DKTI- Development of a Sustainable Bioenergy Market in Serbia

Development of a Sustainable Bioenergy Market in Serbia A project under the German Climate Technology Initiative (DKTI) Survey and Assessment of the Actual Usage of Fuel of all District Heating Companies in Serbia and Existing Plans for Short and Mid- Term Investments, including those for Fuel Switch

prepared for:

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

DKTI- Development of a Sustainable Bioenergy Market in Serbia

Bože Jankovića 39

11000 Beograd

prepared by:

Ing. Radmilo Savić, PhD Magelanova 20, 11070 Beograd

November 2014

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List of abbreviations

JKSP Javno Komunalno Stambeno Preduzeće – Public Utility Housing Company

JKP Javno Komunalno Preduzeće - Public Utility Company

KJP Komunalno Javno Preduzeće – Utility Public Company

JP Javno preduzeće – Public Company

LBS Local Boiler Station

BS Boiler station

DH District Heating

DHS District Heating System

VK "Toplodni Kotao / Vrelovodni Kotao" - Hot-water boiler / Warm-water boiler

PK Parni Kotao - Steam boiler

HFO Medium Fuel Oil – "mazut"

LFO Light Fuel Oil

RJ Radna jedinica

°C Degree Celsius (temperature) kg Kilogram km Kilometre kW Kilowatt l Litre m Meter m² Square meter

MW Megawatt

MWh Megawatt hour t Metric ton

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List of tables

Due to the large number of tables, "list of tables" will not be given separately.

All tables are given uniformly, for each city individually, in a separate chapter, as follow:

Table 1. Company profile

Table 2. Type of fuel in usage and average annually consumption

Table 3. Main data about boilers

Table 4. Technical possibilities and interest of authorities for using of biomass

Table 5. Evaluation and recommendation

List of pictures

Due to the large number of pictures, "list of pictures" will not be given separately.

At the end of each chapter (city) there is several pictures (heat source, boiler(s), detail of installation, available space for biomass storage).

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 6 2. METHODOLOGY ...... 7 3. DEFINITIONS OF TASKS ...... 9 4. DISTRICT HEATING COMPANIES IN SERBIA ...... 10 4.1. Bačka Palanka ...... 12 4.2. Bajina bašta ...... 14 4.3. Batočina ...... 17 4.4. Bečej ...... 20 4.5. Beočin ...... 22 4.6. Beograd ...... 24 4.7. Blace ...... 28 4.8. Bor ...... 31 4.9. Čačak ...... 35 4.10. Zemun ("EI") ...... 39 4.11. Gornji Milanovac ...... 41 4.12. Jagodina ...... 44 4.13. Kikinda ...... 47 4.14. Kladovo ...... 49 4.15. Knjaževac ...... 52 4.16. Kosjerić ...... 55 4.17. Kovin ...... 57 4.18. Kragujevac...... 59 4.19. Kraljevo ...... 63 4.20. Kruševac ...... 65 4.21. Lazarevac ...... 68 4.22. Leskovac ...... 70 4.23. Loznica ...... 73 4.24. Majdanpek ...... 75 4.25. Mali Zvornik ...... 77 4.26. Negotin ...... 79

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4.27. Niš ...... 81 4.28. Nova Varoš ...... 86 4.29. Novi Pazar ...... 89 4.30. Novi Sad ...... 92 4.31. Obrenovac ...... 96 4.32. Odžaci ...... 97 4.33. Pančevo ...... 98 4.34. Pećinci ...... 101 4.35. Petrovac na Mlavi ...... 103 4.36. Pirot ...... 106 4.37. Požarevac...... 110 4.38. Priboj ...... 111 4.39. Prijepolje ...... 114 4.40. Ruma ...... 117 4.41. Šabac ...... 120 4.42. Smederevo ...... 123 4.43. Sombor ...... 126 4.44. Srbobran ...... 128 4.45. Sremska Mitrovica ...... 129 4.46. Subotica ...... 132 4.47. Temerin ...... 135 4.48. Trstenik ...... 136 4.49. Ub ...... 139 4.50. Užice ...... 141 4.51. Valjevo ...... 144 4.52. Velika Plana ...... 147 4.53. Vranje ...... 149 4.54. Vrbas ...... 153 4.55. Zaječar ...... 155 4.56. Žitište ...... 159 4.57. Zrenjanin ...... 160 5. Recapitulation of evaluation (table) ...... 162 6. CONCLUSIONS ...... 164 Page 5 of 164

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The end of the first decade and the beginning of the second decade of the new millennium is characterised by raising prices of two main fuels, used in district heating systems (DHS) in Serbia, fuel oil ("mazut") and natural gas. The price of fuel oil has increased so significantly that the cost of heat production, in the already "out of age" boiler units reached a level of 100 €/MWh (Novi Pazar, Priboj, Nova Varoš, etc.). With the cost of heat production in the municipalities that belong to the underdeveloped area in Serbia, further work and operations have become unsustainable. Four decades ago, more than a third of cities in Serbia, which had the DHS, were using coal as the main energy source. During the eighties and nineties, half of this capacity is oriented to work with fuel oil (less frequently on natural gas) and today these heat sources are also in a precarious economic position.

Those who are still using coal (Kragujevac, Bor, Kruševac, and Bajina Bašta) are faced with the problem of procurement of quality coal, because Serbia does not produce sufficient amounts. In addition, all heat sources operating on oil and coal generating a huge amounts of air pollutants that cause greenhouse effects and raise the level of global warming. It is necessary to make a conversion of fuel, mainly to RES in next few years.

Basic development of district heating systems must be oriented to greater use of biomass, primarily wood chips. This will ensure sustainable production of heat and the use of domestic energy sources (RES). From economically aspect, the money will stay in the country instead of the current situation where woody biomass is exported to EU countries, and Serbia/DHC/towns spend large funds for the import of liquid fossil fuels and natural gas. Massive usage of woody biomass can also be a generator of local economy development in rural parts of Serbia.

For the purpose of creating the program of replacement of fuels in district heating systems in Serbia, it was necessary to visit all 57 district heating production facilities in the cities and municipalities, in order to determine the real facts and to define the potential for the introduction of biomass.

In order to implement these tasks in most cases it was necessary to give to the management of district heating system a lot of information and explanation about Program and GIZ mission and cooperation in Serbia. A benefit of usage of biomass also presented to them, as well as, often to the representatives of local governments in the municipalities. This is important because, without their support, further implementation of this program would not be possible.

With this aim, visiting of all district heating system was organised and realised during August and September 2014. The detailed reports were made for each district heating system / municipality all in accordance with ToR.

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2. METHODOLOGY

In order to collect data about heat sources within the district heating system in Serbia, as well as to perform verification of the boilers and equipment condition, available space and access roads for the eventual use of biomass as fuel, tours to all the cities and DH Companies is conducted and interviews with relevant representative of companies management done. In some Cities, meetings were held also with representatives of local authority control. On this occasion their views and opinions (readiness) for introducing biomass in the process of heat production are observed. In cases where the thermal energy production is provided from several different locations, especially attention has been paid to heat sources suitable for the application of biomass (installed capacity, type of boilers, condition, available space within the heat source, storage area, access roads etc). All of those location are visited, required data collected, as well as photographs and data on the status of boilers and equipment (previously provided by the technical staff of the company) verified.

All data are processed and systematized in this document. This Report is created at uniform model for each town/district heating system. Data are shown in tables by choosing one of predefined descriptions. For an easier overview, in this chapter tables with all possible descriptions are given. Table 1. Company profile Company name Number of flats connected to DHSystem - Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % Total heating area m2 Total heating object – public buildings m2 Total heating area – residential m2 Total heating object – public buildings MW Total heating area – residential MW Total connected capacity MW Total installed capacity MW Number of heat sources -

Table 2. Type of fuel in usage and average annually consumption Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption

Table 3. Main data about boilers MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1

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Table 4. Technical possibilities and interest of authorities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s) Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely reconstruction of boiler room completely new boiler room on other location NO POSSIBILITIES Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential YES fuel NO

statement description in existing boilers, with some coal fired boilers modification in existing boiler room but with new existing boilers will still operate, enough available boiler(s) space for new biomass boiler and/or replacement of one old completely reconstruction of boiler room all existing boilers might be replaced with biomass boilers completely new boiler room on other new location recognised… "green field" investment location NO POSSIBILITIES natural gas as fuel, efficient system, location not recognized or too far away from DHnet

Table 5. Evaluation and recommendation

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test Feasibly Middle High Further analysis Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Remark: According to classification, there is three type of "fuel oil" light, medium and heavy. DHS in Serbia used mostly "medium fuel oil" (mazut). However, in this report abbreviation "HFO" for medium fuel oil is used, as term often in translation to English, especially by consultants.

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3. DEFINITIONS OF TASKS

Task 1: Analysis and priorisation of the most promising district heating companies a) The consultant will coordinate the survey in cooperation with the Ministry of Mining and Energy as well as with the Association of Toplanas in Serbia. The consultant will personally visit all district heating companies to evaluate and confirm the information with the persons in charge. The required data and information for the analysis will be collected by the consultant. The detailed questionnaire will be prepared during the preparation phase of the consultant in close cooperation with GIZ. The situation in some district heating companies is already known and they need not to be visited by the consultant, a list of not to be visited district heating companies will be prepared jointly with GIZ before start of the survey. b) The consultant will provide an overview about the currently installed boiler systems (HoB, CHP), capacity, fuel type and consumption, predicted remaining life span of the boiler system and planned short and mid-term investments. c) The consultant will assess the expected development of the district heating companies in regard of heat consumption, number of connected households, technical modifications within the heat generation system, financial situation and financing options for planned and future investments. d) The consultant will provide an overview about the potentials for a fuel switch in district heating companies in general as well as an overview (list) of suitable coal fired heat only boilers with the potential to convert from coal to biomass without exchanging the boiler system.

Task 2: Results of the assessment a) The consultant will summarize his findings in an English written report and prepare a PPT- Presentation including the main results.

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4. DISTRICT HEATING COMPANIES IN SERBIA

Construction of the first district heating started at `60 in the last century, and the first boilers, particularly in smaller towns use coal as fuel. The wide use of coal for the next few years was replaced with fuel oil as fuel - at the time a cheap and available source of energy. Trend of building heating production based on oil held twenty years, till oil crisis. Since the mid-80s age of gas fired boilers started, wherever was technically possible. A boiler fuelled by biomass does still not exist in district heating systems in Serbia. It is interesting that investments in the development of district heating was significant during seventies and eighties and in the last decade of XX century was practically reduced to zero. This is main reason of today’s poor technical condition of the system. Some modernisation of system has been done recently, mainly on the basis of grants and loans.

This is corresponding to the fact that the average ages of the parts of the system (boiler and hot water) are more than 25 years. Most activities / modernisation were part of the substations, in preparation for the new tariff system and payment according to consumption.

Over the past few years, the situation in district heating systems in Serbia can be characterized as critical. There are many reasons, but the lack of funds for regular operations due to the high (constantly growing) energy costs, not economical price for delivered heat, lack of high-level billing and more. One possible solution is a shift from lump-sum billing system for payment according to the actual amount of energy consumed in the building / dwelling unit. This activity should be presented by local government, in whose jurisdiction the area of district heating transferred pursuant to the Energy Law from 2004. The same law was also transferred to the jurisdiction of use of renewable energy in heating systems, but still have not made other regulative. It can be expected that, especially in small towns, one of the solutions is an orientation towards renewable energy sources, thereby reducing dependence on expensive imported oil products, contributed to the preservation of the environment, to employ local labour. It is absurd that in some areas, which are located in forested areas, where the developed wood industry, we have a boiler using heavy fuel oil, and problem with pollution of the environment (soil and water) due to irresponsible waste of wood shavings, saw dust and all other kind of wood processing residues.

District heating systems in Serbia are existing in 57 cities today, as there are companies whose main activity is the production and distribution of thermal energy. In these cities, according to the Serbian DH Association (for 2010) are connected to district heating systems a total of 1,306,330 households. If we observe the total number of households in Serbia, the number of housing units connected to district heating systems is about 20%. At the same time, the total installed capacity of 256 separate heat sources is 5,657 MW. In Belgrade are installed 2,868 MW. During the heating season the average structure of fuel is as follows: natural gas 65%, oil 18%, coal 15%, light fuel oil 1.5 %, and renewable 0.5 % (pellet and briquette in Belgrade and wood in Knjaževac).

It should be emphasized that the kindergartens, schools, universities and hospitals, that are not connected to the DH system mainly for heating and preparation of DHV still use coal and oil.

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Figure 1. Location of town with district heating systems

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4.1. Bačka Palanka

Bačka Palanka is a city and municipality located in Vojvodina province of Serbia, on left bank of the Danube. In 2011 the city had a total population of 28,239, while Bačka Palanka municipality had 55,528 inhabitants.

Company name DP "NOVI SAD-GAS", Toplana "PARTIZAN"-Bačka Palanka Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 577 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 5 Total heating area m2 56,259 Total heating object – public buildings m2 29,883 Total heating area – residential m2 26,376 Total heating object – public buildings MW 4.85 Total heating area – residential MW 4.31 Total connected capacity MW 9.16 Total installed capacity MW 12.11 Number of heat sources - 2

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 1,100,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1979 2.3 gas/HFO good

2 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1981 2.3 gas poor

3 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1981 2.3 gas good

4 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1985 2.3 gas poor

5 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1994 2.91 gas very good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel NO

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Observation and evaluation: new gas fired LBS "Partizan" with "Buderus" boiler`s (2x3,5MW), realised within KfW Program will just start with operation; using a biomass is not feasible;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Boiler room Boilers

Boiler data plate Control and monitoring

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4.2. Bajina Bašta Bajina Bašta is a town located in the western mountains of Serbia. The town lies in the valley of the Drina River at the eastern edge of Tara National Park. It is the administrative seat of the Bajina Bašta Municipality in the Zlatibor District. The population of the town, according to 2011 census, is 9,148 inhabitants, while municipality has 26,022.

Company name JP "BB TERM", Bajina Bašta Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1100 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 30 Total heating area m2 88,540 Total heating object – public buildings m2 35,230 Total heating area – residential m2 53,310 Total heating object – public buildings MW 12.97 Total heating area – residential MW 4.8 Total connected capacity MW 17.77 Total installed capacity MW 16.66 Number of heat sources - 2

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 1,250 - 1,400

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth hot-water 1 VK Đura Đaković 1974 1.74 HFO poor > 110oC hot-water 2 VK EMO Celje 1978 1.86 HFO poor > 110oC hot-water 3 VK EMO Celje 1981 1.86 HFO poor > 110oC hot-water 4 VK Ivar 2005 5 HFO good > 110oC hot-water 5 VK TPK Zagreb 1986 1.6 coal very good > 110oC hot-water 6 VK TPK Zagreb 1987 1.6 coal very good > 110oC hot-water 7 VK TPK Zagreb 2006 1.6 coal very good > 110oC hot-water 8 VK Ivar 2007 0.7 HFO very good > 110oC hot-water 9 VK Ivar 2007 0.7 HFO very good > 110oC

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification + in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: consumers of first LBS are also school, kindergarten and sports hall; LBS are using coal in three boilers, 1.6 MW each; there is empty space for another boiler – suitable for biomass boiler; storage space available; second HFO LBS are situated in the basement of building; no possibilities for boiler replacement or biomass storage; distance from first LBS is around 700m; possibility for connection in case of construction of new biomass (5MW) boiler; in that case existing LBS will remain for reserve and peak-load; one container HFO boiler station are also in use coupled with second LBS;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

Storage for coal Inside storage

Inside storage Boiler plate

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Boiler Chimney

Dosing system for fuel Boiler

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4.3. Batočina

Batočina is a small town and municipality located in the Šumadija District of Serbia. According to 2011 census, the population of the town is 5,804, while population of the municipality is 11,760.

Company name JKP "7 JULI", Batočina Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 167 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 9.95 Total heating area m2 27,282 Total heating object – public buildings m2 16,282 Total heating area – residential m2 11,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2.3 Total heating area – residential MW 1.7 Total connected capacity MW 4 Total installed capacity MW 6.5 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - - - 1,250

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MW/(t/h) 1 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1983 1.6 coal out of order

2 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1983 1.6 coal good

3 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1987 1.6 coal good

4 VK Hot-water Topling, Beograd 2011 1.7 coal good

5 VK Hot-water Topling, Beograd 2014 1.7 coal not installed

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: One boiler is out of order; New boiler purchased, but it is not installed; Good potential for using of biomass in existing boilers; lack of available space for biomass storage around boiler room; can be solved with two storages, one with higher capacity dislocated; good potential for cheap wood residues from local furniture factory (4 km away);

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

LBS Boiler

Soot separation - filter Dosing system for coal

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Boiler out of order Inside boiler

Transportation system for coal New – not installed boiler

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4.4. Bečej

Bečej is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District in Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 23,895, while Bečej municipality has 37,351 inhabitants. It is multiethnic town, with Serbs (44.25%) and Hungarians (43.20%) as largest ethnic groups (2011 census).

Company name JP "TOPLANA", Bečej Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,040 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 12 Total heating area m2 125,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 50,000 Total heating area – residential m2 75,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 11 Total heating area – residential MW 9 Total connected capacity MW 20 Total installed capacity MW 18.6 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 2.100.000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water TPK Zagreb 1985 9.3 gas good

2 VK Warm-water TPK Zagreb 1985 9.3 gas good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES * * potential also in geothermal energy

Observation and evaluation: one LBS, two gas fired boilers in good condition; there is place in boiler room for third boilers; authorities are interested for biomass boiler instead of new gas fired; furthermore, there is good potential for using geothermal energy; in cooperation with one company from Germany, they are working on prefeasibility study;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS LBS and new pipes

Inside boiler room Boiler

Boiler Available space inside LBS

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4.5. Beočin

Beočin is a town and municipality in the Vojvodina province, Serbia. The population of the town is 7,839, whilst Beočin's municipality population is 15,726. There is also a Beočin Monastery from the 16th century in the municipality.

Company name JP "TOPLANA", Beočin Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 630 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 22.7 Total heating area m2 45,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 10,000 Total heating area – residential m2 35,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 4.67 Total heating area – residential MW 1.24 Total connected capacity MW 5.91 Total installed capacity MW 11.4 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 1.000.000

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK Minel, Beograd 1978 2.2 gas poor > 90 °C Hot-water 2 VK Loos, Germany 2002 5.2 gas very good > 110 °C Hot-water 3 VK Loos, Germany 2007 4 gas very good > 110 °C

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: LBS are equipped with two gas fired boilers in very good condition; third boiler is for replacement; capacity of LBS is oversized; good technical condition for replacement of third boiler with new biomass boiler; available space for storage;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS Boilers and burners

Boilers and burners Boilers and burners

Available space Boiler with burner

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4.6. Beograd

Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. Its name translates to White city. The city has a population of 1.23 million, while over 1.65 million people live in its metro area (which encompass administrative limits of City of Belgrade). Belgrade lies 116.75 metres (383.0 ft) above sea level and is located at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers

Company name JKP "BEOGRADSKE ELEKTRANE" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 295,995 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 65.78 Total heating area m2 21,420,809 Total heating object – public buildings m2 4,409,788 Total heating area – residential m2 17,011,021 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2,382 Total heating area – residential MW 706 Total connected capacity MW 3088 Total installed capacity MW 2,868 Number of heat sources - 63

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal/pellet/briquett e Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 320,000,000 50,000 44,000 2,500 / 2,200 / 1,300

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MW/(t/h) MINEL- 1 VK TE - 203 1989 3.5 coal good KOTLOGRADNJA MINEL- 2 VK TE - 203 1989 3.5 coal good KOTLOGRADNJA 3 VK TV - 8000 EMO 1978 9.30 HFO poor S - 1200 4 VK ĐURO ĐAKOVIĆ 1971 7.60 HFO poor OPTIMAL S- 1200 5 VK ĐURO ĐAKOVIĆ 1978 7.90 HFO poor OPTIMAL MINEL- 6 VK TE - 108/V 1980 5.80 HFO good KOTLOGRADNJA MINEL- 7 PK TE - 107 1981 4.18 HFO good KOTLOGRADNJA Page 24 of 164

TE - 111/V MINEL- 8 VK 1977 10.46 HFO good "BE09" KOTLOGRADNJA TE - 111/V MINEL- 9 VK 1975 10.46 HFO good "BE09" KOTLOGRADNJA

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification & completely reconstruction of boiler room

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: on seven LBS, since 2007, fuel substitution was made; instead of coal, with minor changes, using biomass in the form of pellets and briquettes was started; no problem from technical side, but raising problem is price of new fuel; good potential in LBS "Barajevo" to start usage of wood chips with some modification of existing boilers; only one heat source (out of 63) which still use coal is "Sremčica" (7 MW); have very good potential for mixing of coal and biomass or to use only biomass with some reconstruction in existing boilers; furthermore, LBS "Višnjička banja" is in poor condition and there is available space around LBS for completely new plant; good position of LBS and available space for biomass storage support idea for using biomass (up to 30MW); third potential heat source is "Borča", LBS operating on HFO with available place for one new biomass boiler; available place for storage; biomass boiler (up to 5 MW) can operate as base load and 24/365 because production of domestic hot water;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible / Short / Middle Low / High Further analysis and test Feasible

Toplana "Sremčica" Space for biomass storage

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Daily bunker Front side of boiler

Toplana "Borča" Space for biomass storage

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Boilers Backside of object

Toplana „Višnjička banja" Boilers

Boiler with HFO burner Welding inside of boiler

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4.7. Blace

Blace is a town and municipality located in the Toplica District of Serbia. According to 2011 census, the population of the town is 5,253, while population of the municipality is 11,754.

Company name JKP "Blace" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - n/a Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n/a Total heating area m2 15,550 Total heating object – public buildings m2 n/a Total heating area – residential m2 n/a Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW 2.68 Total installed capacity MW 4.8 Number of heat sources - 2

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t lit t consumption - 180 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water – 7E TAM Maribor 1978 1.2 HFO good

2 VK Hot-water - 7E TAM Maribor 1978 1.2 HFO good

3 VK Hot-water - 7E TAM Maribor 1982 1.2 HFO out of order

4 VK Hot-water - 7E TAM Maribor 1982 1.2 HFO out of order

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: System of heating in Blace is consist of two local boiler stations, connected with pipeline; first, "Robna kuca" is LBS is in the basement of building, with no technical possibilities for new boilers and/or reconstruction and no available space for storage; second LBS " Apoteka" is situated 150m from first, near local Community premises, between two buildings; this LBS Page 28 of 164

DKTI (GIZ) Programme "Development of sustainable bioenergy market in Serbia", Survey and assessment of the actual usage of fuel of all district heating companies in Serbia and existing plans for short and mid-term investments, including those for fuel switch is completely out of order, most of consumers are disconnected from system, rest are supplied with heating from "Robna kuca"; tree school building are still connected to the system; due to leak of boilers, all remaining consumers have a very poor services; there is a good potential (ground on ca, 0.5 km distance) for completely new heat sources on biomass, with great potential for connecting new consumers and local hospital;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis

Boiler room "Robna kuca" entrance Boiler

Boiler plate Boiler room "Apoteka" entrance

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Stairs - Boiler room "Apoteka" Inside Boiler

Two buildings disconnected from system with LBS between; consumers preparing wood for heating;

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4.8. Bor

Bor is a town and municipality located in eastern Serbia, with one of the largest copper mines in Europe - RTB Bor. It has been a mining centre since 1904, when a French company began operations there. It is the administrative centre of the Bor District of Serbia. The population of the town is 34,160, while municipality has 48,615.

Company name JKP "TOPLANA", Bor Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 11,550 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 93 Total heating area m2 826,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 7,.000 Total heating area – residential m2 658,714 Total heating object – public buildings MW 115 Total heating area – residential MW 13 Total connected capacity MW 128 Total installed capacity MW 116 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - - - 45,000

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water TPK Zagreb 1986 58 coal good

2 VK Warm-water TPK Zagreb 1986 58 coal good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: This Heat source originally was energy plant for industry (mining and metallurgy complex); since 2002. energy plant becomes district heating company; there is one more local boiler station in suburban area with old "Neovulkan" manually feeding boilers running on coal; company authorities have idea to build on that location new LBS potentially running on biomass) and to connect around 300 private single houses; due to climate condition during winter, boilers are often in regime to operate without night breaks; dh system is old, without automatic regulation, most of

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

Heat source – front view Heat source landscape

Space reserved for coal Transport system

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Repair of boiler Part of coal transport system

Boiler grate Inside of boiler

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Repair of boiler Repair of boiler

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4.9. Čačak

Čačak is a city in west-central Serbia. Čačak lies on the Zapadna Morava River, which is the second largest river in Serbia after the Danube (308 km), and between Šumadija and the Dinaric Alps, in the Čačak-Kraljevo valley. It is the administrative centre of the Moravica District of Serbia. The population of the city itself is 73,331, while the population of the municipality is 115,337. Čačak is 144 km south of the capital city, Belgrade.

Company name JKP "ČAČAK", Čačak Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 7,966 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 29.5 Total heating area m2 506,373 Total heating object – public buildings m2 90,199 Total heating area – residential m2 416,174 Total heating object – public buildings MW 65.51 Total heating area – residential MW 2170 Total connected capacity MW 8721 Total installed capacity MW 101.3 Number of heat sources - 4

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 9,000,000 400 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK warm-water Kirka Suri 1996 10 gas/HFO very good

2 VK warm-water MIK-Montavar 2008 35 gas/HFO very good

3 VK hot-water Minel, Beograd 1999 5.8 gas very good

4 VK hot-water LOOS, Germany 1999 5.2 gas very good Šukom 5 VK hot-water 2004 2 HFO very good Knjaževac Viessmann, 6 VK hot-water 2007 4.5 gas very good Germany 7 VK hot-water Buderus 2007 5.2 gas/HFO very good

8 VK hot-water Buderus 2007 5.2 gas/HFO very good

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9 VK hot-water Buderus 2007 52 gas very good

10 VK hot-water Rielo 2010 0.35 gas very good

11 VK hot-water Rielo 2011 0.42 gas very good

12 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1979 2.3 HFO very good

13 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1979 2.3 HFO very good

14 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1979 2.3 HFO very good

15 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1978 1.07 HFO good

16 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1976 1.52 HFO good

17 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1980 1.8 HFO not for use

18 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1980 1.8 HFO not for use

19 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1980 1.8 HFO not for use

20 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1975 0.81 HFO not for use

21 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1985 0.81 HFO not for use

22 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1975 0.81 HFO not for use

23 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1976 0.81 HFO not for use

24 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1976 1.52 HFO good

25 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1976 1.52 HFO good

26 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1978 1.28 HFO good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES* * in existing LBS of Technical faculty, out of DHS

Observation and evaluation: main heat source is gasificated; new high efficiency boilers in good condition; there is an old high capacity coal LBS owned by ex-paper industry as well as connection pipes (previously part of energy was delivered from this LBS to DHS); current status of this LBS have to be checked; there is a technical possibility for reconstruction of this old LBS to become a biomass base-load source; there is also three more LBS, gas, gas/HFO or HFO fired, but with no possibility for introducing of biomass; there also a LBS owned by Technical faculty operating with coal; good potential for biomass usage with possibilities for connection new users around, who already have house heating installation, not connected to DHS because leak of production capacity; Page 36 of 164

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Toplana LBS "industrija"

LBS "FTN" Toplana

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HFO burner Connection Pipe to former paper industry

Boiler Hot water distribution

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4.10. Zemun ("EI")

Zemun is a historical town and one of the 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Before 1934, it was a town separate from Belgrade. The development of New Belgrade in the late 20th century joined them together in a continuous urban area.

Company name "ENERGETIKA I ODRŽAVANJE" (in the process of privatisation) Number of flats connected to DHSystem - n/a Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n/a Total heating area m2 55,500 Total heating object – public buildings m2 17,500 Total heating area – residential m2 38,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 4.40 Total heating area – residential MW 3.10 Total connected capacity MW 7.50 Total installed capacity MW 27.9 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 1,000 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER CAPACITY No MARK TYPE OF BOILER PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION MWth hot-water 1 VK-1 Danstoker 1982 9.3 HFO good DSV-VRH 8 hot-water 2 VK-2 Danstoker 1982 9.3 HFO good DSV-VRH 8 hot-water 3 VK-3 Danstoker 1982 9.3 HFO good DSV-VRH 8

Observation and evaluation: this LBS was originally belonged to the industrial complex within "EI – Electronic Industry"; LBS was three times oversized; subsequently buildings of suburban colony "Zemun Polje" was connected; today, LBS delivered only heating for housing, current capacity of 6 MW and projected growth of up to 10 MW in a next few years; some potential for connecting again some privatised factory around; HFO is still base fuel, despite the fact that the gas-line is laid up to the boiler room, because the problem of the ownership relations; the company is already five years in the privatisation process; boilers and all equipment are in excellent condition; there is already constructed place for the fourth boiler, potentially can be biomass, which would cover a base-load;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Boilers HFO reservoir

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4.11. Gornji Milanovac

Gornji Milanovac is a town and municipality located in central Serbia. The population of the town is 24,216, while the population of the municipality is 44,406.

Company name JKP "GORNJI MILANOVAC" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,115 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 14.32 Total heating area m2 55,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 1,500 Total heating area – residential m2 53,500 Total heating object – public buildings MW 9.00 Total heating area – residential MW 0.50 Total connected capacity MW 9.50 Total installed capacity MW 10.5 Number of heat sources - 2

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 1,200 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1978 3.75 HFO poor

2 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1978 3.75 HFO poor

3 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1978 1.75 HFO poor

4 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1978 1.28 HFO poor

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: there is two LBS; first in basement of building with two HFO old boilers in poor condition; second is in centre of town, delivering heating for local community building, court and one residential building; no possibility for reconstruction to biomass;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

LBS Available space

Equipment in LBS Boilers

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Boiler 1. with burner Boiler 2. with burner

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4.12. Jagodina

Jagodina is a city located in Serbia, 136 kilometres (85 miles) south of Belgrade, on the banks of Belica River. Its name stems from the word for strawberry in Serbian. It is the administrative centre of the Pomoravlje District of Serbia. The town has a population of 36,092 inhabitants, while the administrative area has 71,852.

Company name JP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Jagodina Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 6,115 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 52 Total heating area m2 374,641 Total heating object – public buildings m2 78,328 Total heating area – residential m2 296,313 Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW 76 Total installed capacity MW 55.7 Number of heat sources - 4

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 7,500,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK TPK Zagreb 1987 29 gas good VKLM-P25 Hot-water 2 VK Minel, Beograd 1980 14 gas good TE-112/V Hot-water Euroterm, 3 VK 1995 3.5 gas poor ETT 3500 Beograd Hot-water Euroterm, 4 VK 1995 3.5 gas poor ETT 3500 Beograd Hot-water Euroterm, 5 VK 2012 2.5 gas new ETT 2500 Beograd Hot-water Euroterm, 6 VK 2013 2 gas new ETT 2000 Beograd Hot-water 7 VK TAM Stadler 1986 1.25 gas poor ZV 1250

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation:: district heating system is completely gasificated, since 1983; there is no alternative fuel, which is great risk for production; biggest heat source is covering 80% of heat demand; modernised heat source, with boilers and equipment in good condition; tree small local boiler station are situated in centre of town, urban area, with no possibilities for biomass usage;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Main heat source Boilers

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Boiler LBS "Sarina"

LBS "Navip" - boiler LBS "Navip"

LBS "Kajsijar" LBS "Sarina"

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4.13. Kikinda

Kikinda is a town and a municipality in Serbia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is the administrative centre of the North Banat District. The town has 38,065 inhabitants, while the municipality has 59,453 inhabitants.

Company name JP "TOPLANA", Kikinda Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 3,150 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 15 Total heating area m2 221,574 Total heating object – public buildings m2 59785 Total heating area – residential m2 161,699 Total heating object – public buildings MW 20 Total heating area – residential MW 12 Total connected capacity MW 32 Total installed capacity MW 58.8 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 5,000,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK TPK Zagreb 1980 9.3 gas very good VKLM-8 Hot-water 2 VK TPK Zagreb 1980 9.3 gas very good VKLM-8 Hot-water 3 VK TPK Zagreb 1988 18.6 gas very good VKLM-8 Hot-water 4 VK EMO Celje 1983 6.98 gas very good SVN 6000 Hot-water 5 VK EMO Celje 1985 6.98 gas very good SVN 6000 Hot-water 6 VK EMO Celje 1978 3.49 gas very good SVN 3000 Hot-water 7 VK Ćuprija 1995 1.6 gas very good MIP 1600 Hot-water 8 VK Ćuprija 2004 1.8 gas very good MIP1800GF 9 VK Hot-water Hoval 2008 0.78 gas very good

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES * * potential also in geothermal energy

Observation and evaluation: System have 3 heat sources ("Centar", "Mikronaselje", "Hajduk Veljko"); all gas boilers are in very good condition; no interest for biomass, but great potential in geothermal energy considering that 3 wells already drilled (not in use – property of oil company);

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

DHC premises LBS

Boilers Boilers and pumps

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4.14. Kladovo

Kladovo is a town and municipality in the Bor District of eastern Serbia. It is situated on the right bank of the Danube River. The population of the Kladovo town is 8,913, while the population of the Kladovo municipality with surrounding settlements is 20,635 (2011 census).

Company name JP "JEDINSTVO", Kladovo Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,783 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 55.13 Total heating area m2 138,212 Total heating object – public buildings m2 46,974 Total heating area – residential m2 91,238 Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW 22.61 Total installed capacity MW 28.5 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 2,000 - 1,100

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water Đ. Đaković, S. 1 VK 1974 6.5 HFO poor S-1000 Brod Hot-water Đ. Đaković, S. 2 VK 1980 7.91 HFO poor S-1200 Brod Hot-water 3 VK Minel, Beograd 1998 8.7 HFO good TE 110 V Hot-water 4 VK EMO Celje 1984 1.1 coal poor APV 1100 Hot-water 5 VK EMO Celje 1984 1.1 coal poor APV 1100 Hot-water 6 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1993 1.6 coal good PR 1600 TV Hot-water 7 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1993 1.6 coal good PR 1600 TV

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: LBS "Brza Palanka" (3.2 MW) operating with coal, situated near transportation road, out of urban area; boilers in good condition; available storage space; suitable for biomass usage; second LBS "Pemci", (2.2 MW) also use coal is situated in the basement of the building; boilers in poor condition; replacement of the boiler possible, but not simple activity from technical side;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

LBS "Brza Palanka" Boiler

Filters Storage with coal

Page 50 of 164

Boiler Entrance in LBS "Pemci"

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4.15. Knjaževac

Knjaževac is a town and municipality situated in eastern Serbia, in the Timočka Krajina region bordering Bulgaria. The town is situated between three mountains. The municipality has a population of 30,902 inhabitants.

Company name JKP "TOPLANA", Knjaževac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 745 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 19 Total heating area m2 50,668 Total heating object – public buildings m2 11,230 Total heating area – residential m2 39,438 Total heating object – public buildings MW 5.32 Total heating area – residential MW 2.14 Total connected capacity MW 7.46 Total installed capacity MW 11 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal / wood Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 900 - - / 4,500 m3

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK Topling, Beograd 2007 5 HFO good Topling T500 Hot-water Kran inž., 2 VK 2013 2 wood very good TKKI - 2000 Knjaževac Hot-water Kran inž., 3 VK 2013 2 wood very good TKKI - 2000 Knjaževac Hot-water Radijator, 4 VK 1984 0.47 wood poor V.S. 475 Zrenjanin Hot-water Radijator, 5 VK 1984 0.47 wood poor V.S. 475 Zrenjanin Hot-water 6 VK Topling, Beograd 2008 1 wood very good Topling T1000

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: biggest LBS have 5 MW HFO boiler and 2x2 MW boilers (2013) on firewood, financed by local community; during winter, this two boilers are used mostly; HFO is reserve and support for extremely cold period; firewood is purchase from consumers by compensation for service invoice; firewood boilers are not equipped with automatics and efficiency are on very low level;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS Boiler

Page 53 of 164

Inside boiler Open storage for wood

Page 54 of 164

4.16. Kosjerić

Kosjerić is a town and municipality in Western Serbia. The municipality has 12,090 inhabitants, but the town itself has 3,992. The municipality's area is 359 square kilometres (139 sqare miles), with 26 villages mostly placed in the river valleys, though there are also some settlements in the mountains at altitudes of more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Kosjerić Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 240 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 20 Total heating area m2 22,800 Total heating object – public buildings m2 11,400 Total heating area – residential m2 11,400 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2.40 Total heating area – residential MW 3.00 Total connected capacity MW 5.40 Total installed capacity MW 7.5 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 450 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water Loss 2000 4 HFO good

2 VK Hot-water TIPO kotlogradnja 1997 3.5 HFO poor

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: boilers are in very good condition; a lot of available space for biomass storage; around town, there is a lot of forests and available firewood; replacement of one boiler with new biomass boiler is possible with good positive effects;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Page 55 of 164

Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS Part of distribution system

Boiler with burner

Page 56 of 164

4.17. Kovin

Kovin is a town and municipality in South Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 13,515, while the municipality has 33,722 inhabitants.

Company name TE "Controls" - Kovin Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 825 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 15.9 Total heating area m2 71,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 5,000 Total heating area – residential m2 66,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 0.8 Total heating area – residential MW 7 Total connected capacity MW 7.8 Total installed capacity MW 8 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption n/a - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot – water Loos 2005 4 gas very good

2 VK Hot - water Loos 2005 4 gas very good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential n/a fuel

Observation and evaluation: new gas fired LBS, private owner (majority of Company from Czech Republic); no possibility for biomass use;

Page 57 of 164

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Toplana "Controls" Boilers

Boilers and installation

Page 58 of 164

4.18. Kragujevac

Kragujevac is the fourth largest city in Serbia, the main city of the Šumadija region and the administrative centre of Šumadija District. It is situated on the banks of the river Lepenica. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 150,835 inhabitants, while administrative area has a population of 179,417.

Company name "ENERGETIKA" d.o.o Kragujevac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 19233 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 32.4 Total heating area m2 1,528,257 Total heating object – public buildings m2 505,260 Total heating area – residential m2 1,022,997 Total heating object – public buildings MW 209 Total heating area – residential MW 53 Total connected capacity MW 156 Total installed capacity MW 358 Number of heat sources - 8

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 6,000,000 9,000 - 120,000

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth "Termoelektro" 1 PK Steam 1961 31.5 gas good Bgd "Termoelektro" 2 PK Steam 1962 31.5 gas good Bgd 3 PK Steam "Minel" Beograd 1970 63 coal good

4 PK Steam "Minel" Beograd 1971 63 coal good

5 PK Steam "TPK" Zagreb 1981 115 coal good

6 VK Warm-water "Minel" Beograd 1977 6.6 gas/HFO good

7 VK Warm-water "Minel" Beograd 1977 6.6 gas/HFO good

8 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1979 7.7 gas/HFO good

9 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1976 7 HFO good

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10 PK steam "TPK" Zagreb 1967 2.57 gas/HFO good Đuro Đaković- 11 VK Warm-water 1967 0.7 HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 12 VK Warm-water 1967 0.7 HFO good S.brod 13 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1973 8.12 gas/HFO poor

14 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1979 7.7 gas/HFO good Đuro Đaković- 15 PK Steam 1966 1.92 HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 16 PK Steam 1966 1.92 HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 17 PK Steam 1966 1.92 HFO good S.brod 18 VK Hot-water Kirka 1994 0.3 gas very good

19 VK Hot-water Kirka 1994 0.3 gas very good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: production capacity oversized due to original aim of this energy plant – industrial power plant; main heat sources have five boilers (2x31.5 MW, 2x63 MW, 1x115 MW) originally running on coal; first two was gasificated with slightly reconstruction, but not in usage due to low efficiency; other two boilers still operating with coal mixture (coal from different mine`s) which caused usage of HFO as a support to coal burning; last and biggest boiler are using very rarely because specific coal requests for proper operation and oversized capacity; authorities have idea to purchase new gas only boiler for base load as well as to adjust firing support from HFO to gas; cost of this was estimated to 2 mil. € within "KfW-IV Project" for next year; possibilities for biomass usage is in co-firing; there is good potential to on first two boilers might to become a "biomass only" boilers with some reconstruction of furnace and corresponding equipment; a lot of available space for biomass storage; note: mixing of wood and coal by 10% is at least 10,000 t/year of biomass;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

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Heat source and administrative building Boiler’s room

Coal storage Old internal water cooling system

Coal mill Dosing of coal

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3rd Gallery of boiler Eco package

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4.19. Kraljevo

Kraljevo is a city in Serbia, built beside the river Ibar, 7 kilometres (4 miles) west of its confluence with the Western Morava. In 2011 the city has population of 68,749 (administrative area: 125,488). It is the administrative centre of the Raška District of Serbia.

Company name JP "TOPLANA", Kraljevo Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 8,510 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n/a Total heating area m2 515,290 Total heating object – public buildings m2 93,552 Total heating area – residential m2 421,738 Total heating object – public buildings MW 66.00 Total heating area – residential MW 27.00 Total connected capacity MW 93.00 Total installed capacity MW 85.7 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 7.000.000 1.100 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Warm-water 1 VK LOOS Austrija 2002 12.75 gas/HFO very good Loos UT-H 12750 2 VK Warm-water Buderus 2008 12 gas/HFO very good

3 VK Warm-water Buderus 2008 14.75 gas/HFO very good

4 VK Warm-water Buderus 2008 12 gas/HFO very good

5 VK Warm-water Buderus 2008 12 gas/HFO very good

6 VK Warm-water Buderus 2011 12 gas/HFO very good

7 VK Hot-water Danstoker 2001 4.25 HFO very good

8 VK Hot-water Danstoker 2001 4.25 HFO very good

9 VK TVV - 850 TVV Slovenija 1971 0.85 HFO poor

10 VK TVV - 850 TVV Slovenija 1971 0.85 HFO poor

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: total 10 boilers in three heat sources, all in good condition; combined gas/HFO burners; already contracted gasification for next year for all boilers currently used HFO (Project "KfW-IV"); no potential for using biomass;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long High No Further analysis

LBS Boilers

Boilers Part of installation

Page 64 of 164

4.20. Kruševac

Kruševac is a city and the administrative centre of the Rasina District, in Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the administrative area has a population of 128,752, while the town has 58,745.

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Kruševac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 8,265 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 42 Total heating area m2 445,194 Total heating object – public buildings m2 4,777 Total heating area – residential m2 440,418 Total heating object – public buildings MW 63.2 Total heating area – residential MW 60.1 Total connected capacity MW 123.3 Total installed capacity MW 90 Number of heat sources - 4

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 900,000 800 - 40,000

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water TPK Zagreb 1980 35 coal good

2 VK Warm-water TPK Zagreb 1980 35 coal good Viessmann, 3 VK Hot-water 2006 4.5 HFO good Germany Viessmann, 4 VK Hot-water 2006 4.5 HFO good Germany Viessmann, 5 VK Hot-water 2007 4.5 gas very good Germany Viessmann, 6 VK Hot-water 2011 4.5 gas very good Germany Neovulkan 7 VK Hot-water 1979 1.8 coal poor radijator

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Page 65 of 164

Observation and evaluation: there is four heat sources, central "Toplana" with higher capacity and three LBS; "Toplana" was heavily damaged during bombing 15 years ago, and repaired after that; some part of production equipment is still out of order (pre-heaters and heaters for combustion air etc) which caused losses/reducing of capacity (estimated 4MW per boiler); "Toplana" is equipped with two 30 MW boilers operating only with coal; great problem is different quality (sometimes and partical size) of coal during heating season (solved by mixing of coal from deferent sources on storage); a lot of available space around production object and storage; active railway also passes through coal storage; existing feeding system in good condition; good possibility for mixing biomass and coal with minor reconstruction of feeding and/or production system; on same location, there are two gas boilers, 16,5 MW each, but not in order due to problem in production during first year of exploitation; intention is to move this boiler on another (new) location; LBS "Bare" (six boilers with total capacity of 1,8MW in poor condition) have potential for biomass appliance with reconstruction and new boilers; this LBS is also great ecological problem; project of preliminary design with two 1 MW biomass boilers for "Bare"; also, FS for CHP biomass (IPA funds) available;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

Main heat source and offices Transportation of coal

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Coal storage with transportation system Boilers – top view

Coal daily bunker`s Boiler grate

LBS "Bare" Storage for coal

Page 67 of 164

4.21. Lazarevac

Lazarevac is a town and municipality located in Serbia at 44.22° North, 20.15° East. Its name stems from the name of medieval Prince Lazar Hrebeljanovic. In 2011 the town has total population of 25,526. Lazarevac is one of Belgrade's 17 municipalities and it is a part of the Sumadija region.

Company name JP "TOPLIFIKACIJA", Lazarevac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 6,259 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 26.13 Total heating area m2 440,728 Total heating object – public buildings m2 100,573 Total heating area – residential m2 340,155 Total heating object – public buildings MW 37.90 Total heating area – residential MW 11.20 Total connected capacity MW 49.10 Total installed capacity MW - Number of heat sources - 0

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth

1 PK Steam boiler Minel, Beograd n/a 45.6 / (60 t/h) coal n/a

2 PK Steam boiler Minel, Beograd n/a 45.6 / (60 t/h) coal n/a

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel NO

Observation and evaluation: Town of Lazarevac is supplied with thermal energy from coal drier facility "Vreoci"; connection is performed with overhead pipeline (diameter 450 mm); DH Company purchasing thermal energy on very low price – cannot be reached in any kind of own production;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Heating pipeline Construction work on pipeline

Page 69 of 164

4.22. Leskovac

Leskovac is a city in southern Serbia. It is the administrative centre of the Jablanica District of Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city has 60,288 inhabitants, while the Municipality has 144,206.

Company name JKP "TOPLANA", Leskovac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 3,720 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 18.6 Total heating area m2 315,492 Total heating object – public buildings m2 111,838 Total heating area – residential m2 203,654 Total heating object – public buildings MW 15 Total heating area – residential MW 34 Total connected capacity MW 49 Total installed capacity MW 47.5 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 2,700 - 7,500

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK TE-15 Minel, Beograd 1986 15 coal poor

2 VK TE-10 Minel, Beograd 1980 3.5 coal poor

3 VK TE-10 Minel, Beograd 1980 3.5 coal poor Đuro Đaković- 4 VK Optimal 1000 1976 6.5 HFO poor S.brod Đuro Đaković- 5 VK Optimal 1000 1976 6.5 HFO poor S.brod Đuro Đaković- 6 VK Optimal 1000 1976 6.5 HFO poor S.brod 7 VK Superac Ivar 2007 3 HFO very good

8 VK Superac Ivar 2007 3 HFO very good

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: there is three LBS; biggest is "Crvena zvezda" with 22 MW (2 x3.5 MW + 1x15 MW) installed capacity, operating only with coal; dislocated HFO LBS "Dubočica" (19.5 MW) is 38 years old; in best technical condition is HFO LBS "S-17" (6,6MW); project for reconstruction of 12 km of pipelines is at the end; next year modernization of 70 substation will start; plan of authorities is to build completely new LBS located on south part of the city; also, intention is to replace two smaller boiler in LBS "Crvena zvezda" with one new - 10 MW HFO fired boiler; very good possibilities for using biomass with existing systems in "Crvena zvezda", especially in two smaller capacity boilers, or in co-firing in higher installed capacity;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test

Main heat source Boiler No 3

Grate – boiler 1 Detail of grate

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Boilers - Top view Concrete bunkers for coal

LBS "S-17" HFO boilers

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4.23. Loznica Loznica is a city located in western Serbia, in the Mačva District. It lies on the right bank of the Drina river. In 2011 the town had a total population of 19,572, while the administrative area had a population of 79,327.

Company name JKP "TOPLANA", Loznica Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 2,727 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 18.97 Total heating area m2 219,096 Total heating object – public buildings m2 77,971 Total heating area – residential m2 141,125 Total heating object – public buildings MW 11 Total heating area – residential MW 20 Total connected capacity MW 31 Total installed capacity MW 36 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 4,000,000 50 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water Buderus 2012 8 gas/LFO very good

2 VK Warm-water Buderus 2012 8 gas/LFO very good MIP Timo, 3 VK Hot-water 2000 1.1 gas/LFO very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 4 VK Hot-water 2001 1.1 HFO very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 5 VK Hot-water 2002 1.1 HFO very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 6 VK Hot-water 2002 0.25 HFO very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 7 VK Hot-water 2002 0.25 HFO very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 8 VK Hot-water 2002 3.5 gas poor Ćuprija MIP Timo, 9 VK Hot-water 2003 4.5 HFO very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 10 VK Hot-water 2000 2 gas very good Ćuprija MIP Timo, 11 VK Hot-water 2001 3 HFO very good Ćuprija

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12 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1977 2 HFO poor

13 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1977 2 HFO good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: main gas fired heat source (16 MW) was put in operation during 2012; there is space reserved for new boiler as well as separate space reserved for CHP plant; interested for one new biomass boiler, considering that reserve fuel is LFO; good infrastructure and storage capabilities; there is also four small capacity LBS, three gasificated, last one will be shut-down; good cooperation with local authorities (financing from city budget);

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Short Low Further analysis

Main heat source Available space in boiler room

Boiler`s Boiler`s Page 74 of 164

4.24. Majdanpek

Majdanpek is a town and municipality in Bor District of Serbia. According to 2011 census, the municipality of Majdanpek had a population of 18,179 people, while the town of Majdanpek had a population of 7,367.

Company name JKP "KOMUNALAC", Majdanpek Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 2,473 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 65 Total heating area m2 152,664 Total heating object – public buildings m2 27,739 Total heating area – residential m2 124,925 Total heating object – public buildings MW 5 Total heating area – residential MW 18 Total connected capacity MW 23 Total installed capacity MW 31.2 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 2,700 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Warm-water 1 VK Minel, Beograd 1988 18.6 HFO good TE-114 Warm-water 2 VK Topling, Beograd 2005 12.6 HFO good TPR-180

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: both boilers are in good condition and oversized; peak load is around 20 MW; there are two more HFO old boilers in old par of building, out of order, possibility for replacement with biomass boilers; roof must be reconstructed on level of new part; space for biomass storage can be provided; authorities (local government and company) are interested for biomass;

Page 75 of 164

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Toplana "Majdanpek." Company board

Boiler`s Boiler`s with HFO burner`s

Distribution system Equipment disposition

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4.25. Mali Zvornik

Mali Zvornik is a town and municipality located in the Mačva District of Serbia. In 2011, the population of the town is 4,384, while the population of the municipality is 12,496. It lays opposite of the Drina river from the town of Zvornik, in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Company name JKP "DRINA", Mali Zvornik Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 395 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 24 Total heating area m2 31,900 Total heating object – public buildings m2 11,800 Total heating area – residential m2 20,100 Total heating object – public buildings MW 3.20 Total heating area – residential MW 1.60 Total connected capacity MW 4.80 Total installed capacity MW 6.4 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 750,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water TPK TPK Zagreb 1980 2.3 gas good

2 VK Hot-water TPK Zagreb 1986 2.3 gas good

3 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1991 1.8 gas good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: gas fired LBS are situated in the basement of the six floor building; originally HFO was used; 20 years ago gas was introduced; in cooperation with local authorities, new biomass LBS on other location was planned (project available); lend ownership was postponed due to flood in May 2014;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS entrance Boilers with burners

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4.26. Negotin

Negotin is a town and municipality in the Bor District of north-eastern Central Serbia. It is situated near the borders between Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria. It is the judicial centre of the Bor District. The population of the town is 16,716 while municipality has 36,879.

Company name JKP "BADNJEVO", Negotin Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,637 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 25.6 Total heating area m2 88,534 Total heating object – public buildings m2 9,477 Total heating area – residential m2 79,057 Total heating object – public buildings MW 1.7 Total heating area – residential MW 14.3 Total connected capacity MW 16 Total installed capacity MW 18 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal / wood Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 1,500 - 300 / 750 m3

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth hot-water Topling, 1 VK 2009 4.5 HFO good TK-4500 Beograd hot-water Topling, 2 VK 2008 4.5 HFO good TK-4500 Beograd Viessmann, 3 VK hot-water 2008 3.5 HFO very good Germany hot-water 4 VK EMO Celje 1978 1.86 HFO good SV 1600 hot-water 5 VK EMO Celje 1978 1.28 HFO good SV 1100 Vulkan, 6 VK Vulkan-super 1988 0.326 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Vulkan, 7 VK Vulkan-super 1988 0.326 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Vulkan, 8 VK Vulkan-super 1988 0.326 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Vulkan, 9 VK Neo-Vulkan III 1980 0.146 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Vulkan, 10 VK Neo-Vulkan III 1980 0.146 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Page 79 of 164

Vulkan, 11 VK Neo-Vulkan III 1970 0.146 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Vulkan, 12 VK Neo-Vulkan III 1975 0.227 coal/wood poor Zrenjanin Neo-Vulkan Vulkan, 13 VK 1970 0.277 coal/wood poor super Zrenjanin Neo-Vulkan Vulkan, 14 VK 1970 0.277 coal/wood poor super Zrenjanin

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES* * interested for biomass boiler in school

Observation and evaluation: there is five LBS with installed capacity from 1 to 12.5 MW ("Borska", "Veljko Vlahovic", school "Branko Radicivec", school "Vera Radosavljevic"); last LBS are in "shut- down" process and consumer will be connected to "Borska"; till end of 2014 in LBS "Veljko Vlahovic" will be installed new HFO boiler thru KfW Program; one boiler (3.5 MW) is in very poor condition and can be replaced with new biomass boiler; LBS in school "Branko Radicevic" have separate object with available space for biomass storage; it is possible to replace two boilers with new biomass and to keep third boiler as reserve;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Borska" Boiler`s

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4.27. Niš

Niš is the largest city of southern Serbia and the third-largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade and Novi Sad). It is the administrative centre of the Nišava District.According to the 2011 census, the city has population of 183,164, while urban area of Niš (with adjacent urban settlement of Niška Banja included) has 187,544 inhabitants, and population of metro area stands at 260,237 people, while the total population of all cities and villages that are located in the Niš county is 372,404 people.

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Niš Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 29,190 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 33 Total heating area m2 2,003,565 Total heating object – public buildings m2 382,400 Total heating area – residential m2 1,621,162 Total heating object – public buildings MW 76 Total heating area – residential MW 243 Total connected capacity MW 319 Total installed capacity MW 250 Number of heat sources - 12

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 30,000,000 2,200 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Đuro Đaković- 1 VK Warm-water 1976 34.58 gas/HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 2 VK Warm-water 1978 34.58 gas/HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 3 VK Warm-water 1985 58 gas/HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 4 VK 2500 Optimal 1977 15.87 gas/HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 5 VK 2500 Optimal 1981 16.96 gas/HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 6 VK 2500 Optimal 1984 16.96 gas/HFO good S.brod Đuro Đaković- 7 VK 2500 Optimal 1984 16.96 gas/HFO good S.brod Montavar - 8 VK MVKH - 14 2010 14 gas good Maribor Đuro Đaković- 9 VK 800 Optimal 1977 5.37 HFO good S.brod

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Đuro Đaković- 10 VK 800 Optimal 1984 5,.7 HFO good S.brod 11 VK SV 1300 EMO Celje 1977 1.3 HFO good Podvis 12 VK GU 1500 2000 1.5 HFO good Knjaževac 13 VK SV 500 EMO Celje 1976 0.5 HFO good

14 VK SV 500 EMO Celje 1976 0.5 HFO good

15 VK SV 1300 EMO Celje 1975 1.3 HFO good

16 VK SV 1300 EMO Celje 1975 1.3 HFO good

17 VK S825L - 1900 Buderus 2008 1.9 gas good

18 VK ZE 2000 TAM Stadler 1979 2 HFO good

19 VK ZE 2300 TAM Stadler 1980 2.3 HFO good

20 VK ZE 2300 TAM Stadler 1980 2.3 HFO good

21 VK Hot-water TAM Stadler 1973 2.3 HFO good

22 VK Hot-water TAM Stadler 1973 2.3 HFO good

23 VK Hot-water TAM Stadler 1973 2.3 HFO good

24 VK Hot-water MIP - TIMO 1997 4 HFO good Podvis 25 VK GU 750 2003 0.75 HFO good Knjaževac Podvis 26 VK GU 750 2003 0.75 HFO good Knjaževac 27 VK Logano SK 625 Buderus 2006 0.53 HFO good Podvis 28 VK GU 1250 1995 1.25 HFO good Knjaževac 29 VK SK 725 Buderus 2009 1.1 HFO good

30 VK ZV 850 TAM Stadler 1981 0.93 HFO good

31 VK Power plus B Beretta 2010 0.1 gas good

32 VK Power plus B Beretta 2010 0.1 gas good

33 VK Power plus B Beretta 2010 0.1 gas good

34 VK Power plus B Beretta 2010 0.1 gas good

35 VK Power plus B Beretta 2010 0.05 gas good

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: district heating system consist of 12 heat sources, different capacity (from 0.5 to 128 MW); three biggest object`s ("Jug", "Kriv vir", "Majakovski") is using gas as primarly fuel, HFO as alternative fuel; all other is operating on HFO ("Somborska", "Čair", "Institut", "Mokranjčeva", "Pantelej", "Knjaževačka", "Ardija", "Ledena stena I", "Pasi poljana"); all LBS are dislocated situated in urban area, some of them in the buildings; there is interest for using biomass, but it will required new location for it; LBS "Ardija" (2,8 MW) is a big problem due to local pollution and efficiency, potentially can be converted for using biomass, but only in form of pellets because available storage space;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis

Toplana "Jug" HFO storage

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Gas fired boiler LBS "Ardija"

LBS "Ardija" plate Location of "Ardija"

Boilers ("Ardija) LBS "Mokranjceva"

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LBS "Mokranjceva" LBS in the building "Pasi poljana"

Boilers in the LBS "Mokranjceva" Boiler in the LBS "Pasi poljana"

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4.28. Nova Varoš

Nova Varoš is a town and municipality in Zlatibor District of Serbia. The municipality of Nova Varoš has a population of 16,638, while the town of Nova Varoš itself has a population of 8,795 inhabitants.

Company name JP "3. SEPTEMBAR", Nova Varoš Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 722 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 24 Total heating area m2 51,988 Total heating object – public buildings m2 15,380 Total heating area – residential m2 36,608 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2.5 Total heating area – residential MW 6 Total connected capacity MW 8.5 Total installed capacity MW 6.6 Number of heat sources - 4

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 1,000 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK Minel, Beograd 1987 1.8 HFO poor TR - 2V Hot-water 2 VK EMO Celje 1987 1.8 HFO poor CV - 1600 Hot-water 3 VK Termore Mont 2008 2.2 HFO poor TEMAX - 3 Hot-water 4 VK MIP Timo, Ćuprija 2003 0.8 HFO poor MIP Timo

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely reconstruction of boiler room

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: there is four HFO LBS; the biggest is "Sloboda" equipped with three boilers; originally, coal was used as fuel; during 2006 reconstruction to HFO was made; grate was covered and HFO burner added; last coal boiler remain, but it is not in use; according to consumers capacity, two HFO boilers are enough for all temperatures; third is just reserve; coal storage is reduced because of HFO tank (90 tons), but still there is enough space for solid fuel; technically, old coal boiler can be prepared for biomass usage; boiler on HFO (reserve one) can be again reconstructed to original design, with some modification for biomass; that two boilers can cover around 75% of produced thermal energy during heating period; a lot of forests and woody industry around city; other three LBS have not technical possibility for biomass usage;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Sloboda" LBS .Sloboda"

HFO burner Inside boiler

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Boilers – top view Boiler plate

Pipe connection Inside boiler

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4.29. Novi Pazar

Novi Pazar is a city located in southwest Serbia, in the Raška District. Novi Pazar is the cultural centre of Bosniaks in Serbia and the historical region of Sandžak. As of the 2011 census, the population of the municipal area of Novi Pazar was 100,410, while the city itself had a population of 68,749.[4]

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Novi Pazar Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,250 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 6 Total heating area m2 101,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 29,000 Total heating area – residential m2 72,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 5.1 Total heating area – residential MW 11.0 Total connected capacity MW 16.1 Total installed capacity MW 19.4 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 1,700 - 1,000

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water Minel, Beograd 1972 7 HFO poor

2 VK Warm-water Minel, Beograd 1979 7 HFO poor

3 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1986 1.1 coal good

4 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1987 1.1 coal good

5 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1984 1.6 coal poor

6 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1985 1.6 coal poor

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boilers, with some modification in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential YES fuel

Observation and evaluation: there is three LBS ("Centralna", "Lug" and "Bor"); "Centralna" (or called also "Mazut"), have two times 7 MW HFO old boilers, in poor condition; there is possibility for expansion of existing object for one biomass boiler (up to 5MW), but not enough space for bigger storage then for 3 days of full operating; additional dislocated storage must be funded; LBS "Lug" have two boilers (1,6MW each) in poor condition; good possibility for co-firing of biomass and coal, or only biomass; minor modification of feeding system is possible; finding for LBS "Bor" is similar as for previous, with only difference that two boilers have smaller capacity (1,1MW each); local authorities are very interested for biomass usage, but preferred new biomass boilers/LBS;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible / Short / Long Low / Very High Further analysis and test Feasible

LBS "Mazut" Boilers with HFO burners

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LBS "Bor" System for coal dosing

LBS "Lug" LBS "Lug"

LBS "Lug" Coal feeding of the boiler

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4.30. Novi Sad

Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia, the administrative seat of the province of Vojvodina and of the South Bačka District. It is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain, on the border of the Bačka and Srem regions, on the banks of the Danube river, facing the northern slopes of Fruška Gora mountain. According to the 2011 census, the city has a population of 231,798, while the urban area of Novi Sad (with adjacent urban settlements of Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, and Futog included) has 277,522 inhabitants. The population of the metropolitan area (the administrative area of the city) stands at 341,625 people.

Company name JKP "NOVOSADSKA TOPLANA" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 90,912 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 75.76 Total heating area m2 4,593,825 Total heating object – public buildings m2 n/a Total heating area – residential m2 4,593,825 Total heating object – public buildings MW 253 Total heating area – residential MW 639 Total connected capacity MW 892 Total installed capacity MW 648 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 90,000,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth warm-water 1 VK TPK Zagreb 1978 9.3 gas very good VKLM-8 warm-water 2 VK TPK Zagreb 1985 9.3 gas very good VKLM-8 warm-water 3 VK TPK Zagreb 1978 9.3 gas very good VKLM-8 warm-water 4 VK TPK Zagreb 1981 58.15 gas good VKLM-50 warm-water 5 VK TPK Zagreb 1988 58.15 gas very good VKLM-50 warm-water 6 VK MONTAVAR 2008 140 gas very good VKLM-140 warm-water 7 VK TPK Zagreb 1978 9.3 gas very good VKLM-8 Page 92 of 164

warm-water 8 VK TPK Zagreb 1967 23.26 gas/HFO very good VKSM-20 warm-water 9 VK TPK Zagreb 1966 23.26 gas poor G-43 warm-water 10 VK TPK Zagreb 1968 23.26 gas/HFO very good VKSM-20 warm-water 11 VK Remming&Inv.Imp 2000 58.15 gas/HFO very good VKSM-50 warm-water 12 VK Remming 2003 58.15 gas very good MKVS-50 steam 13 PK TPK Zagreb 1981 48 / (8 t/h) gas/HFO very good BKG-80 warm-water 14 VK Minel Beograd 1969 18.61 gas poor TE-41 warm-water 15 VK Minel Beograd 1974 18.61 gas poor TE-41 warm-water 16 VK TPK Zagreb 1979 58.15 gas very good VKLM-50 steam 17 PK Termoelektro 1964 2.33 / 3.5 gas/HFO good TE-16 warm-water 18 VK Termoelektro 1964 9.3 gas/HFO poor TE-22 warm-water 19 VK Termoelektro 1965 9.3 gas/HFO poor TE-22 warm-water 20 VK Termoelektro 1968 13.96 gas/HFO poor TE-41 warm-water 21 VK Termoelektro 1968 13.96 gas/HFO poor TE-41 warm-water 22 VK TPK Zagreb 1978 2.33 gas good VKLM-2 warm-water 23 VK TPK Zagreb 1982 9.3 gas good VKLM-8 warm-water 24 VK TPK Zagreb 1978 2.33 gas/HFO not in use VKLM-2 warm-water 25 VK TPK Zagreb 1977 9.3 gas not in use VKLM-8 hot-water 26 VK EMO Celje 1986 0.81 HFO good SVN-700 27 VK hot-water BUDERUS 2009 1 gas very good hot-water 28 VK EMO Celje 1976 1.51 gas good SVN-1300

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: only possibilities for using biomass in DHS of Novi Sad is in gas fired LBS "Petrovaradin"; modernisation was done five years ago (KfW II Phase program); reserve fuel is LFO; authorities interested in one new biomass boiler for base load of this LBS (up to 4MW); existing boilers are oversized; enough space for biomass storage, with good infrastructure, near transportation road, far away from buildings; existing boilers will remain for reserve and peak load;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Toplana "Petrovaradin" Space for biomass storage

Gas fired boiler 9 MW Boiler plate

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Part of gas installation Circulating pump

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4.31. Obrenovac

Obrenovac is a town and municipality in northern Serbia. In 2011 the town had a population of 24,568, and the municipality of 71,419. Obrenovac is one of 17 municipalities that make up the greater Belgrade area. Largest Serbian thermal power plant TPP Nikola Tesla is located on the outskirts of the town

Company name JKP "TOPLOVOD", Obrenovac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 10,614 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 38.6 Total heating area m2 797,933 Total heating object – public buildings m2 145,309 Total heating area – residential m2 652,625 Total heating object – public buildings MW 32.26 Total heating area – residential MW 96.59 Total connected capacity MW 128.85 Total installed capacity MW - Number of heat sources - 0

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - - - -

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel NO

Observation and evaluation: DH Company does not have its own heat source, purchase thermal energy for heating town from the power plant;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

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4.32. Odžaci

Odžaci is a town and municipality in the West Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The town of Odžaci has a population of 8,795 people, while the population of the municipality of Odžaci is 30,196 people (2011 census).

Company name JKP "Odžaci" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - n/a Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n/a Total heating area of flats m2 n/a Total heating area connected to DHSystem m2 n/a Total heating object area connected to m2 n/a DHSystem Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW n/a Total installed capacity MW 5,5 Number of heat sources - 2

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 0 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK hot-water Đura Đaković 1970 0.7 HFO Good

2 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1970 1.45 HFO out of order

3 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1976 1.45 HFO Good

4 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1977 1.86 HFO Good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel NO

Observation and evaluation: there is two (low capacity) HFO LBS; both LBS are situated in the basement of buildings; till 2012 JKP "Odžaci" was, upon contract with LBS owners (tenants assembly), operate and maintenance with boilers; in last two years, there is no heating from this LBS; not feasible for biomass usage;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

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4.33. Pančevo

Pančevo is a city located in the southern part of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in Republic of Serbia. Pančevo is located on the banks of the Danube and Tamiš, in the southern part of Banat, and it's the administrative headquarters of the city of Pančevo and the South Banat District. Pančevo is the fourth largest city in Vojvodina by population. According to preliminary results of the census of 2011, in Pančevo live 76,203 people. According to the official results of the year 2011, in the city of Pančevo are living 123,414 inhabitants.

Company name JKP "GREJANJE", Pančevo Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 11,683 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 47 Total heating area m2 801,817 Total heating object – public buildings m2 159,390 Total heating area – residential m2 642.,27 Total heating object – public buildings MW 20 Total heating area – residential MW 85 Total connected capacity MW 105 Total installed capacity MW 114 Number of heat sources - 2

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 15,000,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water "Minel" Beograd 1979 5 gas

2 VK Warm-water "Minel" Beograd 1979 10 gas

3 VK Warm-water "Minel" Beograd 1986 10 gas

4 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1987 23 gas

5 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1984 23 gas

6 VK Warm-water "TPK" Zagreb 1984 7 gas

7 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1980 1.28 gas

8 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1983 2.907 gas

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9 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1974 1.745 gas

10 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1977 1.744 gas

11 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1990 2 gas

12 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1977 2 gas

13 VK hot-water Šukom Knjaževac 2004 4 gas

14 VK hot-water MIP Ćuprija 2007 5 gas

15 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1989 1 gas

16 VK hot-water KIRKA 1992 3.5 gas

17 VK hot-water KIRKA 1992 4 gas

18 VK hot-water KIRKA 1992 1.2 HFO

19 VK hot-water MIP Ćuprija 2005 4 gas

20 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1978 0.5 LFO

21 VK hot-water TAM Maribor 1980 0.8 gas

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely reconstruction of boiler room

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: Heat sources "Kotež" (53MW) and "Sodara" (25MW); there is empty space in "Kotež" for one more boiler as well as enough space for biomass storage, smokestack and filter facility; all existing gas fired boilers will remain; authorities are very interested in this proposal; in "Sodara" no possibilities for biomass;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Page 99 of 164

Toplana "Kotez" Space for new boiler

Toplana "Kotez II" Toplana "Sodara"

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4.34. Pećinci

Pećinci is a village and municipality in Syrmia District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The village has a population of 2,571, while Pećinci municipality has 19,675 inhabitants.

Company name JKP "SAVA", Pećinci Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 101 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 12 Total heating area m2 19,002 Total heating object – public buildings m2 13,533 Total heating area – residential m2 5,469 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2.77 Total heating area – residential MW 0.66 Total connected capacity MW 3.43 Total installed capacity MW 3.9 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 500,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water Termomont 2006 2.5 gas very good

2 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1979 1.4 gas poor

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: there is one gas operating LBS with two boilers (total capacity 3,9MW); one boiler is in good condition, other in poor; there is enough space in LBS for one biomass boilers as well as available space for biomass storage; authorities interested for introducing of biomass in heat production;

Page 101 of 164

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Pećinci" Available space

part of instalation in LBS Boilers with burners

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4.35. Petrovac na Mlavi

Petrovac na Mlavi is a town and municipality located in the Braničevo District of Serbia. In 2011, the population of the town is 7,229, while population of the municipality is 30,325.

Company name KJP "IZVOR", Petrovac na Mlavi Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 364 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 14 Total heating area m2 50,134 Total heating object – public buildings m2 30,490 Total heating area – residential m2 19,644 Total heating object – public buildings MW 4.5 Total heating area – residential MW 3 Total connected capacity MW 7.5 Total installed capacity MW 9.3 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 750 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth hot-water 1 VK EMO Celje 1978 2.32 HFO poor SV 2000 hot-water 2 VK EMO Celje 1979 3.43 HFO good SV 3000 hot-water 3 VK EMO Celje 1988 3.49 HFO good SV 3000

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: company is in charged for all utility services; one LBS supplied heating majority for business and public consumers and 370 flats; lot of requests for disconnecting due to high price of service; local authorities have plan to build new LBS on other location, but no fund even for FS; originally plans for existing LBS was to be coal fired, but during process of construction, it was switched to HFO; one boiler have to be reconstructed or replaced with new; there is also place for one

Page 103 of 164

DKTI (GIZ) Programme "Development of sustainable bioenergy market in Serbia", Survey and assessment of the actual usage of fuel of all district heating companies in Serbia and existing plans for short and mid-term investments, including those for fuel switch more boiler; best solution might be to replace one old boiler, use also available space, with biomass boiler (up to 5 MW) which can operate as base load, and to keep other two existing as a reserve and for peak`s; potentially enough space around object for biomass storage (unused part of bus station is property of local authorities); pellets factory is located at 1,5 km from LBS; potentially supplier for biomass in row condition (wood chips);

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Company plate LBS in Petrovac

Boiler plate Boilers

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Back side of heat source Underground HFO storage

Pre-insulated pipes Potential space for biomass storage

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4.36. Pirot

Pirot is a town and municipality located in south-eastern Serbia. According to 2011 census, the town has a total population of 38,785, while the population of the municipality is 57,928. The town is the administrative centre of the Pirot District.

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Pirot Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 2,600 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 18 Total heating area m2 200,378 Total heating object – public buildings m2 60,528 Total heating area – residential m2 139,850 Total heating object – public buildings MW 12.8 Total heating area – residential MW 29.5 Total connected capacity MW 42.3 Total installed capacity MW 50 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 4,000 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK GU 350 Podvis Knjaževac 1997 3.5 HFO good

2 VK ZV3500 TAM Maribor 1988 3.5 HFO good

3 VK ZV3500 TAM Maribor 1988 3.5 HFO Good

4 VK MIP3000CF MIP Ćuprija 2001 3 HFO very good

5 VK TZG10833 Toplota-Zagreb 1975 3 HFO very good

6 VK SVN2500 EMO Celje 1984 2.9 HFO good

7 VK Toplota ZG Toplota-Zagreb 1974 3 HFO Good

8 VK TH-TV3500 Toplota-Zagreb 1990 3.5 HFO very good

9 VK GU350 Podvis Knjaževac 1997 3.5 HFO good

10 VK MIP3000CF MIP Ćuprija 2001 3 HFO good

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11 VK TH-TV3500 Toplota-Zagreb 1987 3.5 HFO good

12 VK TH-TV3500 Toplota-Zagreb 1987 3.5 HFO out of order

13 VK ZV 2300 TAM Maribor 1981 3.5 HFO Good

14 VK ZV 2300 TAM Maribor 1981 3.5 HFO Good

15 VK TH-TV3500 Toplota-Zagreb 1990 1.8 HFO Good

16 VK TH-TV3500 Toplota-Zagreb 1990 1.8 HFO Good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: district heating system consist of five LBS ("Centrala", "ATP", "Bujica", "Sud" and "Senjak"); the biggest is new LBS "Senjak" with total capacity of 27.5 MW, realized by KfW project (year 2010.); long term plan is to spread the net and to shut-down other LBS; first will be realized till end of year; however, there is technical possibilities and enough space for biomass storage to improve system with boiler running on biomass in "Senjak" (up to 5 MW), which can operate as a base load; municipal authorities are interested to reconstruct several individual boiler station (out of DHS), in schools and kindergartens, in poor condition, operating with LFO to woody biomass; gas pipeline "Juzni tok" will pass nearby Pirot; potentially, with new burners, gas is another option for primarily fuel;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Page 107 of 164

Company plate Germany cooperation plate

Disposition of pipelines New heat source "Senjak"

Equipment and boilers Boilers

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Water-conditioning instalation Boiler with burner

LBS "Bujica" Boilers in LBS "Bujica"

Page 109 of 164

4.37. Požarevac

Požarevac is a city in eastern Serbia. It is located between three rivers: Danube, Great Morava and Mlava. It is the administrative centre of the Braničevo District of Serbia. In 2011, the city had a population of 44,183 and its municipal area 75,334.

Company name JP "TOPLIFIKACIJA", Požarevac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 7,669 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 52 Total heating area m2 605,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 166,000 Total heating area – residential m2 439,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 35 Total heating area – residential MW 60 Total connected capacity MW 95 Total installed capacity MW - Number of heat sources - 0

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: DH Company does not have its own heat source, purchase thermal energy for heating town from the power plant;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

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4.38. Priboj

Priboj is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of Serbia. The population of the town is 14,920, while the population of the municipality is 27,133.

Company name FAP "STAN" doo, Priboj (in restructuring) Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,605 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 28 Total heating area m2 157,369 Total heating object – public buildings m2 68,771 Total heating area – residential m2 88,598 Total heating object – public buildings MW 15.5 Total heating area – residential MW 19.5 Total connected capacity MW 35 Total installed capacity MW 54 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 2,500 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Warm-water Đ. Đaković, Sl. 1 VK 1977 29 HFO out of order > 140 °C Brod Warm-water Đ. Đaković, Sl. 2 VK 1986 25 HFO poor > 140 °C Brod

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: old industry LBS; "FAP" factory not operating, so LBS purpose is only for heating objects in city; capacity oversized (55 MW); authorities have interest to exclude LBS from privatisation process and to replace boilers with new biomass boilers (7-10 MW);

Page 111 of 164

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Priboj" Landscape with LBS

HFO storage position HFO burner

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Boiler No 1 – out of order Boiler No 2

Page 113 of 164

4.39. Prijepolje

Prijepolje is a town and municipality in the Zlatibor District of Serbia. The municipality of Prijepolje has a population of 37,059 people, while the town itself has a population of 13,330.

Company name JKP "LIM", Prijepolje Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 616 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 18 Total heating area m2 157,369 Total heating object – public buildings m2 68,771 Total heating area – residential m2 88,598 Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW n/a Total installed capacity MW 6.5 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 800 - 800

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Warm-water EMO Celje 1986 0.5 coal good Radijator 2 VK Hot-water 1995 0.69 coal good Zrenjanin 3 VK Warm-water EMO Celje 1.86 HFO good

4 VK Warm-water Tamstadler 3.5 HFO good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: system consist of five LBS, two operating with coal and three with HFO; LBS "Valter" have great problem with often flood`s; originally was coal fired, reconstructed to HFO; in very poor condition; consumers installed capacity over 7 MW; best solution is to shut down this LBS and to connect consumers to other heat source; HFO LBS "Gimnazija" (3.5 MW) is owned by school, Page 114 of 164

DKTI (GIZ) Programme "Development of sustainable bioenergy market in Serbia", Survey and assessment of the actual usage of fuel of all district heating companies in Serbia and existing plans for short and mid-term investments, including those for fuel switch but also delivered heating to residential consumers; available space in LBS for one more boiler as well as enough space for expansion of object for one more biomass boiler (up to 7 MW); best solution for connection with 500 m away LBS "Valter"; this might solve problem with other three small capacity coal operating not so far LBS ("Apoteka", "Pijaca" and "Opstina"); good potential for new consumers; local authorities stated readiness for investing in pipeline for all mention connecting; there is also LBS "Stadion breg" (3.8 MW), already reconstructed from coal to HFO; high interest of company and local authorities for biomass;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Gimnazija" Boilers

Burners Boiler plate

Page 115 of 164

LBS "Sloboda" LBS "Pijaca"

Page 116 of 164

4.40. Ruma

Ruma is a town and municipality located in Vojvodina, Serbia at 45.00°N 19.83°E. In 2011 the town had a total population of 30,076, while Ruma municipality had a population of 54,339.

Company name JP "STAMBENO", Ruma Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,895 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 24.77 Total heating area m2 138,985 Total heating object – public buildings m2 33,559 Total heating area – residential m2 105,426 Total heating object – public buildings MW 10.7 Total heating area – residential MW 11.8 Total connected capacity MW 22.5 Total installed capacity MW 26.5 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 500,000 1,800 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK Topling, Beograd 2009 3 HFO good TK - 3000 Hot-water 2 VK Topling, Beograd 2010 3 HFO good TK - 3000 Hot-water 3 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1975 2.1 HFO good TH - 180 Hot-water 4 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1975 2.1 HFO good TH - 180 Hot-water 5 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1971 0.75 HFO poor TH - 65 Hot-water 6 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1974 0.75 HFO poor TH - 65 Hot-water 7 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1972 0.75 HFO good TH - 65 Hot-water 8 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1973 0.75 HFO poor TH - 65 Hot-water 9 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1972 0.75 HFO poor TH - 65

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Hot-water 10 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1972 0.75 HFO poor TH - 65 Steam 11 PK Minel, Beograd 1991 6.5 HFO good T - 109 Hot-water Boris Kidrič, 12 VK 1990 3.5 gas/HFO good TVT - 3500 Maribor Šukomaks 13 VK Hot-water 1995 0.58 gas good Knjaževac Šukomaks 14 VK Hot-water 1995 0.58 gas good Knjaževac Hot-water MIP Timo, 15 VK 2007 0.35 gas good MIP-350TV Ćuprija 16 VK Hot-water Dikolere, Italija 2002 0.3 gas good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: four small capacity LBS are situated in the basement of the buildings; biggest LBS "Rumen" of 6,5MW are situated in industry object (private owner); there is available space for new biomass boiler and storage, but the problem might be ownership;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Rumen" Boiler gas installation

Page 118 of 164

HFO burner Boiler

Pipeline connection Circulation pumps

Page 119 of 164

4.41. Šabac

Šabac is a city in western Serbia, along the Sava river, near the mountain Cer, in the region of Mačva. It is the administrative centre of the Mačva District. The city has a population of 70,164, while population of the administrative area is 115,884. Šabac acquired city rights in 2007, after a partial restructuring of local government in Serbia.

Company name JKP "TOPLANA", Šabac Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 7,605 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 39.2 Total heating area m2 470,278 Total heating object – public buildings m2 100,246 Total heating area – residential m2 370,031 Total heating object – public buildings MW 19 Total heating area – residential MW 54 Total connected capacity MW 73 Total installed capacity MW 70 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 8,000,000 300

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 PK Steam BKGV-175 TPK Zagreb 1986 14 gas/HFO good

2 PK Steam BKGV-175 TPK Zagreb 1986 14 gas/HFO good

3 PK Steam BKGV-175 TPK Zagreb 1991 14 gas good Warm-water 4 VK LOOS 2003 8.2 gas/HFO very good UTH 8200 Warm-water 5 VK LOOS 2003 8.2 gas/HFO very good UT-H 8200 Warm-water 6 VK LOOS 2003 8.2 gas very good UT-H 8200 7 VK Hot-water SV 900 EMO Celje 1986 1.1 HFO poor

8 VK Hot-water SV 900 EMO Celje 1986 1.1 HFO poor Condensing 9 VK Weishaupt 2011 0.29 gas very good WTC-GB-300A Page 120 of 164

Condensing 10 VK Weishaupt 2011 0.29 gas very good WTC-GB-300A

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: Heat sources "Trkalište" (42 MW) and "Benska banja" (24 MW) are using gas and boilers are in very good condition; boilers in HFO LBS "Janko Veselinović" are in poor condition, but situated in the basement of the building; no possibilities for biomass boiler; feasibility study (EBRD) for CHP plant will be finished in next few months;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

LBS "Janko Veselinović" in the building Boiler

Page 121 of 164

Boilers HFO tank

Page 122 of 164

4.42. Smederevo

Smederevo is a city in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 45 kilometres (28 miles) downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 64,105, and 108,209 people live in its administrative area. Smederevo is the seat of the Podunavlje District.

Company name JP "SMEDEREVO" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 4,922 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 22.5 Total heating area m2 301,400 Total heating object – public buildings m2 43,000 Total heating area – residential m2 258,400 Total heating object – public buildings MW 7.3 Total heating area – residential MW 36.4 Total connected capacity MW 43.7 Total installed capacity MW 68 Number of heat sources - 12

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 4,500 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth o SV 1.100 EMO 1 VK Hot-water >110 C n/a 1 HFO good (3pcs) Celje SV 1.300 EMO 2 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 1.3 HFO good Celje SV 1.600 EMO 3 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 2 HFO good (4 pcs) Celje SV 2000 EMO 4 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 2 HFO good (3 pcs) Celje SV 1.600 EMO 5 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 2 HFO good (7 pcs) Celje SV 2.500 EMO 6 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 2.5 HFO good Celje SV 3.000 EMO 7 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 3 HFO good (2 pcs) Celje SV 4.000 EMO 8 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 4 HFO good Celje

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Hot-water 110ºC 9 VK (2 pcs) MIP 2500 Ćuprija n/a 2.5 HFO good Hot-water 110ºC 10 VK (2 pcs) MIP 4000 Ćuprija n/a 4 HFO good TAM 1600 11 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 1.6 HFO good Maribor TAM 2000 12 VK Hot-water 110ºC n/a 2 HFO good Maribor

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: DH system of this town is consisting of 13 not connected LBS; boilers are between 10 and 40 years old; all LBS are operating on HFO despite that gas is introduced in industry; LBS "Papazovac" first few years used gas, but after problems it was reconstructed to HFO; all LBS are in urban area, most of them in the basement of the building; no possibility for using biomass in any of them; there is also a lot of other LBS on HFO, but not owned of DH Company; there is a good potential for using biomass in new 2 km dislocated area, industry zone; permanently solution will be to build new heat source on biomass, on 2 km dislocated from centre of town, construct pipeline net and to shut down most of existing LBS; there is also a question about good positioned gas fired new LBS (25 MW), owned by company "Želvoz", in the process of privatisation; possibility for heat from industry is also from ironworks industry, but with not jet regulated status/ownership;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis

Company office building LBS plate

Page 124 of 164

Boiler with burner Boiler tube

Boilers Boiler back side

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4.43. Sombor

Sombor is a city located in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city has a total population of 47,623 (as of 2011), while its administrative area (including neighbouring villages) has 85,903 inhabitants. It is the administrative centre of the West Bačka District.

Company name JKP "ENERGANA", Sombor Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 3,979 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 22.52 Total heating area m2 276,120 Total heating object – public buildings m2 61,123 Total heating area – residential m2 206,997 Total heating object – public buildings MW 12 Total heating area – residential MW 21 Total connected capacity MW 33 Total installed capacity MW 35.7 Number of heat sources - 6

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 4,000,000 250

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Warm-water Viessmann, 1 VK 2008 10 gas very good M238-025 Germany Warm-water Viessmann, 2 VK 2008 10 gas very good M238-025 Germany Warm-water Viessmann, 3 VK 2008 10 gas very good M238-025 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 4 VK 2010 1.1 gas very good Vitoplex 200-SX Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 5 VK 2010 1.1 gas very good Vitoplex 200-SX Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 6 VK 2005 0.72 gas good Vitoplex 100 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 7 VK 2005 0.72 gas good Vitoplex 100 Germany Hot-water 8 VK EMO Celje 1990 0.584 HFO poor SVN 500 Hot-water 9 VK EMO Celje 1990 0.584 HFO poor SVN 500 Hot-water 10 VK TVT Maribor 1990 0.85 HFO poor TVP 850

Page 126 of 164

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: Toplana "Sombor" was put in operation two years ago, financed thru KfW Phase III Program; there is place for one more boiler; authorities are interested for biomass boiler, but financing might be problem because high credit debt of Company; there is also two gas fired LBS and three more in the basement of the buildings, capacity from 1 to 2 MW;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Sombor" Equipment disposition schema

Boilers Available space

Page 127 of 164

4.44. Srbobran

Srbobran is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town is located on the north bank of the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal. The town has a population of 12,009, and the municipality of 16,317

Company name JP "GRADITELJ", Srbobran Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 177 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 3.00 Total heating area m2 n/a Total heating object – public buildings m2 7,729 Total heating area – residential m2 n/a Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW n/a Total installed capacity MW 6,9 Number of heat sources -

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 700,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-Oil Termopak 1 VoK Đ.Đaković S.Brod 1981 4.6 gas good 4000 Hot-Oil Termopak 2 VoK Đ.Đaković S.Brod 1982 2.3 gas good 4000

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel NO

Observation and evaluation: low capacity gas fired LBS; not feasible for biomass usage;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Page 128 of 164

4.45. Sremska Mitrovica

Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province, Serbia, on the left bank of the Sava river. As of 2011 the town had a total population of 37,751, while Sremska Mitrovica administrative area had a population of 79,940. It is the administrative centre of the Syrmia District of Serbia.

Company name JKP "TOPLIFIKACIJA", S. Mitrovica Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 3,343 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 22 Total heating area m2 259,889 Total heating object – public buildings m2 79,306 Total heating area – residential m2 180,583 Total heating object – public buildings MW 10.4 Total heating area – residential MW 24.4 Total connected capacity MW 34.8 Total installed capacity MW 8.8 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 500,000 500 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water Topling TK2500 2010 2.5 HFO very good

2 VK Hot-water Topling TK3000 2005 3 HFO very good

3 VK Hot-water Topling TK200 2005 0.2 gas/HFO very good Hot-water MIP-TIMO, 4 VK 2004 1.8 gas/HFO very good MIP 1800TV Ćuprija Hot-water 5 VK Toplota, Zagreb 1973 0.58 gas/LFO poor TV-500 Hot-water MIP-TIMO, 6 VK 2003 0.5 gas/LFO very good MIP 500TV Ćuprija 7 VK Condensing Bereta 100M 2009 0.1 gas very good

8 VK Condensing Bereta 100S 2009 0.1 gas very good

Page 129 of 164

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: DH Company one part of required thermal energy is buying from another company ("Panonske elektrane"), from the production plant equipped with boiler (9MW, one year old), operating on biomass (sunflower shell); there is 3 own LBS ("Stari most", "KPD", "Stevan Sremac") operating on HFO / gas; the construction of new gas boiler (5MW) is in progress; existing boiler on same location (LBS "Stari most") will remain as reserve and pick-load;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis

Filters for biomass boiler Monitoring of boiler production

New LBS under construction Old pipes

Page 130 of 164

Biomass boiler Biomass boiler

LBS "Stari most" Boiler

Page 131 of 164

4.46. Subotica

Subotica is a city in northern Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following Novi Sad. It is also the fifth largest city in Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the city itself has a population of 97,910, while the urban area of Subotica (with adjacent urban settlement of Palić included) has 105,681 inhabitants, and the population of metro area (the administrative area of the city) stands at 141,554 people.

Company name JKP "SUBOTIČKA TOPLANA" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 10,205 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 25 Total heating area m2 798,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 235,000 Total heating area – residential m2 563,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 35.3 Total heating area – residential MW 72.7 Total connected capacity MW 108 Total installed capacity MW 85 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 12,500,000 400 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK TPK Zagreb 1987 58 gas/HFO very good VKLM 58 Hot-water 2 VK TPK Zagreb 1988 23 gas/HFO very good VKLM 23 Steam 3 PK Minel, Beograd 1974 .. / (20 t/h) HFO/gas good TE - 112/p Steam 4 PK Minel, Beograd 1977 .. / (20 t/h) HFO good TE - 112/p

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely reconstruction of boiler room

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: trough KfW Phase III Project Fusibility Study for CHP Plant (5 MWe + 10 MWth) with agriculture biomass was realised; investment out of 30 mil Euro; so far no interested investors; at the beginning of 2014 new management was appointed – no interest for this project or for biomass at all (because of cost and transportation a large amount of biomass through town); however, there is an old production building; old boilers are already dismantled and there is good possibilities for installation of new biomass heat only boiler as well as storage space for biomass; estimated capacity of new boiler, according to existing infrastructure is between 5 and 10 MW;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Old production building Available space

Very high ceiling Flue duct

Chimney Space for biomass boiler

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Space for biomass boiler Space for biomass boiler

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4.47. Temerin Temerin is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Temerin town has a population of 19,613, and Temerin municipality 28,287.

Company name JKP "TEMERIN" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 267 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 3 Total heating area m2 33,663 Total heating object – public buildings m2 21,188 Total heating area – residential m2 12,475 Total heating object – public buildings MW 1.6 Total heating area – residential MW 2.3 Total connected capacity MW 3.9 Total installed capacity MW 8.8 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 700,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water 1 VK EMO Celje 1976 1.28 gas poor SVN 1100 Hot-water 2 VK EMO Celje 1977 1.28 gas good SVN 1100 Hot-water 3 VK EMO Celje 1977 1.28 gas good SVN 1100 Hot-water 4 VK EMO Celje 1974 1.28 gas poor SVN 1100 Hot-water 5 VK EMO Celje 1979 1.28 gas good SVN 1100 Hot-water 6 VK EMO Celje 1982 2.33 gas poor SVN 2000

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel n/a

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Observation and evaluation: low capacity gas fired LBS; not feasible for biomass usage;

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4.48. Trstenik

Trstenik is a town and municipality located in the Rasina District of Serbia. According to 2011 census, the population of the town is 15,329, while population of the municipality was 42,989. It lies on the West Morava. The town is known for its industry of hydraulics and pneumatics company, Prva Petoletka. There is also the small Trstenik Airport near the town.

Company name JKP "ENERGETIKA", Trstenik Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 3,230 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 50.47 Total heating area m2 184,319 Total heating object – public buildings m2 39,613 Total heating area – residential m2 144,706 Total heating object – public buildings MW 7.5 Total heating area – residential MW 29.4 Total connected capacity MW 36.9 Total installed capacity MW 70 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 3,300 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Warm-water Đuro Đaković, 1 VK 1981 35 HFO good VTG-35 S. Brod Warm-water Đuro Đaković, 2 VK 1988 35 HFO good VTG-35 S. Brod

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: there is a central heat source with two 35 MW HFO boilers; this LBS is double oversized considering that originally it was heat source for industry zone (production is stopped except in one part); there is two possible solutions; first: to replace one boilers with new biomass boiler and to keep other HFO boiler as reserve; second: to remain this heat source as it is for industry purpose and as reserve production capacity and to build on other locations (up to four) smaller new Page 136 of 164

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

heating plant and HFO storage Boiler

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Repairing of the boiler Boiler

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4.49. Ub

Ub is a town and municipality located in the Kolubara District of Serbia. In 2011, the population of the town is 6,164, while population of the municipality is 29,022.

Company name JKP "ENERGO" - Ub Number of flats connected to DHSystem - n.a Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n.a Total heating area m2 6,000 Total heating object – public buildings m2 5,000 Total heating area – residential m2 1,000 Total heating object – public buildings MW 1.8 Total heating area – residential MW 1.4 Total connected capacity MW 3.2 Total installed capacity MW 3.5 Number of heat sources - 3

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - - 25.000 250

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water n/a n/a 0.8 LFO good

2 VK Hot-water n/a n/a 0.45 coal good

3 VK Hot-water n/a n/a 0.45 coal good

4 VK Hot-water n/a n/a 0.45 coal good

5 VK Hot-water n/a n/a 1 coal new

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: there is two LBS, both within school`s; first "Tehnička škola" (1.4 MW) operating with coal and second "Gimnazija" (0.8 MW) - LFO; third LBS are new, still not operating; designed fuel is coal; project of pipeline available, but problem with finance;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Gimnazija" LBS "Tehnička škola"

Coal storage School plate

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4.50. Užice

Užice is a city in western Serbia, located at the banks of the Đetinja river. It is the administrative centre of the Zlatibor District. The administrative area has a total population of 78,040, while the city itself has a population of 59,747 (2011 census).

Company name JKP "TOPLOTA", Užice Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 5,728 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 28 Total heating area m2 397,485 Total heating object – public buildings m2 92,230 Total heating area – residential m2 305,255 Total heating object – public buildings MW 13.8 Total heating area – residential MW 45.8 Total connected capacity MW 59.6 Total installed capacity MW 43 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 4,000,000 2,500 - 400

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Hot-water Viessmann, 1 VK 2007 7.8 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 2 VK 2007 7.8 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 3 VK 2007 7.8 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 4 VK 2007 3.9 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 5 VK 2007 3.9 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 6 VK 2007 3.9 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany Hot-water Viessmann, 7 VK 2007 3.9 gas/HFO good Vitomax 200 Germany 8 VK Tk400 Topling, Beograd 2008 4 HFO good

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: four out of five LBS are relatively new and gasificated, with HFO as reserve fuel; the biggest, LBS "Lipa" (23 MW) is five years old; "Senjak" have two boilers (3.9 MW each), "Aleksića most" one (3.9 MW) and "K-05" two boilers (4 MW each); old LBS "Zlatibor" (15 MW) is situated in the basement of building in centre of the town; boilers are for replacement: no possibilities for biomass usage; local authorities already start process for new LBS near central bus station which designed for gas/HFO; some possibility for biomass, but leak of available space can be problem;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS "Zlatibor" in the basement Boiler

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Boler Inside Boiler – burner tube

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4.51. Valjevo

Valjevo is a city located in western Serbia. It is the centre of the Kolubara District, which includes five other smaller municipalities with a total population of almost 175,000 people. According to the census in 2011, the administrative area of Valjevo has 90,312 inhabitants, of which 59,073 were urban.

Company name JKP "TOPLANA", Valjevo Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 4,121 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 19.76 Total heating area m2 299,484 Total heating object – public buildings m2 74,781 Total heating area – residential m2 224,703 Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW 39.3 Total installed capacity MW 86.4 Number of heat sources -

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 3,500 - 400

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Radijator, 1 VK Hot-water 1969 0.221 coal poor Zrenjanin Radijator, 2 VK Hot-water 1969 0.221 coal poor Zrenjanin 3 VK Hot-water Megal, Bujanovac 1994 0.075 coal poor Termo-Solar, 4 VK Hot-water 2002 0.1 coal good Valjevo Termomont 5 VK Hot-water 2002 0.16 coal out of order Šimanovci 6 VK Hot-water Šukoplam 2002 0.2 coal good MIP-TIMO, 7 VK Hot-water 2003 0.4 HFO good Ćuprija 8 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1974 0.4 HFO poor MIP-TIMO, 9 VK Hot-water 2006 0.5 HFO good Ćuprija

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10 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1979 1.5 HFO poor MIP-TIMO, 11 VK Hot-water 2005 1.8 HFO out of order Ćuprija MIP-TIMO, 12 VK Hot-water 2008 0.5 HFO very good Ćuprija MIP-TIMO, 13 VK Hot-water 2010 0.3 HFO very good Ćuprija 14 VK Warm-water Reming, Novi Sad 2007 30 HFO very good Kirka-Suri, 15 VK Warm-water 2012 50 HFO new Beograd

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: main heat source (two boilers, total 80 MW) is new, operating with HFO; gasification is planned; shutdown of many low capacity LBS, operating on HFO and coal, are in progress; LBS "27 novembar" is only bigger (3.3 MW), HFO boilers in poor condition, situated in the basement of the building; no possibility for biomass of future gasification;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Main heat source Monitoring and control

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Burner Air chanels

Boiler Boiler accessory

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4.52. Velika Plana

Velika Plana is a town and municipality located in the Podunavlje District of Serbia. In 2011, the population of the municipality is 40,578 (i.e. in the town proper, 16,078 inhabitants).

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", V. Plana Number of flats connected to DHSystem - n/a Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 0 Total heating area m2 42,942 Total heating object – public buildings m2 20,399 Total heating area – residential m2 22,543 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2.8 Total heating area – residential MW 3.8 Total connected capacity MW 6.6 Total installed capacity MW 9.2 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 800,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth Warm-water 1 VK Loos international 2004 3.05 gas very good > 120 °C Warm-water 2 VK Loos international 2004 3.05 gas very good > 120 °C Warm-water 3 VK Loos international 2004 3.05 gas very good > 120 °C

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: only one LBS, in the basement of building, equipped with 3 gas boilers in very good condition (10 years old); no available space for biomass storage; potential only for new LBS on another location;

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle Very high Further analysis

Location of LBS LBS Entrance

LBS top view Boilers and burners

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4.53. Vranje Vranje is a city located in southern Serbia. The population of the city administrative area is 83,524, while the urban area has 55,138 people. It is the administrative centre of the Pčinja District of Serbia and the southernmost settlement which is in an official category of a city (grad). It is located on the Pan-European Corridor X, close to the borders with Macedonia and Bulgaria.

Company name JP "NOVI DOM", Vranje Number of flats connected to DHSystem - n/a Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n/a Total heating area m2 114,645 Total heating object – public buildings m2 49,145 Total heating area – residential m2 65,500 Total heating object – public buildings MW 7.5 Total heating area – residential MW 10.5 Total connected capacity MW 18 Total installed capacity MW 27 Number of heat sources - 6

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 2,500 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1989 3.29 HFO good

2 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1989 3.29 HFO good

3 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1989 3.29 HFO good

4 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1989 3.29 HFO good

5 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1987 1.029 HFO good

6 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1987 1.029 HFO good

7 VK hot-water Biasi Italija 1989 1.3 HFO good

8 VK hot-water MIP Ćuprija 2006 1.2 HFO good

9 VK hot-water EMO Celje 1989 1.3 HFO good

10 VK hot-water Šukom Knjaževac 2009 4 HFO good

11 VK hot-water Šukom Knjaževac 2009 4 HFO good

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely reconstruction of boiler room

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation:: district heating consist of four not-connected local boiler station "Blok banka-pošta", "Česalj", "Viktor Bubanj", "Centar MZ" and two smaller LBS for single buildings ("Stoparica" and "Vojni soliter"); pollution from LBS in centre of town is extremely high; some parts of pipeline is reconstructed and water losses reduced; good potential for LBS "Češalj" for completely reconstruction to biomass; existing LBS, with new connection between net`s, will remain as reserve or for „pick`s" over base load; a lot of new consumers (building with oven heating installation) as well as new local hospital can be connected which can doubled consumer capacity; there is enough space around "Češalj" for biomass storage;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasibly Middle High Further analysis

LBS"Blok banka-posta" in basement of the building Entrance - stairs

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Approach to LBS Boilers

Repairing of the boiler Boiler tube detail

LBS "Češalj" Available space around LBS "Češalj"

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Boilers Boiler plate

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4.54. Vrbas

Vrbas is a city and municipality located in Serbia at 45.57°N 19.65°E, in the South Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. In 2011 the city had a total population of 24,112, while the municipality had 42,092.

Company name JKP "STANDARD" - RJ "EKOTERM" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 1,209 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 15.3 Total heating area m2 77,452 Total heating object – public buildings m2 11,674 Total heating area – residential m2 65.,789 Total heating object – public buildings MW 2 Total heating area – residential MW 10 Total connected capacity MW 12 Total installed capacity MW 16.5 Number of heat sources - 5

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 130,000 1,500 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1986 3.49 HFO good

2 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1978 1.16 HFO good

3 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1978 1,16 HFO good

4 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1990 2.325 HFO good

5 VK Hot-water EMO Celje 1990 0.812 HFO poor Viessmann, 6 VK Hot-water 2011 1.12 HFO very good Germany 7 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1976 1.74 HFO good

8 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1980 1.74 HFO good

9 VK Hot-water Toplota, Zagreb 1980 1.74 HFO good Viessmann, 10 VK Hot-water 2002 1.12 gas good Germany

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Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

Observation and evaluation: there is five LBS, all in the basement of the buildings, total capacity from 1.2 MW to 7MW ("Soliter", "Blok 18", "Sava Kovacevic", "Koprivica" and "Blok 106"); there is no possibility for replacement of the boilers; three of them are very near (inside circle of diameter 800 m); local authorities are very interested for new LBS on biomass which can shut-down all five existing LBS; available location on 1 km distance;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

LBS in the basement of the building Boiler and burner

Boiler detail Boiler and equipment

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4.55. Zaječar

Zaječar is a city in the eastern part of Serbia. According to the 2011 census the town has a population of 59,461.

Company name JKSP "ZAJEČAR" Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 3,412 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 26.7 Total heating area m2 245,309 Total heating object – public buildings m2 57,098 Total heating area – residential m2 188,210 Total heating object – public buildings MW 7.7 Total heating area – residential MW 29.7 Total connected capacity MW 37.4 Total installed capacity MW 34 Number of heat sources - 4

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption - 4,500 - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 PK Steam T-118 Minel, Beograd 1979 18 HFO good Hot-water 2 VK Topling, Beograd 2013 4.5 HFO good > 110 °C Hot-water 3 VK Topling, Beograd 2013 2.5 HFO good > 110 °C Hot-water 4 VK Topling, Beograd 2013 4.5 HFO good > 110 °C Hot-water 5 VK Topling, Beograd 2013 2.5 HFO good > 110 °C Hot-water 6 VK Topling, Beograd 2013 1.6 HFO good > 110 °C

Technical possibilities for using of biomass in existing boiler room but with new boiler(s)

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES

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Observation and evaluation: privatization was done twice; very complicated situation; city/company are waiting Court decision; today operating with external heat source from industry and two LBS; HFO LBS "Kraljevica" (7 MW), which supply with heating school and kindergarten, have potential for boiler replacement and biomass storage; HFO LBS "Ključ" (7 MW) originally was equipped with coal boilers; great coal storages still existing; a lot of available space inside object as well as around; good infrastructure for biomass; existing boilers might remain for reserve and peak load; good potential for new consumers; there is also new LBS "Popova plaža", with installed boilers (2x16MW); this LBS are still unfinished because bankrupt of previous owner "Moravia" from Czech Republic;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Feasible Middle High Further analysis

Unfinished new LBS New boilers

LBS "Ključ" Empty available space

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Existing boiler Storage

Boilers Available space – back entrance

LBS "Kraljevica" Underground HFO storage

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Repair of the boiler Boiler detail

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4.56. Žitište

Žitište is a town and municipality in Central Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 2,898, while Žitište municipality has 16,786 inhabitants.

Company name JKSP "EKOS", Žitište Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 177 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % n/a Total heating area m2 n/a Total heating object – public buildings m2 11,017 Total heating area – residential m2 n/a Total heating object – public buildings MW n/a Total heating area – residential MW n/a Total connected capacity MW 4.4 Total installed capacity MW 6 Number of heat sources - 4

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 750,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth 1 VK Hot-water Ventilator, Zagreb 1983 1.6 gas good

2 VK Hot-water Ventilator, Zagreb 1983 0.7 gas good

3 VK Hot-water Libela, Celje 1983 0.7 gas good

4 VK Hot-water Libela, Celje 1983 0.7 gas good

5 VK Hot-water Libela, Celje 1983 0.7 gas good

6 VK Hot-water Ventilator, Zagreb 1983 1.6 gas good

Technical possibilities for using of biomass NO POSSIBILITIES

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel NO

Observation and evaluation: low capacity gas fired LBS; not feasible for biomass usage;

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

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4.57. Zrenjanin

Zrenjanin is a city located in the eastern part of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is the administrative centre of the Central Banat District. The city's population is 76,511, while the Zrenjanin county has 123,362 inhabitants (2011 census data).

Company name JKP "GRADSKA TOPLANA", Zrenjanin Number of flats connected to DHSystem - 7,928 Percentage of flats connected to DHSystem % 28 Total heating area m2 580,095 Total heating object – public buildings m2 143,328 Total heating area – residential m2 436,767 Total heating object – public buildings MW 22 Total heating area – residential MW 70 Total connected capacity MW 92 Total installed capacity MW 70 Number of heat sources - 1

Fuel(s) gas HFO LFO coal Average annually Sm3 t l t consumption 11,000,000 - - -

MAIN DATA FOR BOILER TYPE OF CAPACITY No MARK PRODUCER YEAR FUEL CONDITION BOILER MWth La Mont Kessel 1 VK Warm-water 2010 35 gas very good GmbH La Mont Kessel 2 VK Warm-water 2010 35 gas very good GmbH

Technical possibilities for using of biomass completely new boiler room on other location

Authorities stated interest for biomass as potential fuel YES * * Interested only for biomass CHP

Observation and evaluation: before 2001 company was purchased thermal energy from CHP plant "Zrenjanin"; due to very high prices of thermal energy, own gas fired production plant was constructed (KfW – III Phase Program);

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Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Toplana "Zrenjanin"

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5. Recapitulation of evaluation (table)

Period of No TOWN Biomass Cost Recommendation realisation 1. Bačka Palanka Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis Very Short Low Further analysis and test 2. Bajina Bašta Feasible Very Short Low Further analysis and test 3. Batočina Feasible 4. Bečej Feasible Middle High Further analysis 5. Beočin Feasible Middle High Further analysis Very Short Low 6. Beograd Feasible Further analysis and test Feasible Middle High 7. Blace Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis Very Short Low Further analysis and test 8. Bor Feasible 9. Čačak Feasible Middle High Further analysis 10. EI Zemun Feasible Middle High Further analysis 11. Gornji Milanovac Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 12. Jagodina Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 13. Kikinda Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis Very Short Low Further analysis and test 14. Kladovo Feasible 15. Knjaževac Feasible Middle High Further analysis 16. Kosjerić Feasible Middle High Further analysis 17. Kovin Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis Very Short Low Further analysis and test 18. Kragujevac Feasible 19. Kraljevo Not Feasible Long High No Further analysis Very Short Low Further analysis and test 20. Kruševac Feasible 21. Lazarevac Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis Very Short Low Further analysis and test 22. Leskovac Feasible 23. Loznica Feasible Short Low Further analysis 24. Majdanpek Feasible Middle High Further analysis 25. Mali Zvornik Feasible Middle High Further analysis 26. Negotin Feasible Middle High Further analysis 27. Niš Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis 28. Nova Varoš Feasible Middle High Further analysis Very Short Low 29. Novi Pazar Feasible Further analysis and test Feasible Long Very High

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30. Novi Sad Feasible Middle High Further analysis 31. Obrenovac Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 32. Odžaci Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 33. Pančevo Feasible Middle High Further analysis 34. Pećinci Feasible Middle High Further analysis 35. Petrovac na Mlavi Feasible Middle High Further analysis 36. Pirot Feasible Middle High Further analysis 37. Požarevac Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 38. Priboj Feasible Middle High Further analysis 39. Prijepolje Feasible Middle High Further analysis 40. Ruma Feasible Middle High Further analysis 41. Šabac Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 42. Smederevo Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis 43. Sombor Feasible Middle High Further analysis 44. Srbobran Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis Sremska Not Feasible Long Very High Further analysis 45. Mitrovica 46. Subotica Feasible Middle High Further analysis 47. Temerin Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 48. Trstenik Feasible Middle High Further analysis 49. Ub Feasible Middle High Further analysis 50. Užice Feasible Middle High Further analysis 51. Valjevo Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 52. Velika Plana Feasible Middle Very high Further analysis 53. Vranje Feasibly Middle High Further analysis 54. Vrbas Feasible Middle High Further analysis 55. Zaječar Feasible Middle High Further analysis 56. Žitište Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis 57. Zrenjanin Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

Legend:

Biomass Period of realisation Cost Recommendation Very Feasible Short Low Further analysis and test Feasibly Middle High Further analysis Not Feasible Long Very High No Further analysis

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6. CONCLUSIONS

Conducted visits to all district heating systems in Serbia confirmed that level of knowledge and information of the local authorities and especially at DH Companies management about possibilities for usage of biomass as a fuel for production of thermal energy is quite satisfactory.

Especially, this is evident in cities which district heating systems which using HFO ("mazut") as the primary fuel. The cost of production of thermal energy using fuel oil is in range from 80 to 100

€/MWhth, leading DHC in a completely unsustainable business. In cities like Priboj, Novi Pazar, Nova Varoš, Prijepolje, Negotin, Zaječar, Vrbas, Negotin, Knjaževac, Kosjerić, Trstenik, Smederevo, Petrovac na Mlavi, Vranje etc. existence of companies and their sustainability can be ensured only by using of biomass as a fuel (wood chips) , in the shortest possible period of time (less than 3 years).

Second group of cities make those who use coal as the primary fuel. That cities are: Kragujevac, Bor, Kruševac, Leskovac, Bajina Bašta, Brza Palanka, Ub, Negotin, Batočina and other. Similarity in shape and in some technical characteristics allows further analysis and testing in real condition and full production in existing boilers, primarily a mixture of coal and biomass in a specific proportion. Having in mind that even small share of biomass in co-firing in Kragujevac, Bor, Leskovac and Kruševac can contribute to increasing of the share of biomass usage significantly. For example, replacement only 20% of coal and substitution of it with biomass is around 40,000 tons, which will give positive economic and environmental effects.

Third group of cities make those cities which using natural gas as the primary fuel in district heating systems, but expressed a good will to introduce a biomass in part of the production (Pančevo, Sombor, Loznica, Beočin, Subotica, Beograd etc).

Last group of town has relatively new gas fired boilers, small capacity. There is no interest to use biomass or it is not feasible.

Assessment of fuel price in next period:

Fuel oil ("mazut") - can be expected to be require (by legislative) usage of low sulphur fuel oil in a large amount; should bear in mind that domestic refineries have limited capacity for production of this type of fuel, which price is higher than standard fuel oil, and that some import must be provided, which will increase the cost of procurement for at least 5-10%; furthermore, at long-term, there is a risk for prohibition of the use fuel oil as a energy source in DHS. Natural gas - it is realistic to expect that the price will be increased every year for at least the realised inflation rate (5-7% per year), with an additional increase due to rising prices in the market, according to the trend expressed in recent years; Biomass - considering that woods is domestic natural resource and expected formation of biomass markets, which is necessary for a stable long-term supply and commitment of DHC to use biomass, it can be expected that the price will be stable and in a ranges from 42 to 45 €/t. The introduction of standards and establishment of biomass market will result in stable prices and even might slightly decline of it around 5%; long term price can be calculate around 40 €/t.

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