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Infectious Spread directly or indirectly, from one person to another Infectious & Non- Caused by pathogenic microorganisms Infectious Diseases Bacteria Viruses Parasites fungi;

Respiratory/Droplets Fecal – Oral Transmission  Food or water are contaminated (by people  Typical mode of transmission among many infectious agents. not washing their hands before preparing  Coughs or sneezes suspended in warm, moist droplets, food, or untreated sewage being released into may enter the body through the nose, mouth or eye a drinking water supply) and the people who surfaces. eat and drink them become infected.  Diseases that are commonly spread by coughing or sneezing include (at least):  Examples:  Viral Meningitis  Cholera  Chickenpox  Hepatitis A  Common cold  Polio  Influenza  Rotavirus  Strep throat  Salmonella 

Sexual Transmission Direct Contact Diseases that can be transmitted by  This refers to any that can be caught during sexual activity with another person. direct contact are called contagious Some diseases transmissible by the sexual . route include (at least):  HIV/AIDS Some diseases that are transmissible  Chlamydia  Genital warts by direct contact include:  Gonorrhea Athlete's foot  Hepatitis B  Syphilis Impetigo  Herpes Warts

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Vector Transmission A vector is an organism that Test Your does not cause disease itself but that transmits by Knowledge! conveying pathogens from one  Is It Contagious? host to another. Examples include mosquitoes, deer ticks, animal bites, etc.

Non – Infectious Disease Infectious vs. Non-Infectious  Non-infectious diseases (also called Non-  communicable diseases ) are those diseases that are Historically, infectious diseases were the not caused by a pathogen and cannot be shared from main cause of death in the world and, one person to another. indeed, in some developing regions this may  Environment still be the case. With the development of  nutritional deficiencies antibiotics and vaccination programs,  lifestyle choices  genetic infectious disease is no longer the leading cause of death in the western world. Non-  Unlike infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases are infectious disease is now responsible for the not communicable or contagious, although some kinds leading causes of death in both developed can be passed down genetically to the children of a carrier. and some developing countries.

Causes of Non-Infectious Disease Inherited Diseases genetically inherited diseases environmental diseases Genetic disorders are caused by errors Non-infectious diseases that are not in genetic information that produce genetic disorders are environmental diseases in the affected people. These diseases, although many diseases errors may include: are affected by both genetic and A change in the chromosome numbers, environmental factors. such as Down syndrome A defect in a single gene caused by mutation, such as Cystic Fibrosis.

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Environmental Diseases   Environmental disease is a very broad category. It includes Cancer is a non-infectious disease that affects avoidable and unavoidable conditions caused by external millions of people. factors, such as sunlight, food, pollution, and lifestyle  The National Cancer Institute reports the most choices. The diseases of affluence $$ are non-infectious common cancer type as nonmelanoma skin diseases with environmental causes. Examples include: cancer, with about one million cases a year.  Many types of  Lung cancer is the second-most common, with  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by smoking about 219,440 new cases and 159,390 deaths.  Type 2  Other common include bladder, breast,  Malnutrition caused by too little food, or eating the wrong leukemia, pancreatic, prostate, thyroid, kinds of food (e.g. scurvy from lack of Vitamin C) colorectal, endometrial and kidney cancer.  Skin cancer caused by radiation from the sun

Heart Disease Kidney Disease  Mayo Clinic reports heart disease, a non-  The National Kidney Foundation reports infectious disease, as the number-one killer in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non- the United States. infectious disease that affects about 26 million Americans.  Heart or cardiovascular disease refers to a  CKD results when the kidneys are no longer variety of conditions that involve the able to remove wastes from the body. circulatory system. Heart attacks, strokes, chest Diseases such as diabetes, high blood pain, tachycardia, high cholesterol, heart valve pressure, lupus, kidney stones and polycystic disease, high blood pressure, palpitations and kidney disease may hinder the kidneys' congenital heart disease are some of the non- ability to process and remove wastes. infectious heart diseases.

Mental Disease Bone Disease

 Mental disease covers a broad range of Non-infectious bone diseases include non-infectious diseases that affects osteoporosis, Paget's disease and people of all ages. Autism, panic attacks, narcolepsy, manic-depressive disorder, osteogenesis imperfecta. Osteoporosis depression, bulimia nervosa, bipolar indicates a low bone mass, fragile disorder and Asperger's syndrome are bones, and high risk of bone fractures. examples of non-infectious mental diseases.

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Muscle & Joint Disease Diabetes  Non-infectious muscle and joint diseases include  When carbohydrates are eaten, they get fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis and . converted to glucose which is blood . To Fibromyalgia is a chronic non-infectious disease stabilize blood sugar levels, the pancreas identified as pain and tender points in soft tissue, releases insulin. In people that have diabetes, muscles and joints throughout the body. Merck Manual, an online medical library, reports a noninfectious disease, the pancreas does rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects about one not release insulin properly or at all in the percent of the world's population. RA symptoms most severe cases. This can cause kidney range from mild occasional joint pain to severe and failure, blindness, nerve damage and heart debilitating pain. Gout is a non-infectious disease problems. caused by high levels of uric acid in the joints and manifests as sudden severe joint pain, possibly accompanied by fever and feeling ill.

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