Noise footprint on 85 dBa. based Noise footprint Fuel use 1950s Early Jet Airplanes EarlyJet History of Progress History of Environmental 70% Fuel Improvement Reduced Fuel and 90% Reduction in Noise Footprint Noise Reduction in 1990s New Generation Jet Airplanes Airplanes Jet Generation New CO Boeing_Environment.ppt 2

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2 Noise dB Noise Improved Fuel Efficiency Through Air Traffic Management

• Optimizing flight paths • Relieving system congestion • Integrating ATM and airborne technologies

Jet aircraft can use five times more fuel at lower altitudes than at cruising altitudes

Holding planes at the departure airport reduces fuel burn and emissions

Passengers Spend Less Time in the Air Aviation Actions to Reduce CO2

Low Carbon Fuels Farm to Fly

John Gardner Washington State University

[email protected] Agriculture Aviation

Fuel

Price Volatility Availability Environmental Impact Agriculture Aviation Agriculture Aviation Oxygenate Distillate

Market Feedstock Agonistic Agonistic

Supply Market Push Pull

Food and Feed Oil Benchmark Benchmark

Sustainability Sustainability In Context Unconditional Advanced Biofuel Production Feedstocks Processing BioRefining Distribution/Utilization

Oilseeds

Hydro Treating Aviation Fermentation Gasification Pyrolysis

Sugar Trucking

Algae Marine Sustainable Biofuel Test Flights

Feb 2008 Virgin Atlantic Dec 2008 Air New Zealand Jan 2009 Continental Coconut and Babassu Jatropha Algae and Jatropha

Jan 2009 Japan Airlines Apr 2010 F/A-18 June 2010 Dutch AH-64 Apache Camelina, Jatropha, Algae Camelina Algae and Cooking Oil

Boeing_Environment.ppt | 10 Sustainable Aviation Fuels Northwest

Port of Seattle Climate Solutions

The Boeing Company Spokane International Airport

Alaska Airlines Washington State University

Port of Portland Initial Supply Chain for Pacific Northwest 2010-2013

Multiple firms provide Existing varieties, seed, oilseed Biorefinery co- processing locates with ASTM fuel and Airlines facilities petro refinery for certification production seek 10 yr used dual use of up to 50/50 contracts purchase infrastructure blend agreement

crop/genotype fuel testing land and water resources fuel certification machinery/equipment airline purchase crop harvest oil and meal bio-refinery engine/ pest management agreement transportation processing fuel/co-products flight testing bio-containment storage transportation transportation emissions risk/peril management airport fuel storage storage environmental farm/conservation programs handling impact actions, decisions actions, financing Life Cycle Assessment

Federal USDA DOE DoD State grant WSU UW participants Private Growers Refiner Airlines algae

cellulose % biofuel feedstock sugars

oilseeds

time Sustainable Biofuel Apps…..

GEG

Port of PDX UW Alaska Air Spokane Boeing Port of SEA WSU OSU PNNL

Great Plains Imperium Targeted Alt Air Catchlight Stoel Rives Verno Harris Group CAAFI Growth

NREL Sun Grant US Navy DLA DOE Amyris USAF USDA FAA

Sustainable Oils Biopure Green ATA Weyerhaeuser Danforth ADAGE Bioalgene Conservation Fuels NW Diamond

RSB

Nature NW OR Dept OR Env. Houghton NRDC OR Wheat Parametrix Roundtable on Conservancy Network of Agriculture Council Cascade Growers Sustainable

Simpson WA Dept Sapphire Spokane USDA - RD USDA - ARS Honeywell WA - DNR WSGR Investment Industries of Comm Sustainable Aviation Biofuel Projects

SAFUG-Europe Working Together MOUs Member Projects with CAAC, Air China, PetroChina

Sustainable Aviation Fuels Northwest Life Cycle Analysis

Project Flight Path Masdar Research Aviation Biofuel Project Aviation Biofuel Assessment Road Map Project