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Native and Exotic Plants of Cabrillo National Monument

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Native and Exotic Plants of Cabrillo National Monument DIVISION OF INTERPRETATION AND EDUCATION Native and Exotic Plants of Cabrillo National Monument An Unofficial Guide Contributors: Andrea Compton, Rangers New Thanyachareon, Rick Jenkins, and Jeff Nelson 2009 1800 C ABRILLO M EMORIAL D RIVE, S AN D IEGO, CA 92106 Table of Contents Native Aster, California (Lessingia Encelia, California (Encelia californica) filaginifolia) Barrel Cactus, San Diego (Ferocactus Fish-hook Cactus (Mammillaria dioica) viridescens) Black Sage (Salvia mellifera) Flattop Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) Bladderpod (Cleome arborea) Foothill Needlegrass (Nassella lepida) Blue Dicks (Dichelostemma capitatum) Four-Wing Saltbush (Atriplex canescens) Broom Baccharis (Baccharis Golden Club Cactus (Bergerocactus sarothroides) emoryi) Bushmallow (Malacothamnus Golden Yarrow (Eriophyllum fasciculatis) confertiflorum) California Everlasting (Gnaphalium Goldenbush, San Diego (Isocoma californicum) sedoides) Chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Cholla, Coast (Cylindropuntia prolifera) Indian Paintbrush (Castilleja affinis) Cliff Spurge (Euphorbia misera) Lady-fingers (Dudleya edulis) Coastal Sagebrush (Artemisia Lance-leaf Dudleya (Dudleya californica) lanceolata) Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis) Laurel Sumac (Malosma laurina) Deerweed, Coastal (Lotus scoparius) Lemonade Berry (Rhus integrifolia) Desert-Thorn, Coast (Lycium Liveforever (Dudleya pulverulenta) californicum) Desert-Thorn, Common (Lycium Locoweed (Astragalus trichopodus) brevipes) Mariposa Lily (Calochortus weedii) Shaw’s Agave (Agave shawii) Melic, Coast (Melica imperfecta) Spiny Redberry (Rhamnus crocea) Milk Maids (Cardamine californica) Sunflower, San Diego (Viguiera laciniata) Mission Manzanita (Xylococcus Tarweed (Deinandra fasciculata) bicolor) Mojave Yucca (Yucca schidigera) Telegraph Weed (Heterotheca grandiflora) Monkeyflower, Coast (Diplacus Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana) puniceus) Mormon Tea (Ephedra californica) Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) Nuttall Snapdragon (Antirrhinum Twiggy Wreath Plant (Stephanomeria nuttallianum) virgata) Parish’s Nightshade (Solanum parishii) Virgin’s Bower (Clematis pauciflora) Popcorn Flower (Plagiobothrys Wart-Stemmed Ceanothus (Ceanothus collinus) verrucosus) Poppy, California (Eschscholzia Wild Cherry (Prunus ilicifolia) californica) Prickly Pear Cactus, Coastal (Opuntia Wild Cucumber (Marah macrocarpus) littoralis) Saltbush, Coastal (Atriplex watsonii) Wildrye, Giant (Leymus condensatus) Saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) Wishbone Bush (Mirabilis californica) Scrub Oak, Coast (Quercus dumosa) Yellow Pincushion (Chaenactis glabriuscula) Sea Dahlia (Coreopsis maritima) Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon crassifolium) Plants to add: schismis barbadis, small fescue, surfgrass, Mexican sage, Bermuda grass, softchess, wild oat, pinks, goldfields Exotic Australian Saltbush (Atriplex Natal Plum (Carissa macrocarpa) semibaccata) Bottlebrush, Red (Callistemon Red-eye Acacia (Acacia cyclops) citrinus) Crown Daisy (Leucanthemum Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) coronarium) Crystalline Iceplant Saint-John’s Wort (Hypericum (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) perforatum) Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Sandbur, Southern (Cenchrus camaldulensis) echinatus) Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Sand-Spurry (Spergularia bocconii) Iceplant (Carpobrotus edulis) Tree Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) Lily of the Nile (Agapanthus praecox) Water Bent (Agrostis viridis) Monterey Cypress (Cupressus Yellow Star-Thistle (Centaurea macrocarpa) solstitialis) Myoporum (Myoporum laetum) Plants to add: ricegrass smillo, rabbitfoot grass, African fountain grass, pompas grass, natal grass, goldentop grass, foxtail, bromis dianotrous, tocalote Mojave Yucca Yucca schidigera Other Common Names: Spanish Bayonet Family: Agave (Agavaceae) Field Identification: branched, woody truck; <12’, stacked rosette structure; long, hard, dagger-like, yellow-green leaves; cream and purple tinged flowers; green, oblong fruit Animal/Human Uses: Fibrous leaves used to make cords, nets, hats, cloth, rope; fruit, stalk, and flowers edible; roots and seeds used to make shampoo; roots made into a laxative Blooming Season: Mar—May Park Location: Bayside Trail, Pacific Overlook, Near Tidepools Lemonade Berry Rhus integrifolia Other Common Names: — Family: Sumac (Anacardiaceae) Field Identification: aromatic evergreen, <15’; branches are long, leaves are dark-green, leather, margin serrate; flowers are white or pink; bright red, tart berries; when climate has been dry, it may be the only green plant around Animal/Human Uses: Fruit are edible and can be soaked to make a beverage; dense cover for animals; ornamental and natural barrier Blooming Season: Bloom throughout the year Park Location: Widespread Black Sage Salvia mellifera Other Common Names: — Family: Mint (Lamiaceae) Field Identification: densely branched; <6’; yellow-green leaves; very aromatic; black seed pods are on a twiggy stalk; flowers are white or blue tinged Animal/Human Uses: Ground into meal and eaten; used in Native American rituals Blooming Season: Apr—July Park Location: Bayside Trail, Path to Ligh- thouse, Near Observation Bunker at Pacific Overlook Coastal Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia littoralis Other Common Names: — Family: Cactus (Cactaceae) Field Identification: large, green, paddle- shaped pads; <4’, 4-10 spines/areole; yellow flowers; juicy, dark red fruit Animal/Human Uses: Fruit (tunas) and pads (nopales) are edible; fruit can be candied or used for jam; pads boiled or roasted; seeds ground and eaten in soups or as flour; pads cut and placed on wounds; drink is made to help with childbirth; spiders use spines for cover Blooming Season: Mar—Jun Park Location: Pacific Overlook, Bayside Trail, Path to Lighthouse Flat-Top Buckwheat Eriogonum fasciculatum Other Common Names: California Buckwheat Family: Buckwheat (Polygonaceae) Field Identification: branches striate and be- come woody and brittle, <5’; leaves are linear, short, and in clusters along twigs; flowers are white and rust with age Animal/Human Uses: Young shoots and seeds are edible when cooked; boiled flowers were used for babies to control diarrhea, for eyewash, and to help shrink uterus after birth; stems and leaves were boiled to treat head- aches and stomachaches; flowers are attractive to bees, rats use for cover and seeds Blooming Season: Apr—Nov Park Location: Widespread Toyon Heteromeles arbutifolia Other Common Names: Hollywood, Christmas Berry, California Holly Family: Rose (Rosaceae) Field Identification: shrub, becomes treelike with maturity, <18’, prefers north facing slopes, bark is smooth and gray; leaves are elliptical, toothed, and become dark green; flowers are white; fruits are red Animal/Human Uses: Fruits edible, raw, made into applesauce-like mush, toasted, or used to make cider; used to make tea to cure stomachaches; ornamental plant Blooming Season: Flowers: Jun—Jul, Fruit: Winter Park Location: Bayside Trail, Path to Light- house Coastal Sagebrush Artemisia californica Other Common Names: Coastal Sage Family: Sunflower (Asteraceae) Field Identification: rounded shrub, branched, <4’, gray foliage; leaves are compound; flowers are not showy; very aromatic Animal/Human Uses: Some medical uses (cure cold, coughing, asthma, etc); used in various ceremonies (e.g. hunting, religious); burned for aroma Blooming Season: With rain (drought- deciduous) Park Location: Path to Lighthouse, Bayside Trail, Pacific Overlook California Encelia Encelia californica Other Common Names: Bush Sunflower Family: Sunflower (Asteraceae) Field Identification: coastal shrub; rounded; <4’; branches weak, leafy; leaves are thick, blue- green; flower heads radiate and are bright yellow, disks black; drought-deciduous; during summer and winter months may look dead Animal/Human Uses: Used to help soothe sore teeth and in hand wash Blooming Season: March—Jun Park Location: Widespread Cliff Spurge Euphorbia misera Other Common Names: — Family: Spurge (Euphorbiaceae) Field Identification: irregularly branched, zig- zagging branches, fleshy, thick; <5’; leaves are rounded (drop in dry season); small and colorful flowers; sap can be irritating to skin (blisters) Animal/Human Uses: ? Blooming Season: Jan—Aug (with rain) Park Location: Bayside Trail, Near Tidepools Shaw’s Agave Agave shawii Other Common Names: — Family: Agave (Agavaceae) Field Identification: stacked rosette struc- ture, stem apparent with age; spreads in clumps, <3’; leaves are triangular, sharply pointed, spiny-toothed on margins and dark green; one tall stalk at end of plant’s life (plant conserves energy to shoot up the stalk); golden flowers that occur only on the stalk Animal/Human Uses: Stalk, leaves and flowers are edible (cattle eat everything but the leaves); cordage could be made into rope, etc Blooming Season: Sep—May Park Location: Pacific Overlook, Path to Light- house, Near Tidepools Coast Cholla Cylindropuntia prolifera Other Common Names: Jumping Cholla Family: Cactus (Cactaceae) Field Identification: tree-like or spreading as thicket, <6’; the segments are short, 3-12”; spines are short; flowers are magenta; inside filaments are green; entire segments will detach if they come in contact with skin/clothes (“jumping Cholla”) Animal/Human Uses: Thickets provide haven for small animals; flowers and fruit were possi- bly used as food Blooming Season: Apr—Jul Park Location: Path to Lighthouse, Parking Lot Island, Near Tidepools San Diego Barrel Cactus Ferocactus viridescens Other Common Names: Coast Barrel Cactus Family: Cactus (Cactaceae) Field Identification: short, stout,
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