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Conference Proceedings

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%eeU\ng balance: Conflict, Resolution & Partnership Hie Coastal Society • 15th International Conference July 14-17, 1996 •Seattle, Washington Proceedings

of the

Fifteenth International Conference

of

The Coastal Society

Seeking Balance:

Conflict, Resolution & Partnership

July 14-17, 1996 Seattle, Washington

Thomas E. Bigford, Co-Editor Robert H. Boyles, Jr., Co-Editor Copyright ®The Coastal Society, 1996

This publication includes papers and abstracts submitted by the authors who participated in The Coastal Society's 15th biennial conference. These contents reflect the authors' opinionsand are publishedwith minor editorial changes to conform to accepted guidelines for format and content. The opinions andstatements in thisproceedings volume donotnecessarily reflect the positions of The Coastal Society, the proceedings editors, or the Board of Directors.

These papers maybereprinted for educational purposes without permission from The Coastal Society but with proper credit to the individual authors and The Coastal Society. Reproduction of these papers and abstracts for any other purpose requires the written consent of the individual authors.

Published by:

The Coastal Society P.O. Box 25408 Alexandria, VA 22313-5408

Telephone 703/768-1599 Fax 703/768-1598 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgments

TCS 15 Conference Sponsors

The Coastal Society expresses its gratitude to the following organizations who provided support for the conference or this volume:

NOAA/National Ocean Service's Coastal Services Center Washington Sea Grant Program U.S. Department of Interior's Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, Washington office NOAA/National Ocean Service's Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division National Coastal Resources Research and Development Institute Voice Poll Communications, Inc.

TCS 15 Conference Supporting Organizations

The following organizations provided support for conference planning or events:

NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA/National Ocesin Service Sea Grant Association Oregon Sea Grant Program North Carolina Sea Grant CollegeProgram South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium Womens Aquatic Network Coastal America

in Acknowledgments (continued)

The efforts of the following persons who presided over conference sessions are greatly appreciated:

Plenary Session Conveners James Good - Plenary I Virginia Lee Linda Maxson — Plenary II Walter Clark - Plenary III

Concurrent Session Chairs Jeffrey Benoit Tina Bernd-Cohen Thomas Bigford Kurt Byers Douglas Canning Neil Christerson B.J. Copeland Andrea Copping John Duff Simon Edwards Michael Eng Mark Evans Alyce Fritz Helen Golde Roger Griffis Susan Handley Jennifer Jarratt Leigh Johnson Mary Langlais Thomas Leschine Maurice Lynch Linda Maxson Laurie McGilvary David McKinnie Dewight Merriam

IV Acknowledgments (continued)

Lynne Mersfelder Marc Miller Martin Miller Dennis Nixon Michael Orbach David Owens Pam Pogue Mark Poirier Cal Sawyer Hugh Shipman Sylvia Skratek Jack Sohel Amy Solomon Ronald Thorn Juli Trtanj Gail Updegraff Robert Whitner Maureen Wilmot Stephen Wittman TCS 15 Conference Officials

Conference Official Megan Bailiff, Conference and Local Arrangements Chair

Conference Steering Committee Megan Bailiff, Chair, Washington Sea Grant Program Nancy Blanton, Washington Sea Grant Program Douglas Canning, Washington Department of Ecology Walter Clark, North Carolina Sea Grant College Program James Good, Oregon Sea Grant Program Robert Goodwin, Washington Sea Grant Program Virginia Lee, Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island Thomas Leschine, School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington Marcelle Lynde, Western Resources Analysis, Inc. Linda Maxson, NOAA Hazardous Materials Response and Assessment Division Michael Orbach, Duke University Katherine Wellman, Battelle

Local Arrangements Megan Bailiff, Chair, Washington Sea Grant Program Susan Cook, Washington Sea Grant Program

Registration Elaine Knight, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium

VI TCS 15 Conference Officials (Continued)

Publicity Marcelle Lynde, Western Resources Analysis, Inc. Kris Freeman, Washington Sea Grant Program

Program Coordinators Megan Bailiff, Washington Sea Grant Program Thomas Leschine, School of Marine Affairs, University of Washington Sue Thornton, Washington Sea Grant Program

Conference Co-Editors Thomas E. Bigford, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Habitat Conservation Robert H. Boyles, Jr., South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium

Conference Graphics Lydia Heff, Washington Sea Grant Program

Office Support Shirley Lucas, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation

Proceedings Publishers Bob Hamm, OMNIPRESS, Madison, Wisconsin

VII 1996 Coastal Society Board of Directors

Officers

Michael Orbach, President (Duke University) David Smith, Past-President (University of Virginia)

Directors

Tina Bernd-Cohen (Coastal Consultant) Maurice Lynch (Virginia Institute of Marine Science) Laura Howarth Cantral (Florida State University) Laurie McGilvray (NOAA/National Ocean Service) Richard Delaney (University of Massachusetts - Boston) Katherine Wellman (Battelle) Megan Bailiff (Washington Sea Grant Program) Suzette Kimball (DOI/National Park Service)

Committee Chairs

Education - William Wise (SUNY-Stony Brook) Special Projects - Susan Essig (DOI/Fish and Wildlife Service) Membership - Tina Bernd-Cohen (Consultant) and Donald Davis (Louisiana Geological Survey) Policy - Virginia Lee (University of Rhode Island) and Walter Clark (North Carolina Sea Grant Program)

Ex-Officio Directors

William Queen, Former President (University of Washington) Lauriston King, Former President (Texas A&M University) Margaret Davidson, Former President (NOAA/National Ocean Service) Marc Hershman, Editor-in-Chief Coastal Management (University of Washington) Robert H. Boyles, Bulletin Co-editor (South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium) Gary Magnuson, Former Secretary (NOAA/National Ocean Service) Thomas E. Bigford, Former Editor/Executive Director (NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service)

Administrative Services

Judy Tucker

viii Foreword

The Coastal Society convened this 15th international conference in Seattle, Washington on July 14-17, 1996. Our theme of "Seeking Balance: Conflict, Resolution & Partnership" addressed timely issues related to all components of coastal resource education, research, and management.

This conference also marked the 20th anniversary of The Coastal Society. The Board of Directors and conference planners are pleased to add this event to the Society's long tradition of interdisciplinary communication and problem solving.

This event and these proceedings culminate more than a year of planning and execution. The editors are indebted to each of the individuals and organizations recognized in the preceding Acknowledgments.

We reserve our greatest appreciation for Megan Bailiff, who personally orchestrated our collective efforts.

June 21, 1996 Thomas E. Bigford Robert H. Boyles, Jr.

IX Special Note on These Proceedings

This volume includes papers and abstracts for most of the individual presentations included inthe final program. Not included aremost plenary session manuscripts and most summaries of technical sessions that were presented as panel discussions.

The Table of Contents reflects the order of abstracts in this volume, including those from technical sessions and the poster session.

Thomas E. Bigford, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Habitat Conservation

Robert H. Boyles, Jr., South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium Table of Contents

This Table of Contents is organized according to the final program. An * signifies that no abstract submitted for these proceedings.

Concurrent A (Monday, July 15, 2:00-3:00)

Session Al, Part I- Dealing with an Angry Public: Facilitating Conflict Resolution

Session Chairs: Sylvia Skratek, Mediator/Facilitator and Robert Whitener, Jr., Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission 1

Session A2- Using Education, Communication, and Social Marketing in Coastal Resource Management

Session Chair: Maureen Wilmot, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Maureen Wilmot. NOAA/National Ocean Service *

Melanie Murrav-Brown. NOAA/National Ocean Service *

Mark Duda. Responsive Management Company *

Session A3 - The Role of Training in Improving Local Land-use Decision-making

Session Chair: Pam Pogue, University of Rhode Island, Coastal Resources Center

Glenn Kreae. Minnesota Sea Grant Program and University of Minnesota Tourism Center *

Mary Bielen, Ohio Sea Grant Lake Erie Extension Office *

Flaxen Conway. Oregon Sea Grant Program 8

Pam Pogue. Rhode Island Sea Grant Program * Session A4 - On-line, Byline, or Redefine - How to Communicate with New Coastal Audiences

Session Chair: Kurt Byers, Alaska Sea Grant Program 14

Charmaine McClellan. Fleet Capital Corporation 14

Bruce DeVoung. Oregon State University College of Business 15

Susan McBride. California Sea Grant Extension Program 16

Session A5 - Tools andApproaches for Addressing Contamination and Enhancing CoastalEcosystem Health

Session Chair: Alyce Fritz, NOAA/National Ocean Service

NOAA's Newark Bay Watershed Project: Using a Watershed Approach in Superfund. L. Jav Field. NOAA/National Ocean Service 18

The NOAA Christina River Watershed Project. Gavle Garman. NOAA/National Ocean Service 23

Remedy Selection and Monitoring: A Local Success Story. Mary Baker Matta. NOAA/National Ocean Service 28

NOAA Environmental Technical Assistance to State Superfund Programs. Alvce Fritz. NOAA/National Ocean Service 34

Concurrent B (Monday, July 15, 3:30-4:50)

Session Bl, Part II - Dealing with an Angry Public: Facilitating Conflict Resolution

Session Chairs: SylviaSkratek, Mediator/Facilitator and Robert Whitener, Jr., Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission 41

Session B2 - Managing Watersheds for Water Quality and Quantity

Session Chair: Cal Sawyer, NOAA/National Ocean Service

The Water is Getting Dirtier Downstream from the 104th Congress. Tim Eichenherii. Center for Marine Conservation 42

Toward a Workable Watershed Model for Protecting Coastal Waters from Non-Point Source Pollution. Timothy Hennessey. University of Rhode Island *

XII Florida Watershed Management: An Issue Paper for the Florida Coastal Management Program and the Citizens Advisory Committee on Coastal Resources Management. Stephen Hodges. Florida State University 49

Progress in Addressing Coastal Non-Point Source Pollution. Peyton Robertson. NOAA/National Ocean Service 54

Session B3 - Coastal Erosion

Session Chair: Hugh Shipman, Washington Department of Ecology

Shoreline Armoring Effects and Engineering Techniques for Shoreline Erosion Management in Puget Sound. Jack Cox. Michael Baker, Jr., Inc. 60

Shoreline Management in a Sediment Limited System: Saugeen-Lake Huron Shoreline, Ontario, Canada. Patrick Lawrence. University of Waterloo 71

Estimates of the Contribution of Estuarine Shoreline Erosion to Non-point Source Pollution of Coastal Waters: Examples from North Carolina Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System. Lisa Huff. North Carolina Division of Coastal Management 79

A Coastal Community at Risk: Evaluating Flooding and Erosion Hazards. Rameshwar Das. Town of East Hampton, New York 87

Session B4, Part I - Managing the Impacts ofPublic Use

Session Chair: Linda Maxson, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Marine Recreation and Tourism: Resource Management and Conflict Resolution. James Fox. Inter-Agency Committee for Outdoor Recreation 93

The Revival and Reclaiming of a Natural Resource in an Urban Setting: Savin Hill Beach. Mona Havwood. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 101

The Sustainable Utilization of the Sandy Barrier Beaches on Lekki Peninsula of Lagos State in Nigeria for Recreation and Tourism. C.K.A. Asangwe. University of Lagos, Nigeria 105

The Environmental Assessment of the Albanian Coastal Area. Fatos Haxhai. Iastitute of Hydrometeorology, Albania *

XIII Session B5 - Fisheries Habitat Restoration

Session Chair: Thomas E. Bigford, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service

National Marine Fisheries Service Efforts to Restore Fisheries Habitat in Coastal Louisiana. Erik Zobrist. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 106

Watersheds and Fishery Habitat. Pail Brown. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 113

Essential Fish Habitat: A New Approach in Living Marine Resource Management. Ramnna Schreiher. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 119

The Louisiana Oyster Industry and Coastal Restoration. Philip Bowman. Louisiana Department of Wildlifeand Fisheries *

The Future of Habitat Restoration - Creating Habitat Mosaics in Tampa Bay, Florida. Michael J. Perry. Florida Surface Water Improvement and Management Department *

NOAA's Coastal Change Analysis Project, lames P. Thomas. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 124

Concurrent C (Monday, July 15, 5:00-6:00)

Session CI - Communicating Coastal Issues: Sea Grant's National Forum - - "Can America Save its Fisheries?"

Session Chair: Stephen Wittman, University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute

Overview: Why Do An Issues Forum? Stephen Wittman. University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute 134

Format: How Was It Arranged? Nancv Blanton. Washington Sea Grant Program 134

Evaluation: What Did It Accomplish? Kathv Hart. North Carolina Sea Grant Program 134

xiv Session C2 - CZM: The States Leading Way

Session Chair: Douglas Canning, Washington Department of Ecology

Indicators of Coastal Zone Management Success On-the-ground and In-the-water. Douglas Canning. Washington Department of Ecology 144

Conflict within the Alaska Coastal Management Program. Kerry Howard. Office of the Governor, Alaska 151

Current Permit Reform Efforts in Alaska. Glenn Gray. Office of the Governor, Alaska 158

Special Area Management Planning in Alaska. Sara Hunt. Office of the Governor, Alaska 164

Aquatic Lands: State Sovereign Authority and Federal Constitutional Capacity. Genevieve Pisarski. Washington State Department of Natural Resources 171

Session C3 - National Ocean Service Partnerships with Local Communities: Integrated Supportfor Maritime Commerce and Coastal Resource Management

Session Chair: David McKinnie, NOAA/National Ocean Service

San Francisco Bay Regional Demoastration Project — A Focus on Local Needs. Tom Richards. NOAA/National Ocean Service 178

Getting SMART in Puget Sound: How the SMART Forum is Addressing the Challenge of Safe Marine Transportation. Marianne Molchan. Forum Manager, NOAA 178

Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound: Utilizing Technology to Address Risk. Robert Pavia. NOAA/National Ocean Service 178

Session C4, Part II - Managing the Impacts of Public Use

Session Chair: Linda Maxson, NOAA/National Ocean Service

The Effects and Management of Visitor Pressure on Rocky Shores in North-east England. Helen Fletcher. University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK 182 Treading Lightly: Managing Public Access in the Snohomish River Estuary. Debbie Terwilleger. Snohomish County Parks and Recreation Department, Washington *

Personal Watercraft: The New Wave of Recreational Boating. Peggy Mathews. Personal Watercraft Industry Association *

Marine Management and Science in an Artificially-Created and Wheelchair-Accessible Tidepool Bay at Quarry Cove Oregon. Timothy Gruhha. Sustainable Ecosystems Institute, Oregon *

Session C5 - Dealing with Contamination in the CoastalZone

Session Chair: Tom Leschine, University of Washington

Sea-shore Hazardous Waste Sites in Norway. Siur Anderson. JORDFORSK, Centre for Soil and Environmental Research *

Boston Harbor Wastewater Treatment and Outfall Relocation: Tools for Evaluating Environmental Impact. James Fitzpatrick. HydroQual, Inc. 191

Coastal Zone Development Planning Through the Use of Ecological Risk Assessment. Brian Pawlak. University of Washington 198

Establishing a Long-Term Management Strategy for San Francisco Bay Dredging. Steven Goldheck. San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission *

Concurrent D (Tuesday, July 16,1:00-1:55)

Session Dl - Public Access

Session Chair: Dennis Nixon, University of Rhode Island

Public Access and Wildlife: Science, Design and Process. Joseph LaClair. San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission 200

Resolving a Public Boating Access Issue in Minnesota. Glenn Kreag. Minnesota Sea Grant Program & University of Minnesota Tourism Center 210

xvi The Mary E. Theler Wetlands: A Partnership for Public Access and Environmental Education. Peter Hummel. Bruce, Dees & Associates 218

Session D2 - Coastal America: A Partnership for Action

Session Chair: Gail Updegraff, Coastal America, U.S. Department of Agriculture

The Coastal America Partnership: Lessons Learned. Norman Edwards/William Klesch. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 225

Coastal America Northeast Regional Implementation Team. William Hubbard. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 230

Southeast Strategy. George Dodson. U.S. Department of the Air Force 237

Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep; But Coastal Goes All the Way to the Mountains. Walter Briggs. U.S. Department of the Navy 242

Session D3, Part I - Private Non-Profit and Partnership Approaches to Resource Protection

Session Chair: Mary Langlals, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Beneficial Use of Dredged Materials for Marsh Restoration in San Francisco Bay Estuary. Ellen Sampson. San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission 244

The Clear Lake Marsh Restoration Program: Cooperation and Coaservation. John Huffman. Galveston Bay Foundation 252

Private Sector Influence on Coastal Development Activities in Small Island Developing States. Leah Bunce. Duke University 259

Constituent Partnerships: The Best (and Only) Hope for Saving Louisiana's Coast. Douglas Daigle. Coalition to Restore Coastal Louisiana *

XVII Session D4 - Valuing the Coast and the Management of Coastal Recreation, Examples from England Session Chair: Simon Edwards, Center for Coastal Zone Management, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Determination of Non-Use Values for Environmental Benefits. Sandra Goodman. University of Portsmouth, UK *

The Contribution of Development Plans to Coastal Zone Management: The Case of Recreation Provision. Jane Taussik. Center for Coastal Zone Management, University of Portsmouth, UK 266

The Management of Recreation in Estuaries and Harbors in England, The Way Forward. Simon Edwards. Center for Coastal Zone Management, University of Portsmouth, UK 272

The Process is as Important as the Product: An Examination of the Roleof Public Participation in Estuary Management Plan Development in the United Kingdom. Caroline Davis. Department of Land and Construction Management, University of Portsmouth, UK 280

Session D5, Part I- Transboundary Environmental Cooperation: Inland Marine Waters of British Columbia and Washington State Session Chair: Andrea Copping, Washington Sea Grant Program

Addressing Common Environmental Issues in British Columbia and Washington. Glen Okrainetz. British Columbia Ministry of Environment 287

Assessing and Protecting Shared Waters: The British Columbia/Washington Marine Science Panel. Andrea Copping. Washington Sea Grant Program 288

Implementation Efforts to Protect the Shared Waters: Puget Sound/Georgia Basin International Task Force Process. Dave Peeler. Washington Department of Ecology 289

An Exampleof the Transboundary Work Group Process: Minimizing Exotic Species. John Armstrong. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 291

XVIII Concurrent E (Tuesday, July 16, 2:05-3:00)

El - Clean Boating From Dock to Deck: Innovative Education for Pollution Prevention

Session Chair: Leigh Johnson, University of California Sea Grant

How Effective Are Consensus and Education in Promoting Boating Pollution Prevention? Leigh Johason. University of California Sea Grant Program 292

Water Quality Workshops for Boaters: A Skills-based Workshop. Jim Bolger. Washington Sea Grant Program 299

Passengers and Boaters Turned Watchdog. (Two papers) Kate Hinch. Center for Marine Conservation 306

Adapting Marina Water Quality Education: Different Communities, Different Approaches. Pat Buller Pierson. Puget Soundkeeper, Washington *

Session E2, Part I - Environment, Marine Affairs and Policy, and Coastal Management: Marketing Your ProfessionalSkills

Session Chairs: Michael Orbach, Duke University and Marc Miller, University of Washington

Charles Broches. Oregon-Washington States, AIPAC *

Leah Bunce. Duke University *

Christina Mormorunni. University of Washington *

John Peterson. Impact Assessment, Inc. *

Session E3, Part II - Private Non-Profit and Partnership Approaches to Resource Protection

Session Chair: Mary Langlais, NOAA/National Ocean Service

North Carolina Big Sweep: Building Partnerships to Rid North Carolina Watersheds of Aquatic Debris. Kathv Hart. North Carolina Sea Grant Program 320

Forging Partnerships with State and Local Governments. Joseph Farrell. University of Delaware Sea Grant Program 325

XIX National Marine Debris Monitoring Program. Jill Goodman. Center for Marine Conservation *

Transition to Sustainable Salmon Management: Integrating Innovations in Harvest Policy and Technology to Reconcile Economic and Biological Goals. William Jaeger. Williams College 328

Session E4 - Valuing Coastal Resources ofthe Pacific Northwest

Session Chair: Juli Trtanj, NOAA/Office of Global Programs

Using Economic Values to Allocate Salmon Fisheries. Daniel Huppert. University of Washington 332

Ecological-Economics Modeling of a Coastal Watershed. Elliot Rosenberg. Environmental Protection Agency *

Valuing Marine Resources: Applications Involving Native Americans. Michael Tavlor. Northwest Economic Association 339

Session E5, Part II - Transboundary Environmental Cooperation: Inland Marine Waters ofBritish Columbia and Washington State

Session Chair: Andrea Copping, Washington Sea Grant Program

Establishing Marine Protected Areas in Shared Waters. Mary Lou Mills. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and Ken Morrison. Environment Canada 344

Concurrent F (Tuesday, July 16, 3:30-4:30)

Session Fl - Innovative Approaches to CZM

Session Chair: Neil Christerson, NOAA/National Ocean Service

CZMA 312 Evaluations: Helping to Achieve National Coastal Management Goals. Matt Menashes and Vickie Allin. NOAA/National Ocean Service 346

New York's Marine Resources Advisory Council and How Well it Has Done. William Wise. SUNY/Stony Brook *

Community-based Coastal Resources Management Planning: An Effective Tool tor Facilitating Sustainable Development. David Tarnas. Hawaii State Representative and Resources Consultant 353

XX North Carolina's Ocean Resources Plan. Lawrence Cahoon. University of North Carolina-Wilmington 359

Session F2, Part II - Environment, Marine Affairs and Policy, and Coastal Management: Marketing Your Professional Skills

Session Chairs: Michael Orbach, Duke University; Marc Miller, University of Washington

Charles Broches. Oregon-Washington States, AIPAC *

Leah Bunce. Duke University *

Christina Mormorunni. University of Washington *

John Peterson. Impact Assessment, Inc. *

Session F3 - Approaches to Involving and Informing the Public

Session Chair: Susan Handley, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Councils: A Collaborative Approach to Management. George Galasso. Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary 367

Achieving Consensus on Water Quality Issues in Rural Communities: A Peer Education Model. Jov Garitone. Kitsap Conservation District, Washington 376

OCS Lease Sales: Recent Actions to Improve Stakeholder Involvement in Alaska. Kerry Howard. Office of the Governor, Alaska 381

Communication Strategies Utilized to Develop a Public Discussion of Long Island Sound Issues. Norman Bender. University of Connecticut Cooperative Exteasion System 388

Session F4 • International Approaches to CZM

Session Chair: Lynne Mersfelder, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Community-based and Multiple-Purpose Protected Areas: A Model for Selecting and Managing Protected Areas with Lessons from the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Eric Gilman. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 395

XXI Conflicts - Past and Future - in the Utilization of Coastal Zone of Madras, India. Javapaul Azariah. University of Madras, India 402

Incorporating Principles of the Rio Declaration into the Coastal Zone Management Act: A Comment on Achieving Sustainable Development in the Coastal Zone. Glenn Boledovich. University of Oregon 408

New Directions in the Global Practice of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. John Clark. Mote Marine Laboratory and .leas Soreason. University of Massachusetts-Boston 418

Session F5, Part 111 - Transboundary Environmental Cooperation: Inland Marine Waters of British Columbiaand Washington State

Session Chair: Andrea Copping, Washington Sea Grant Program

Joint Strategic Planning for the Inland Marine Waters of British Columbia and Washington. John Dohrmann. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority and Glen Okrainetz. British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks 423

Are We Talking the Same Language?: Increasing Communication Across the Border. Hollv Schneider Ross. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority 425

Concurrent G (Tuesday, July 16, 4:40-6:00)

Session Gl - Puget Sound Beach Erosion and Restoration

Session Chair: Hugh Shipman, Washington Department of Ecology

Sunnyside Beach: Resolving Beach Restoration Issues in an Urban Public Park. Peter Hummel. Bruce, Dees & Associates, Washington *

Lincoln Park Shoreline Erosion Control Project: Monitoring for Impacts of Eelgrass, Bivalves, and Bull Kelp. Liam Antrim. Battelle Marine Science Lab, Washington 426

Restoration of Washington State Park Beaches. Maurice Schwartz. Western Washington University 432

XXII Beach Nourishment History and Management Options for Bay View State Park, Washington. Jim Johannessen. Coastal Geological Services, Washington 438 Puget Sound Beach Replenishment. Huph Shipman. Washington Department of Ecology 448

Session G2 • Science Information and Coastal Policy

Session Chair: Laurie McGilvary, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Cumulative Environmental Change: A Coastal Context. A. O. Gabriel. University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh 455

Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate: A Case Study in the Effect of Political Pressure on Science. Forsvth Kineon. University of Washington 462

The Saanich Inlet Study: Science Based Decision-Making Meets the Public. Robert Wilson. British Columbia Department of Fisheries and Oceaas 466

Integrating Scientific Research into Policy: Human Impacts on Marine Systems and the Oregon Territorial Sea Plan. Deborah Brosnan. Sustainable Ecosystems Institute, Oregon *

Integrating Natural Resource Values into Coastal Management: A Case Study of the Peconic Estuary System. James Qpaluch. University of Rhode Island *

Session G3 - NOAA's Multiple Use Balancing Act: Protecting Resources While Ensuring Public Access in the National Marine Sanctuaries

Session Chair: Helen Golde, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Science in the Sanctuaries: Promoting Impact Research While Minimizing Research Impacts. Charles Wahle. NOAA/National Ocean Service 475

Two if By Sea: Federal-State Partnerships for Managing Coastal Sanctuaries. Sherrard Foster and Lisa Svmoas. NOAA/National Ocean Service 476

Reaching Beyond the Government: Sanctuary Advisory Council's Roles in Managing Sanctuary Resources. Elizabeth Moore. NOAA/National Ocean Service 485

XXIII Regulations and Permits: The Foundations of Long-term Resource Protection. Helen Golde. NOAA/National Ocean Service 488

Compatible Uses and User Conflict Within National Marine Sanctuaries. Michael Weiss. NOAA/National Ocean Service *

Session G4 - Estuarine and Nearshore Water Quality

Session Chair: Martin Miller, Army Corps of Engineers' Coastal Engineering Research Center

The Cumulative Impacts of Management Decisions on Nitrogen Loading to the Rhode Island Salt Pond Region. Laura Erast. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 491

Factors Controlling the Distribution of Dissolved Oxygen in an Estuarine Slough. Elizabeth Housel. University of Washington 501

The Benefits of Trend Monitoring for Hydrology and Macrophyte Management: The Coastal Lagoons of Yucatan, Mexico, loree Herrera-Silveria. CINVESTAV-IPN, Yucatan, Mexico *

NOAA's National Survey of Estuarine Eutrophication: An Assessment with Implications for Developing an Indicator of Coastal Ecosystem Health. Christopher Clement and Doug Pirhalla. NOAA/National Ocean Service 505

Session G5 - Wetlands Restoration

Session Chair: Ron Thorn, Battelle Marine Science Laboratory, Washington

Considering Sea Level Rise in Planning Fisheries Habitat Restoration in Coastal Louisiana. Gregory Blaine Miller. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 513

Evaluation of a Watershed-based Wetland Restoration Initiative for Washington's Puget Sound Basin. Richard Gersib. Washington Department of Ecology 520

XXIV Dancing the Charleston Slough: Reconciling Constraints and Competing Interests for Tidal Marsh Restoration at Charleston Slough, Mountain View, Clara County, California. Jonathan Smith. San Francisco Bay Observation and Development Commission Design of aStrategic Management Plan for Coastal WeUands in Southern Sonora, Mexico. Irene Gamio, ITESM-Guavmas, ^ Mexico Adaptive Management in Coastal Wetland Restoration Projects. Ron Thorn. Battelle Marine Science Laboratory, Washington AModel for Assessing Coastal Marsh Status in Chesapeake Bay Using TM Imagery and Arc/Info. Kate Eldred, NASA and the ^ University of Maryland Concurrent H (Wednesday, July 17, 1:30-2:25) Session HI, Part I- The National Effectiveness Study: How Does it All Add Up? Session Chair: Tina Bernd-Cohen, Project Coordinator Summary of National Picture of CZM: How State Actions Add Up. Marr Hershman. University of Washington 540 Providing Public Access: How Are We Getting There? Pam Pogue, University of Rhode Island 540 Promoting Urban Waterfronts and Water Dependent Uses: State Contrihutioas/National Perspective. Boh Goodwin, Washington Sea Grant Program Protecting Wetlands/Estuaries/Habitat: State Efforts and National Picture, h.mes Good. Oregon State University 540 Protecting Beaches, Dunes, Rocky Shores and Bluffs: Wrestling with Changing Ocesinfronts. Tin» Bernd-Cohen. Project Coordinator

xxv Session H2, Part I- Coastal Water Quality: Science, Policy and Politics Session Chair: B.J. Copeland, North Carolina Sea Grant Program

Human Impacts on Florida's Estuarine Resources: The Roles of Academic Research in the Development of Management Strategies for Conservation and Sustainable Growth. Gary S. Keppel. Nova Southeastern University, Florida 551 Inland Marine Waters of British Columbia and Washington: What Happens When Scientists Step Out of Their Accustomed Roles? Andrea Copping. Washington Sea Grant Program 557 Coastal North Carolina Water Quality: Pollution, Policy and Politics. B.J. Copeland and Walter Clark. North Carolina Sea Grant College 564

Rhode Island Salt Ponds, an Example of Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Management. Virginia Lee. University of Rhode Island 569

Session H3, Part I- Networking of North American Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MACPA): First Steps Toward Regional Implementation

Session Chair: Jeffrey Benoit, NOAA/National Ocean Service Michael Hirshfield. U.S. National MACPA Working Group * Cheri Recchia. Canadian National MACPA Working Group * Juan Bezaurv Creel. Mexican National MACPA Working Group*

Michael Crosby. International Group of Experts on MACPAs * Session H4, Part I - Decision Support Tools for Coastal Management

Session Chair: Mark Evaas, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Decision Analysis, DPL and Coastal Management Decision Support Systems. Adam Borison. ADA Inc. 576

Information Sources and Uses in the Development of a Coastal Ecosystem Management Plan. Holly Greening. Tampa Bay National Estuary Program 577

Port Risk Assessment and Response Planning for Oil Spills. Ivan Lissauer. US Coast Guard 586

xxvi Information Systems Development by the California Coastal Commission. Helmut Geihen. California Coastal Commission 591

Conducting and Publishing Ecological Characterizations in the Information Age. Anne Hale Miglarese. NOAA/National Ocean Service 595

Session H5 - Private Property Legislation: An Overview ofFederal and State Statutory Takings Laws

Session Chair: John Duff, University of Mississippi Law Center

A Workingman's Guide to Section 404 Regulatory Takings. Barry Gale. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 599

Update on North Carolina Property Rights Legislation. Walter Clark. North Carolina Sea Grant Program *

Recent Developments in Takings Legislation in the Gulf States. John Duff. Mississippi Law Research Center 605

Concurrent I (Wednesday, July 17, 2:35-3:30)

Session II, Part II - The National Effectiveness Study: How Does it All Add Up?

Session Chair: Tina Bernd-Cohen, Project Coordinator

Summary of National Picture of CZM: How State Actions Add Up. Marc Hershman. University of Washington *

Providing Public Access: How Are We Getting There? Pam Pogue. University of Rhode Island *

Promoting Urban Waterfronts and Water Dependent Uses: State Contributions/National Perspective. Boh Goodwin. Washington Sea Grant Program *

Protecting Wetlands/Estuaries/Habitat: State Efforts and National Picture, James Good. Oregon State University *

Protecting Beaches, Dunes, Rocky Shores and Bluffs: Wrestling with Changing Oceanfronts. Tina Bernd-Cohen. Project Coordinator *

xxvu Session 12, Part II - Coastal Water Quality: Science, Policy and Politics

Session Chair: B.J. Copeland, North Carolina Sea Grant Program

Human Impacts on Florida's Estuarine Resources: The Roles of Academic Research in the Development of Management Strategies for Conservation and Sustainable Growth. Gary S. Keppel. Nova Southeastern University, Florida *

Inland Marine Waters of British Columbia and Washington: What Happens When Scientists Step Out of Their Accustomed Roles? Andrea Copping. Washington Sea Grant Program *

Coastal North Carolina Water Quality: Pollution, Policy and Politics. B.J. Copeland and Walter Clark. North Carolina Sea Grant College *

Rhode Island Salt Ponds, an Example of Integrated Coastal Ecosystem Management. Virginia Lee. University of Rhode Island *

Session 13, Part II - Coordination ofNorth American Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: First Steps Toward Regional Implementation

Session Chair: Jeffrey Benoit, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Michael Hirshfield. U.S. National MACPA Working Group *

Cheri Recchia. Canadian National MACPA Working Group *

Juan Bezaurv Creel. Mexican National MACPA Working Group*

Michael Crosby. International Group of Experts on MACPAs *

Session 14, Part II - Decision Support Toots for Coastal Management

Session Chair: Mark Evaas, NOAA/National Ocean Service

Development of an Information System to Determine the Feasibility of Wetland Enhancement Through the Application of Secondarily-Treated Wastewater in the Louisiana Coastal Zone. Joel Lindsev. Southern University 615

Development and Implementation of the Delaware Coastal Ocean Management Planning and Assessment System (COMPAS). Betsy Archer. NOAA/National Ocean Service 622

xxvui The Coastal Data Directory, Towards a Shared Information Infrastructure. Ann O'Donnell. NOAA/National Ocean Service O0 Providing information to Coastal Managers: Results of a Survey. Catherine McCrarv. NOAA/National Ocean Service 632 Survey of Coastal Management Decision Support Tools, What's Out There and What Good Are They? Milt Rhodes and Mark W. Evaas. NOAA/National Ocean Service 634

Session 15 • Environmental Justice: Community and Inclusion

Session Chair: Mark Poirier, Seton Hall University

An Introduction to Environmental Justice. Esther "Little Dove" John. Environmental Justice Advocate *

Environmental Justice and Coastal Land Use Decisionmaking in Hawaii After Public Access Shoreline Hawaii v. Naasav. NL Casev Jarman. University of Hawaii School of Law *

Salmon Fisheries Management: The Tribal Experience in Working with Private and Governmental Actors. Dave Sones. Makah Tribe Environmental Equity in Water Pollution Control: An Analysis of the Coastruction Grants Program. Mark Imperial. Indiana University *"8

Concurrent J (Wednesday, July 17, 4:00-5:00)

Session J I: Marine Sanctuaries

Session Chair: Jack Sohel, Center for Marine Conservation

Structural Restoration of Two Coral Reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Tim Osborn. NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service 646 Utilizing Economic Impact Assessments to Compare Alternative National Marine Sanctuary Development Scenarios. Michele Malarnev. Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary (proposed) °"52

Commercial Fisherman and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Daniel Suman. University of Miami, Florida 664

XXIX Session J2 - Incentives for Non-Regulatory Compliance

Session Chair: Roger Griffis, NOAA/Oflice of Policy and Strategic Planning

New Approaches to Habitat Conservation for Endangered Species. Susan Essie. DOI/Fish and Wildlife Service 667

Deepview Subsurface Mapping Survey: The Private Sector Practices Integrated Coastal Management. Eugenia Lavchak. California Center for Public Dispute Resolution 673

Present Use Value Taxation: A Possible Mechanism to Implement the Agricultural Management Measures Required by the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program. Lisa Huff. North Carolina Division of Coastal Management 682

Session J4 - Conflict Resolution

Session Chair: Michael Eng, Mediator/Facilitator/Trainer

Creating a Better Process to Resolve Environmental Disputes: Alternative Dispute Resolution. C.C. Harness. HI. Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, L.L.P. 692

Dueling with Boat Oars, Dragging through Mooring Lines: Outmoded Conflict Resolution Strategies for State Coastal Waters? Barbara Vestal. University of Maine 699

A Case Study of Regulatory Collision on the Urban Coast: Upgrading a Levee on the San Francisco Bay. Darcev Rosenblatt. Environmental Science Associates 706

Compreheasive Plan Development and Conflict Resolution in a Multijurisdictinnal Bay Restoration Program. Mark Alderson. Sarasota Bay National Estuary Program, Florida *

XXX Session J5 - Marine Education

Session Chair: Maurice Lynch, Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Virginia

The OSU Fishing Families Project: Helping Fishing Families, Businesses, and Communities Adapt to Change. Flaxen Conway. Oregon State University Extension System 714

Involving Urban Youth in Marine and Aquatic Environmental Issues, Science and Careers. Norman Bender. University of Connecticut Cooperative Extension System 721

Collaborative Learning in Marine Science Education. Dean McManus. University of Washington *

Poster Session (Tuesday, July 16, 7JO am - 6:00 pm)

Robert Bacon Nature-based Tourism Development in South Carolina 727

Rosemary Dvste Wetland Buffers in the Monterey Bay Region: A Field Study of Function and Effectiveness 734

Adrienne Huston Bacteriological Survey of the Snohomish River Estuary and Adjoining Steamboat Slough 741

Joshua Lott The OCRM Homepage: Using the World Wide Web as a Coastal Communication Tool 751

Chad Nelson and Peter Howd Surf As A Natural Resource: Can It Be Replaced? 757

William Rizzo Impacts of Elevated Inorganic Carbon Concentrations on the Autotrophic Components of Coastal Submerged Macrophyte Communities 761

John Weber, .lav Charland. John Olson, and Kelly Chapin National Coastal Zone Management Effectiveness Study: Wetlands and Estuarine Protection Case Examples 768

XXXI Kate Wing Controlling An Invasive Plant in the Coastal Zone: The Lesson of Spartina spp. in Washington 773

Stephen Wittman Wisconsin Sea Grant's Zebra Mussel Watch: A Multi-Institutional State, Great Lakes and National Nonindigenous Species Outreach Effort 777

Thomas Birkland Toward a National Hurricane Hazards Reduction Program: Lessons from the Earthquake Experience *

Doug Bulthuis. Kraig Olason. and Terence Steveas Padilla Bay NERR Demonstration Farm: A Collaborative Approach to Reducing Non-point Source Agricultural Runoff Through a Federal-State Partnership with Local Agencies and Farmers *

A. Dvan Hartill The OSU Fishing Families Project: Helping Fishing Families, Businesses, and Communities Adapt to Change *

Lisa Heigh Tillamook Bay National Estuary Project: Science, Community and Educations *

Robert Miyamoto. Patricia Hardistv. Mark Stoermer. and William Kooiman Puget Sound Multimedia CD-ROM *

E. J. Olmi and A. H. Miglarese Delivery of Information for Coastal Resource Management

Hugh Shipman Geological Basis for Shoreline Erosion Management in Puget Sound *

Terence Steveas Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve: Research and Education for Coastal Decision-making *

Gerald Thorsen and Hugh Shipman Bluff Erosion Monitoring on Puget Sound: A Volunteer Progranf

XXXII