Raspberry Pi : the Master Key
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings Raspberry Pi : The Master Key Vinay Vaishnav 1, Amit Tiwari 2, Musharraf Shaikh 3, S.Raghuvenkatesh 4,Prof. Ashwini Jayawant 5 Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, KCCEMSR, Thane, India 1jiggy1106@ gmail.com, 2tamit484@ gmail.com, 3memush007in@ gmail .com,4raghu.15angels@ gmail.com, [email protected] Abstract — The Raspberry Pi developed in this paper is instructions for building the radio using either the HDD44780 providing a unique idea of making wireless internet radio LCD directly wired to the alongwith interfacing electronic device like stepper motor to it Raspberry PI GPIO pins or using an Adafruit RGB-backlit .The Raspberry Pi is said the master key because it uses a simple LCD plate for Raspberry PI. and portable hardware which can perform all computer operations and simultaneously interface electronic devices. The features of the radio are: Keywords—Internet radio, Master key, stepper motor. 1. Raspberry PI running standard Music Player Daemon (MPD) 2. Three different LCDs supported I. INTRODUCTION 3. 2 x 16 character LCD with HD44780 controller The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer 4. 4 x 20 character LCD with HD44780 controller developed in the UK by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the 5. Adafruit LCD plate with 5 push buttons (I2C interface) intention of promoting the teaching of basic computer science 6. Clock display or IP address display (for web interface) in schools and colleges. It’s tempting to think of the Raspberry 7. Five push button operation (Menu, Volume Up, Down, Pi as a microcontroller development board like Arduino, or as Channel Up, Down) a laptop replacement. In fact it is more like the exposed 8. Artist and track scrolling search function innards of a mobile device, with lots of maker-friendly 9. Plays music from a USB stick or from a Network drive headers for the various ports and functions. Our project is a (NAS) flexible low-cost computer. It provides an ideal environment 10. Menu option to display a single RSS news feed for experimenting with programming and electronics. The 11. Web interface using snoopy and others computer has a credit-card sized footprint and consumes at 12. Plays Radio streams or MP3 and WMA tracks most a few watts of power. IJERT13. Controlled by an Object Orientated Python application The Raspberry Pi is a computer that plugs into TV andIJERT a 14. Support for European character sets (Limited by LCD keyboard. It’s a capable little PC which can be used for many capabilities) of the things that your desktop PC does, like spreadsheets, word-processing and games. It also plays high-definition III. BLOCK DIAGRAM video. A Raspberry -Pi leads, a power supply or SD cards that are not included but can be purchased later. One can buy preloaded SD cards too. The Raspberry Pi measures 85.60mm x 53.98mm x 17mm, with a little overlap for the SD card and connectors which project over the edges. It weighs around 45g. Overall real world performance is something like a 300MHz Pentium 2. Raspberry-Pi cannot boot without an SD card. There are a number of operating systems running, ported or in the process of being ported to Raspberry-Pi. Like, AROS, Android 4.0,Arch Linux ARM, Debian Squeeze, Firefox OS etc.The Raspberry Pi uses Linux kernel-based operating systems. Raspbian, a Debian-based free operating system optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware, is the current recommended system. II. FEATURES This project describes how to create an Internet Radio using the Raspberry PI educational computer. It contains Fig.1 System block diagram used in our design www.ijert.org 278 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings IV. HARDWARE 1. SD card containing Linux Operating system The principle hardware required to build the radio consists of 2. USB keyboard the following components: 3. TV or monitor (with HDMI, DVI, Composite or SCART 1. A Raspberry PI computer input) 2. An HD44780 LCD display or an Adafruit RGB-backlit 4. Power supply LCD plate for the Raspberry PI 5. Video cable to suit the TV or monitor used 3. LCD and switches interface board (a) RASPBERRY PI (b) THE HD44780 LCD DISPLAY The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer The HDD44780 LCD interface is an industry standard developed in the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi interface for a variety of LCD displays.These can come in Foundation with the intention of promoting the teaching of various sizes but the two lines by 16 character display is the basic computer science in schools. most popular. Fig.4 The HD44780 LCD display used as indicator/monitor Fig.2 Raspberry Pi hardware (c) SD CARD As the RPi has no internal mass storage or built-in operating system it requires an SD cardpreloaded with a version of the Linux Operating System. IJERTIJERT Fig.5 SD card used for raspberry pi SD card setup Steps: 1. Formatting the SD card via the mkcard.txt script 2. Formatting the SD card via fdisk "Expert mode" Fig.3 Raspberry Pi Model-B 3. Setting up the boot partition The Raspberry Pi board contains a processor and graphics 4. Writing the image to the SD card and booting GNU/Linux chip, program memory (RAM) and various interfaces and 5. SD Card Cloning/Backup connectors for external devices. Some of these devices are 6. Reading an image from the SD Card essential, others are optional. RPi operates in the same way as 7. Copying an image to the SD Card a standard PC, requiring a keyboard for commandentry, a 8. Software Development/Proving display unit and a power supply. It also requires ‘mass- storage’, but a hard disk drive of the type found in a typical (d) POWER SUPPLY PC is not really in keeping with the miniature size of RPi. The unit is powered via the micro USB connector (only the Instead we will use an SD Flash memory card normally used power pins are connected, so it will not transfer data over this in digital cameras, configured in such a way to ‘look like’ a connection). hard drive to RPi’s processor. RPi will ‘boot’ (load the Operating System into RAM) from this card in the same way (e) STEPPER MOTOR as a PC ‘boots up’ into Windows from its hard disk. The following are essential to get started: www.ijert.org 279 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings to be used. It is recommended that a powered hub is used - this will provide any additional power to the devices without affecting the RPi itself. (c) CASE Since the RPi is supplied without a case, it will be important to ensure that you do not use it in places where it will come into contact with conductive metal or liquids, unless suitably protected. (d) EXPANSION AND LOW-LEVEL PERIPHERALS If you plan on making use of the low-level interfaces available on the RPi, then ensure you have a suitable plug for the GPIO header pins. Also if you have a particular low-level project in mind, then ensure you design-in suitable protection circuits to keep your RPi safe. Fig.6 Stepper motor used for interfacing The motor connects to the controller board with a pre-supplied VI. GENERAL PURPOSE INPUT OUTPUT PINS (GPIO) connector.The controller board has 4+2 pins that need to be The figure shows the available pins for external access to the connected to the Pi header (P1). Raspberry Pi. Grayed out pins N/C are not for external 1.5V (P1-02) connections and are used internally. GPIO pins 17, 18, 21, 22, 2.GND (P1-06) 23, 24, 25 are available for external I/O connections. The pins 3.Inp1 (P1-18) are numbered from 1 to 26, left to right and top to bottom. The 4.Inp2 (P1-22) 5V pin is marked in red as a caution since the Raspberry Pi 5.Inp3 (P1-24) operates at the 3.3V level only. Incoming 5V signals must be 6.Inp4 (P1-26) voltage divided to yield only up to 3.3V before entering the Raspberry Pi. The unit is powered via the micro USB (f) KEYBOARD AND MOUSE connector (only the power pins are connected, so it will not Most standard USB keyboards and mice will work with the transfer data over this connection). A standard modern phone RPi. Wireless keyboard/mice should also function. charger (g) CABLES You will need one or more cables to connect up your RPi system. IJERTIJERT 1. Video cable alternatives: a) HDMI-A cable b) HDMI-A cable + DVI adapter c) Composite video cable d) Composite video cable + SCART adaptor 2.Audio cable (not needed if you use the HDMI video connection to a TV) 3.Ethernet/LAN cable. V. ADDITIONAL PERIPHERALS You may decide you want to use various other devices with your RPi, such as Flash Drives/Portable Hard Drives, Fig.7 GPIO pins (arrowed) used in our design Speakers etc. (a) INTERNET CONNECTIVITY This may be via an Ethernet/LAN cable (standard RJ45 VII. SPECIAL FUNCTION PINS connector) or a USB WiFi adaptor. The RPi Model B Ethernet port is auto-sensing which means that it may be connected to a router or directly to another computer (without the need for a crossover cable). (b) USB HUB In order to connect additional devices to the RPi, you may want to obtain a USB hub, which will allow multiple devices www.ijert.org 280 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ICONECT' 14 Conference Proceedings Fig.9 Music player daemon design Music Player Daemon (MPD) is a free and open source music player server.