Indonesia's Foreign Policy

ௐ 1 ഇ! ࢱ 91-115! 2020 ѐ/ߋ؞ཱི !ס έ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώ! ௐ 16 Taiwan International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 91-115 Spring 2020

印尼的外交政策－ ࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼

ࡰ஽ܲ ૩̋ࡊԫ̂ጯ̳ВᙯܼၱᇃӘրઘି଱

ၡ ࢋ

Оκҋ 1945 ѐ፾ϲҌ̫۞γϹ߆ඉĂд።Їᓁ௚۞͹߆˭Ăᔵ ѣ̙ٙТĂҭӮͽĶ፾ϲķ׶Ķ᎕ໂķࠎᆊࣃ८͕Ąώኢ͛дኢڱү ᛂΙᏚᄃᛂݣћ׌Ҝૻˠᓁ௚۞γϹ͹ૺĂ݈۰۞ژࢗॡֶॡԔ̶ ۰۞Ķາ৩ԔγϹķޢπᏊćפăҘ၆ԩ̚ՐڌĶ̙ඕ༖γϹ߆ඉķд ᛂݣћॡഇ۞γϹүࠎు႙ͽˠޢ݋дડા߆ඉ̚ವՐચ၁͹ཌྷĄд ОκĶ΍֕ᓑژăડાЪүࠎ෦ՐĄ͛ϐඊ۰̶ܜᝋăϔ͹ăགྷᑻј Ъ઼ķĞٕߏ˘ਠϡᄬĶੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼ğ۞γϹགྷរĂүࠎ၆ͧĶέ ă̚රϔ઼ᄃᓑЪ઼ķ۞ᙯܼĂᖣͽᗃ୻ጯந˯۞ᄱྋĄ៉

ᙯᔣෟĈ̙ඕ༖ྻજăາ৩ԔγϹăБ஧ঔ˯คቢăĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 92

壹、前言

ă઼ڼछӀৈă઼छϫᇾăгቡ߆઼ٺՙפՏ˘઼࣎छ۞γϹ߆ඉౌ າ፾ϲ۞઼छ҃֏Ăᒔ଀઼छ፾ϲ۞࿅ޢጼ˟ٺछ።ΫࡦഀඈЯ৵Ă҃၆ छ۞γϹ߆ඉĄώኢ͛ଣ੅Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉĂᇆᜩО઼ז඀˵ົۡତᇆᜩ ߶ă͉πޘ߷ă፫߷׌̂ౙᄃОֲٺκγϹ߆ඉЯ৵Β߁ጼரҜཉĞҜ఍ ඈĄޘטڼ߶׌̂߶̝มğă·֖۞͇൒ăˠ˧ྤ໚ăˠ˾ඕၹͽ̈́ۤົ߆ થĂ҃ߏགྷ።ᄃఈᜋതϔϓ઼มၝםՀࢦࢋ۞ߏОκ۞፾ϲ̙ߏགྷ࿅׶π ধ۞ጼ੽࿅඀Ą ่ͽ༊̫Оκጼரࢍထ઼̝छܜഇ൴णࢍထĞ2005-25ğă઼छ̚ഇ൴ णࢍထĞՏ̣ѐ˘ഇğ̚ᄃγϹ࠹ᙯ۞ඉரઇ˘ೡࢗĂ֭ͽѩኢࢗОκγ ྋОκγϹ߆ඉѣٙ݀ࢨĄॲፂОκγϹొĞMinistry˞ٺϹ߆ඉ̰உĂ၆ of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia, 2019a, 2019bğĈ

д઼ᅫ઼̰ࡦഀ˭ĂОκૻ̼˞дᗕᙝăડા׶кᙝᙯܼ̚۞γϹ னĄᑕྍ఼࿅િ၁۞ᗕᙝγϹᙯܼΐૻОκдкᙝ׶ડાγϹܑ͞ ߷ă࡚߷׶ܧࢬ۞Ӆ˧ĄОκ۞γϹ߆ඉ૟᎕ໂವՐԼචᄃֲ͉ă Հ੼۞ͪπĂͽ၁ன઼छ۞ӀৈĄזለ߷઼छ۞ᙯܼĂ֭૟׎೩̿ ឰ઼ᅫ˞ྋОκдЧ઼γϹ߆ඉ˯ߏ˘࣎ࢦࢋЯ৵ĄγϹ߆ඉᑕྍ ߍд઼̰൴Ϡ۞ϔ͹តࢭĂϏֽѣυࢋૻአٙѣӀৈԾᙯ͚͞޺ͅ ׶ણᄃѣड़۞ОκγϹ߆ඉĂͽૻ̼Оκд઼ᅫгҜ۞ࢦࢋّĄ

߷Чᅳા۞ᗕᙝ׶ડાܧγϹొ۞ϫᇾĈԼච׶ΐૻОκᄃֲ͉׶ ᙯܼᄃЪүćԼචОκᄃ઼࡚׶ለ߷Ч઼छ׶௡ᖐ۞ᗕᙝᙯܼ׶Ъ үćд౹ౄ઼ᅫ׶πᄃщБĂܳซ׶᜕ܲˠᝋͽ̈́൴णགྷᑻĂۤົ Ă̍ຽĂԸྤ׶᜕ܲۢᙊயᝋ͞ࢬĂԷႊٽᏉĂᒖဩĂ෶ܛ̼͛Ă Հ᎕ໂ֎Ғͽૻ̼ડા׶кᙝᅳાЪүćд઼छ׶઼ᅫۤົม೩ֻ िឰӀৈԾᙯ͞ਕ˞ྋОκ۞γϹ߆ඉĂ౹ౄՀΐϒࢬ۞ܫ໤ቁ۞ ࢬ˯۞߆ඉેҖඈĄޘטОκԛ෪ćͽ̈́׎΁

ኜαঔ࠰໤۞˘ਠّࣧٸОκγϹ߆ඉጼரϫ۞Ҭͼ่ߏٺ߱ᙯ݈ ݋Ă၆நྋОκγϹ߆ඉӄৈ̙̂ĄࣆߏОκγϹొܜઙপᏚĞRetno Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 93

ഇ۞γϹ͹ૺĂϺӈĶ፾ܜ৸ࡗႊᓾॡĂᛚࢗ˞ОκٺMarsudiğд 2017 ѐ ϲķ׶Ķ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ߆ඉĂͽ̈́༊̫ОκγϹ߆ඉ۞α̂ᐹАϫ۞Ă̶ ҝдγ઼۞Оκ̳ϔăૻ̼གྷᑻ൴णͽ̈́اҾߏ᜕ܲᅳ˿۞Ԇፋّă᜕ܲ ,ૻ̼Оκдડા׶Б஧۞֎ҒĂՀਕࡎពОκ۞γϹ͹ૺĞyoutube 2017/9/25ğĄઙপᏚٙૻአ۞Ķ፾ϲķ׶Ķ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ߆ඉ׎၁ߏҋОκ Ҍ̫۞γϹ͹ૺĂ௣տᔘޢҌ̫ 70 ѐ۞γϹࣧ݋Ąࢋ˞ྋОκ፾ϲޢ፾ϲ അགྷ።࿅ژߏࢋАநྋОκᒔ଀፾ϲ۞࿅඀Ąώኢ͛дኢࢗ̚ĂֶॡԔ̶ ᛂݣћॡഇ۞ޢതϔགྷរ۞ᛂΙᏚᄃᛂݣћ׌Ҝૻˠᓁ௚۞γϹ͹ૺĂд ˘ОκĶ΍֕ᓑЪ઼ķĞٕߏژᓁ௚γϹүࠎ݋ͽΩ˘߱རኢࢗĄ͛ϐГ̶ Ķέ៉ă̚රϔ઼ᄃژਠϡᄬĶੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼ğ۞γϹགྷរĂүࠎ၆̶ͧ ᓑЪ઼ķ۞ᙯܼĄ

貳、印尼獨立與蘇卡諾時期「獨立」與「積極」的外交主張

થᒔ଀፾ϲĄםĂ౅࿅ᄃതϔ઼छ۞؂Оκ̙֭ည੺ֽҘֲٕߏາΐ ٺعጼഇม۞ 1942 ѐĂОκซˢ˞ˬѐΗ۞͟ώҫᅳॡഇĄд͟ώ߆˟ 1945 ѐ 8 ͡ 15 ͟ކο൑୧ІԸࢫޢĂОκ౵௣д 8 ͡ 17 ͯ͟ࢬކο፾ϲĄ Ԟᘃഅགྷѣ۞Ѝၷॡڱ͹ཌྷҬͼ൑઼ޓѐĂఈᜋ 350 ܕОκڼఈᜋ௚ٺϤ ྅ࠎЩࠁᅋ࢕ฤซˢОκĂఈᜋڠࡻ઼ͽྋੵ͟ώޢᄃӀৈ۬ඕĂ˟ጼג ॡސ݋ͽ༖࢕Щཌྷ൳ౙОκĂОκ྾ซˢαѐ۞ఈᜋΚᅳ̈́Оăఈ࢕ְ၆ Ăۋ྅੽ڠтң྿ј፾ϲ̶ࠎ׌ࠁĂ˘ࠁ͹ૺٺഇĄОκ۞ϔ୉͹ཌྷ۰၆ Оఈᗕ͞྿غΩ˘ࠁ݋้Шͽኘҿ྿ј፾ϲĞOsborne, 2017: 173ğĄ1946 ѐ ᛉĻĞLinggadjati AgreementğĂఈᜋٚᄮОκ၆ͬݝă੺ౌםΐϑ೩ڒјĺ ރඍᘷҖְֹ၁˯۞ᝋ˧ĂОκ݋ٚᄮ૔ᘲ߷ă಻΁ཏफăᛂٛܝٛăᛂ ϲͽఈᜋ̃ͳࠎࢵ۞ĶఈОޙĂ֭ТຍטఈᜋଠצҘ׶੺ጆΟཏफඈг̪ ଀ৌϒ፾ϲ֭౅࿅ଯજᓑפᓑ֣ķĞWikipedia, 2019ağĄдఈᜋ̙ᙸឰОκ ࡦഀ˭ĂఈᜋᖣϤ 1947 ѐ 7 ͡ͽ̈́ 1948 ѐ 12 ͡۞׌۞ڼͽჯ޺ఈᜋ௚֣ ܝݝ׶ᛂͬטщ۞Җજğଠڼჯ᜕ܧѨĶᛋ၅ҖજķĞ၁ᅫ˯ߏ˘࣎࢕ְ҃ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 94

ඍᘷĄ׌ѨĶᛋ၅ҖજķഇมഅдᓑЪ઼щநົ۞ၭ୊˭ᘪࢎĺࣖჯႬઃ ᛉĻĞRenville AgreementğĄఈᜋ۞Ķᛋ၅Җજķտౣߏ࢕ְҖࠎᔘߏםͫ :ᛉ̚ѝ̏ߌ൒ࡶ೬ĞSukma, 1995םщҖࠎĉଂĶᓑЪ઼ķ̬ˢ۞ઃͫڼ 305-307; Wikipedia, 2019bğĄ ѐ 12 1949 ٺ˵ᛉĂОκВ׶઼םОăఈ౵௣д 1949 ѐ 11 ͡ 2 ͟྿ј οĂఈᜋϒёٚᄮОކ൑୧Іᒔ଀Ԇፋ͹ᝋĄҭఈᜋд 2005 ѐ̖͟ 27 ͡ ѐ۞ 4 1949 ז κ፾ϲ۞͟ഇࠎ 1945 ѐ 8 ͡ 17 ͟Ąმࣧ̚ЯߏЯࠎଂ 1945 Ăٙѣ۞ૠ୭ăໝՅĂΞͽڼॡ۞Оκ̪ᛳఈᜋ௚كఈᜋᄮࠎڍѐมĂт щҖࠎķĂߏ၆ഫᑝฤͽ̈́ऻٍԽᑝ۞ͅᑝćڼЪந̼ࠎĶᛋ၅ҖજķٕߏĶ ఈᜋٚᄮОκ۞፾ϲ͟ഇߏд 1945 ѐĂ݋఺ 4 ѐมٙѣఈᜋ۞Җڍҭт ϒё၆ 1946-47 ѐఈᜋ࢕عĄϒт 2013 ѐఈᜋ߆ۋĂߏ൴જጼܬࠎĂߏˢ ೩੓෦عच۰Шఈᜋ߆צฤ۞ണᅖᗉᑅܑϯ྽ႆĂֱ֤അజૠ୭ໝՅ۞ ఩ĂՏҜࣧӘ֭ᒔ଀ҿኪࡗ 60 ༱έ။Ğᒖ஧შĂ2013/9/12ă2014/5/21ğĄ 2005 זۡ˘༊ᓑЪ઼ౌ̏གྷٚᄮОκ۞፾ϲߏд 1945 ѐ൴ϠĂఈᜋݒ ѐ̖ௐ˘Ѩٚᄮ 1945 ѐߏОκᒔ଀፾ϲ۞ѐ΃Ă఺ᇹ۞ଐဩ׎၁Ӕன΍ఈ ᙸࢬ၆జതϔ઼छ۞፾ϲĂͽ̈́జതϔ઼छ۞జ̙ۡ˘ីޖ͹ཌྷ۞઼ޓᜋ തϔགྷរߏ೭̝̙Ν۞ౚᇆĂϺᇆᜩ˞າᎸ፾ϲ઼छ۞γϹ߆ඉĄОκ۞ གྷរڼགྷរĂ఺࣎߆ڼ፾প۞Оκ።Ϋă̼͛ͽ̈́߆૱ܧγϹ߆ඉͅߍ΍ ο፾ϲĂҭ֭Ϗ଀ᒔކಶߏͅതϔ͹ཌྷĄᔵ൒ 1945 ѐ 8 ͡ 17 ཱིОκ̏གྷ ଀઼ᅫٚᄮĂ҃ͅགྷ።˞ 4 ѐ۞ఈᜋГതϔຍဦĄд఺αѐٙ̚൴Ϡ۞׌ Ѩᄃఈᜋ۞࢕ְҖજ̚ĂҘ઼͞छ֭Ϗ̂˧͚޺Оκϔ୉ҋՙĄᒔ଀፾ϲ Яࠎ઼ᅫᑅ˧Ă҃ߏОκܧĂఈᜋٚᄮОκ۞͹ᝋ֭ܫОκˠ೼࿆࠹۞ޢ ˠ۞޺ᜈͅԩĞSukma, 1995: 305-306ğĄ ѐఈᜋ۞ௐ˟Ѩ࢕ְҖજĄд 1948 ѐ 9 1948 ٺОκγϹ߆ඉ۞ॲૄ໚ ᓜॡ઼ົ̚ĂОκઘᓁ௚ݣ྿ĞMohammad Hattğ̺ઙ΍Оκγ۞ཱི 2 ͡ Ϲ߆ඉ͹ૺĞHatta, 1953: 446; Sindunegoro, 1991: 20ğĈ

Ăᙱ྽ΪΞͽд̚ۋԧࣇОκˠдࠎ˞ԧࣇˠϔͽ઼̈́छҋϤ۞੽ ᏐᛂᓑٕߏᏐ઼࡚̝มү΍Ᏼፄĉᙱ྽՟ѣ׎΁۞ϲಞΞͽ႕֖ԧ Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 95

ϲಞĂ̙۞פᅳાଳڼд઼ᅫ߆عࣇ੠Րҋ̎۞઼छநຐĉОκ߆ ᑕྍߏజજ۞˘͞Ăᑕྍߏ᎕ໂ۞ՙؠҋ̎۞ϲಞĄОκ۞γϹ߆ ᄃְ၁ĄОκ۞γڶҋ̎۞ӀৈĂ֭ͷᑕྍͅᑕ΍னٺඉυืॲૄ ΁ࣇҋ̎۞Ӏৈٙ޺۞ϲಞĄٺ׎΁઼छૄٺՙפϹ߆ඉ̙ᑕྍ

ݣ྿۞͹ૺјࠎன̫ОκγϹ߆ඉ۞ૄᖂĂ఺࣎ࣧ݋ಶߏĶ፾ϲķᄃ Ķ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ߆ඉĄٙᏜ۞Ķ፾ϲķߏ޽Оκ͵ࠧૻᝋ̙̚Ᏼᙝ৭Ą፾ ᑕĂ఺ֱࣰጯૄᖂΒӣα࣎ࢦ̂ײϲ۞ࣧ݋˵ᄃОκ۞઼छࣰጯăᄮТ࠹ ځă̳πᄃ͛ޓ˯Јܫ೩ĂϺӈĶ̙Ξ̶ᗓᄃ࠹̢ᙯᓑ۞ࣧ݋ķĞ̶Ҿߏ݈ ˠّăОκ۞௚˘ăϤˠϔ΃ܑٙՙؠ۞ϔ͹Ăͽ̈́၆Оκˠ۞ۤົϒ۞ ཌྷğăĶγϹ߆ඉࢵࢦჯ઼᜕छӀৈķăĶ઼छӀৈᅮ౅࿅፾ϲ߆ඉቁܲķĂͽ ;ĶОκ۞γϹ߆ඉυืߏ˘࣎ચ၁۞γϹ߆ඉķĞSindunegoro, 1991: 21̈́ Sukma, 1995: 308ğĄݣ྿˵ྋᛖ˞΁ٙᏜ۞Ķ፾ϲķ̙֭ߏĶ̚ϲķĄүࠎ ᅫဥඕĄᔵ઼ٺ˧ϲ۞ϲಞĂ΁࡭̚פଳڱ࣎ᓑЪ઼۞ົ઼ࣶĂОκ൑˘ ऴ۞઼छ҃֏Ă֭՟ѣٙᏜ۞̚ϲϲಞĂ΁ࣇ˵Ϊྵٺ൒Ҙ઼͞छᄮࠎ၆ ਕд࡚ăᛂ׌ૻ̝มઇᏴፄĄ҃፾ϲҋ͹۞઼छ఼૱ߏᏴፄҋϤ͵ࠧ˘͞Ą Ąݣ྿݋ᄮࠎОڍޢҘ઼͞छ˵೩ᏹͧӀॡ׶ఈᜋд˟ጼഇมۧ޺̚ϲ۞ κۧ޺۞፾ϲϲಞߏࠎ˞׶πĄˠᙷώ඾ҋ൒۞நّĂົдචᄃೋă׶π ࠧ׶͵ـОκٙᏴፄ۞፾ϲ྽ྮߏॲፂன၁఼ܫઇᏴፄĂОκિ̚ۋᄃጼ π̝ྮĞTan, 2007: 152ğĈ

ײĶ፾ϲķ׶Ķ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ͹ૺᄃОκд઼ᅫְચ̚ҋ֗Ӏৈ࠹ ĈОκѣᝋүࠎҋ̎።Ϋ۞Ķ͹វķĂ่̙҃هܫᑕĂ֭ͷͅᑕ˘࣎ វķĄމߏҾˠீ̚۞Ķ

߶ă͉π߶̝มਝޘலౣĂ၆Оκ҃֏Ăᔵ൒ࡻ઼ᄃ઼࡚۞ঔ࢕дО Оκჯ޺፾ϲّĂ҃Оκᄃᛂᓑă઼̝̚ม֭՟ѣޞҖĂࡻă࡚׌઼ߏഇ ਎Ąݣ྿˵পҾૻአĶ᎕ރᙝဩયᗟĂᛂᓑᄃ઼̙֭̚၆Оκၹјۡତ۞ ,ໂķ˵ಶߏ੫၆࡚ᛂ׌ะဥ͔ٙ൴۞ღૺᙯ้ܼႽБ˧ܲᅪ׶πĞHatta ĞWilopoğ੫၆О؂443-45ğĄ1952 ѐ 5 ͡ॡЇОκ̰ᅦᓁந۞ࢮࠃ :1953 ቁ۞ؠཌྷĞHatta, 1953: 446ğĈځκ۞፾ϲ߆ඉઇ΍Հ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 96

ăҘ͞׌̂ะဥ۞͞ڌдγϹְચ˯͹ૺĶ፾ϲķߏЯᑕعОκ߆ ăҘᗕ͞ѣڌڍଐԛĄٙᏜ۞Ķ፾ϲķߏОκ̙Ᏼᙝ৭Ăҭтސ၆ ߏჯ޺̚ϲĄѩॡ۞Оκົ૟ͽ˭ଐԛЕˢܧ֭˵ٙ኏ࡎĂĶ፾ϲķ छᄃϔ୉઼ٺ҂ᇋĈүࠎᓑЪ઼ົ઼ࣶ۞ϫᇾᄃϫ۞Ăͽ̈́Оκ၆ ࠎңĉهܫ۞˧ഇ׶ᅌᅈϏֽ׍ѣࢦ̂ᇆᜩܕүࠎ

྿੼पĄזᛂΙᏚ۞Ķ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķγϹ߆ඉд 1955 ѐ۞༱ษົᛉ ะົĂޘ࣎າᎸ፾ϲ઼छă΃ܑ͵ࠧ 54%ˠ˾ĂдОκ۞༱ษࢵ 29 ܧҋֲֽ ၆Їң઼छ۞തϔ͹ཌྷĄ༱ษົᛉܳј˞Ķ̙ඕ༖ྻજķĞnon-alignmentͅ ĄAnwarĞ1994: 155-56ğᄮࠎهmovement, NAMğ׶ௐˬ͵ٕࠧݑ͞۞ໄ ၆Оκ҃֏͹ጱ̙ඕ༖ྻજΒӣ˞׌࣎ࢦࢋᆸࢬĂ˘ߏОκдฟ൴઼̚छ ࣣ፾ϲ۞Оκ҃֏೩̿˞൑ͧٺͽᅳጱ۰֗Њజ͵ࠧ׎ιЧ઼࠻֍Ă఺၆ ᓑЪ઼ٺć׎Ѩߏ̙ඕ༖ྻજд઼ᅫ௡ᖐ˯۞ຍཌྷĂலౣιߏ่Ѩܫҋ۞ ౵઼̂ᅫົ઼ࣶ௡ᖐĄдҘ͞׶ᛂᓑ۞ҽጼฟ̝ؕᅫĂ༱ษົᛉࢋՐଳ۞ ந׶Б஧ϒཌྷĄᛂΙᏚдฟ၌࡭ෟॡপҾૻአڼΩ˘჌͞ёֽ၁னБ஧פ ;఺ߏѣΫͽֽௐ˘ѨٙᏜ۞ĶѣҒˠ჌ķ۞͵ࠧ̂ะົĞyoutube, 2013/5/9 Timossi, 2015ğĈ

ԧࣇགྷ૱జӘۢതϔ͹ཌྷ̏གྷѪ˞Ąԧࣇ̙ࢋజഡᙾࠤҌజщᇬĄ ߷۞ᇃ̂гડ̙ҋܧԧӘ෦ҰࣇĂതϔ͹ཌྷᔘ՟ѣѪĄΪࢋֲ߷׶ ϤĂԧࣇިᆃਕᄲι̏གྷѪ˞Ą҃ͷĂԧᑗՐҰࣇ̙ࢋΪ҂ᇋԧࣇ ߷̙Тгડ۞Έԙٙۢ྽۞གྷ׏ԛё۞തϔ͹ܧОκͽֲ̈́߷׶ ĂטĂം˧ଠטཌྷĄതϔ͹ཌྷ˵ѣ׎ன΃ԛёĂ׎ԛёΒ߁གྷᑻଠ Ąιߏ˘࣎ჟμͷט઼࣎छ̰ٙхд۞̈҃γд۞ဥវ۞၁ᅫଠ˘ ୢጼӀݡĄ൑ኢٸٽિؠ۞ᇲˠĂι΍னдధкં྅̚Ąι̙ົᅅ ҘĂυืଂг஧˯ঐໝĄڌңॡңгĂതϔ͹ཌྷౌߏ֢ೋ۞

ჍĂ༱ษົᛉֹОκд͵ࠧކĞAli Sastroamidjojoğ֧ܠॡЇ̰ᅦᓁந ᒔ଀˞జ಴ະ۞гҜĂ༱ษົᛉ۞ࣧ݋јࠎ൴ण઼̚छдᄃ΁઼ତᛈ˯ڼ߆ ׎΁઼छ̢ٺॡ౵ࢦࢋ۞޽ᇾĈ઼छТຍ၆ᅳ˿Ԇፋă͹ᝋ۞࠹̢಴ࢦć၆ Ϛă̢̙̒ঘćд࠹̢πඈ˯̢Ӏă׶πВхĞTan, 2007: 152-53ğĄ၆ܬ̙ ഇ̪ࢬᓜధкજใᄃП፟Ă1957 ѐ 3ܐ઼ޙതϔ͹ཌྷ͕ᘃԦᛵ۞ᛂΙᏚд Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 97

οБ઼ԦᚑĂ֭ుՎ֕ШĶ޽ጱёϔ͹ķĞGuided DemocracyğĄކᛂΙᏚ͡ ઇڼ༊ॡОκγϹයࡻӀϡγϹ߆ඉࠎ׎߆ژWeinsteinĞ1972: 366ğд̶ ͵਎Ăજࣶγдރ჌ϫ۞Ĉܲ኎઼छ۞፾ϲّͽͅԩγд۞ˬזચͽ ྿ڇ к჌ϫ۞Ąೱ֏۞ۋᚮڼࠧ۞ྤ໚ͽᏖՐ઼छགྷᑻ൴णĂͽ̈́྿ј઼̰߆ ĂᛂΙᏚ۞γϹ߆ඉ͹ࢋ෦Րдၓព઼छ፾ϲăᏖՐགྷᑻ൴णͽ̈́үࠎ̝ ᖼјĶ၆ޢӀૄĄֽࣧ۞̙ඕ༖γϹ߆ඉдĶ޽ጱёϔ͹ķ۞ۋᚮڼ߆઼̰ ᄃҘ͞Ăд͞ڌԩ߆ඉķćࣧώᖣϤĶ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ߆ඉͽπᏊ ᙝůΔִůπᚓค͕Ă૟γϹ߆ඉүࠎܛᏐВ۞ᛂΙᏚ˭តј˞ฮΐ྿ů :ᝋ˧ĞTan, 2007ڼ׍ĂᖣͽπᏊ઼̰Вயᛨᄃ࢕ฤ̝ม۞߆̍۞טଠొ̰ 154ğĄBunnellĞ1966: 44-57ğᄮࠎОκ۞၆ԩ߆ඉ̂࡭˯ѣ׌࣎ล߱Ăௐ ᛉĞWest New Guinea DisputeğĂ˵జۋഇ۞Ҙາೀֲ̰ܐล߱ߏ 1960 ѐ˘ ఈᛳາೀٺᛉĞWest Irian DisputeğĂߏఈᜋ׶Оκ̝มᙯۋჍࠎҘϿ֧щ Ҙາೀֲ̰д 1969 ѐ̏јࠎОκ۞Ҙ͐οֲٺ኏ࡎĄϤڼγϹ׶߆۞ֲ̰ ѩ̙Гኢࢗ1Ąࣆߏ Bunnell ᕩᙷ۞ௐ˟ล߱၆ԩኢٺᛉۋ࠷ĂҘາೀֲ̰ ࢗт˭Ą ѐ۞Ķৰ༤੺ֽҘֲķߏᛂΙᏚͅԩതϔ͹ཌྷ۞ௐ˟ล߱၆ԩĄ 1963 ϲ˘࣎੺ֽҘֲᓑ֣ĂΒ߁੺ֽޙĞҘ੺ğ೩ᛉعѐࡻ઼׶੺ֲֽ߆ 1961 ੺ֽܫĄ఺࣎ᓝજឰОκ࠹؂ăΔ૔ᘲ߷ĞՒ͐ğăՒ౻෸ăզ඿׶າΐֲ ਎ĂЯࠎ੺ֽҘֲ̙֭ߏ˘࣎ৌϒ፾ϲ۞઼छĂΪߏາރҘֲ૟ົߏ˘࣎ ͹ཌྷĂ҃੺ֽҘ઼ֲޓĄலౣОκ۞ᅳጱ۰གྷ።࿅ͅԩۏᛳܢതϔ͹ཌྷ۞ થĂࠤם઼࣎छᒔ଀፾ϲߏ౅࿅˘ڍથĄтםᖂߏᄃതϔ઼छઇૄ઼ޙ۞ Ҍᔘ̯ధ݈തϔϓ઼д׎ᅳ˿ჯ޺࢕ְૄгĂѩ઼छިΞਕߏ˘࣎፾ϲ઼ छĞHindley, 1964: 904-907ğĉ

ԧࣇࠎңͅ၆੺ֽҘֲᓑ֣ĉЯࠎ੺ֽҘֲߏ˘࣎າതϔ͹ཌྷ۞ܑ ᇈĄԧࣇᄮࠎјϲ੺ֽҘֲ۞ϫ۞ߏࢋ؝ϲОκĄ੺ֽҘֲߏາത

ӄͽĶҘ͐οֲВ׶઼ķ۞̶֗Ăд 1961 ѐ 12םఈᜋခᐽ͐οֲϔ୉͹ཌྷĂ֭ޢጼ˟ 1 ОκĂ˵Тᇹ͹ૺጾѣҘ͐οֲгડ۞͹۞઼ޙາޢ፾ϲĄ൒҃˟ጼ઼ޙοކ͟ 1 ͡ ఈᛳາೀֲ̰Ąགྷ࿅ᓑЪ઼۞͹ᝋܬĂಶ൴һˢ͇ 7 ޢдҘ͐οֲВ׶઼፾ϲޢᝋĂ҃ ӌ˞Ҙ͐οֲĄ׀ѐ 1969 ٺᓑЪ઼ٚᄮОκޢᛉĂ౵ם ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 98

͹઼ޓϔ͹ཌྷ۞யݡĂ੃ҝԧ۞ྖĈ੺ֽҘֲ۞јϲΪߏࠎ˞᜕ܲ ӀৈĞTan 2007Ĉ156ğĄ۞ڵཌྷ۞ᐁᚩă፛ቱĂͽ̈́Ϯ

Ķৰ༤੺ֽҘֲķഇมĞ1963-66ğੵ˞ᇲ၆ҖજγĂ1965 ѐ 1 ͡੺ֽ ĂОκЯѩ̙ГણᄃᓑЪ઼ĞኛણዦௐЁޢЇந઼ְ૱ܧҘֲፉЇᓑЪ઼ ߱ĶОκ΍֕ᓑЪ઼ķğĄ༊ॡĂ઼̂̚˧͚޺Оκ̙ણᄃᓑЪ઼۞ՙؠĄ д࡚ăᛂܢϲϒёγϹᙯܼ ĂᛂΙᏚ̙ᙸֶޙᄃОκѝд 1950 ѐӈ઼̚ Ą൒҃ĂОκ۞࢕ฤૄώ˯ᔘߏͅВ۞Ăܕ׌ૻ̝มĂᏴፄᄃ઼̚෸֕෸ Ăᛂݣћ࿀࢝ᛂΙᏚϹ΍߆ᝋĄҌ 1966 ѐมޢѐ߹ய߆ត˝ˬŒְІ 1965 ௡ᖐĂОڱܧοࠎކࡗѣ 50 ༱Ҍ 100 ༱Вயᛨ۞Тଐ۰జૠ୭ĂВயᛨజ κᄃ઼̚ᙯܼೋ̼ĄТѐ 8 ͡Оκᄃ੺ֽҘֲᘪཌĺ׶π୧ࡗĻĂ׌઼Тຍ ઃͤᇲ၆ҖજĂТຍϲӈޭೇγϹᙯܼĂ੺ֽҘֲТຍឰՒ͐׶Ւᇢ෸۞ ˠϔѣ፟ົд̂Ᏼ̚ႽԣࢦϦ΁ࣇд੺ֽҘֲᓑ֣۞гҜĄ࿣ѐĂᛂΙᏚ ,జ࢝ᙜᖚĂᛂݣћϒёତЇĂĶ޽ጱёϔ͹ķ۞γϹ˵ଂѩඕՁĞHistory SG

2019; Ղ࡚ኰĂ2019Ĉ230-39ćSuryadinata, 1981: 197-98ğĄ

參、蘇哈托的新秩序外交

1 ܕОκ۞ˠ˾෹࿅ 2.8 ᆆĂߏ͵ࠧ˯ˠ˾ௐαк۞઼छĄОκጾѣ ༱ 8 ˼࣎फᑎĂߏ͵ࠧ˯౵̂۞ཏफ઼छĄౙгࢬ᎕ࠎ 280 ༱π̳֧͞Ă ༱π̳͞ 790 זͽ૞ᛳགྷᑻડֽ࠻Ă݋ᕖૺڍࠎБ͵ࠧௐ 16 ઼̂छĂҭт ˠ˾۞઼छĂߏௐˬ̂۞ϔ͹В׶઼Ăௐ 16ڒĄОκߏБ͵ࠧ౵к᎗೻֧ ОκΞͽචڍኳ୧Іֽ࠻ОκĂтۏͽ఺ֱڍགྷᑻវĄன၁͹ཌྷጯࠁт̂ ,ϡ఺ֱྤ໚ĂҬͼОκ۞૦੓ߏ̙ΞᔖҺ۞јࠎડાّ۞ૻᝋĞLaksmana 160ğĄ̙࿅ॲፂОκ̂ጯٙซҖ۞አߤĂҋ 1945 ѐҌ 2004 ѐม ,158 :2011 үጼҖજ̚Ăѣ 67%ߏజᄮؠࠎ̰ొ۞פ࣎ϤОκ࢕͞׶ᛋ၅ٙଳ 249 ۞ ރ਎Ąೱ֏̝ĂጾѣА͇ྤ໚ᐹ๕۞ОκĂืॡॡࢬ၆ధк۞щБރщБ ਎ĞLaksmana, 2011: 165ğĄ ᛂΙᏚॡ΃۞Ķᖞ৩ԔķĄٺϲ੓Ķາ৩ԔķĂͽҾޙᛂݣћ۞ޢೠᝋ Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 99

၆Вய͹ཌྷ۞ВТऻᛵĂ1967 ѐОκٺĂ΍ޢдඕՁ˞ᄃ੺ֽҘֲ۞၆ԩ ౹ؕົ઼ࣶĄ1970 ѐᛂݣћдణય੺ֽҘֲॡপҾ۞םݑ઼ֲछ઼ڌјࠎ Ą઼छԡ࡝˧ߏ˘઼࣎छهૻአĶ઼छԡ࡝˧ķĞNational Enduranceğ۞ໄ ރ౅࿅ᕖૺٕᙹᖬ۞γొٺԩਕ˧Ăፂͽᑕ၆̰ొ׶γొ߄ጼĄ၆ٯિิ ਎׶߄ጼĂĶ઼छԡ࡝˧ķߏ౵ָྋඍĄᛂݣћ۞Ķ઼छԡ࡝˧ķΒ߁ᄃ઼ ᑕ۞઼छຍᙊԛၗć дགྷᑻ׶ࡊԫ൴णᅳાΞͽ၁ன઼छᅮײछᄮТ࠹̢ Ր۞ਕ˧ćдۤົԡ࡝˧˯Ξͽ̶ֳВТ׻ྻ֭ͷ࠹̢಴ࢦćͽ̈́࢕ְ౯ פጼਕ˧ĞKroef, 1970: 316ğĄᛂݣћдЇᓁ௚ 31 ѐĂૄώ˯ߏ֕ШЪү ķםݑ઼ֲछ઼ڌĶޙݑֲ׎΁઼छ౹ڌ΃၆ԩĂ΁۞Ъүଂ 1967 ѐᄃ ĞASEANğฟؕĄᛂݣћ۞Ķາ৩ԔķĞNew Orderğ׎ડા߆ඉ૱జࠧؠ ౵̂۞઼छĂᔘഅགྷᄃ੺ֽҘֲ൴Ϡ၆ԩĂםڌОκߏٺࠎચ၁͹ཌྷĄϤ Ᏼፄܲ޺ҲአĂૻአགྷᑻ൴णĂჯ޺઼छ׶ડા۞ᘦؠ྆םڌᛂݣћд ВᙊՙĂѩॡОκ۞פ၆ЇңᛉᗟߏଳםڌٺĞVatikiotis, 1993: 357ğĄϤ ᅳ۞عဥඕѣٙ࠙ᛈĄາ߆۞םڌĶ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ߆ඉҋ൒ᄃ གྷᑻ൴णĄٺڦߏ΁ࣇ۞ᐹАϫᇾĂ֭ͷ૞םڌĂᄮࠎهጱ۰ѣ࣎Т͕๪ໄ ĂОκдᛂݣћॡ΃γϹ۞јಶᔘѣૻ̼ᄃϿ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐםڌޙੵ˞౹ ĞOrganisation of Islamic Cooperation , OICğᙥඕĂͽ̈́ 1990 ѐᄃ઼̚ೇϹĄ

˘ăASEAN ᄃОκ

SmithĞ1999: 240-42; 2000: 501-502ğᄮࠎᛂݣћ۞າ৩Ԕ၆Оκ۞γ ăԸྤă೯ӄԛјాٽϹ߆ඉٙౄј۞ᇆᜩቑಛѣˬĂௐ˘ߏᄃҘ͞۞෶ ࢵࢋᙯ͕۞ߏԼචОκ۞གྷᑻ݈ഀĂᄃฟ൴઼छซҖ෶ޢඕĄᛂݣћે߆ Ąௐ˟࣎ᇆᜩቑಛߏдฟ൴઼̚छĂ౵͹ࢋߏд̙ܝڱ˟ᄃԸྤ݋ߏ̙ٽ ඕ༖઼छ̚Էႊ᎕ໂ۞֎ҒĄௐˬ࣎ᇆᜩቑಛ݋ߏд ASEAN ٙԷႊ۞֎ ҒĄд ASEAN ̚ᛂݣћ޺ᜈૻአ̙ඕ༖ྻજĂ֭ͷᔖฟ࡚ăᛂ׌ૻ۞̒ ࿰Ąᔵ൒ ASEAN ۞ጳౢૻአགྷᑻ׶ۤົ۞ЪүĂASEAN ۞͹ࢋјಶᔘѣ ϲ˞ົ઼ࣶ̝ม࠹̢಴ࢦ͹ᝋăᅳ˿۞ᐵݵĄּтд 1971ޙдγϹᅳાĂι ֏ĻĞZone of Peace, Freedom And Neutralityކѐ۞ĺ׶πҋϤᄃ̚ϲડ Їңԛёٕ͞ёצݑֲ̙ڌԓ୕םڌDeclaration, ZOPFANğ̳̚ฟܑϯĂ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 100

ߚं၂ॡĂϤܬѐˢ 1979 ٺγֽ̒ঘĂ֭ͷԓ୕ᕖ̂ЪүᅳાĄ༊෸ݑ۞ ঍઼ᄃߚं၂ѣ 800 ̳֧۞ᙝࠧĂ঍઼ፉ͕෸ݑ۞ᕖૺ͹ཌྷĂࢋՐ෸ݑٺ छ้Ш͚޺঍઼۞γϹ߆ඉĂ֭ͷཏ੓ͅ၆෸઼םڌϲӈଂߚं၂ၣ࢕Ą ĂОκдᓑЪ઼ٙ௡ј۞Ᏼᓝ៍၅ဥͽ̈́дߚं၂׶෸ޢݑĄдҽጼඕՁ િч็םڌݑᙯܼϒ૱̼̚ĂԷႊࢦࢋ֎ҒĞAnwar, 1994: 148-49ğĄጐგ ௚۞̙̒࿰߆ඉĂд 2011 ѐ঍઼ăߚं၂ᙝဩ኏ࡎ̚Ă঍ăߚᗕ͞ТຍО ׌઼ᙝဩĂͽᑒӄ֨ͤ࢕ְ኏ࡎĄ༊ᓑЪ઼щБநְົࢋՐـκ៍၅ࣶ݈ ڌᛉॡĂОκజኬ̟۞֎ҒՀΐࢦࢋĄОκ۞̬ˢᄃ็௚Ķۋྋՙᗕ͞םڌ ࿰߆ඉ۞ඕՁĂពϯ̙̒םڌᛉğ̙ТĂ၁ኳ˯ߏۋёķĞ̙̬ˢι઼͞ם Ξͽҋԧგந̰ొયᗟĂᆧซડાဥඕᄃᘦؠّĞIslam, 2011: 40ğĄםڌ γĂણ̝םڌ˞јϲߏОκγϹ߆ඉ۞ૄϮĄੵ۞םڌ၆Оκ҃֏Ă ડાኢጪăϿ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐă̙ඕ༖םڌᄃᓑЪ઼ăֲ͉གྷᑻЪүົᛉă ኢ۰ᄮࠎ఺઼ֱᅫ፟ၹΞͽд̢೎̢Ӏ̚ჯ޺ޘטજඈĂдາҋϤ͹ཌྷྻ ˞౵̂۞઼छӀৈĄОκٙᏜ۞Ķ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķ۞γϹ߆ඉĂдಷˢ צĂĶ᎕ໂķ۞̮৵̪൒хдĂҭٙᏜ۞Ķ፾ϲķҬͼ̪ᅮޢ఺઼ֱᅫ፟ၹ ᅫఢቑĄОκ˵ЯࠎγϹ߆ඉ۞ត̼ࢉϠ΍˘ֱγϹᙜ΄ĂּтĶડ઼ٺࢨ ϲ۰ķăĶયᗟྋՙ۰ķඈĂޙ͕ܫϲķăĶ׶π౹ౄ۰ķăĶޙાิّķăĶВᙊ ᛂݣћॡഇОκޢࠎОκ۞γϹ߆ඉઇາ۞ྚᛖĞLaksman, 2011: 161ğĄд ОκγϹ߆ඉĄ።གྷϔ͹߾ᖃĂОκγϹזĂϺۡତᇆᜩޢᖼតڼགྷ።߆ ёķ۞̙̒ঘ̰߆̈́Вᙊ͞םڌ߆ඉᛉᗟ͹߹ຍ֍ૻአϔ͹ᄃˠᝋĂ҃Ķ ڌٺՙᄃОκٙિч۞८͕ᆊࣃϔ͹ᄃˠᝋѣٙ኏ࡎĂОκϔ͹ྻજ۰ ၆ ௚̙̒ঘ߆ඉ˵ు႙೩΍ԲෞĞAnwar, 2010: 132ğĄ็ם

ăૻ̼ᄃϿ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐ۞ᙥඕ˟

ม௡عᓑЪ઼۞ௐ˟̂߆ٺѐ۞Ͽ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐߏ่Ѩ 1969 ٺ౹ϲ ซ઼ᅫ׶πᄃ׶Ꮨ۞ჟৠγĂܳٺ˧ࠧ۞ะវᓏࢰĂੵ࡭͵ڒᖐĂߏ᎗೻ ઼ڒࠧ۞ӀৈĄι۞ 57 ࣎ົ઼ࣶ̚Ăѣ۞ߏ᎗೻͵ڒ͹ჯ᜕׶᜕ܲ᎗೻˧ ˠ˾۞઼छĄОڒҫкᇴ۞઼छĂѣ۞ߏጾѣ̂ณ᎗೻ڒछĂѣ۞ߏ᎗೻ κд 1984 ѐјࠎົ઼ࣶĂ֭ͷд 2016 ѐௐ˘Ѩ͹ᏱϿ೻ᜋ੼पົĄᔵ൒ Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 101

ҫкᇴ۞઼छĂҭι̙֭ߏ˘࣎Ͽ೻ᜋ઼छĄОκጾѣ࠹༊ڒОκߏ᎗೻ к̮̼Ąѝд۞ି؟ᒖဩ̚಴ࢦ۞ٸЈ۞ˠࣇдฟܫҋϤĂ̙Тି؟۞̂ ѐᛂݣћԓ୕Оκ׶Ͽ೻ᜋ઼छ۞ЪүߏдᓑЪ઼ጳౢ۞ૄᖂ˭Ă҃ 1972 Ͽ೻ᜋି۞ࣧ݋ĄдϏјࠎົ઼ࣶ̝݈ĂОκЯ಴ࢦ̙ඕ༖ྻજ҃జֶܧ ણᄃϿ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐ۞߿જĞSuryadinata, 1995: 297ğĄצତ дϞԓᇇፉЇᓁ௚ॡĂ2000 ѐ 7 ͡ОκјΑᒔ଀Ͽ೻ᜋ઼छдᓑЪ઼ Оκ۞͹ᝋăᅳ˿Ԇፋă઼छ௚˘Ăග̟િؠ۞ăٺĂ΁ࣇࢦᓏĶ၆ځᓏ۞ ޺ᜈ۞͚޺ķĞSmith, 2000: 509ğĄд 2016 ѐ۞Ͽ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐ੼पົฟ၌ ؃ĈĶΪࢋ͐ઙ೻ځᛂΙᏚд 1962 ѐܑٙ྿۞ᓏ˞ז೩ރё˯Ăᓁ௚ҥࡊ ˠĂОκ૟ͅ၆ͽҒЕ۞ҫᅳķĄĶԧࣇĂО؃ˠ۞፾ϲ՟ѣொϹග͐ઙ೻ дपރκˠϔ૟ؕ௣т˘гિ޺఺˘ٚᏚķĞJakarta Post, 2016/3/21ğĄҥࡊ ొ˘ᄲĈĶϿ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐᑕྍјࠎྋՙ͞९۞˘ొ̶Ă̙҃ߏયᗟ۞˯ົ ྋՙ͞९۞˘ొ̶Ă֤ᆃϿ೻؃Ͽ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐ̙ਕјࠎ͐ઙ೻ڍĄт̶ ᜋЪү௡ᖐಶត଀൑ᙯღࢋ˞ķĞteleSUR, 2016/3/7ğĄ࿣ѐ۞পҾपົ˯Ă υࢋ۞γϹନ߉ĂࢦפࢋՐᄃͽҒЕᙯܼ૜̷۞Ͽ೻ᜋЪү௡ᖐଳރҥࡊ छдЇңಞЪౌ͚޺͐ઙ೻઼ڒခᐽ᎗೻ރາ҂ᇋᄃͽҒЕ۞ᙯܼĄҥࡊ ፾ϲ۞઼छĞAnadolu Agency, 2017/12/14ğĄ؃Ϗٚᄮ͐ઙ೻إĂྼᄲ׎ι؃

ˬăОκᄃ઼̚Ᏽ̙ೇϹĉ

ѐᗕ͞൴ܑ˞ĺᙯ 1990 זۡ˘Оκᄃ઼̚д 1967 ѐઃͤ˞γϹᙯܼĂ ధкҘ઼͞छ̂ໄд 1980 ѐͽ݈ౙٺೇ׌઼γϹᙯܼ۞̳ಡĻĄ࠹ྵޭٺ ॡม̖ޭೇ֣ϹĄͅ۞ܜྵͧ܅ϲγϹᙯܼĂОκᄃ઼̚ზߏޙᜈྫྷ઼̚ ͽ̈́Оκဩ̰රˠ۞ႷᇋĂ઼̚ٺ၆Оă̚ޭೇγϹᙯܼ۞͹ࢋ҂ณߏ၆ ٺ࢕͞๕˧ፉ઼͕̚дฮΐ྿۞ֹ̂ᐡົ၆Оκරˠົౄј˘ؠᇆᜩĄϤ มᏗ͕̚Ăֹ̂ᐡϺ̙ΞᔖҺ۞̬ˢଐᄓͽ̈́۞ڱᐡѣॡ࣏జෛࠎЪֹ̂ Вயᛨ۞߿જĂ֭ڱܧଐಡ߿જĂОκԓ୕઼ֹ̂̚ᐡਕૉܲᙋ̙ົ͚޺ Ą҃Оă̚ᙯܼ۞ϒعͷ̙ົજࣶдОκ۞઼̳̚ϔăරˠֽͅԩОκ߆ ჌୉ღૺĄĶາ৩Ԕķ˭۞ۢᙊЊ̄˵ߏ۞ޘΞӎᄮ۞ົ͔੓˘ؠ඀̙̼૱ Оκ 70% ۞གྷᑻĂкᇴ۞රˠᄲ΁ࣇ̙ົ˞ט၆઼̚Ă΁ࣇᄮࠎරˠଠͅ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 102

රˠ۞ީެĄགྷᑻЯ৵ٺᓁ௚Ą఺˵ౄјОκˠ၆טᚮᏴᓁ௚ĂҭΪົଠ ĂέăֽـॡОκᄃέ៉̪ѣᘀ̂۞གྷᑻӀৈكߏОκ҂ณࣧЯ̝˘Ă˵ Ͽ೻ᜋဥវ҃֏Ă΁ࣇᄮࠎОκѝ̏ٺณࠤҌ෹࿅Оă̚Ă၆ٽОᗕ͞෶ ᄃႩĞᛂᓑğѣ࠹఍˯۞યᗟĂңυΩγГᔛኛᐷĞ઼̚ğֽកԊĉϿ೻ :ᛂᓑ۞˧ณĞSuryadinata, 1981טᜋဥវ̙֭ᄮࠎᄃ઼̓̚рΞͽүࠎͅ 200-203ğĄ

肆、後蘇哈托時期

ăݣͧͧăϞԓᇇă୥လϞའ˘

ॡมЇഇĂܜᓁ௚۞ރᛂΙᏚăᛂݣћͽ̈́ᛂҘࠃٕனЇҥࡊٺ࠹ྵ ᛂݣћॡഇ۞݈ˬҜᓁ௚۞ЇഇᓁВ่ 6 ѐкĄѩˬҜᓁ௚۞γϹࢦᕇޢ ˞т˭ĄݣͧͧĞB. J. Habibie, 1998-99ğдፉЇᓁ௚ഇม۞γϹ͹ࢋߏࠎ զ۞ೌᆐߏޓڌĄWeatherbeeĞ2005: 153ğᄮࠎڱզԊ๕۞ᏱޓڌྋՙזԱ ޓڌ˞ரنםڌĶ಴ࢦ͹ᝋᄃ̙̒ঘࣧ݋ķጱ࡭۞םڌٺऺ੘ĄϤ۞םڌ զ፾ϲĄ΁ፉЇޓڌѣٙҖજĂܳј̖ޢᅫۤົࢋՐ઼זۡ˘͛۞ૠ୭Ă ᓁ௚ഇม۞Ω˘ีࢦࢋ੒ᚥߏࠎૻѣ˧۞ˠᝋγϹಧؠ˞િ၁۞ૄᖂĄ఼ ࿅ˠᝋγϹĂОκ่̙д઼̰ܳซ׶᜕ܲˠᝋĂՀјࠎБ஧ˠᝋγϹ۞ᙯ ׌ѐ۞ᓁ௚Їഇ̰Ăܕᔣ֎ҒĄϞԓᇇĞAbdurrahman Wahid, 1999-2001ğд ˞఼࿅˘րЕᗕᙝ׶кᙝ࣍ᛉĂ޽ጱ˞Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉĄϞԓᇇᓁ௚ޭೇ Оκᄃధк઼छ۞ᙯܼ׶ЪүĂ֭ણΐ˞ௐˬ͵઼ࠧछ 77 ઼ะဥĞG77ğ дݣϞ֤ᓝҖ۞Ķݑ͞पົķĞSouth SummitğĂͽ̈́৸ࡗ˼ᒩѐपົĄ΁ፉ Їᓁ௚ഇม۞Ω˘ี׍ѣ֧඀༫ຍཌྷ۞ᓝନߏјϲĶҘݑ͉π߶၆ྖķĂҌ ,ѩ၆ྖ̪̚Էႊࢦࢋ֎ҒĄ୥ΐϞའᓁ௚ĞMegawati SoekanoputriٺОκ̫ ͹य֭ᘪཌ˞ĺ᳜םڌ2001-2004ğૻአ˞ડા͹ཌྷĄОκд 2003 ѐፉЇ གྷᑻВТវķĂםڌѐ၁னĶ 2020 ٺځࡗĻĞBali Concord IIğĂᓏם˟ௐ֧ ѨડાЪү࣍ᛉĂྏဦޭܧШડાፋЪĄ୥ΐϞའᓁ௚ᔘୁજֲ֕םڌֹ ᛉ۞ჟৠĞMulyana, 2018ğĄົܧೇ 1955 ѐ༱ษֲ Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 103

˟ăᛂҘࠃ

ᛂҘࠃᓁ௚ĞSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 2004-14ğдಶᖚႊᄲ̚Ӕன γϹ߆ඉ۞ؼᜈّĈԧ۞Җ߆ဥฤົ޺ᜈિчĶ፾ϲķ׶Ķ᎕ໂķٺ΁၆ γϹ߆ඉࣧ݋ĂОκ֭ͷѣՙ͕ࠎ೩࣍׶πăܳซᓄၷă᜕ܲϒཌྷ൴ᓏ۞ ዮٺĂᛂҘࠃᓁ௚۞౵̂јಶдޢȈѐܕĞWeatherbee, 2005: 156ğĄдે߆ ඕ༖׶̙ٺĄ΁дОκγϹ߆ඉ˯Ăᔵ൒ങॲڍ׽Оκϔ͹׶ᕖ̂གྷᑻј ѐ˯έĂ 2004 ٺ၁ϡ͹ཌྷĂҭ΁ᙸຍϒࢬ఍நϔ͹׶ˠᝋ۞ᆊࣃ៍ĄᛂҘࠃ ᒔ଀෹࿅ 60% ۞Ᏼைćд 2009 ѐᛏ଀˞ాЇĄ2009 ѐ۞ಶᖚႊᄲϺਕೡ ࢗОκ۞γϹ߆ඉጼர݈ഀĈ

Оκϒࢬᓜ඾˘࣎ጼரᒖဩĂ՟ѣ˘઼࣎छᄮࠎОκߏᇲˠĂОκ ᄮࠎ՟ѣ઼ࣹ࣎छߏᇲˠĄЯѩĂОκΞͽαࢬˣ͞ҋϤҖֹγϹ ׶࿬ᇲˠĄ̓ڈ߆ඉĂጾѣ˘Ѻ༱

ჯ޺׎၆γ෶ٺ׶࿬ᇲˠķ၆̓ڈκҘֲֽᄲĂጾѣĶ˘Ѻ༱ޘ၆О Ξਕ৔ᗼˠפྋᛖ׎̙ᙸଳٺᑒӄĄιᔘѣӄ̂ޝѣܜ׶Ըྤ۞ព඾ᆧٽ ᝋ੃ᐂྵम۞͹ࢋགྷᑻူҡ۞ᙯܼĂּт઼̚ĞPiccone & Yusman, 2014ğ2Ą

ˬăҥࡊރ

ᓁ௚ĞJokoރपົഇมĂҥࡊֲڌب ѐ 11 ͡д቞ոᓝҖ۞ௐ 9 2014 Widodo, 2014-ğކοОκ૟јࠎĶБ஧ঔ˯คቢķĞGlobal Maritime AxisğĂ ׎̣࣎ᙯᔣ൴ण۞͚ߗ̶ҾߏĈঔ߶̼͛ăঔ߶གྷᑻ׶ྤ໚ăঔ߶ૄᖂన߉ ׶ా఼ّăঔ˯γϹ׶ঔ˯щБĞSambhi, 2015: 41; Connelly, 2015: 7-8ğ3Ą

ᄃ׎ᔖҺ઼ڱঘ׶ͅ၆γొЋဦ̒ঘ΁ˠ̰ొְચ۞ઇ̙̒ٺഇͽֽ˘้ۡШܜОκ 2 ĺᘲ੺ఢࡗĻ۞ࣧЯĄОκᄮੰڱ࡭Ă఺ߏОκϏਕԲ઼ࣞᅫЖְ˘ڶᅫԲෞ׎઼̰ଐ ఢؠ˞ٙѣ̳ϔ۞ᝋӀ׶యЇĄٙѣ఺ֱౌঘ̈́ˠᝋયᗟĄЯѩĂӈౌޠڱࠎОκٙѣ 。՟ѣԲࣞĺᘲ੺ఢࡗĻĂОκ˵̏གྷᏲ守了其中所載的原則ֹ Оκ۞ঔ߶̼͛Ąүࠎ˘࣎Ϥ 17,000 ࣎फᑎ௡ј۞઼छĂОκᑕޙ఺̣͚̂ߗߏ (1)ࢦ 3 (ԧࣇтңგநঔ߶Ą(2ٺՙפ૟ঔ߶ෛࠎ઼छ֗Њ۞˘ొ̶Ă׎ᓄၷ׶Ϗֽ֭זྍຍᙊ ޙݝफͬڻϲঔ߶ᖏࢴ͹ᝋĄ(3)఼࿅ޙჯ᜕׶გநঔ߶ྤ໚Ăࢦᕇߏ఼࿅൴णႢຽֽ ߹შඛͽ̈́൴णਝྻຽ׶ঔ߶ॠྼຽĂᐹА൴णঔ߶ૄۏϲஎঔപ˾׶ޙనঔ˯̳ྮĂ ᖂన߉׶ా఼ّĄ(4)఼࿅ঔ˯γϹĂОκᔛኛ׎΁઼छдঔ߶ᅳાซҖЪүĂঐੵঔ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 104

κҘֲ۞͹ᝋĂᆧૻ׎ঔ˯֨᎔ਕޘБ஧ঔ˯คቢྏဦ᜕ܲО۞عາ߆ Ăྋՙгડّঔ൸યᗟĂԼචОκ۞ૄᖂన߉ͽ̈́ΐૻОκဩ̰۞ా఼˧ ඈĞJakarta Post, 2014/11/13ğĄͷѣ 5 ̂Җજ͞੫Ă̶ҾߏĶঔ߶γϹΐّ ᛉķăĶቁܲᅳ˿Ԇፋă઼छ௚˘ĂΒ߁ঔ߶͹ᝋͽ̈́γۋྋՙОκᙝဩి फ۞щБᄃᓄၷķăĶቁܲОκ૞ᛳགྷᑻડ۞͇൒ྤ໚ķăĶૻ઼̼֨γϹķĂ ᛉ̝ྋՙ͞९ķĞConnelly, 2015: 8ğĄۋͽ̈́Ķቤ׶ঔ˯ᇲ၆๕˧Ăଯજᅳঔ Оκ่̙ߏ͵ࠧˠ˾ௐα઼̂Ă˵ߏௐˬ̂ϔ͹઼छĂՀߏ᎗೻ٺϤ ઙপᏚдܜˠ˾Κ౵кᇴ۞઼छĄ2015 ѐ 1 ͡ОκγϹొڒछ̚᎗೻઼ڒ κޘᛚࢗγϹ߆ඉˬ࣎ᐹАְีĈჯ᜕О̚ځ߆ඉᓏޘฮΐ྿۞ௐ˘Њѐ ЇᛂҘࠃ݈ڍҘֲ۞͹ᝋăΐૻ၆Оκ̳ϔ۞᜕ܲͽ̈́ΐૻགྷᑻγϹ4Ąт ͵۞઼้̰ྵރԲෞĂ֤ᆃҥࡊזצჟࡻ̼׶઼ᅫ̼҃ٺγϹ߆ඉЯ࿅۞ ٺ؝ϲٕҋռĄࠤҌፉ͕ฮΐ྿၆ٺࠧ៍ăன၁͹ཌྷࢲॾΞਕົజநྋ࿅ Б஧׎΁гડĞParameswaran, 2015ğĄٺ͌ົڦᙯ۞םڌ ߶ăݑ઼̚ঔ׶͉π߶۞ᙯᔣгቡҜཉĂ༊ОޘОـүࠎ఼ٺОκҜ Оκ҃֏ĂࢋિчОκᇃ̂ٺκ۞ĶБ஧ঔ˯คቢķநኢᖼШ၁ኹॡĂ၆ дݑঔ˝߱ቢ۞઼̚ܧཏफ۞͹ᝋ׶ᅳ˿ԆፋĂυؠѣ׎਑ऴّĄОκ֭ ࢋރͽ̈́ჯ޺ҋϤਝҖĄҥࡊڱᛉિ޺઼ֶᅫۋݑঔٺᓏ৶઼ĂҭОκ၆ छᄃ઼̚۞ĺݑঔҖࠎ໤݋ĻਕጐిᘪࢎĞ̏д 2019 ѐ 7 ͡ 31઼םڌՐ ᛉ఼̚࿅˘᝝ğĄОκ׶੺ֽҘֲഅ၆ৼ˿ৼཏफົܜů઼̚γםڌ͟ ҿ̟ОκĄОκͽѩࠎૄᕇޢᛉĂགྷ઼ᅫЅ෗ۋĞNatuna Regencyğѣ͹ᝋ ૞ᛳགྷᑻঔાᄃ઼̚۞ݑঔ˝߱ቢࢦ曡Ąᔵ൒ 2015 ѐ 11 ͡ 12 ઼̚͟γ۞ Ⴂ઼̙͌̚ٺОκĂҭϤٺৼ˿ৼཏफ͹ᝋᛳځቁܑځϹొ۞ּҖ੃۰ົ

ბĂঔ൸׶ঔ߶ѳߖĄ(5)Оκѣཌྷચۋ˿Ϛ͹ᝋĂᅳܬॏ౦Ăڱܧ኏ࡎ۞ॲ໚Ăт˯ ˯൴ण׎ঔ˯֨኎˧ณĄ఺่̙ߏჯ᜕ঔ˯͹ᝋ׶ੑಱ۞υࢋ୧ІĂ˵ߏჯ᜕ਝྻ׶ঔ щБ۞˘჌ԛёĄ ˢОκᅳ˿׶ྋՙঔ˯ᙝࠧયᗟĂЯࠎՏ͇̂ࡗѣܬ᜕Оκ͹ᝋ͹ࢋߏаᑕЇңܲ 4 ᒉĂ఺ߏ၆ྍ઼͹ྻڱܧݑ઼ֲछ׶઼̚ğдОκͪાڌ۞ܕᎹ௺Ğ̂кֽҋዐ 5,000 ᝋ۞ᆚԘĄ҃ΐૻ၆Оκ̳ϔ۞᜕ܲ݋ߏЯࠎдঔγ̍ү۞ 620 ༱Оκˠ̚Ăѣ 180 ᚑᆖ੓෦Ą۞عγ઼߆צăᒔ଀̙̳π۞̍ྤăዎޞࢅצ༱ˠ՟ѣᙋІĂ׎̚۞ధкˠዎ ϒёТຍ᜕ܲ׎̍ˠ۞઼छĄזૻአОκΪົТຍ૟ொϔ̍ˠਖ਼ځઙপᏚд׎ᓏ Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 105

͡ д 2017 ѐ 7عॏᇢĂ׶Оκ࢕ᚻ൴Ϡ኏ࡎĂОκ߆ܕܢྍঔાזкѨ௺ γăдݑঔొ̶ቑಛ̰۞૞ᛳགྷᑻঔાĂࢦາ׻ЩثΔొঔٺԯ఺࣎Ҝ̚ ࠎĶΔৼ˿ৼঔķĞNorth Natuna SeağĂᔵ͔੓઼̚ԩᛉĂҭОκܑϯĂО ٺκѣᝋઇ΍఺ีՙؠĂĶΔৼ˿ৼঔķಶߏळརдОκ۞ᅳ˿̰Ă̙ߏҜ ,ݑঔ̝̰ĂОκѣᝋࢦາ׻Щ఺఍ͪાĞSambhi, 2015: 45-47; ABC News 2017/7/15ğĄ

伍、從印尼「出走」聯合國解析中華民國．台灣與聯合國的議題

ѐ 6 ͡ 23 ٙ͟˯ႊ۞ࡻ઼௲ለБϔ̳Ը̚Ăѣ 51.9% ۞ࡻ઼Ᏼϔ 2016 ९ĻĞEuropeanڱ఼࿅ĺੜ΍ለ༖ڱĂࡻ઼઼̰ϲޢԸை͚޺ᗓฟለ༖Ą̳Ը Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018ğĂ֭Ϥࡻ઼̃ͳᘪཌϠड़Ąᔵ௲ለ͟ഇ˘ؼГ ؼĂҭࡻ઼ॲፂĺለ߷ᓑ༖ૄώ୧ࡗĻ̝ĺ֧೻ώ୧ࡗĻĞTreaty of Lisbonğ ௐ 50 ୧ĂĶЇңՙؠ௲ለ۞ј઼ࣶυื఼ۢለ߷நְົĞEuropean CouncilğĂ ٙѣј઼ࣶӮܧᛉůੵםથ੅௲ለ׍វ௟༼ćЧ͞ࢋд׌ѐॡม̰྿ј֭ ׎௲ለ۞ለ༖̰ొ੅ኢĄЇٺТຍؼഇ—҃ӈ૟௲ለ۞઼छ૟̙ਕણᄃᙯ ᛉυืϤѣड़̂кᇴĞqualified majorityğ—ӈዶ˭ 27 ࣎ለ༖ј઼ࣶםң ለ߷ᛉົ͚ז72%Ğ΃ܑ 65% ۞ለ༖ˠ˾ğůᙒј఼࿅ĂТॡυื଀ ۞̚ ޺ķĄለ༖૟ੜ΍ᝋৼˢ֧೻ώ୧ࡗĂࡻ઼௲ለ˵ಶֶೈੜ΍ᝋ۞ఢቑĄ൒ ᓑЪ઼҃֏Ăᄮࠎੜ΍ᝋ۞నࢍߏ࿁ͅᓑЪ઼ဥඕ˘࡭۞८͕நٺĂ၆҃ Ăࠎ˞ᔖҺѣ઼ֱछͽੜ΍ᓑЪ઼ֽਫ਼ᔖ઼ᅫཌྷચ ĂᓑЪ઼ጳౢ֭՟ѣه ٙᏜ۞ੜ΍ᝋ۞ఢؠĄ

ăОκ΍֕Ğwalk outğᓑЪ઼˘

ᄼᓁ௚Նপའ۞ବ߲͉߱͘࿅፬ধĂޠѐᓑЪ઼ˠᝋˠ̀Բෞහ 2016 ࢋՐ΁ઃͤϏགྷᆶҿಶજϡռЖĂՆপའೳ֏Ķੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼Ą̙࿅Ăහ ٺᄼ̙ߏௐ˘࣎ೳ֏ࢋĶੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼۞઼छĄ1965 ѐОκᓁ௚ᛂΙᏚϤޠ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 106

ॡОκྫྷ੺ֽҘֲكٺ၆ᓑЪ઼ՙؠග੺ֽҘֲщБநְົयѨĂ˫Ϥͅ ,οĞGutierrezކ͟ ķĞundeclared warğ̚ĂᛂΙᏚд 1 ͡ 7ۋጼ۞ጼކౝˢĶϏ 2016ğĈ

੺ֽҘֲјࠎщநົјࣶĂԧ૟׻΄Оڍೀ͇݈ԧд̳Ә̚ᄲĂт κĶ΍֕ķĞwalk outğᓑЪ઼ĄனдĂߊ൒੺ֽҘֲ̏јࠎщநົ οОκĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼5ĄކјࣶĂԧ

ᛂΙᏚ֭ͷĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼পҾ௡ᖐĂΒ߁ᓑЪ઼ିࡊ͛௡ᖐă͵ࠧ ኎Ϡ௡ᖐĄ༊ॡপҾ͚޺ОκĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ՙؠ۞ߏ઼̚Ă઼̚ᄮࠎО ͹ཌྷߏ઼ޓ߷ăٛ˚࡚߷ˠϔͅԩܧͷѣՙ͕Ă၆ֲ߷ă҃ځκѩᓝߏᓐ ခᐽĞKroef, 1970: 340ğĄᔵ൒ᛂΙᏚՙؠĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼Ă˵ᆷ˞׌̂˘ Ә෦ᓑЪ઼΁۞ՙؠĂҭߏОκ۞઼ၮͽ̈́ᅛൕ̪൒঻дᓑЪ઼̂ះܫދ ķᓑЪ઼Ą༊ܔĂ1966 ѐ 9 ͡ 29 ཱིОκĶࢦޢĄགྷ࿅˞ 18 ࣎͡۞৿य྆ ᓑٺѐ 9 ͡ 10 ཱི߆តјΑ۞ᛂݣћܑ྿˞ࢋĶаΝķĞreturnğᓑЪ઼ĄϤ Ķੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼֭՟ѣЇң۞ఢቑĂ༊ОκĶаΝķᓑЪ઼ٺЪ઼ጳౢ၆ ໰ˢົ඀ԔĂ֭൑གྷ࿅щநົТຍĂ˵൑གྷֶܧॡĂ֭ົ̂זᛉᗟజ೩۞ ၆ѩְĂОκ˵ಶĶаΝķͅ˯ົ̂ٺ࿅̂ົԸைĂд՟ѣЇң˘઼࣎छ ᓑЪ઼˞ĞGutierrez, 2016; Conforti, 1996: 38-42ğĄ ຐࢦາΐˢለ༖Ă༊ڍ௲ለѣ඀Ԕ˯۞ఢቑĂࡻ઼тٺለ༖၆ٺ࠹၆ ለ༖ј઼ࣶТຍĄ҃ᓑЪ઼۞ጳౢಶ՟ѣٙᏜ۞Ķੜז൒ᅮࢋֶ໰඀Ԕ଀ ߏĶ̚هᓑЪ઼ķ۞ఢؠĄдέ៉૱૱хд۞᏾ᄱ៍ܔ΍ᓑЪ઼ķٕĶࢦ රϔ઼ੜ΍ᓑЪ઼ķٕ۰ߏĶέ៉ੜ΍ᓑЪ઼ķĂ˵Яࠎ૱૱ᄱྋĶੜ΍ķĂ ķᓑЪ઼˞Ą఺ֱ᏾ᄱ۞ܔಶΞͽĶࢦܫދăᆷܝᓑЪ઼ၬ࣎זͽࠎΪࢋ ᄮۢ༊൒ጱ࡭᏾ᄱ۞ଯኢĂืۢᓑЪ઼ጳౢ֭՟ѣٙᏜĶੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼۞ ఢቑĂ̚රϔ઼̙ߏĶੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼Ă҃ߏ઼̚΃ܑᝋజ̚රˠϔВ׶઼ ΃ć̙അΐˢᓑЪ઼۞έ៉Հ՟ѣĶੜ΍ķᓑЪ઼۞གྷ።Ąפٙ

5 ࣧ͛ĈIn my announcement a few days ago I said that if Malaysia becomes a Security Council member, I will order Indonesia to “walk out” of the United Nations, he said. Now since Malaysia has become a Security Council member, I declare that Indonesia has “walked out” of the United Nations. Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 107

ķᓑЪ઼۞᏾ᄱᛉᗟ6ܔă̚රϔ઼ąέ៉Ķࢦ˟

ᛉ׶ۋ΃ܑĂᓑЪ઼΃ܑᝋعჍߏߙ઼࣎छ۞߆ކ༊ѣ˟࣎߆ᝋТॡ ۞ڌߏ஘யϠĂ1971 ѐͽ݈ቼ̬Ϯ۞઼ϔᛨ઼̚ᄃͨ፨ٺγϹٚᄮ̝યᗟ ᛉ۞׏ݭּ̄Ą1950 ѐ 2ۋ˘΃ܑᝋߏѩ઼̚ۋᓑЪ઼̢̚ٺВயᛨ઼̚ ШᓑЪ઼̂ົٙ೩ಡ̝౯ԞᐂĂពϯ΍ᓑЪ઼͚޺ВܜॡĂᓑЪ઼৪३͡ ய઼̚΃઼ܑ̚۞͹ૺĄдѩ౯Ԟᐂ̚೩̈́ĞSohn, 1967: 107-11ğċ

Җ̝Ą༊ѣࢭેعᓑЪ઼ົ઼ࣶ̝ཌྷચĂ่ਕజጾѣᝋ˧̝˘͞߆ ۋĂՀਕणனҋ̎ࠎ˘઼छ̝΃ܑॡĂٙعߊх߆ٺĂ࠹၆ع׻߆ д၁ኳ˯ਕྻϡྍ઼عĂࣹ˘࣎߆̚عᛉ̝൏ᕇĂᑕྍߏ఺׌࣎߆ ඾ק໚Ăೠଠྍ઼̝ˠϔĂΝ၁ҖᓑЪ઼ົ઼ࣶ̝ཌྷચĄѩຍྤ̝ ߏӎਕд׎ᅳ˿˯ྻүѣड़̝ᝋ˧Ăعࢋ೩΍ኳႷ఍Ăᑕߏѩາ߆ ৌтѩĂ݋ᓑЪ઼౅࿅׎ะវҖજĂڍགྷ૱ّ۞ࠎˠϔٙᏲчĄࡶ֭ Ăᓂ΄ѩม۞آᓑЪ઼௡ᖐ̚΃ܑѩ઼छ̝Җજߏዋٺعኬ̟ѩ߆ γϹٚᄮĄعѣߙ઼ֱछ١඗ٕ޺ᜈ١඗ග̟ྍ߆

гҜયᗟĄޠڱ൒҃Ă1950 ѐ 6 ͡ 25 ͟ᔹጼᘕ൴Ă஝ঘ΍έ៉ᄃመസ۞ ĞͳഀσĂ2000Ĉځ઼࡚д 1950 ѐ 8 ͡ 25 ͟ШᓑЪ઼щБநְົઇт˭۞ᄲ 455ğċ

ྋՙڼέ៉ğ၆ྍफгҜϏֽ۞߆֨ם઼࡚۞ҖજĞ޽ࠁௐ˛ᚻฤ Ąྍफ۞၁ᅫгҜߏĂсߏ͉π߶гડ༖ځ࿰хϲಞĂѩຽགྷܑ̙ гҜޠڱ଀̝˿гĄည׎΁ᙷҬ˿г˘ᇹĂс۞פ࢕౼ӀĂଂ͟ώ ༖઼̝੉ĂତצعྋՙĄ઼̚߆ڱд՟ѣ઼ᅫՙؠ׎݈౉̝݈Ă൑ дέ៉̝͟ώ࢕ฤ۞ԸࢫĂ఺ߏ༊઼݈̚ˠдέ៉۞ࣧЯĄצ

઼࡚͚޺ቼ̬Ϯ˞ځܑཱི ѐ 12 ͡ 14 ͟ᓑЪ઼̂ົՙᛉ९ௐ 396 1950 ϲಞĂѩՙᛉ९೩̈́ċ۞઼̚

Ăͷѩع༊ᓑЪ઼̰ѣኑᇴ߆ᝋᚮ࠹͹ૺ׎ࠎ΃ܑߙ˘ົ઼ࣶ̝߆ ᛉ۞ॲ໚ॡĂᑕֶጳౢ۞ϫ۞ăࣧ݋̈́࣎ҾۋયᗟјࠎᓑЪ઼̰˘ ᆶᛉѩયᗟĄ༊൴Ϡѩ჌યᗟॡĂᓑЪ઼̂ົᑕΐͽᆶᛉ̝Ąڶې

6 ͽ˭߱རԼᆷҋࡰ஽ܲĞ2002ğĄ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 108

඾઼̚΃ܑᝋયᗟ૟АజᓑЪ઼̂ົᆶᛉĂ҃̂ົ̝ՙקѩՙᛉ९ຍ ፟ၹٙ҂ᇋᄃତৼĄ1951 ѐॡĂ઼̚΃ܑᝋܝᛉᑕࠎᓑЪ઼׎΁፟ၹᄃ૞ ᆶநĄ1952 ѐҌ 1960 ѐ݋ޢᛉд̂ົ̚Я঍઼ٙ೩΍۞ቤᛉ९଀ͽؼۋ̝ Я઼࡚೩΍ቤᛉ९ͅ၆Вய઼̚ซˢᓑЪ઼Ăഇมт 1956 ѐ̝ 1108 ཱིՙ ᛉ९ă1957 ѐ̝ 1135 ཱིՙᛉ९ă1958 ѐ̝ 1239 ཱིՙᛉ९ă1959 ѐ̝ 1351 ՙᛉ९ă1960 ѐ̝ 1493 ཱིՙᛉ९ĞSimma 1995: 324ğĄ઼࡚дؼᜈ̂ົཱི Ăӎ݋׎΁ᓑЪ઼፟ၹᄃ૞ޘၗځܑ̏ົ̂ܧௐ 396 ཱི̝ՙᛉ९ᄮࠎĂੵ ඈѣᙯ઼̚΃ܑᝋ̝ᛉᗟĄك፟ၹ౵рؼቤܝ ٺĂᓑЪ઼̂ົ၆ͤົ̂ب ੓ĂҌ 1971 ѐ 26ົ̂ب ҋ 1961 ѐௐ 16 Ą1961 ѐॡϤ઼࡚ٙ೩΍̝ט΃ܑᝋયᗟ̝఍ந͞ёߏͽࢦࢋયᗟࢨ઼̚ ࢦࢋયᗟ९ᒔ଀఼࿅Ăྍՙᛉ९ߏ޽ֶ໰ᓑЪ઼ጳౢௐ 18 ୧ఢؠĂ̂ົ۞ Ըை̝ົ઼ࣶˬ̶̝˟кᇴՙؠ̝Ą҃̈́ົזࢦࢋયᗟ̝ՙᛉĂᑕͽٺ၆ ׎΁યᗟ̝ՙᛉĂΒ߁Ωѣң჌ְีᑕͽˬ̶̝˟кᇴՙؠ̝યᗟĂٺᙯ Ըை̝ົ઼ࣶ࿅Ηᇴՙؠ̝Ą޷઼࡚۞ၹຐĂ઼̚΃ܑᝋ̝ય̈́ົזᑕͽ Ă݋Їң୬Լតቼ̬Ϯ΃ޢᗟтགྷ΍यົ઼ࣶ̝࿅Ηᇴՙؠࠎ˘ࢦࢋયᗟ ೩९Ăυืགྷ࿅΍यົ઼ࣶˬ̶̝˟ͽ˯кᇴᙒјؕਕ఼࿅Ąࢦ઼ܑ̝̚ ࢋયᗟ९̝ՙᛉ९ּт 1966 ѐ̝ 2159 ཱིՙᛉ९ă1967 ѐ̝ 2271 ཱིՙᛉ ९ă1968 ѐ̝ 2389 ཱིՙᛉ९ă1969 ѐ̝ 2500 ཱིՙᛉ९ă1970 ѐ̝ 2642 ᅪĂቼ̬Ϯ߆ᝋ̪д 1971 ѐ۞̂ົԸைލՙᛉ९Ąᔵ൒ѣࢦࢋયᗟ९ઇཱི Аͽ 55 ைᙒјĂ59 ைͅ၆Ă15 ைୢᝋĂдࢦࢋયᗟ९̚ୀੱ˭ֽĄд̚ Ⴌ͐κֲٙ೩ᛉ۞ᜭቼৼВய઼̚९̚Ăͽ 76 ைᙒјĂ35 ைͅܠᜈϤޢ ၆Ă17 ைୢᝋୀੱ˭ֽĂ׎ٙ΃ܑ۞઼̚यѨĂдᓑЪ઼̂ົௐ 2758 ཱིՙ ΃ĞConforti, 1996: 97-98; ᆒԠԽĂפٙعᛉ९̚Ă௣ࠎ̚රˠϔВЪ઼߆ 1985Ĉ124-31ğĄ ߏາ۞јࣶΐˢ҃ܧဳጼ̚Ă֭ۋѩ఍ࢋૻአ۞ߏĂдѩ઼̚΃ܑᝋ ଀າ۞यѨĂឰᓑЪ઼ົ઼ࣶᆧΐ˘यćϺ̙ߏᖞѣ۞ົ઼ࣶజు΍Ăפ ឰᓑЪ઼ົ઼ࣶयѨഴ͌˘यĄ1971 ѐॡ׌࣎΃ܑဥТॡ΍னд̂ົ҃ ˘ᓑЪ઼̂ົՙؠࢋឰࣹٺՙפჍҋ̎΃ܑ֤˘ፋ઼࣎̚ĂѩކĂЧҋ˯ ࣎΃ܑဥֽ΃઼ܑ̚Ą̂ົΞͽՙؠឰ̚රˠϔВ׶઼΃ܑᗓฟົಞĂт Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 109

Т̂ົд 1971 ѐͽ݈ٙઇ۞Տ˘Ѩ۞ՙᛉć̂ົϺΞͽՙؠឰ׌࣎΃ܑဥ ՙؠឰቼ̬Ϯ۞΃ܑဥᗓฟົಞĂឰ̚В۞΃ܑဥˢޢˢळĄҭߏ̂ົ౵ Вயᛨ઼̚۞ڌळĄѩՙᛉ९ྋՙ˞տౣߏቼ̬Ϯ۞઼ϔᛨ઼ٕ̚ߏͨ፨ ᛉĂྋՙ˞Ϥኡ΃઼ܑ̚۞યᗟĂۋ΃઼ܑ̚Ăՙᛉ९ώ֗৷ოߏ΃ܑᝋ۞ ҭଂϏྋՙኡ΃ܑέ៉дᓑЪ઼൴ᓏ۞યᗟĄ ᒢ՟ѣ̚රځΞͽϒቁ۞ೠ೪ᓑЪ઼֭൑ੜ΍ᝋ۞నࢍĂಶΞͽڍт ྋ̚රϔ઼ྫྷ̚රˠϔВ˞ڍķᓑЪ઼۞᏾ᄱᛉᗟćтܔϔ઼ٕέ៉Ķࢦ ΃Ăңֽ̚රϔ઼ͽĶࣧ֗פ΃ᙯܼķĂߊ̏జפ׶઼дᓑЪ઼यѨ˯۞Ķ ਕ˞ྋέ៉ྫྷ̚රϔ઼఺׌࣎௑ཱིдᓑЪ઼यѨڍķĶΐˢķᓑЪ઼ĉт̶ ˘ણᄃᓑЪ઼˘ְ஄ࠎٺĶ՟ѣᙯܼķĂಶ̙ົ૟έ៉ᄃ̚රϔ઼၆۞˯ ķᓑЪ઼ͽ̈́̚රܔኘĄଵੵଫ˯ࢗᏴีĞϺӈଵੵ̚රϔ઼ٕέ៉Ķࢦ ϔ઼ĶΐˢķᓑЪ઼ğĂέ៉ᑕྍ੅ኢ۞˵่౺Ķέ៉ΐˢᓑЪ઼ķ۞ᛉᗟĄ

陸、結語

дኢࢗОκγϹ߆ඉॡĂĶ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķ˟ࣧ݋གྷ૱రࡍОκ۞γ Ϲ͹ૺĄଂᛂΙᏚॡഇݣ྿ٙؠཌྷ۞Ķ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķ߆ඉฟؕĂ70 ѐ ᎕ז።གྷЧЇᓁ௚Ăᔵ൒̰உѣٙአፋĂҭ̂ࣧ݋̙តĄଂણᄃᓑЪ઼ֽ Б஧ঔ˯คቢĂזASEANĂଂડા͹ཌྷ ޙ౹ז ໂᄃ OIC ᙥ ඕĂଂ ΐ ˢ NAM छĂОκγϹ͹ૺ۞Ķ᎕ໂķ઼ڒጾѣᖳಱྤ໚ăˠ˾ͷߏ͵ࠧ౵̂᎗೻ ࣧ݋̙តĂҭĶ፾ϲķࣧ݋ЯЧЇᓁ௚᎕ໂણᄃડા௡ᖐă઼ᅫ௡ᖐĂυ Ą21 ͵ࡔ۞ОκĂ൑ኢߏᛂםࢋՐĂઇ˘ొ̶۞ԁ۞טЯᑕЧ઼࣎ᅫ፟ื Б஧ঔ˯คቢĂΞͽ࠻΍О۞ރă࿬࣎ᇲˠķĂٕߏҥࡊ̓ڈҘࠃ۞ĶѺ༱ ˾κд׌̂߶ă׌̂ౙ̝มĂ᎕ໂವՐՀࢦࢋ۞ၸ୛гҜĄலౣĂОκˠ Ҿҫ ASEAN ۞ 1/2 ᄃ OIC ۞ 1/5Ă՟ѣ˞Оκ۞ણᄃĂASEANăOIC ૟̶ ğă͟ώĞΔğăڌߏ઼࡚Ğ่ڍů͉π߶ጼரĂтޘតј̦ᆃĉ̌೼۞Оົ ĞҘğă፫߷ĞݑğĂ҃͌˞ค͕۞ОκĂО͉ጼர૟౺˭̦ᆃĉ༊঍ޘО ᙱឰˠᄃϔ͹ઇాඕĂഅޝ˫ᄼ۞ՆপའޠĂහฺܮ૱࢕͞߆តѣтछ઼ ϔ͹෪ᇈ۞˿҅׎ݒயϠҋ➬ࠎ౶ϐႬௐ˟۞ғႬкщ෹৺̂ڒགྷߏ᎗೻ ăௐ 1 ഇĞ2020/ߋ؞ཱིğס Įέ៉઼ᅫࡁտ؞Ώįௐ 16 110

পּĂ۞ڒݑֲᄃ᎗೻ڌᓁ௚ĂѩॡĂૻአˠᝋγϹăϔ͹γϹ۞Оκݒј छΞͽ၁Җϔ͹Ą઼ڒݑ઼ֲछિ޺ֲ߷ᆊࣃ۞ͅᙋĂ֭Оᙋ˞᎗೻ڌߏ ၹ͹ཌྷ۰ᄮࠎĂޙႬధĞ2019Ĉ18ğ۞ኢᕇĂރඊ۰͔ϡ؉Ͽ׶ޢ౵ ༊઼ᅫۤົд˘࣎Ϥκҹ഑׶؞֙Рٙᅳጱ۞Ԋ๕˭Ăன၁͹ཌྷ၆઼ᅫ߆ ĂҋϤ˭ڶႬᅊ఺ᇹ۞ˠٙᅳጱ۞ଐރྋᛖ˧ͧྵૻć༊઼ᅫۤົϤ۞ڼ Ăهপؠॡഇăপؠ۩ม۞៍ٺՙפٙѣְଐٺ͹ཌྷ۞ྋᛖ˧ͧྵૻĄҭϤ ߏ̙ᕝត̼Ąඊ۰ᄮࠎОκγϹ͹ૺ۞Ķ፾ϲķᄃĶ᎕ໂķ˟ࣧ݋Ăه៍҃ Ϥ࿅Ν޽ጱёϔ͹֕Шன̫ᄃડાăБ஧̢ӀЪүĂ֭ૻአˠᝋᄃϔ͹γ ᄮТăఢቑă̼͛ă઼छӀৈă઼۞ڦၹ͹ཌྷٙᙯޙԼតᄃ۞هϹĂѩ៍ Оκੵ˞О͉ጼரҜཉ۞ࢦࢋّγĂϔ͹ޞநඈࢬШྵݵЪĄΞͽഇڼᅫ ޺ᜈԷ˯ڼछࠤҌ઼ᅫ߆઼ڒă᎗೻ڼОκдડા߆ٺγϹăˠᝋγϹ၆ ႊࢦࢋ֎ҒĄ

Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 111

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Оκ۞γϹ߆ඉůࣘኢĶ΍֕ķᓑЪ઼ 115

Indonesia’s Foreign Policy: Also on Its “Walk Out Off” the United Nations

Lloyd Sheng-Pao Fan Associate Professor of Public Relations and Advertising Kun-Shan University, Yongkang, Tainan, TAIWAN

Abstract

Since its independence in 1945, Indonesia’s foreign policy is based on the core values of “independence” and “positiveness,” although the practices under the presidency of previous presidents are different. This paper first discusses the diplomatic propositions of Sukarno and Suharto in chronological order. The former’s “Non-Aligned Foreign Policy” strikes a balance between East and West confrontations; the latter’s “New Order Diplomacy” seek pragmatism in regional policy. In the post-Suharto period, Indonesia’s foreign diplomacy gradually has changed the directions to human rights, democracy, economic growth, and regional cooperation. At the end of the article, the author analyzes Indonesia’s diplomatic experience of “walk out” the United Nations as a comparison of the relationship between Taiwan and the United Nations to clarify theoretical misunderstandings.

Keywords: Non-Aligned Movement, New Order Diplomacy, Global Maritime Axis, “Walk Out” the United Nations

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