U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

• Law enforcement

• Courts and administration

• Corrections and intermediate sentences

• Criminal history records and justice statistics

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20531

Alberto R. Gonzales Attorney General

Office of Justice Programs Partnerships for Safer Communities

Regina B. Schofield Assistant Attorney General

World Wide Web site: http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Lawrence A. Greenfeld Director

World Wide Web site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs

For information contact National Criminal Justice Reference Service 1-800-851-3420 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002

By Steven W. Perry BJS Statistician

December 2005, NCJ 205332 Contents

U.S. Department of Justice Highlights v Corrections Bureau of Justice Statistics Introduction 1 Table 8 — Tribal criminal detentions Lawrence A. Greenfeld, Director Table 1— American Indian and Table 9 — Tribal court intermediate Steven W. Perry, BJS Statistician, Alaska Native (AIAN) population, adult sanctions wrote the report under the supervision by place of residence, 2000 of Steven K. Smith. Mark Motivans provided the statistical review. Also at Figure 1 — Map of States, Criminal history records BJS, Thomas Cohen, Matthew by Public Law 83-280 Status Hickman, and Stephanie Ross Table 10 — Tribal law enforcement commented on drafts of the report. Table 2 — Number of tribes, criminal justice data access Tina Dorsey, Tom Hester and by State, Public law 280 status, Marianne Zawitz produced and edited and court systems Table 11 — Tribal offender, incident the report. Jayne Robinson prepared data, and measuring tribal crime the report for final publication. Law Enforcement Table 12 — Tribal justice agencies Valuable comments were contributed Table 3 — Tribal law enforcement electronically networked by Norena Henry, American Indian/ Alaska Native Affairs Desk in the Office Table 4 — Tribal cross deputization Table 13 — Tribal justice criminal of Justice Programs. Also, Stella and authority recognition on and statistics electronic sharing Ogunwole of the Census Bureau, U.S. off reservation Department of Commerce, provided a Appendix special tabulation of Indian country residents based on Census 2000 data Courts • 2002 Census of Tribal Justice used in this report. Agencies non-participants Figure 2 — Federal, State, and tribal court systems • Questionnaire Table 5 — Tribal court systems

Table 6 —Type of separate courts

Table 7 — Tribal justice system full-time staff

ii Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Highlights

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies, Law enforcement • 24 of the 314 tribes had their own 2002 residential juvenile facility available for • 165 of the 314 responding tribes placing juveniles who committed • Over 92% (314) of the 341 federally employed 1 or more full-time sworn offenses on tribal lands. An estimated recognized American Indian tribes in officers with general arrest powers. 68% (119) of tribes placed juveniles in the lower 48 States participated in the neighboring county or nontribal agency Census of Tribal Justice Agencies, • Almost all (99%) had cross deputiza- residential facilities. 2002. (See respondent description tion agreements with another tribal below). or public agency. • About 44% of all tribes (314) imposed some type of intermediate sanction for • Public Law 280 establishes criminal • 56% (93) of the tribes that employed offenses. justice responsibilities among American 1 or more full-time sworn officers with Indian tribes with tribal land, the States general arrest powers were also recog- • At least three-fourths of the 175 tribes in which tribes are located, and the nized by their State to possess arrest that operated tribal courts could order: Federal Government. Public Law 280 is authority. – monetary fines without, mandatory or optional for 204 tribes, incarceration (84%), about two-thirds of the total in the lower Courts and administration – alcohol rehabilitation (79%), 48 States. – counseling/therapy (79%), • An estimated 59% (188) of the 314 – community service (78%), • During 2000 an estimated 44% tribes had some form of judicial – drug rehabilitation (74%), and (1,021,747) of all American Indians system. – restitution without resided in Indian Country – reserva- incarceration (74%). tions, trust land, and/or communities. • Eighty-four percent of the tribal justice systems operating in Indian Country • Over two-thirds of the tribes with a Census respondents handled misdemeanor cases. tribal judicial system imposed probation for adults (130) or juveniles (124). American Indians in the United • 175 tribes had a formal tribal court. States belong to approximately 562 Of these: Criminal history records federally recognized tribes — as well – About 174 had a separate, and justice statistics as bands and clans — that have a general jurisdiction tribal court, distinct history, culture, and often a – 91 had an appellate court, • 75% of the tribes recorded crime separate language (Federal – 80 had a juvenile court, incidents on the reservation manually Register, Vol. 68, No. 234, Decem- – 51 had a family court, and and/or electronically. ber 5, 2003). Three hundred forty- – Over 60% (112) provided victim one federally recognized American services. • Over half of the tribes had access to Indian tribes are located in the lower the National Criminal Information 48 States. • Sixty percent of the tribes had written Center (NCIC). family codes for: This report summarizes results of – establishing paternity, • An estimated 54 tribes submitted the 2002 Census of Tribal Justice – issuing a child support order, information on tribal sex offenders to Agencies. Participation by Alaska – enforcing a child support order, the National Sex Offender Registry Native tribes or villages was not – modifying or adjusting a child, and (NSOR). extensive enough to enable their support order. inclusion. Thus, this report provides • Less than 12% of the tribes reported data for Indian tribes located in the • Nearly a third (97) of the tribes had a their justice agencies were electroni- lower 48 States of the continental child support enforcement program. cally networked with other justice United States. agencies on or off the reservation. Corrections and intermediate sentences • 14 tribes routinely shared crime statistics with neighboring local • About 23% (71) of the responding governments, the State, or the FBI. tribes provided their own detention function. About two-thirds relied on local or county agencies to provide a jail or detention facility. Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 iii

Introduction

Overview Who performs the tribal detention Part IV: Criminal history records and function and what types of sanctions justice statistics (tables 10-13) Purpose are to be imposed? • access to the National Crime Informa- tion Center (NCIC) This report describes the characteristics Do tribes have access to State and of tribal — national criminal record systems? • sharing of tribal criminal history records with State repositories or the • law enforcement The 13 tables present individual agency FBI • courts and administration data for tribal criminal justice agencies • corrections and intermediate • participation in the National Sex across the United States. The table sanctions Offender Registry (NSOR) notes describe the data used and • criminal history records provide information for interpreting the • types of criminal incidents recorded • justice statistics. tables. • method of recording crimes

The report addresses basic questions The publication is divided into four • tribal justice agencies electronically about the criminal justice system in parts, according to broad topical areas: networked within and outside the tribe Indian country: • sharing of crime statistics with Bureau Which tribes have sworn law Part I: Law enforcement (tables 3-4) of Indian Affairs (BIA), FBI, and local enforcement personnel and the • sworn law enforcement personnel governments. source of authority? • source of tribal law enforcement What are the number and types of Compilation of census data authority tribal court systems? • estimated number of sworn full-time The data presented was compiled from law enforcement officers reported in the Census of Tribal Justice Agencies 2000 for 2002. Federally recognized tribes across the United States responded to • cross-deputization agreements Tribal Justice on the web the questionnaires. Policy Studies, Inc., • law enforcement reciprocity with local collected the data on behalf of BJS. All of the tables in this report are and State authorities for crimes available in a spreadsheet format on committed on and off tribal land. Justice and criminal jurisdiction the BJS website: . Part II: Courts and administration (tables 5-7) Criminal jurisdiction — the governmen- tal powers to make and/or enforce laws Other information not published in • tribal justice systems this report, either because of low — in Indian country is divided among response rates or because it has only • BIA Court of Indian Offenses the Federal, State, and tribal govern- specialized interest, is also in a digital ments. Jurisdiction in a specific incident • types of tribal operated court systems depends on the nature of the offense, table on the web. The web-only table whether the offender or victim was a cover the following subjects: • number of full-time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and tribal member, and the State in which • Criminal investigation functions peacemakers. the crime occurred. • Criminal case referral to U.S.

attorneys office Part III: Corrections and intermediate • Number and type of separate courts sanctions (tables 8-9) • Tribal court judge selection • Judicial staffing • tribal detention facilities • Tribal victims services • types of adult intermediate sanctions • Tribal reliance on State courts (for example, drug and alcohol rehabili- for judicial services tation, and fines without incarceration). • Tribal reliance on county/municipal social service agencies.

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 1 Public Law 83-280 (commonly referred to as Public Law 280 or P.L. 280) conferred jurisdiction the Federal Government to six State governments. Congress extended criminal jurisdiction over tribal lands to California, Minne- sota (except the Red Lake Reservation), Nebraska, Oregon (except the Warm Springs Reservation), Wisconsin, and Alaska. These are mandatory P.L. 280 States (figure 1).

Public Law 280 also permitted other States to acquire jurisdiction at their option. These States could take partial PL 280 Status jurisdiction until the 1968 amendment to the law. The optional P.L. 280 States Non-PL 280 States assumed jurisdiction either in whole or Optional PL 280 States in part over Indian country within their boundaries: Nevada, Idaho, Iowa, Mandatory PL 280 States Washington, South Dakota, Montana, North Dakota, Arizona, and Utah Figure 1 operate under this arrangement. American Indians and reservations “American Indian or Alaska Native” with in the United States or without another racial category. In States where P.L. 280 does not About 2.5 million (0.9%) of the U.S. apply, the Federal Government retains In 2000, American Indians and Alaska population, listed only American Indian criminal jurisdiction for major crimes Natives accounted for 4.3 million, or or Alaska Native, and 1.8 million, as committed under the "Indian Country" 1.5%, of the 281 million persons in the American Indian or Alaska Native as Crimes Act (Title 18, United States United States. This population includes well as one or more additional races Code, Section 1152), the Indian persons who reported their race as (table 1). Country Major Crimes Act (Title 18, United States Code, Section 1153), and Table 1. American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) population, the Assimilative Crimes Act (Title 18, by place of residence, 2000 United States Code, Section 13). The 1994 Crime Act expanded Federal AIAN alone AIAN in combination criminal jurisdiction in Indian country in Number Percent Number Percent such areas as guns, violent juveniles, All areas 2,447,989 100.0% 1,867,876 100.0% drugs, and domestic violence. All American Indian and Alaska Native tribal areas 879,381 35.9% 142,366 7.6% Tribal authority to sentence offenders in All American Indian areas 821,417 33.5 136,354 7.3 Indian country is limited to a maximum Federal reservations and/or of 1 year of imprisonment and a $5,000 off-reservation trust lands 512,032 20.9 20,472 1.1 fine or both. (For a detailed discussion Oklahoma tribal statistical areas 227,043 9.3 99,360 5.3 Tribal-designated statistical areas 2,221 0.1 2,089 0.1 of criminal jurisdiction and sentencing in State reservations 917 0.0 100 0.0 Indian country, see 18 U.S.C. Subsec- State-designated American Indian tion 13; 1151; 1152; 1153; 1162; and 25 statistical areas 79,204 3.2 14,553 0.8 U.S.C. Subsection 1302.). Alaska native village statistical areas 57,964 2.4 5,792 0.3

Outside tribal areas 1,568,608 64.1% 1,725,510 92.4% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Special tabulation. .

2 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 An estimated 43.5% or 1,021,747 of all The majority (65%) of the 314 tribes are Almost 75% (140) of the tribes relied on American Indians who identified located within "mandatory" (123) or the States for some justice services (for themselves as American Indian or "optional" (81) P.L. 280 States (table 2). example, correctional and counseling Alaska Native indicated they resided on About 110 tribes are located in non-PL services). a Federal reservation or in a tribal 280 States. statistical area during Census 2000. About 188 tribes reported they have This report summarizes the BJS results some form of a justice system. More from participants in the 2002 Census of than a fifth (39) of those tribes Tribal Justice Agencies. Participation by supported the services of an indigenous Alaska Native tribes or villages was not court; almost a quarter received judicial extensive enough to enable their inclu- services from a BIA-operated Court of sion. Ninety-two percent (314) of the Indian Offenses (CFR); and a majority 341 tribes in the continental United (175) of the tribes had tribal courts. States participated.

Table 2. Number of tribes, by State, Public Law 280 status, and court systems

Number of tribes using Partici- Tribal Relying Public Law pated in justice Indigenous CFR* Tribal on State State 280 status census systems courts courts courts courts Alabama 1 1 0 0 1 0 Arizona Optional 17 16 3 0 16 0 California Mandatory 88 7 2 7 7 74 Colorado 2 1 0 1 1 0 Connecticut 2 2 1 0 2 0 Florida Optional 1 0 0 0 0 1 Idaho Optional 4 4 1 0 4 1 Iowa Optional 1 0 0 0 0 1 Kansas 4 4 0 0 4 0 Louisiana 4 3 0 1 3 2 Maine 4 2 0 0 2 4 Massachusetts 1 1 1 0 1 1 Michigan 12 9 2 1 9 3 Minnesota Mandatory 12 12 3 0 12 4 Mississippi 1 1 1 0 0 0 Montana Optional 6 6 1 0 5 0 Nebraska Mandatory 4 3 0 2 3 2 Nevada Optional 16 14 1 4 13 6 New Mexico 21 20 10 1 19 6 New York 4 2 1 0 1 2 North Carolina 1 1 0 0 1 0 North Dakota Optional 3 3 0 0 3 0 Oklahoma 37 18 0 22 16 5 Oregon Mandatory 8 8 1 0 8 6 Rhode Island 1 0 0 0 0 1 South Carolina 1 0 0 0 0 1 South Dakota 9 9 0 2 9 0 Texas 3 2 2 0 2 2 Utah Optional 4 2 0 2 2 2 Washington Optional 29 26 7 3 22 8 Wisconsin Mandatory 11 9 2 0 7 8 Wyoming 2 2 0 0 2 0

Total 314 188 39 46 175 140 *BIA-operated Court of Indian Offenses.

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 3

Law enforcement

Law enforcement in Indian country Tribal law enforcement agencies • An estimated 53% (86) of the tribal police with cross deputization agree- Adding to jurisdictional complexities in In 2001 half the tribes employed at ments were in mandatory or optional Indian country, law enforcement least 1 full-time sworn officer with P.L. 280 States. authority is dispersed among Federal, general arrest powers (table 3). State, local and tribal agencies. Tribal and State law enforcement • About 95 (58%) of the 165 tribes with reciprocating authority Among the tribes' inherent powers are at least 1 full-time sworn officer were in the authority to exercise criminal juris- a mandatory or optional P.L. 280 State. Sometimes only one governmental diction over all tribal members and the unit, State or tribal, is willing to cross- authority to arrest and detain • Nearly 80% (130) of the 165 tribes deputize. In such instances, States non-Indians for delivery to State or with at least 1 sworn officer indicated have recognized tribal police to have Federal authorities for prosecution. that their law enforcement agencies peace officer authority — to arrest tribal These tribal police powers are gener- operated through a P.L. 93-638 offenders off the reservation or detain ally limited to the reservation. The work contract or self-governance compact. nontribal offenders on the reservation. of tribal police is often critical to resolv- ing criminal cases referred to State and • Among the tribes operating with P.L. • About 57% (93) of the 165 tribes with Federal agencies because tribal police 638 contracts, about 56% (73) were tribal law enforcement officers reported usually discover the crime, interview located in a mandatory or optional being recognized by the State to have witnesses, and grasp the circum- P.L. 280 State. peace officer authority. stances involved. Often tribal police refer cases to U.S. attorney’s offices for Cross deputization agreements • Among the 93 tribes with police investigation, as tribal courts generally officers recognized by the State, 54% hear only misdemeanor cases. Cross deputization agreements have were in mandatory or optional P.L. 280 been used to enhance law enforcement States. The Federal Government — Bureau of capabilities in areas where State and Indian Affairs (BIA) and Federal Bureau tribal lands were contiguous and inter- • About 74 (45%) of the tribes with law of Investigation (FBI) — investigates mingled. Under some agreements, enforcement personnel had arrest crimes and directly enforces the law in Federal, State, county/local, and/or authority over tribal members off the Indian country. BIA also affects law tribal law enforcement officers have the reservation, with 55% in mandatory or enforcement indirectly by providing power to arrest Indian and non-Indian optional P.L. 280 States. funding to tribal governments.* wrongdoers wherever the violation of Public Law 93-638, the Indian Self- law occurs. • Almost 101 (62%) tribes with at least Determination of Act 1975, affords 1 sworn officer reported having arrest tribes — through Federal grants and • About 99% of the 165 tribal law authority over non-Indians on tribal contracts — the opportunity to provide enforcement agencies with at least one reservations. The majority (60%) of for their own police departments and sworn officer with arrest powers have tribes with arrest authority over other institutional services. cross deputization agreements with non-Indians on the reservation were in BIA law enforcement, neighboring mandatory or optional P.L. 280 States. Public safety on reservations in P.L. tribes/villages, neighboring nontribal 280 States is primarily the responsibility authorities, or Federal law enforcement For an in depth discussion on tribal law of local and tribal law enforcement. BIA agencies other than BIA (table 4). enforcement, see the BJS report Tribal directly provides policing for those Law Enforcement, 2000 tribes that request services and do not • Among the 163 tribes that reported . P.L. 280 States. over half (84) of the agreements were with neighboring nontribal authorities. *Office of Associate Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, Indian Country Law Enforcement Review, December 1999. The BIA funds many tribal governments to conduct their own law enforcement through what is called a 638 contract or compact (P. L. 93-638, the Indian Self-Determination Act (1975)).

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 5 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes 6 Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation yes no 12 Cocopah Tribe of Arizona yes yes 12 Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation yes yes 20 Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes 58 Hopi Tribe yes no 9 Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no 9 Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) no ...... Navajo Nation yes yes 321 Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes ...... Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona yes yes . . . Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation (Arizona) yes yes 51 San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes 25 Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes 76 Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes yes White (River) Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona yes yes 36 Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation yes yes 14 Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes yes 7 California Alturas Indian Rancheria no ...... Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no ...... Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no ...... Big Lagoon Rancheria no ...... Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation no ...... Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no ...... Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria no ...... Blue Lake Rancheria no ...... Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California no ...... Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians no ...... Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation yes yes 17 Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria no ...... Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria yes no . . . Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no ...... California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California) no ...... Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no ...... Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long) Group no ...... Cedarville Rancheria no ...... Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation no ...... Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria no ...... Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no ...... Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no ...... Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians yes no . . . Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria (California) no ...... Elk Valley Rancheria no ...... Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no ...... Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California no ......

6 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation (California) no ...... Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes yes . . . Graton Rancheria no ...... Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no ...... Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waikai Indians of California no ...... Guideville Rancheria no ...... Hoopa Valley Tribe yes yes 7 Hopland Band of Pomo Indians yes no . . . Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit Reservation (California) no ...... Ione Band of Miwok Indians no ...... Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California yes yes . . . Jamul Indian Village no ...... Karuk Tribe of California no ...... La Jolla Band of Luiseno Mission Indians no ...... La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation (California) no ...... Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California no ...... Lytton Rancheria no ...... Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria (California) no ...... Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation (California) no ...... Mesa Grande Band of Diequeno Mission Indians no ...... Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no ...... Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California yes no . . . Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no ...... Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation (California) no ...... Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation (California) no ...... Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no ...... Pinoleville Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch) no ...... Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no ...... Redding Rancheria no ...... Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Resighini Rancheria no ...... Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon Reservation, California no ...... Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Round Valley Reservation no ...... Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no ...... San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the San Manuel Reservation, California no ...... Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California no ...... Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria (California) no ...... Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation (California) no ...... Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation (California) no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 7 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no ...... Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria (California) no ...... Smith River Rancheria no ...... Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no ...... Susanville Indian Rancheria no ...... Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no ...... Table Bluff Reservation — Wiyot Tribe, California no ...... Table Mountain Rancheria no . . . 14 Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no ...... Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation no ...... Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne Rancheria of California no ...... Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no ...... United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California no ...... Upper LakeBand of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake Rancheria of California no ...... Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes yes . . . Yurok Tribe no ...... Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes yes 13 Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, (Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah) no ...... Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes yes 16 Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no . . . Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations yes yes 67 Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes yes . . . Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no ...... Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes yes 23 Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho yes yes 18

Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no ...... Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes yes 10 Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas yes yes 10 Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) yes no 8 Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes yes . . . Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes 9 Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana yes yes 7 Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no ...... Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe yes yes 9 Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no ...... Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no ...... Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes 7 Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes 5 Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes yes . . . Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes . . . Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes yes . . .

8 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no ...... Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) yes yes 15 Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) yes yes 8 Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan yes no . . . Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) yes yes . . . Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians no ...... Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians yes yes . . . Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes 37 Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes 15 Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no ...... Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) yes no 1 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no ...... Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no ...... Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation yes yes . . . Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no ...... Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe yes no . . . Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes 17 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation yes no . . . Prairie Island Indian Community no ...... Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) yes yes . . . Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no ...... Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no ...... Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes 38 Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana yes yes 31 Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation no . . . 23 of Montana Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation yes yes 13 Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) yes yes . . . Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana yes yes 10 Northern Cheyenne Tribe no ...... Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes yes 7 Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no ...... Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska yes yes . . . Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes no . . . Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) yes yes 1 Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes 2 Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) yes no . . . Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes yes 9 Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony (Nevada) yes yes 3 Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) yes yes . . .

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 9 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada yes yes . . . Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) yes yes 7 Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes yes 9 Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada no . . . 14 Summit Lake Paiute Tribe no ...... Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) yes yes 2 Walker River Paiute Tribe no . . . 4 Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no ...... Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes yes 3 Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation (Nevada) yes yes . . . New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) yes no 18 Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no . . . Pueblo of Acoma yes yes 8 Pueblo of Cochiti no ...... Pueblo of Isleta yes yes 14 Pueblo of Jemez yes no . . . Pueblo of Laguna yes yes 10 Pueblo of Nambe no ...... Pueblo of Picuris no . . . 3 Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes 7 Pueblo of San Felipe no ...... Pueblo of San Ildefonso no ...... Pueblo of San Juan yes yes 6 Pueblo of Sandia yes no 8 Pueblo of Santa Ana yes yes 12 Pueblo of Santa Clara yes yes 9 Pueblo of Santo Domingo no ...... Pueblo of Taos yes yes 7 Pueblo of Tesuque yes yes 9 Pueblo of Zia no ...... Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes yes 22 New York Cayuga Nation of New York no ...... Onondaga Nation of New York no ...... St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes yes 14 Tuscarora Nation no ...... North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no 30 North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no 9 Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, (North Dakota) yes no 21 Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes yes 26 Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes 9 Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) no ...... Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma yes no . . . Cherokee Nation yes yes 11 Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma yes yes 8 Chickasaw Nation no ...... Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes yes 20 Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes yes . . . Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] yes yes 4 Delaware Nation, Oklahoma (formerly Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma) no ......

10 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Delaware Tribe of Indians no ...... Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes . . . Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes 5 Kaw Nation yes yes 5 Kialegee Tribal Town no ...... Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes 7 Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes yes 17 Osage Tribe yes yes 3 Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes 6 Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes yes 3 Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no ...... Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes 8 Quapaw Tribe of Indians no ...... Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes yes 6 Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no . . . 3 Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no ...... Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no ...... Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes 4 Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) no ...... Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes 3 Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon yes yes 4 Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon no ...... Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians no ...... Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Indians yes yes 1 Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation yes yes 15 Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon yes yes 33 Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes yes 3 Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes no . . . Klamath Indian Tribe no ...... Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island yes yes 3 South Carolina Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina) no ...... South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes 53 Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no 8 Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes yes . . . Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes no . . . Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes 58 Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes yes 35 Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation (South Dakota) yes yes 13 Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no . . . Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no . . . Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no ...... Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no ...... Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes yes 11 Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes yes 1 Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no ...... Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes, Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes, Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band of Paiutes) no ...... Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 11 Table 3. Tribal law enforcement, 2002

Tribal law enforcement Tribe has at agency operates least one sworn through a PL Number of full-time law enforcement 93-638 or self- sworn officers with officer with governance arrest powers reported State Tribal name arrest powers contract in 2000 Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) yes yes . . . Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes yes 5 Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes yes 21 Cowlitz Indian Tribe no ...... Hoh Indian Tribe yes yes . . . Jamestown S’Klallam no ...... Kalispel Indian Community yes yes 1 Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) yes yes 5 Lummi Tribe yes yes 16 Makah Indian Tribe yes yes 4 Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) no ...... Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, (Washington) yes yes 11 Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes . . . Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes 5 Puyallup Tribe Reservation yes yes 17 Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation (Washington) yes yes . . . Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation (Washington) yes yes 15 Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no ...... Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes 1 Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington yes yes 4 Skokomish Indian Tribe yes no 5 Snoqualmie Tribe no ...... Spokane Tribe yes no . . . Squaxin Island Tribe of (Island) Reservation yes yes 7 Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes . . . Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation (Washington) yes yes 11 Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation (Washington) yes yes 7 Tulalip Tribes yes yes . . . Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes 1 Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation yes no . . . Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) no ...... Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) no ...... Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no ...... Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians yes yes . . . Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin yes yes . . . Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin yes no . . . Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes yes . . . Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Wisconsin) no ...... St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no . . . Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) yes no . . . Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) no ...... Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable. Data on full-time sworn officers are from the 2000 Census of State and local law enforcement agencies.

12 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002

Tribal law enforcement agency Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over– Neigh- Federal law by State to Tribal Non- Neigh- boring enforce- have peace members Indians boring non-tribal ment other officer off the on the State Tribal name BIA tribes authorities than BIA authority reservation reservation Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no yes yes no yes yes Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the yes Mericopa Indian no no yes no yes yes Reservation no no no no yes yes no Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council yes no yes no yes no yes Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no no no yes yes yes Hopi Tribe yes no yes yes yes yes yes Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no no yes yes no no Navajo Nation yes no yes yes yes no yes Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council ...... Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation (California and Arizona) yes no yes yes yes yes yes Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation (Arizona) yes no yes no yes no yes San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no yes no yes yes no Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes no yes yes yes Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona no no yes no yes yes yes White (River) Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation (Arizona) yes yes yes no yes no yes Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation no no yes yes yes yes yes Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no yes no yes no yes California Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation yes no no no no no yes Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no no no no no no Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no no yes Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes no yes no yes yes yes Hoopa Valley Tribe no no yes no yes yes yes Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no no no Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no no no no yes yes Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation (California) no no no no no no no Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes no no no no no yes Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no no no yes no yes Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no no no no no yes Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no no no no no yes Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations yes no yes no yes yes yes

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 13 Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002

Tribal law enforcement agency Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over– Neigh- Federal law by State to Tribal Non- Neigh- boring enforce- have peace members Indians boring non-tribal ment other officer off the on the State Tribal name BIA tribes authorities than BIA authority reservation reservation Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes no yes no no no no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no no no no yes no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho yes no no yes yes yes yes Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no yes no yes yes yes Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas yes no no no no no no Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) yes no no no no yes yes Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes no no no no no no Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes no yes yes yes yes yes Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no yes no yes yes yes Jena Band of Choctaw Indians ...... Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no yes no yes yes yes Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no no no no no Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no no no yes yes yes Penobscot Tribe of Maine no no no no yes yes yes Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no yes no yes yes yes Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes no yes no yes yes yes Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) yes no yes no yes no no Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) no no yes no yes yes yes Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) no no no no no no yes Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) yes no yes no yes no yes Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) no no yes no yes yes yes Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes no yes no yes yes yes Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no yes no no no no

14 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002

Tribal law enforcement agency Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over– Neigh- Federal law by State to Tribal Non- Neigh- boring enforce- have peace members Indians boring non-tribal ment other officer off the on the State Tribal name BIA tribes authorities than BIA authority reservation reservation Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) no no yes no yes no yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation no no yes no yes no yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no yes no yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe no no yes no yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no yes no yes no yes Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) no no no no no no no Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes no no no yes no yes Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation (Montana) no no yes no yes no yes Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation no no no no no yes yes Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) yes no yes no yes no no Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana no no no no no no no Northern Cheyenne Tribe Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no no no Ponca Tribe of Nebraska Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee no no no no Reservation of Nebraska yes no yes Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes no yes no yes Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) no no no no no no no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no no no no yes no no Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) no no no no no no no Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute no no no no no yes yes Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada no no no no yes no yes Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) no no no no no no yes Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony (Nevada) yes no no no yes yes no Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) no no yes no yes no yes Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no no no no yes no yes Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) no no no no no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 15 Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002

Tribal law enforcement agency Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over– Neigh- Federal law by State to Tribal Non- Neigh- boring enforce- have peace members Indians boring non-tribal ment other officer off the on the State Tribal name BIA tribes authorities than BIA authority reservation reservation Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes no no no no no yes Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada no no yes no no no yes New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) no no yes no yes yes no Mescalero Apache Tribe no no no no no no no Pueblo of Acoma yes no yes no yes yes yes Pueblo of Cochiti Pueblo of Isleta yes no yes no yes no yes Pueblo of Jemez no no no no no no no Pueblo of Laguna no no yes no no yes yes Pueblo of Pojoaque no no yes no yes yes yes Pueblo of San Juan no no yes no no no yes Pueblo of Sandia yes no yes no yes no yes Pueblo of Santa Ana no no yes no yes no no Pueblo of Santa Clara no no no no yes no no Pueblo of Taos yes no yes no yes yes yes Pueblo of Tesuque no no yes no yes yes yes Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, (New Mexico) yes no yes no yes no yes New York St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes no no no no yes no North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no no no no yes no yes North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no no no no no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota yes no yes yes no no yes Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota no no no no no yes yes Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no yes no yes yes no Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no no Cherokee Nation no no yes no yes yes yes Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no yes no yes no no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes no yes no no no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes no yes no yes yes yes Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] yes no no no yes yes yes Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes yes no yes yes yes Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no yes no yes yes yes Kaw Nation no no no no no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no yes yes no no no no Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no yes yes yes yes yes Osage Tribe yes no yes no yes yes yes Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no no no no no no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no yes no yes yes yes Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no yes no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes no yes no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no yes no Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes yes yes

16 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002

Tribal law enforcement agency Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over– Neigh- Federal law by State to Tribal Non- Neigh- boring enforce- have peace members Indians boring non-tribal ment other officer off the on the State Tribal name BIA tribes authorities than BIA authority reservation reservation Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon no no yes no yes no yes Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no yes no yes yes yes Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla no no yes no Indian Reservation no yes yes Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs no no yes no Reservation of Oregon yes no yes Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no yes no no yes yes Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no yes yes Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island yes no no no no no no South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no yes no yes no no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no no no yes no yes Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no yes yes yes yes yes Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes no no no no no no Oglala Sioux Tribe no no no no no no no Rosebud Sioux Tribe no no no no no no no Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota no no no no no no no Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of no no yes no yes no yes North and South Dakota Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no yes yes no no Texas Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no no no no no no Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation no no no no no no no Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) no no no no no yes no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation no no no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation no no yes no yes no no Hoh Indian Tribe no no no no no no no Jamestown S’Klallam Tribal Council Kalispel Indian Community yes yes no yes yes no yes Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) no no no no no no no Lummi Tribe no no no no no yes no Makah Indian Tribe no no no no no no no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation (Washington) yes no no yes no yes yes Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no no yes Port Gamble Indian Community yes no no no no no no Puyallup Tribal Council no no yes no yes yes yes Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation (Washington) no no no no no no no Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation (Washington) no no no no yes yes no Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington no no yes no yes yes yes Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation (Washington) no no yes no no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 17 Table 4. Tribal cross deputization and authority recognition on and off reservation, 2002

Tribal law enforcement agency Cross deputization agreements with – Recognized Arrest authority over– Neigh- Federal law by State to Tribal Non- Neigh- boring enforce- have peace members Indians boring non-tribal ment other officer off the on the State Tribal name BIA tribes authorities than BIA authority reservation reservation Skokomish Indian Tribe no no no no yes yes no Spokane Tribe yes no no no no no yes Squaxin Island Tribe no no yes no yes yes yes Stillaguamish Tribe yes no yes no no yes no Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation (Washington) no no no no no no no Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation (Washington) no no yes no no no yes Tulalip Tribes yes no yes no no yes yes Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no yes yes

Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation no no yes no yes yes yes Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes no yes Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no no no yes no yes Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no yes no yes yes yes Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no yes no yes yes yes St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no yes no yes yes yes Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) no no yes no yes yes yes Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable.

18 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Courts

Courts, caseloads, and special Tribal justice systems in Indian country Indigenous forum judicial services The court systems operating in Indian Historically, most tribes addressed The complexity of criminal jurisdiction country vary by tribe. The Indian criminal activity by consensus through in Indian country among the Federal, country judicial system revolves around "indigenous forum"– often referred to State, and tribal authorities also carries a core of four legal institutions: Court of as peacemaking, council of elders, and forward to the forums that decide crimi- Indian Offenses (Code of Federal sentencing circles. Indigenous courts nal cases in Indian country. Some Regulations or CFR), tribal courts of have served one of the most important issues are handled directly by indige- appeal, tribal courts of general jurisdic- roles exercised by tribal government: nous forums or tribal courts; others are tion, and indigenous forums (also resolving disputes in the community, sent through the Federal court system; known as traditional courts). In 2002, which may also extend to non- and still others are handled by State about 60% (188) of all the tribes had members who consent. courts (figure 1). some form of a tribal justice system.

Federal, State, and tribal court systems in the United States

U.S. Supreme Court

State supreme court U.S. court of appeals

Federal State U.S. Federal district court State appellate court justice justice * General Crimes Act * Major Crimes Act * Assimilative Crimes Act State trial court * Tribal Justice Habeas (Public Law 280 States) Corpus Petition

Major felony and non-Indian offender and victim crimes

Court of Indian Offenses (CFR)

Misdemeanor crimes among Habeas Indian offenders and victims corpus Tribal court of appeals Tribal Tribal court judicial system Indigenous forum (known as Traditional court)

Source: Adapted from Vine Deloria and Clifford M. Lytle, American Indians, American Justice, University of Texas Press, 1983.

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 19 A primary goal of the indigenous courts system that incorporates the dispute Most tribal courts heard traffic cases has been dispute resolution, to resolution elements of indigenous or (160), juvenile (157), family law cases mediate the case to the satisfaction of CFR courts and the more modern (147), domestic violence protective all parties. In 2002 about 39 (21%) of focus to ensure due process. orders (157), civil matters (182), all tribes with a justice system reported probate (115), and wildlife offenses operating an indigenous court in their Tribal courts were designed to operate (123). tribal jurisdiction (table 5). and enforce tribal constitutions and codes. About 175 (56%) of all tribes Over half (174) of all tribes indicated Court of Indian Offenses operated tribal courts on their reserva- they had at least one general jurisdic- tion in 2002. Appeals from tribal trial tion tribal court. Twenty-five percent The U.S. Department of Interior initially courts are rare, although most tribes (80) had a juvenile court, and 16% (51) set up the Court of Indian Offenses do provide some form of judicial review had a separate family court. (CFR) to handle less serious criminal in criminal cases. Fifty-eight percent offenses and to resolve disputes (103) of the tribal courts also had an between tribal members in Indian appellate court. Full-time court employees and country. In 1883 the CFR Courts were services for juvenile and family made a regular part of the BIA activi- Inter-tribal court system cases ties on the reservations, operating under written guidelines set down in Where it is economically and adminis- In 2002 an estimated 200 judges, 153 the Code of Federal Regulations. tratively feasible, a consortium of tribal prosecutors, and 20 peacemakers Between the 1880's and 1934, the governments (small or remotely were employed full time in Indian CFR court system operated in about located tribes) share a court (for country (table 7). two-thirds of all reservations. example, the Northwest Inter-tribal Court System and the Southwest Inter- On account of limited personnel and In 2002, about 46 tribes operated tribal Court of Appeals). Member tribes resources, some tribes relied on State under a CFR court on their reservation. of an intertribal court have joined their courts for judicial services. About 140 Among the 188 tribes with some form limited resources to ensure that each (45%) of all tribes relied on State court of tribal justice system, about 25% (46) tribe is able to have a court by sharing judicial services in some form. had CFR courts. judges, prosecutors, and related court services. An estimated 179 (57%) of all tribes in Tribal courts Indian country ordered treatment in About 15 (8%) of the 188 tribes that juvenile and/or family cases using Passage of the Indian Reorganization had some form of tribal justice system, county/municipal social service Act in 1934, encouraged tribes to enact were members of an intertribal justice agencies (not shown in table). their own laws and establish their own system in 2002. Some member tribes modern tribal courts. Tribes that could of the intertribal court consortium were Child support enforcement program not afford to set up their own courts entitled to appeal matters to a court of retained CFR courts operated by BIA, last resort. Just under a third (97) of all the tribes but the majority of tribes have estab- reported having a child support lished a formal tribal court system. Types of cases and courts enforcement program. A third of the tribes had tribal family codes for estab- Modern tribal courts, unlike the CFR The types of cases handled by the lishing paternity (115), codes for estab- courts, are under tribal control and are tribal justice systems vary with the lishing a child support order (119), directly oriented to the needs of tribal tribes and types of courts operating in codes for enforcing a child support members. Some tribes have devel- Indian country. In 2002 about 84% of order (120), and codes for modifying or oped a hybrid or blended judicial all tribes with some form of tribal adjusting a child support order (115). justice system handled criminal misde- meanor cases (table 6).

20 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court State Tribal name system Court) Tribal courts forum system Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes no yes no no

Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation yes . . . yes no no Cocopah Tribe of Arizona ...... Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council yes no yes yes no Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no yes no no Hopi Tribe yes no yes yes yes Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no yes no no Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no yes no no Navajo Nation yes no yes yes no Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes no yes no no Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona yes no yes no no Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona yes no yes no no San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no yes no no Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes no no Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no yes no no White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona yes no yes no no Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation yes no yes no no Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes . . . yes no no

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no ...... Bear River Band of Rohnerville ...... Rancheria no no Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu ...... Indians of California no no Big Lagoon Rancheria no no ...... Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation no no ...... Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no ...... Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria no yes ...... Blue Lake Rancheria no no ...... Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony ...... of California no no Buena Vista Rancheria no no ...... Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation yes yes yes no no Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria no no ...... Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no ...... Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no ...... California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California) no no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 21 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no yes ...... Capitan Grande Band of Diege- uno Mission Indians of California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long) Group no no ...... Cedarville Rancheria no no ...... Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation yes no yes yes no Cher-Ae Heights Indian Commu- nity of the Trinidad Rancheria no no ...... Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no ...... Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no ...... Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians yes no yes yes no Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria (California) no no ...... Elk Valley Rancheria no no ...... Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no ...... Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California no no ...... Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation (California) no no ...... Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes no yes no no Graton Rancheria no no ...... Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no no ...... Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waikai Indians of California no no ...... Guideville Rancheria no no ...... Hoopa Valley Tribe yes no yes no no Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit Reservation (California) no no ...... Ione Band of Miwok Indians no no ...... Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no ...... Jamul Indian Village no no ...... Karuk Tribe of California no no ...... La Jolla Band of Luiseno Mission Indians no no ...... La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation (California) no no ...... Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California no yes ...... Lytton Rancheria no no ...... Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester- Point Arena Rancheria (California) no no ......

22 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Manzanita Band of Diegueno Missions of the Manzanita Reservation (California) no no ...... Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no no ...... Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no ...... Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California no no ...... Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no no ...... Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indinas of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation (California) no no ...... Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation (California) no no ...... Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no no ...... Pinoleville Reservation of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch) no no ...... Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no ...... Redding Rancheria no no ...... Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no yes ...... Resighini Rancheria no no ...... Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon Reservation, California no no ...... Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Round Valley Reservation no no ...... Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no ...... San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the San Manuel Reservation, California no no ...... Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California no no ...... Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California no no ...... Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California no no ...... Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation, California no no ...... Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria, California no no ...... Smith River Rancheria no yes ...... Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no yes ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 23 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Susanville Indian Rancheria no no ...... Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no no ...... Table Bluff Reservation — Wiyot Tribe, California no no ...... Table Mountain Rancheria no no ...... Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no ...... Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation no no ...... Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne Rancheria of California no no ...... Twenty-nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no no ...... United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California no no ...... Upper Lake Band of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake Rancheria of California no no ...... Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woods- ford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes no yes no no Yurok Tribe yes no yes no yes

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no yes no no Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colo- -rado, New Mexico, and Utah no yes ......

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes no yes yes no Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no yes no no

Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Holly- wood, and Tampa Reservations no no ......

Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes no yes no no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes no yes no no Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no yes no no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho yes no yes yes no

Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no ......

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no yes no no Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas yes no yes no no Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) yes no yes no no Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes no yes no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes no yes no no Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana yes no yes no no Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no . . . no no Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes yes no no

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes no yes yes no

24 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no no ...... Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no ...... Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes no yes no no Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes no yes no no

Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes no yes yes no Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes no yes no no Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no ...... no Keweenaw Bay Indian Commu- nity, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reser- vation, Michigan) yes no yes no no Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) yes no yes no no Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes yes no Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) yes no yes no no Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians no no ...... Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Pota- watomi Indians of Michigan) yes no yes no no Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes no yes no no Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes no yes no no Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no ......

Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) yes no yes no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes no yes no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Bois Forte Band of Chippewa yes no yes no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Fond du Lac Reservation yes no yes no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Grand Portage Reservation yes no yes no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe yes no yes yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes no yes yes no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 25 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - White Earth Reservation yes no yes yes no Prairie Island Indian Community yes no yes no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) yes no yes no no Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota yes no yes no no Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota yes no yes no no

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes no no yes no

Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana yes no yes yes no Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana yes no yes no no Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation yes no yes no no Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) yes no yes no no Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reser- vation of Montana yes no yes no no Northern Cheyenne Tribe yes no no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes yes yes no no Ponca Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes no yes Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska no yes yes ...... Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes no no

Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) yes no yes yes no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes no no Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) yes no yes no no Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes no yes no no Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada yes yes yes no no Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) yes no yes no no Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada yes no yes no no Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) yes no yes no no Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no yes no no Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada yes yes yes no no Summit Lake Paiute Tribe no no ......

26 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) yes yes no no no Walker River Paiute Tribe yes no yes no no Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no no . . . no no Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes no yes no no Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada yes no yes no no

New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) yes no yes no no Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no yes no no Pueblo of Acoma yes . . . yes no no Pueblo of Cochiti yes no no yes no Pueblo of Isleta yes no yes no no Pueblo of Jemez yes no yes yes no Pueblo of Laguna yes no yes yes no Pueblo of Nambe yes no yes no no Pueblo of Picuris yes no yes yes no Pueblo of Pojoaque yes no yes yes no Pueblo of San Felipe no no ...... no Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no yes yes no Pueblo of San Juan yes no yes no yes Pueblo of Sandia yes no yes no no Pueblo of Santa Ana yes no yes yes no Pueblo of Santa Clara yes no yes no no Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes yes yes no Pueblo of Taos yes no yes yes no Pueblo of Tesuque yes no yes yes no Pueblo of Zia yes no yes no no Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reser- vation, New Mexico yes no yes no no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no Onondaga Nation of New York yes no no yes no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes no yes no no Tuscarora Nation no no yes ......

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no yes no no

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no yes no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota yes no yes no no Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes no yes no no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) no no yes ...... Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no yes yes ...... Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no yes yes ...... Cherokee Nation yes no yes no no Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma yes no yes no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 27 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Chickasaw Nation no yes yes no no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes yes yes no no Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] yes yes no no no Delaware Nation, Oklahoma (formerly Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma) no yes ...... Delaware Tribe of Indians yes no yes no no Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no yes ...... Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no yes ...... Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Kaw Nation yes no yes no no Kialegee Tribal Town yes no yes no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no yes ...... Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no yes ...... Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes no yes no no Osage Tribe yes no yes no no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes no no no Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no yes no no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no yes ...... Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Quapaw Tribal Business Committee no yes Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no yes ...... Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of ...... Oklahoma no yes Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no yes ...... Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no yes ...... Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no yes no no Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) no yes ...... Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no yes ......

Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon yes no yes no yes Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon yes no yes no no Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians yes no yes no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation yes no yes yes no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation yes no yes no no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon yes no yes no no Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes no yes no no Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes no yes no no Klamath Indian Tribe no yes ......

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island no no ......

28 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system South Carolina Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina) no no ......

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes yes no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no yes no no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no yes no no Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes yes yes no no Oglala Sioux Tribe yes no yes no no Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes no yes no no Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota yes no yes no no Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no yes no no Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no yes no no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas yes no yes yes no Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no no . . . yes Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes no yes yes no

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute no ...... Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no yes ...... Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes, Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes, Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band of Paiutes) yes yes ...... Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah yes no yes no no

Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) yes no yes yes no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes no no no yes Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation no no yes no no Cowlitz Indian Tribe yes no Hoh Indian Tribe yes no yes yes no Jamestown S’Klallam yes no no no yes Kalispel Indian Community yes no yes yes no Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) yes no yes no no Lummi Tribe yes no yes yes no Makah Indian Tribe yes no yes no no Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) yes no yes no no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nis- qually Reservation, Washington yes no yes no no Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes no yes Port Gamble Indian Community yes . . . no no yes Puyallup Tribal Council yes no yes yes no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 29 Table 5. Tribal court systems, 2002

Availability of BIA Operates Court of Indian Indigenous State Tribal name tribal justice Offenses (CFR methods and/or Intertribal court system Court) Tribal courts forum system Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Resevation, Washington yes no yes no no Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no no ...... Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington yes no yes no no Skokomish Indian Tribe yes no no no 1 Snoqualmie Tribe no no ...... Spokane Tribe yes no yes no no Squaxin Island Tribe yes no yes no no Stillaguamish Tribe yes no yes yes yes Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington yes yes yes no no Swinomish Indians of the Swino- mish Reservation, Washington yes no yes no yes Tulalip Tribes yes no yes no yes Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes no yes no no

Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation yes no yes yes yes Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previ- ously Forest County Potawa- tomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) yes no yes no no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) yes no no yes no Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no yes no no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes . . . yes no no Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin yes no yes no no Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin yes no no no no Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no yes no no Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Wisconsin) no no yes . . . no St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no yes no no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) no no ......

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) yes no yes no no Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable.

30 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002

General Peacemaking/ jurisdiction Wildlife circle State Tribal name tribal court Juvenile court Family court conservation sentencing Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes no no no

Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation yes no no no no Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council yes yes no no no Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reser- vation (Arizona) yes yes no no no Hopi Tribe yes yes yes yes no Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Huala- pai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes yes no no Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes no no no Navajo Nation yes yes yes yes yes Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes yes yes no no Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona yes yes yes no no Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona yes yes no no no San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes no Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes no no no Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no no no no White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona yes yes no no no Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp yes no no no no Verde Indian Reservation Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no no no no

California Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation yes yes no no no Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no yes no no no Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes no no no no Hoopa Valley Tribe yes yes yes no no Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes yes no no no Yurok Tribe yes no no no no

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no no no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes no no no yes Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no no no no

Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes yes no no no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes no no no no Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no no no no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho yes yes yes yes no

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas yes yes yes yes no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 31 Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002

General Peacemaking/ jurisdiction Wildlife circle State Tribal name tribal court Juvenile court Family court conservation sentencing Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) yes no no no no Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes yes yes yes no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes yes no no Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana yes no no no no Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes no no no

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes no no no yes

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes no Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes no

Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes no yes no Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes no no no no Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) yes yes no no no Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) yes yes no no no Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) yes no no no yes Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan yes no no no no Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes yes no Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes no no no Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes yes yes no

Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes yes no yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa yes yes no yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation yes no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no no no yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe yes no no yes yes

32 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002

General Peacemaking/ jurisdiction Wildlife circle State Tribal name tribal court Juvenile court Family court conservation sentencing Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Prairie Island Indian Community yes no no no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) yes yes yes no no Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux no no no no no Community of Minnesota Upper Sioux Community of yes no no no no Minnesota

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes yes yes yes

Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana yes yes yes no yes Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana yes no yes no no Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation yes no no no no Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) yes yes yes no no Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana yes yes yes yes yes Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes no no no no Ponca Tribe of Nebraska yes no no no no Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes yes yes yes no

Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) yes yes no no no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes yes no Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shos- hone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) no no no no no Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian yes no no no no Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada yes yes yes no no Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) yes no no no no Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada yes yes yes no no Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) yes no no no no Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no no no no Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada yes no no no no Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constitu ent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) no no no no no Walker River Paiute Tribe yes no no no no Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes yes no no no Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada no no no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 33 Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002

General Peacemaking/ jurisdiction Wildlife circle State Tribal name tribal court Juvenile court Family court conservation sentencing New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) yes no no no no Mescalero Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes no Pueblo of Acoma yes no no no no Pueblo of Cochiti no no no no no Pueblo of Isleta yes no no no no Pueblo of Jemez yes yes no no no Pueblo of Laguna yes no yes no no Pueblo of Nambe yes no no no no Pueblo of Picuris yes no no no no Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no no no no Pueblo of San Juan yes no no no no Pueblo of Sandia yes no no no no Pueblo of Santa Ana yes no no no no Pueblo of Santa Clara yes yes yes no no Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes yes no no Pueblo of Taos yes no no no yes Pueblo of Tesuque yes no no no no Pueblo of Zia yes yes yes no no Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes yes no no no

New York Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York no no no no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no no no no

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes yes no no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota yes yes yes yes no Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes no no no no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no no no Cherokee Nation yes no no no no Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma yes yes no no no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes no no no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes no no no no Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] yes yes no no no Delaware Tribe of Indians yes no no no no Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no Kaw Nation yes no no no no Kialegee Tribal Town yes no no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes no no no no Osage Tribe yes no no no no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes yes yes no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes yes no no no Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no no no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes no no no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no no no

34 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002

General Peacemaking jurisdiction Wildlife /circle State Tribal name tribal court Juvenile court Family court conservation sentencing Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon yes no no no no Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon yes yes yes no no Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians yes no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation yes no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation yes no no no no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon yes no no no no Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes no no no no Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes no no no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes no no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no no no no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no no no no Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes no no no no Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes no Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota yes no no no no Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota no yes yes no no Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes no no no no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas yes no no no no Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes yes no no no

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes no no no no Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah yes yes yes no no

Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) yes yes yes yes no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes yes yes no no Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes yes yes no no Hoh Indian Tribe yes no no no no Jamestown S’Klallam no no no yes no Kalispel Indian Community yes no no no yes Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) yes no no no no Lummi Tribe yes no no no no Makah Indian Tribe yes yes no no no Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) yes no no no no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington yes no no no no Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes no no no no Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes yes no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 35 Table 6. Type of separate tribal courts, 2002

General Peacemaking/ jurisdiction Wildlife circle State Tribal name tribal court Juvenile court Family court conservation sentencing Puyallup Tribal Council yes no no no yes Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Resevation, Washington yes no no no no Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Resevation, Washington yes no no no no Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington yes no no no no Skokomish Indian Tribe yes yes no no no Spokane Tribe yes yes no no no Squaxin Island Tribe yes no no no no Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes yes yes no Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington yes no no no no Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington yes no no no no Tulalip Tribes yes no yes yes no Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes no

Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation yes no yes yes yes Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) yes no no no no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) yes no no no no Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no no no no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes yes yes yes no Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin yes no no no no Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no no yes no Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no no no no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) yes yes yes yes yes

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) yes yes no no no Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable.

36 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working in the tribal justice system, 2002

Number of full-time personnel Tribal court Appellate court Public Staff State Tribal name judges judges Prosecutors defenders attorneys Peacemakers Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama 0 0 0 0 0 0

Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation 2 0 1 1 0 0 Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council 3 0 3 2 0 0 Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) 5 0 0 0 0 0 Hopi Tribe 4 1 3 4 2 0 Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) 2 0 2 0 0 0 Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Navajo Nation 15 3 22 5 8 0 Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council 3 3 2 2 0 0 Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona 1 0 0 0 0 0 Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona 6 0 5 4 1 0 San Carlos Apache Tribe 5 3 2 1 0 0 Tohono O'odham Nation 5 0 6 5 1 0 Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona 1 0 1 0 0 4 White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation 2 0 2 1 0 0 Yavapai-Prescott Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

California Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation 2 0 1 0 1 0 Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada 1 0 1 1 0 0 Hoopa Valley Tribe 1 0 0 0 1 0 Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dressler- ville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) 1 0 1 3 0 0 Yurok Tribe 0 0 0 0 2 0

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe 2 0 1 1 0 0 Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe 1 0 0 0 0 0 Mohegan Indian Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) 2 0 1 1 0 0 Kootenai Tribe of Idaho 1 0 0 0 0 0 Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho 1 0 1 0 0 0 Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho 3 0 3 2 0 0

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska 1 0 1 0 0 0 Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas 1 3 1 1 0 0 Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 37 Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working in the tribal justice system, 2002

Number of full-time personnel Tribal court Appellate court Public Staff State Tribal name judges judegs Prosecutors defenders attorneys Peacemakers Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska 1 0 1 0 0 0

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana 1 1 0 0 0 0 Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana 1 3 1 0 0 0 Tunica-Biloxi Tribe 1 0 0 0 0 0

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine 0 0 0 0 0 0 Penobscot Tribe of Maine 0 0 0 0 0 0

Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan 1 1 1 0 0 1 Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) 0 0 0 0 2 0 Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) 2 0 2 1 0 0 Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) 1 0 1 1 0 0 Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) 0 0 1 0 0 1 Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) 0 0 0 0 2 0 Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan 2 3 1 0 1 0 Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan 1 0 1 1 0 0 Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians

Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Commu- nity of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation 1 0 0 0 2 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe 1 3 1 1 0 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa 1 0 1 1 0 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe 0 0 1 0 0 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe 1 0 3 6 1 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation 9 3 1 0 1 1 Prairie Island Indian Community 0 0 0 0 0 0

38 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working in the tribal justice system, 2002

Number of full-time personnel Tribal court Appellate court Public Staff State Tribal name judges jjudges Prosecutors defenders attorneys Peacemakers Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) 4 4 3 1 0 0 Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota 2 0 1 1 2 0 Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians 4 1 0 1 1 1

Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana 4 0 3 0 1 0 Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana 2 1 2 2 0 0 Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation 3 1 1 0 0 0 Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) 4 0 2 4 6 0 Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana 2 0 1 1 0 0 Northern Cheyenne Tribe 2 0 1 0 0 0

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska 0 0 1 1 0 0 Ponca Tribe of Nebraska 0 0 0 0 0 0 Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska 1 0 1 1 0 0

Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) 1 0 0 0 0 0 Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada 1 0 1 0 1 0 Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) 1 0 1 0 0 0 Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian 0 0 0 0 1 0 Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada 1 0 1 0 1 0 Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reno-Sparks Indian Colony 0 0 0 1 0 0 Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada 1 0 1 0 0 0 Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Walker River Paiute Tribe 0 0 0 0 1 5 Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada 1 0 1 0 0 0 Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada 0 0 0 0 0 0

New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) 2 0 1 1 0 0 Mescalero Apache Tribe 3 0 1 0 0 0 Pueblo of Acoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Cochiti 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Isleta 2 0 1 1 0 0

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 39 Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working in the tribal justice system, 2002

Number of full-time personnel Tribal court Appellate court Public Staff State Tribal name judges judges Prosecutors defenders attorneys Peacemakers Pueblo of Jemez 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Laguna 1 0 1 0 0 0 Pueblo of Nambe 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Picuris 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of San Ildefonso 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of San Juan 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Sandia 1 0 1 0 0 0 Pueblo of Santa Ana 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Santa Clara 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Santo Domingo 2 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Taos 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Tesuque 1 0 0 0 0 0 Pueblo of Zia 0 0 0 0 0 0

New York Onondaga Nation of New York 0 0 0 0 0 0 St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York 0 0 0 0 0 0

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians 3 3 1 0 0 0

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota 2 0 1 0 0 0 Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota 2 0 1 0 0 0 Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota 3 0 1 1 0 0

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cherokee Nation 0 0 0 0 5 0 Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma 3 0 0 0 1 0 Citizen Potawatomi Nation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] 0 0 0 0 0 0 Delaware Tribe of Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0 Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kaw Nation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kialegee Tribal Town 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Muscogee (Creek) Nation 0 0 1 0 0 0 Osage Tribe 1 0 1 1 0 0 Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon 0 0 0 0 0 0 Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon 0 0 0 0 5 0 Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians 0 0 0 0 1 0 Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation 0 0 0 0 1 0 Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 1 0 1 1 0 0 Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon 3 0 3 0 2 0 Coquille Tribe of Oregon 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians 0 0 0 0 0 0

40 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working in the tribal justice system, 2002

Number of full-time personnel Tribal court Appellate court Public Staff State Tribal name judges judges Prosecutors defenders attorneys Peacemakers South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe 3 0 3 2 0 0 Crow Creek Sioux Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) 1 0 1 0 0 0 Oglala Sioux Tribe 3 4 4 30 0 0 Rosebud Sioux Tribe 3 6 3 2 0 0 Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota 0 0 0 1 0 0 Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota 2 0 1 0 0 0 Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota 1 0 1 0 0 0

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ysleta del Sur Pueblo 0 0 0 0 0 0

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah 0 0 2 0 0 0

Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) 3 0 2 2 0 0 Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation 1 3 1 0 0 0 Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation 3 0 3 2 3 0 Hoh Indian Tribe 1 0 0 0 0 0 Jamestown S’Klallam 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kalispel Indian Community 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) 1 0 0 0 0 0 Lummi Tribe 1 0 1 2 6 0 Makah Indian Tribe 1 0 1 1 0 0 Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually 0 0 0 0 1 0 Reservation, Washington Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington 0 0 1 0 0 0 Port Gamble Indian Community 0 0 0 0 0 0 Puyallup Tribal Council 2 0 2 0 0 0 Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation, Washington 1 0 0 0 0 0 Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation, Washington 1 0 0 0 1 0 Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington 0 0 0 0 0 1 Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington 0 0 0 0 0 0 Skokomish Indian Tribe 0 0 1 0 0 5 Spokane Tribe 0 0 1 1 1 0 Squaxin Island Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 41 Table 7. Number of full time judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and attorneys working in the tribal justice system, 2002

Number of full-time personnel Tribal court Appellate court Public Staff State Tribal name judges judges Prosecutors defenders attorneys Peacemakers Stillaguamish Tribe 0 0 0 0 0 0 Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington 1 0 1 0 3 0 Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tulalip Tribes 1 0 1 1 0 0 Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington 1 1 1 0 0 0

Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation 0 0 0 0 0 0 Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) 1 0 1 0 2 0 Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) 2 0 0 1 1 0 Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin 0 0 0 0 1 0 Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin 1 0 1 0 0 0 Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin 2 1 2 0 0 0 Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin 0 3 0 0 1 0 Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin 1 0 1 0 1 0 `Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) 3 0 1 0 0 0 Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . . Not reported or applicable.

42 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Corrections

Sentencing, sanctions and The provision of intermediate sanctions Probation supervision for adults varied by the type of justice forum operating in the tribal jurisdiction. Probation in Indian country, similar to Criminal sentencing in tribal courts is The majority of the tribes with a justice that imposed by Federal and State generally limited to a maximum of 1 forum provided intermediate sanctions courts, is a part of the sentencing year of imprisonment and a $5,000 fine to adults that included drug or alcohol process providing an alternative to or both [25 U.S.C § 1302(7)(3)]. By rehabilitation, counseling or therapy to imprisonment by allowing a convicted constitution, some tribes further restrict the offender, and some type of commu- offender to stay in the community, the types of sentences imposed in their nity service. usually under conditions and the super- respective courts. vision of a probation officer. A violation For the 175 tribes operating their own of the probation terms can lead to its Detention in Indian country tribal courts, 84% provided monetary revocation and to imprisonment. fines without incarceration; 79%, The detention of offenders for offenses counseling or therapy; 79%, alcohol Forty-one percent of all tribes (314) that occur in Indian country varies by rehabilitation; 78%, some type of maintained a probation function for crime, the State’s P.L. 280 status, and community service; 74%, drug rehabili- adults (not shown in table). Thirty-nine the existence of a tribal jail. In 2002 tation; 74%, restitution without incar- percent provided probation for nearly 68% (212) of the tribes were ceration; and 22%, victim-offender juveniles. The provision of probation for provided detention services from a reconciliation for adults. adults and juveniles varied slightly by local county government (table 8). the type of justice system. Among the Juvenile intermediate sanctions 175 tribes operating their own tribal About 23% (71) of all tribes provided courts, about 70% offered probation to their own detention function. Among Out of 314 participating tribes, 45% adults, and 66% to juveniles. the 175 tribes that had their own tribal provided counseling or therapy; 44%, courts, an estimated 35% (62) had alcohol rehabilitation; 44%, monetary Residential programs detention facilities for persons who fines without incarceration; 43%, some committed offenses on the reservation. type of community service; 41%, drug In 2002 less than 10% of all tribes rehabilitation; 36%, restitution without (314) reported having their own juvenile Adult intermediate sanctions incarceration; and 12%, victim-offender residential facility (not shown in table). reconciliation for juveniles. As with the For juveniles who had committed Intermediate sanctions include restitu- adults, a majority of the tribes operating offenses on tribal land, tribes were tion, reconciliation, substance abuse a tribal court provided intermediate more likely to use the residential facili- programs, community service, counsel- sanctions to juveniles that included ties of the local county or non-tribal ing, fines, and other types of sentences drug or alcohol rehabilitation, counsel- agencies than the facilities of another without incarceration. In 2002 slightly ing or therapy to the offender, and tribe. About 41% indicated the use of a less than half of all tribes provided some type of community service. county facility or that of a non-tribal some intermediate sanctions against agency to place juveniles; about 17% adults for criminal violations in Indian Among the 175 tribes operating their used the residential facility of another country (table 9). own tribal courts, about 75% provided tribe. counseling or therapy; 74%, alcohol Over two-fifths of 314 tribes participat- rehabilitation; 73%, some type of On the 175 reservations with a tribal ing in the census provided monetary community service; 71%, monetary court system, about 13% had their own fines without incarceration; counseling fines without incarceration; 70%, drug juvenile residential facility. Approxi- or therapy; alcohol rehabilitation; some rehabilitation; 62%, restitution without mately 26% of the tribes with their own type of community service; drug incarceration; and 21%, victim-offender tribal court system used the juvenile rehabilitation; restitution without incar- reconciliation for juvenile offenders. residential facilities of another tribe, ceration; and victim-offender reconcilia- and 68% placed juveniles in county or tion. non-tribal agency facilities.

For an indepth analysis of correctional facilities on reservations, see BJS Bulletin, Jails in Indian Country, 2003, (NCJ 208597) at .

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 43 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no no no yes no Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation no no yes no no no Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no no no no yes no Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council no no no no yes no Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no yes no no no Hopi Tribe yes no no no no no Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no no no no no Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no no no no no Navajo Nation no no yes no no no Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council no no yes no no no Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona no no no no yes no Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona no no yes no no no San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no yes no no no Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes no no no Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no no no yes no White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona no no yes no no no Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation yes no no no yes no Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no no no yes no California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no no no yes no Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no no no no yes no Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no yes no Big Lagoon Rancheria no no no yes no no Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation no no no no yes no Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no no no no Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria no no no no yes no Blue Lake Rancheria no no no no yes no Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California no no no no yes no Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians no no no no yes no Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation no no no yes no no Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria no no no no yes no Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no yes no no no Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no no no yes no California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California) no no no no no no Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no no no no yes no Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long) Group no no no no yes no Cedarville Rancheria no no no no yes no Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation yes no no no yes no Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria no no no no yes no Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no no yes no Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no no yes no Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no yes no Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no yes yes no Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria (California) no no no no yes no Elk Valley Rancheria no no no no yes no

44 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no yes no Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California no no no no yes no Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation (California) no no no no yes no Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes no yes yes yes no Graton Rancheria no no no no yes no Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no no no no yes no Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waikai Indians of California no no no no yes no Guideville Rancheria no no no no yes no Hoopa Valley Tribe no no no no no no Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no no yes no Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit Reservation (California) no no no no yes no Ione Band of Miwok Indians no no no no yes no Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no yes no yes no Jamul Indian Village no no no no yes no Karuk Tribe of California no no no no yes no La Jolla Band of Luiseno Missions Indians no no no no yes no La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation (California) no no no no yes no Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California no no no no yes no Lytton Rancheria no no no no yes no Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria (California) no no no yes yes no Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation (California) no no no no no no Mesa Grande Band of Diejueno Mission Indians no no no no yes no Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no no no Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California no no no no yes no Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no no no no yes no Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation (California) no no no no yes no Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation (California) no no no no yes no Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no no no no yes no Pinoleville Rancheria Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch) no no no no yes no Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no no yes no no Redding Rancheria no no no no yes no Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Resighini Rancheria no no no no yes no Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon Reservation, California no no no no yes no Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Round Valley Reservation no no no no yes no Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no no yes no San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the San Manuel Reservation, California no no no yes yes yes Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California no no no no yes no Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California no no no no yes no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 45 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California no no no no yes no Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation, California no no no no no no Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no no yes no Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria, California no no no no yes no Smith River Rancheria no no no no yes no Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no no no yes no no Susanville Indian Rancheria no no no no yes no Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no no no no yes no Table Bluff Reservation - Wiyot Tribe, California no no no yes yes no Table Mountain Rancheria no no yes no yes no Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no no no yes no Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation no no no no yes no Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne Rancheria of California no no no no yes no Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no no no no yes no United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California no no no no yes no Upper LakeBand of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake Rancheria of California no no no no yes yes Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes no no no yes no Yurok Tribe no no yes no yes no Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe no no yes no no no Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah yes no no no no no Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no no no no no Mohegan Indian Tribe no no no yes no no Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations no no no no yes no Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no no yes yes no Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) no yes yes yes yes no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no yes no yes yes no Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho no yes no no yes no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho no no yes no no no Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska no no no no yes no Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas no no yes no yes no Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) no no yes yes yes no Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska no no yes no yes no Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no no no yes yes no Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no yes no no no Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no no yes yes no Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no no no yes no Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no no yes no Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no no no no no no Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no no yes yes no Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no no yes yes no Penobscot Tribe of Maine no no no yes yes no

46 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes yes no yes no Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously no no no no yes no listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no no no yes no Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) no no no no yes no Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) no no yes no no no Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) no no no yes yes no Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) no no no no yes no Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians no no no no yes no Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) no no no no yes no Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan no no no no yes no Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no no yes yes no Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no yes no Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) no no no yes yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no no no yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no no no no yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Fond du Lac Reservation no no no yes yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Grand Portage Reservation no no no no yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no no yes yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe no no no yes yes no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe - White Earth Reservation no no no yes yes no Prairie Island Indian Community no no no no no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) no no no no no no Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no no yes no Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no yes yes no Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians no no yes no no no Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana no no no no no no Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana yes no yes no no no Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation no no yes no no no Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) no no yes no no no Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana no no yes no yes no Northern Cheyenne Tribe yes no no no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no yes no no no Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no no yes yes no Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska no no no no yes no Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no no yes no yes no

Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) no no no no yes no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes no no no no no Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) yes no no no no . . .

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 47 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Las Vegas Paiute Tribe yes no no no yes no Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada no no no no yes no Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) yes no no yes no no Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada no no yes no no no Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) no no no no yes no Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no no no yes no Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada yes no no no no no Summit Lake Paiute Tribe yes no no no no no Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) yes no no no yes no Walker River Paiute Tribe no no yes no no no Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no no no no yes no Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes no no no yes no Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada yes no no no yes no

New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) no no yes no no no Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no no no no no Pueblo of Acoma no no yes no yes no Pueblo of Cochiti yes no no no no no Pueblo of Isleta no no no no yes no Pueblo of Jemez yes no no no yes no Pueblo of Laguna no no yes yes yes no Pueblo of Nambe yes no no no yes no Pueblo of Picuris yes yes no no no no Pueblo of Pojoaque no no no no yes no Pueblo of San Felipe yes no no no no no Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no yes no yes no Pueblo of San Juan no no yes no no no Pueblo of Sandia no yes yes yes yes no Pueblo of Santa Ana no no no yes yes no Pueblo of Santa Clara no no no no no no Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes no no no yes no Pueblo of Taos no no yes no yes no Pueblo of Tesuque no no no no yes no Pueblo of Zia no no no yes yes no Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico no no yes no no no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no no no no no Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no yes no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York no no no yes no no Tuscarora Nation no no no no yes no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no yes no yes yes no

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no no no no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota yes no no no no no Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes no no no no no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no yes yes no Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) no no no no yes no Apache Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no no Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no no Cherokee Nation no no yes no no no Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes no Chickasaw Nation no no no no yes no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no no no yes no

48 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] no no yes no yes no Delaware Nation, Oklahoma [formerly Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma] yes no no no no no Delaware Tribe of Indians yes yes no yes no no Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no no Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes no no no Kaw Nation no no no no yes no Kialegee Tribal Town no no yes no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no no no Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no no no yes no Osage Tribe no no yes no yes no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no yes no no no Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes no Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no no no no Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no yes no no no Quapaw Tribe Indian yes no no no yes no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes no Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes no Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no no yes no Thlopthlocco Tribal Town yes yes no no no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no yes no Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) no no no no yes no Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no yes no

Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon no no no no yes no Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon no no no yes yes no Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians no no no no yes no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no yes no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation no no no no yes no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon no no yes no no no Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no no no yes no Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no yes no Klamath Indian Tribe no no no yes yes no

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island no no yes yes no no

South Carolina Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina) no no no no yes no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no yes no Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes no no no no no Oglala Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no Rosebud Sioux Tribe no no yes no no no Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota no no yes no no no Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no no no no no Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no yes no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no yes yes no Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no no no no yes no Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no yes no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 49 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation no no yes no no no Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no no no yes yes no Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes, Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes, Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band of Paiutes) no no no no yes no Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah yes no no yes yes no Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) no no yes no no no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation no no yes no no no Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation no no no no yes no Cowlitz Indian Tribe no no no yes no no Hoh Indian Tribe no no yes no no no Jamestown S’Klallam no yes no yes yes yes Kalispel Indian Community yes no no no yes no Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) no no no no yes no Lummi Tribe no no no no yes no Makah Indian Tribe no no yes no no no Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) no no no no yes no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington no no yes no no no Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no yes no Port Gamble Indian Community no yes yes yes yes no Puyallup Tribal Council no no yes no no no Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Resevation, Washington no no no no yes no Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Resevation, Washington no no yes no no no Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no no no no no no Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no yes no Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington no no yes no no no Skokomish Indian Tribe no no no no no no Snoqualmie Tribe no no no no yes no Spokane Tribe yes no no no no no Squaxin Island Tribe no no no no no no Stillaguamish Tribe no no yes no yes no Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington no no yes no no no Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington no no yes no yes no Tulalip Tribes no yes yes no yes no Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no no yes no no no Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation no yes no yes yes no Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) no no no no yes no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) no no no yes yes no Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no yes yes no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes no Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no yes no no no Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no no yes yes no Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes no Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indinas, Wisconsin) no no no no yes no

50 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 8. Tribal law enforcement detention functions, 2002

Agencies that perform tribal detention functions State Tribal name BIA FBI* Tribal State County Indigenous St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) no no no yes yes no

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) yes no no no no no Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation yes no no no no no

Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable. *Persons detained by the FBI are held at a Federal Bureau of Prison (BOP) facility.

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 51 Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing Drug Alcohol Community Counseling/ Fine without State Tribal name rehabilitation rehabilitation service therapy incarceration Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes yes yes yes

Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Cocopah Tribe of Arizona Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation yes yes yes yes yes Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes yes yes yes Hopi Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes yes yes yes Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes yes yes yes Navajo Nation yes yes yes yes yes Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council yes yes yes yes yes Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona no yes yes yes yes Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona no yes yes yes yes San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes yes yes yes Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes yes yes yes yes White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona yes yes yes yes yes Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

California Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation yes no yes no yes Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation no no no no no Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes yes yes yes yes Hoopa Valley Tribe no no no no no Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes yes no yes yes Yurok Tribe no no no no no

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Mohegan Indian Tribe no no no no no

Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes yes yes yes yes Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes yes no yes yes Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes yes yes yes yes Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho yes yes yes yes yes

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes yes yes yes yes Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas yes yes yes yes yes Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) yes yes yes yes yes Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and no no no no yes Nebraska

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes yes yes yes Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no no no no

52 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing Drug Alcohol Community Counseling/ Fine without State Tribal name rehabilitation rehabiliation service therapy incarceration Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no yes yes yes

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes yes yes yes yes

Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes yes Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes yes yes yes

Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes no no yes Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes yes yes Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Mi yes yes yes yes yes Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes yes yes Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes no yes Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan no no yes no no Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes yes yes Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes yes yes yes Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes yes yes yes

Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reserva no no no no yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa yes yes yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no no no yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no yes yes yes Prairie Island Indian Community no yes no no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) yes yes yes yes yes Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no yes yes no no Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no no no

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes yes yes yes

Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana yes yes yes yes yes Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana yes yes yes yes yes Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation(Montana) no yes yes yes yes Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana yes yes yes yes yes Northern Cheyenne Tribe yes yes yes yes yes

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes yes no no yes Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes yes yes yes yes

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 53 Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing Drug Alcohol Community Counseling/ Fine without State Tribal name rehabilitation rehabilitation service therapy incarceration Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) yes yes yes yes yes Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes yes yes Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) no no no no yes Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian yes yes yes yes yes Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada yes yes yes yes yes Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) yes yes yes yes yes Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada yes yes yes yes yes Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) yes yes yes yes yes Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes yes yes yes yes Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada no no no no no Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band and Wells Band) yes yes yes yes yes Walker River Paiute Tribe yes yes no yes yes Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes yes yes yes yes Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada yes yes yes yes yes

New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) yes yes yes yes yes Mescalero Apache Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Acoma yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Cochiti yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Isleta yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Jemez yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Laguna yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Nambe yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Picuris yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of San Felipe Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of San Juan yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Sandia yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Santa Ana yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Santa Clara yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Taos yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Tesuque yes yes yes yes yes Pueblo of Zia no yes yes yes yes Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes yes yes yes yes

New York Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York no yes yes yes yes

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes yes yes yes yes

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes yes no no yes Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota yes yes yes yes yes Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes yes yes yes yes

54 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing, 2002

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing Drug Alcohol Community Counseling/ Fine without State Tribal name rehabilitation rehabilitation service therapy incarceration Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes Cherokee Nation yes yes yes yes yes Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma yes yes yes no yes Chickasaw Nation Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes yes yes yes yes Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] no no yes no no Delaware Tribe of Indians no no no no yes Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes Kaw Nation no no no yes yes Kialegee Tribal Town no no no yes no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes yes yes yes yes Osage Tribe no no yes yes yes Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes yes yes yes no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no yes yes yes yes Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes yes yes yes yes Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no yes no yes

Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon yes yes yes yes yes Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon ...... Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Reservation yes yes yes yes no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon yes yes yes yes yes Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no no no no Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no yes yes yes yes Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no yes yes yes yes Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes yes yes yes yes Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes yes no yes yes Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota yes yes yes yes yes Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota no yes yes yes yes Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota yes yes yes yes no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no no no Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes yes yes yes no

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah yes yes yes yes yes

Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) yes yes yes yes yes Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Hoh Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Jamestown S’Klallam yes yes no yes no Kalispel Indian Community yes yes yes yes yes

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 55 Table 9. Types of intermediate sanctions in tribal adult criminal sentencing

Intermediate sanctions in criminal sentencing

Drug Alcohol Community Counseling/ Fine without State Tribal name rehabilitation rehabilitation service therapy incarceration Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) yes yes yes yes yes Lummi Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Makah Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) yes no no yes no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes yes no Puyallup Tribal Council yes yes yes yes yes Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Resevation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Resevation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes Samish Indian Tribe, Washington Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes Skokomish Indian Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Spokane Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Squaxin Island Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes yes yes yes Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington yes yes yes yes yes Tulalip Tribes yes yes yes yes yes Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes yes yes

Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation yes yes yes yes yes Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) no no no no no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) no no no no no Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no yes yes Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin yes yes yes yes yes Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no no no yes Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes yes no no no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) no no yes yes yes

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) yes yes no no yes Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation yes yes no no yes Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . . Not reported or applicable.

56 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Criminal history records

Collection and sharing of data The Lychner Act of 1996 imposed two were against American Indians. for criminal justice statistics major obligations on the FBI effective However, on average 5 criminal and October 3, 1997: 44 civil cases involved a non-Indian Tribes differ in their access to State defendant in the prior calendar year. 1. To establish a national database at and national record systems, in how The Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe the FBI to track each person convicted they measure incidents of crime, and of a criminal offense against a minor or of Michigan reported the largest in how they integrate and share crimi- of a sexually violent offense. number of criminal (500) and civil nal justice information. (1,500) cases filed against non-Indian 2. To register and verify the addresses defendants during 2001. The National Crime Information Center of sex offenders who reside in States that do not have a "minimally sufficient" Integrated justice information systems Operated by the FBI, the National sex offender registry program. Crime Information Center (NCIC) is a An integrated criminal justice informa- computerized index of criminal justice tion system uses technology to allow information (for example, files on crimi- For most offenders, address verifica- the seamless sharing of information at tion is yearly, but for those who have nal history, fugitives, stolen property, critical decision points throughout the been designated as a sexually violent and missing persons). Data indexed by justice system. In many tribes today, predator, address verification is NCIC are provided by the Federal, required every 90 days. (For a detailed integration efforts are under way to link State, local, and foreign criminal justice discussion of the NSOR, see tribal agencies not only to State and agencies and by authorized courts. .) Federal record systems but also to NCIC is available to law enforcement other tribal agencies. agencies 365 days a year. In 2002, 54 tribes (18%) reported they submit offender information to the The information shared can include all About 55% of the tribes had access to NSOR (table 11). criminal justice related data, such as NCIC (table 10). Seventy-two percent photographs, fingerprints, DNA identifi- of tribes did not submit criminal history Number and types of crime cation records, case records, court records to the State or Federal reposi- calendars, electronic messages, and tories. Almost 18% (55) of the tribes Nearly 70% (213) of the tribes recorded documents. Integration allows a single reported submitting criminal history the number and types of criminal agency — like a tribal police depart- records to a State and 17% to the FBI. incidents occurring in their jurisdiction. ment, a prosecutor’s office, a court, or The method of tribal recording of crime a corrections program — to distribute National Sex Offender Registry on the reservations was manual (29%), information among its own personnel electronic (24%), or both (47%). and to share that information with multi- The FBI's National Sex Offender ple justice agencies. Registry (NSOR) is a network of State Among all tribes with a tribal justice sex offender registries across the system, there was an average of 784 In 2002 less than 10% (27) of the tribes United States. Initially each State regis- criminal cases and 523 civil cases filed reported their justice agencies were try was responsible for registering and during the prior calendar year. The electronically networked with other tracking the movements of sex offend- Navajo reservation had the largest justice agencies on the reservation ers within its jurisdiction. However, number of criminal (31,057) and civil (table 12). About 12% (36) of the tribes when registered offenders moved from (46,876) cases filed during 2001. indicated justice agencies in the tribe one State to another, individual States were electronically networked with could not track them. The tribal justice agencies reported that justice agencies outside the tribe. the majority of the criminal and civil offenses filed in the last calendar year About 12 tribes reported they routinely shared crime statistics with neighboring local governments; 14, with the State government; and 13, with the FBI (table 13). Tribes were least likely to report routinely sharing crime statistics with other tribes (6).

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 57 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama yes yes no

Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation yes no no Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no no no Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation yes no no Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no no Hopi Tribe yes yes yes Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes no no Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no no Navajo Nation yes yes yes Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council ...... Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona yes yes no Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona yes no no San Carlos Apache Tribe yes no no Tohono O'odham Nation yes no yes Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes no no White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona yes yes yes Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation yes no no Yavapai-Prescott Tribe yes no yes

California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no no Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no no no Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no Big Lagoon Rancheria no no no Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation no no no Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria yes no no Blue Lake Rancheria yes no no Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California yes no no Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians no no no Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation no no no Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria yes no no Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no no Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no no California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California) no no no Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians yes no yes Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long) Group no no no Cedarville Rancheria no no no Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation yes no no Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria no no no Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no no Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California yes yes no Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria (California) no no yes Elk Valley Rancheria no yes yes Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California yes yes no

58 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California no yes no Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation (California) no no no Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada yes no no Graton Rancheria no no no Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no no yes Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waika Indians of California no no no Guideville Rancheria no no no Hoopa Valley Tribe no no yes Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit Reservation (California) no no no Ione Band of Miwok Indians yes no no Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no no Jamul Indian Village no no no Karuk Tribe of California no yes no La Jolla Band of Luiseno Missions Indians no no no La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation (California) no no no Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California no no no Lytton Rancheria yes no no Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria (California) . . . no no Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation (California) no no no Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no no no Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California no no no Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no no no Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation (California) no no no Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation (California) no no no Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no no no Pinoleville Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch) no no no Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no no Redding Rancheria yes no yes Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no yes no Resighini Rancheria no no no Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon Reservation, California no no no Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no Round Valley Reservation no no no Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the San Manuel Reservation, California no no no Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California no no no Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California no no no Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California no no no Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation, California yes no no Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 59 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria, California no no no Smith River Rancheria no no no Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians yes no yes Susanville Indian Rancheria no no no Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no no no Table Bluff Reservation and Wiyot Tribe, California . . . no no Table Mountain Rancheria no no no Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no no Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation yes no no Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne Rancheria of California no no no Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no no no United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California no no yes Upper LakeBand of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake Rancheria of California no no no Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) yes yes yes Yurok Tribe yes no no

Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no no Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah no no no

Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe yes no no Mohegan Indian Tribe yes no no

Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations yes yes no

Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no yes

Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) yes no no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho yes no no Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes no no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho yes no no

Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska yes no no Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas yes yes no Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) yes no no Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska yes no no

Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana yes yes no Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no yes no Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no no Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes no

Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no

Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no no no Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no no Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes no Penobscot Tribe of Maine yes yes yes

Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes no Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes no no

60 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2005

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no no Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) yes no yes Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) yes no no Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) yes no no Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians , Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) yes no yes Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians . . . no no Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) yes yes yes Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes no Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes no no Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no

Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation no yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no no Prairie Island Indian Community no no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) no no no Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no no yes Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no no

Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes no no

Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana yes no no Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana yes no no Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy's Reservation yes no no Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) yes yes yes Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana no yes no Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no no

Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska yes no yes Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no no Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska no no no Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska yes yes no

Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) yes no no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada yes yes yes Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) yes no no Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes no no Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada yes no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 61 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) yes no yes Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada yes no no Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) yes no no Reno-Sparks Indian Colony yes no no Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada no no no Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) yes no no Walker River Paiute Tribe yes yes no Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no no yes Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada yes no no Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada no no no

New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) yes no no Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no yes Pueblo of Acoma yes no no Pueblo of Cochiti no no no Pueblo of Isleta yes no no Pueblo of Jemez no no no Pueblo of Laguna yes no no Pueblo of Nambe no no no Pueblo of Picuris no no no Pueblo of Pojoaque yes no yes Pueblo of San Felipe no no no Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes no no Pueblo of San Juan no no no Pueblo of Sandia yes yes yes Pueblo of Santa Ana yes no no Pueblo of Santa Clara yes no no Pueblo of Santo Domingo no no no Pueblo of Taos yes no yes Pueblo of Tesuque yes no no Pueblo of Zia no no no Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico yes no yes

New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no no Onondaga Nation of New York yes no no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes yes no Tuscarora Nation yes no no

North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians yes no no

North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota yes no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota yes no yes Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota yes no no

Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) yes no no Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no no Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no Cherokee Nation yes no no Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no no Chickasaw Nation yes yes no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma yes no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation yes no no Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] yes no no Delaware Nation, Oklahoma (formerly Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma) no no no

62 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Delaware Tribe of Indians yes no no Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes yes Kaw Nation yes no no Kialegee Tribal Town no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma yes no no Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no yes Klamath Indian Tribe no no no Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no Muscogee (Creek) Nation yes no no Osage Tribe yes yes no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians yes no yes Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma yes no no Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no Quapaw Tribal Business Committee yes yes no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma yes no no Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma yes no no Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) yes no no Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes no

Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon yes yes yes Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon ...... Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians no no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no yes no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation yes no no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon yes no yes Coquille Tribe of Oregon yes no no Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians yes yes no

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe no no no

South Carolina Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina) no no no

South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe yes no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes no no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) no no no Oglala Sioux Tribe yes no yes Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes no yes Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota yes no no Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota yes no yes Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no

Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas yes yes no Ysleta del Sur Pueblo yes no yes

Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation yes no yes Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no no no Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes, Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes, Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band of Paiutes) yes no no Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah no no yes

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 63 Table 10. Tribal law enforcement criminal justice data access, 2002

Access to National Crime Information Tribes submit criminal history records to: State Tribal name Center (NCIC) State repository FBI Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) yes no no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation yes no no Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes no no Cowlitz Indian Tribe no no no Hoh Indian Tribe yes no no Jamestown S'Klallam Tribal Council no no no Kalispel Indian Community no no no Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) yes no yes Lummi Tribe yes yes yes Makah Indian Tribe yes no no Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) no no no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington yes no no Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington yes no no Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes Puyallup Tribal Council yes no no Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation, Washington yes no no Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation, Washington yes no yes Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no yes no Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes no Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington yes no no Skokomish Indian Tribe yes no no Snoqualmie Tribe no no no Spokane Tribe no no no Squaxin Island Tribe yes no no Stillaguamish Tribe yes no yes Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington yes no no Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington yes no no Tulalip Tribes yes no no Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington yes no no

Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation yes yes no Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) no no no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) no no no Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes no no Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no yes no Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin yes yes no Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indinas, Wisconsin) no no no St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin yes yes no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) yes no no

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) yes no no Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable.

64 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no yes Manually 27 0 41 3 Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community Manually of Mericopa Indian and Reservation no yes computer 197 15 216 15 database Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no yes Manually ...... Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Computer Council no yes database 131 0 63 . . . Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) no yes Manually 1,450 0 534 . . . Hopi Tribe no yes Manually 1,609 0 259 . . . and computer database Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) yes yes Manually 400 0 40 0 Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) no yes Manually 100 0 280 0 Navajo Nation yes yes Manually 31,057 0 46,876 0 and computer database Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council . . . yes . . . 289 0 159 78 Quechan Tribe of the Fort Manually Yuma Indian Reservation, and California and Arizona yes yes computer 6 0 73 25 database Salt River Pima-Maricopa Manually Indian Community of the and Salt River Reservation, computer Arizona no yes database 825 0 216 110 Computer San Carlos Apache Tribe no yes database 3,512 0 4,131 39 Tohono O'odham Nation yes yes Manually ...... and computer database Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona no no . . . 20 0 7 1 White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona . . . yes Manually ...... Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Computer Reservation yes yes database 270 0 74 14 Yavapai-Prescott Tribe no yes Computer 40 0 27 0 database California Alturas Indian Rancheria no yes Manually ...... Bear River Band of Rohnerville Rancheria no no ...... Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no ...... Big Lagoon Rancheria no no ...... Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation no no ...... Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 65 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Computer Rancheria no yes database ...... Blue Lake Rancheria no yes Manually ...... and computer database Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California no no ...... Buena Vista Rancheria of no no ...... Me-Wuk Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Manually Mission Indians of the and Cabazon Reservation . . . yes computer 0 0 200 199 database Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria no no ...... Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no yes Manually ...... Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians no no ...... California Valley Miwok Tribe, California (formerly the Sheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California) no no ...... Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians no no ...... Capitan Grande Band of Diegeuno Mission Indians of California; Barona Group and the Viejas (Baron Long) Group no no ...... Cedarville Rancheria no no ...... Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation yes no . . . 0 0 ...... Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria no no ...... Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California no no ...... Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California yes yes Manually ...... Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Manually Indians no yes and ...... computer database Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria (California) no no ...... Elk Valley Rancheria yes no ...... Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no ...... Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California no no ......

66 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation (California) no no ...... Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Computer Nevada yes yes database 116 0 680 516 Graton Rancheria no no ...... Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians no no ...... Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Waikai Indians of California no no ...... Guideville Rancheria no no ...... Hoopa Valley Tribe yes yes Manually 3 0 60 10 and computer database Hopland Band of Pomo Indians yes Manually ...... and computer database Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit Reservation (California) no no ...... Ione Band of Miwok Indians no no ...... Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Computer Indians of California no yes database ...... Jamul Indian Village no no ...... Computer Karuk Tribe of California yes yes database ...... La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians no no ...... La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation (California) no no ...... Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California no yes Manually ...... Lytton Rancheria no no ...... Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester- Point Arena Rancheria (California) no no ...... Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation (California) no no ...... Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians no no ...... Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu ...... Indians of California no yes Manually Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California no yes Manually ...... Pauite-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community no no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 67 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number Information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma and Yuima Reservation (California) no no ...... Pechanga Band of Luiseno Manually Mission Indians of the and Pechanga Reservation computer (California) no yes database ...... Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians no no ...... Pinoleville Reservation of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Pit River Tribe (includes Big Bend Rancheria, Lookout Rancheria, Montgomery Creek Rancheria, Roaring Creek Rancheria, XL Ranch) no no ...... Potter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no ...... Redding Rancheria no no ...... Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California yes no ...... Resighini Rancheria no no ...... Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Rincon Reservation, California no no ...... Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California yes no ...... Round Valley Reservation no yes Manually ...... Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Computer Wintun Indians of California no yes database ...... San Manuel Band of Serrano Manually Mission Indians of the San and Manuel Reservation, computer California no yes database ...... Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California no yes Manually ...... Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California no no ...... Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California yes no ...... Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation, California no no ...... Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California no no ...... Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria, California no yes Manually ...... Smith River Rancheria yes no ...... Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no yes Manually ...... Susanville Indian Rancheria no no ...... Sycuan Band of Diegueno Manually Mission Indians of California no yes and ...... computer database

68 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Table Bluff Reservation — Wiyot Tribe, California no no ...... Table Mountain Rancheria no yes Manually ...... and computer database Torres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California no no ...... Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation no no ...... Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne Computer Rancheria of California no yes database ...... Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Manually Mission Indians of California no yes and ...... computer database United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California no yes Manually ...... Upper Lake Band of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake Rancheria of California no no ...... Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woods- Manually ford Community, Stewart and Community, and Washoe computer Ranches) no yes database 250 0 150 . . . Yurok Tribe no no . . . 0 0 3 0 Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe no yes Manually 444 0 311 0 and computer database Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah no yes Manually ...... Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no yes Manually 14 0 84 2 and computer database Computer Mohegan Indian Tribe no yes database ...... Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Manually Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, and Hollywood, and Tampa computer Reservations no yes database ...... Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Manually Mississippi in Iowa yes yes and ...... computer . . database Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Manually Coeur D'Alene Reservation and (Idaho) yes yes computer 468 0 284 56 database Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 69 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho yes yes Manually 296 0 0 0 and computer database Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho no yes Manually 2,500 . . . 394 49 Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Manually Nebraska . . . yes and 10 7 11 3 computer database Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas no yes Manually 20 0 66 10 Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Computer Potawatomi Indians) no yes database 5 1 47 33 Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri Manually in Kansas and Nebraska no yes and 2 0 33 23 computer database Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no yes Manually 7 0 99 73 and computer database Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no yes Manually 2 0 490 231 and computer database Jena Band of Choctaw Indians no no ...... Tunica-Biloxi Tribe yes yes Manually 2 0 50 3 and computer database Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head Manually (Aquinnah) no yes and 0 0 0 0 computer database Maine Aroostook Band of Micmac Indians of Maine no no ...... Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians no no ...... Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine yes yes Manually 83 0 25 3 and computer database Penobscot Tribe of Maine no yes 121 0 72 41 Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians Computer of Michigan no yes database 48 10 0 0 Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Manually Potawatomie Indians and of Michigan) yes yes computer 279 0 34 34 database Huron Potawatomi, Inc. no no ......

70 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (pre- viously listed as the Kewee- naw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Manually Bands of Chippewa Indians and of the L'Anse Reservation, computer Michigan) no yes database 255 0 46 0 Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Manually Vieux Desert Band of Lake and Superior Chippewa Indians computer of Michigan) no yes database 51 0 175 85 Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously Manually listed as the Little River Band and of Ottowa Indians of computer Michigan) no yes database 3 0 145 40 Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Computer Indians of Michigan) no yes database 7 0 25 5 Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish ...... Band of Pottawatomi Indians . . . no Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Computer Michigan) yes yes database 0 0 0 0 Saginaw Chippewa Indian Computer Tribe of Michigan yes yes database 609 500 1,655 1,500 Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Manually Chippewa Indians of Michigan no yes and 112 0 425 89 computer database Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no ...... Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Com- munity of Minnesota Manually Mdewakanton Sioux Indians and of the Lower Sioux computer Reservation) no yes database 0 0 0 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe yes yes Manually 350 0 50 5 and computer database Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Manually Bois Forte Band of Chippewa yes yes and 350 0 50 5 computer database Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Manually Fond du Lac Reservation no yes and 50 0 20 0 computer database Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no no . . . 0 0 0 0

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 71 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no . . . 0 0 20 0 Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Manually Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe yes yes and 710 0 600 0 computer database Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Manually White Earth Reservation no yes and 498 10 computer database Prairie Island Indian Community Manually of Minnesota no yes and 0 0 15 1 computer database Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Computer Reservation, Minnesota) no yes database 2,996 0 582 0 Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota yes no . . . 0 0 25 5 Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no yes Manually 0 0 27 11 Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians yes yes Manually 1,873 0 1,000 85 Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes Manually of Fort Peck Indian and Reservation, Montana yes yes computer 3,036 0 943 250 database Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana no yes Manually 7,795 100 406 200 Chippewa Cree Indians of Manually Rocky Boy’s Reservation no yes and 1,400 0 30 30 computer database Confederated Salish and Manually Kootenai Tribes of the and Flathead Reservation computer (Montana) no yes database 2,000 0 400 133 Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Computer Reservation of Montana no yes database 2,804 0 292 34 Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no 2,000 0 400 0 Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no yes Computer 2,000 0 1,300 1 database Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no 0 0 17 8 Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Computer Nebraska yes yes database ...... Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no yes Manually 30 0 0 0 and computer database Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe Manually of the Duckwater Reservation and (Nevada) yes yes computer 22 0 13 2 database Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no yes Manually 25 0 30 15

72 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reserva- Computer tion (Nevada and Oregon) no yes database 47 0 37 0 Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians no yes Manually ...... Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Computer Nevada no yes database 6 0 8 0 Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) no yes Manually 100 0 40 20 Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Computer Colony, Nevada yes yes database 0 0 0 0 Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Manually the Pyramid Lake and Reservation (Nevada) no yes computer 220 ...... database Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no yes Computer 274 0 . . . 41 database Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada no yes Manually 156 0 92 20 Summit Lake Paiute Tribe no no ...... Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) no yes Manually 83 1 87 3 Walker River Paiute Tribe no yes Computer ...... database Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada no no ...... Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Manually Yerington Colony and and Campbell Ranch, Nevada no yes computer 200 0 12 0 database Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Manually Yomba Reservation, Nevada no yes and 0 0 5 0 computer database New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Manually Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla and Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla computer Apache Indian Reservation) no yes database 1,200 2 1,400 Mescalero Apache Tribe no yes Computer 2,500 0 600 database Pueblo of Acoma no yes Manually 655 0 83 and computer database Pueblo of Cochiti no yes Manually 90 0 1 and computer database Pueblo of Isleta no yes Manually 1,075 0 200 and computer database

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 73 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Pueblo of Jemez no yes Manually . . . 375 0 110 and computer database Pueblo of Laguna no yes Manually . . . 950 0 500 and computer database Pueblo of Nambe no yes Manually . . . 22 0 700 Pueblo of Picuris no yes Manually . . . 15 0 10 Pueblo of Pojoaque yes yes Manually . . . 200 0 100 and computer database Pueblo of San Felipe no no ...... Pueblo of San Ildefonso no no ...... Pueblo of San Juan no yes Manually . . . 55 5 17 Pueblo of Sandia no yes Manually . . . 40 0 18 and computer database Pueblo of Santa Ana no yes Manually . . . 150 0 150 and computer database Pueblo of Santa Clara no yes Manually . . . 517 2 63 and computer database Pueblo of Santo Domingo yes yes Manually 540 0 20 30 and computer database Pueblo of Taos yes yes Manually 162 0 322 80 and computer database Pueblo of Tesuque no yes Manually 32 0 60 35 and computer database Pueblo of Zia no yes Manually 200 0 4 0 and computer database Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Manually Reservation, New Mexico yes yes and 8,131 0 340 200 computer database New York Cayuga Nation of New York no no ...... Onondaga Nation of New York no yes Manually ...... St. Regis Band of Mohawk Manually Indians of New York yes yes and 0 0 109 3 computer database Tuscarora Nation no no ...... North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Computer . . . . Indians yes yes database 1,800 6 . . North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota no yes Computer 800 0 . . . . database . .

74 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Three Affiliated Tribes of the Manually Fort Berthold Reservation, and North Dakota yes yes computer 1,777 0 ...... database Turtle Mountain Band of Manually Chippewa Indians of and North Dakota no yes computer 4,800 0 ...... database Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe Manually of Indians of Oklahoma no yes and 13 0 33 5 computer database Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town (Oklahoma) yes no ...... Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no ...... Caddo Indian Tribe of Manually Oklahoma no yes and ...... computer database Cherokee Nation no yes Manually 65 0 80 7 Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no yes Manually ...... Chickasaw Nation no yes Manually ...... Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no yes Manually 13 0 1 0 Citizen Potawatomi Nation no yes Manually 9 0 28 24 and computer database Comanche Nation [formerly the Manually Comanche Indian Tribe and (Oklahoma)] no yes computer 50 25 0 0 database Delaware Nation, Oklahoma ([formerly Delaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma) no no ...... Delaware Tribe of Indians no no . . . 0 0 1 0 Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually ...... Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma no no ...... Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually 2 no 5 1 Kaw Nation no yes Manually 1 no 30 0 Kialegee Tribal Town no no 0 no 0 0 Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually 10 yes 38 10 Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no ...... Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually ...... Muscogee (Creek) Nation no yes Manually 43 yes 69 25 and computer database Osage Tribe no yes Computer 27 no . . 20 database . Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no yes Manually 19 no . . 36 and computer . database Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually ...... Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no yes Manually 31 no . . . 45 Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 75 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no yes Manually 50 yes 55 15 Quapaw Tribal Business Committee no yes Manually Sac and Fox Nation of Manually Oklahoma no yes and 34 no 44 20 computer database Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no yes Computer ...... database Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually ...... Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no yes Manually ...... Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no yes Manually ...... Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Computer Oklahoma no yes database ...... Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) no yes Manually ...... Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma yes yes Manually ...... and computer database Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony Computer of Oregon no yes database 197 0 252 138 Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon . . . no . . . 0 0 85 25 Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians no no ...... Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no yes Manually 0 0 200 99 Confederated Tribes of the Computer Umatilla Indian Reservation no yes database 132 . . . 56 5 Confederated Tribes of Warm Manually Springs Reservation and of Oregon yes yes computer 519 0 307 0 database Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Manually Indians no yes and 0 0 12 75 computer database Klamath Indian Tribe no no ......

Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe Manually of Rhode Island no yes and ...... computer database South Carolina Catawba Indian Nation (also known as Catawba Tribe of South Carolina) no no ...... South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no yes Manually 7,511 0 1,628 100 and computer database Crow Creek Sioux Tribe yes yes Manually 1,800 . . . 350 . . . and computer database

76 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no yes Manually 72 0 100 20 Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) yes yes Manually ...... Oglala Sioux Tribe yes yes Manually 2,000 0 0 0 and computer database Rosebud Sioux Tribe no yes Manually 1,752 0 539 5 and computer database Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Manually Tribe of the Lake Traverse and Reservation, South Dakota no yes computer 3,000 0 2,000 0 database Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of Computer North and South Dakota yes yes database 2,683 0 966 0 Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Computer Dakota no yes database ...... Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no yes Manually ...... 0 0 Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no yes Manually 0 0 206 142 Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no yes Manually 2 0 15 0 and computer database Utah Confederated Tribes of the yes yes Manually ...... Goshute Reservation and computer database Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation no no ...... Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (Cedar City Band of Paiutes, Kanosh Band of Paiutes, Koosharem Band of Paiutes, Indian Peaks Band of Paiutes, and Shivwits Band of Paiutes) no no ...... 338 29 Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah Manually and Ouray Reservation, Utah no yes and ...... computer database Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Manually Tribes and Bands of the and Yakama Indian Nation of the computer Yakama Reservation) no yes database 3,500 25 1,500 10 Confederated Tribes of the Computer Chehalis Reservation no yes database 100 0 158 91 Confederated Tribes of the Computer Colville Reservation no yes database ...... Cowlitz Indian Tribe no no ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 77 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Hoh Indian Tribe no yes Manually 150 0 25 and computer database Jamestown S’Klallam no no ...... Kalispel Indian Community no yes Manually 39 0 132 75 and computer database Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reserva- tion (Washington State) yes no . . . 120 0 35 5 Lummi Tribe no yes Manually 470 0 350 1 and computer database Makah Indian Tribe no yes Manually 500 10 200 50 and computer database Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) no yes Manually 0 0 73 5 Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Manually Nisqually Reservation, and Washington . . . yes computer ...... 200 100 database Nooksack Indian Tribe of Computer Washington no yes database 10 0 38 0 Port Gamble Indian Community no yes Manually 121 52 90 52 Puyallup Tribal Council no yes Computer 245 0 451 60 database Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Resevation, Washington no yes Manually 190 0 4 0 Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Computer Resevation, Washington no yes database 252 0 131 1 Samish Indian Tribe, Washington no no ...... Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Computer Washington yes yes database 16 47 7 3 Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reser- Computer vation, Washington no yes database 25 0 100 60 Skokomish Indian Tribe no yes Manually 0 0 0 0 Snoqualmie Tribe yes no ...... Spokane Tribe no yes Manually 1,000 0 200 50 Squaxin Island Tribe no yes Manually 100 0 150 75 Stillaguamish Tribe no yes Manually 120 0 35 and computer database Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Computer Washington no yes database 81 ...... 393 Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Computer Washington no yes database 200 0 . . . 360 Tulalip Tribes no yes Computer 156 0 . . . 229 database Upper Skagit Indian Tribe Computer of Washington yes yes database 18 2 . . . 4

78 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 11. Tribal offender, incident data caseload, 2002

Tribe submits Tribe records Estimated number information to number and Criminal cases Civil cases National Sex type of crime Method of Filed during Involved a Filed during Involved a Offender Reg- incidents in tri- recording the last cal- non-Indian the last cal- non-Indian State Tribal name istry (NSOR) bal jurisdiction crimes endar year defendant endar year defendant Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians Computer of the Bad River Reservation yes yes database ...... Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) no no ...... Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) no yes Manually 1 0 211 . . . Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no . . . 0 0 150 5 Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Computer Indians of Wisconsin yes yes database 12 0 59 3 Menominee Indian Tribe of Manually Wisconsin no yes and 350 0 800 0 computer database Oneida Tribe of Indians of Computer Wisconsin yes yes database 0 0 110 5 Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Manually Chippewa Indians of and Wisconsin no yes computer 0 0 230 5 database Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Sokaogon Chippewa Community of the Mole Lake Band of Chippewa Indinas, Wisconsin) no no ...... St. Croix Chippewa Indians Computer of Wisconsin no yes database ...... Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Computer Indians of Wisconsin) no yes database 0 0 238 35

Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe Manually of the Wind River Reservation no yes and 1,330 12 228 40 (Wyoming) computer database Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable.

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 79 Table 12. Tribal justice agencies by whether electronically networked, 2002

Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies — State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation no no Cocopah Tribe of Arizona ...... Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council no no Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no Hopi Tribe no no Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no Navajo Nation no no Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council ...... Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation,California and Arizona no no Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona no no San Carlos Apache Tribe yes yes Tohono O'odham Nation no no Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona yes yes White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona no no Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation no yes Yavapai-Prescott Tribe no no California Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation yes no Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation no no Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada no no Hoopa Valley Tribe no yes Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) no no Yurok Tribe no no Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe yes no Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no Mohegan Indian Tribe no no Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) no no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho no no Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho no no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho no no Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska no no Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas no no Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) no no Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska no yes Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no yes Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) yes no

80 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002

Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies — State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no Penobscot Tribe of Maine no yes Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) yes no Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) no no Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) no no Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) no yes Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) yes no Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) no yes Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan yes yes Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan yes yes Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation no yes Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Grand Portage Reservation no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no Prairie Island Indian Community no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) no no Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota no no Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no no Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians no no Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana yes yes Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana no no Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 81 Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002

Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies — State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) yes yes Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana no no Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana no no Northern Cheyenne Tribe no no Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no Ponca Tribe of Nebraska no no Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no no Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) no no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no no Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) no no Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians yes yes Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada no no Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) no no Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada no no Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) no no Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no no Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada no no Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) no yes Walker River Paiute Tribe no yes Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada no no Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada no no New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) no yes Mescalero Apache Tribe yes no Pueblo of Acoma yes yes Pueblo of Cochiti no no Pueblo of Isleta no no Pueblo of Jemez no no Pueblo of Laguna yes no Pueblo of Nambe no no Pueblo of Picuris no no Pueblo of Pojoaque no no Pueblo of San Ildefonso yes yes Pueblo of San Juan no no Pueblo of Sandia no no Pueblo of Santa Ana no no Pueblo of Santa Clara no no Pueblo of Santo Domingo no no Pueblo of Taos no no Pueblo of Tesuque no no Pueblo of Zia no no

New York Cayuga Nation of New York ...... Onondaga Nation of New York no no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York no yes

82 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002

Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies — State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no yes North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota no no Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota no no Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico no no Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no yes Cherokee Nation no no Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] no no Delaware Tribe of Indians no no Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no Kaw Nation no no Kialegee Tribal Town no yes Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no Muscogee (Creek) Nation no yes Osage Tribe no no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon no no Confederated Tribes Grand Ronde Community of Oregon no no Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation no yes Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon no no Coquille Tribe of Oregon no no Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) no no Oglala Sioux Tribe yes no Rosebud Sioux Tribe yes no Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota yes no Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota no no Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation no no Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 83 Table 12. Tribal justice agencies electronically networked, 2002

Tribal justice agencies are electronically networked with other justice agencies — State Tribal name Within the tribe Outside the tribe Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) no no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation no yes Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation yes yes Hoh Indian Tribe no no Jamestown S'Klallam Tribal Council no no Kalispel Indian Community no no Lower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation (Washington State) no no Lummi Tribe yes no Makah Indian Tribe no yes Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) no no Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington yes no Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no yes Port Gamble Indian Community no no Puyallup Tribal Council no yes Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation, Washington no no Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation, Washington no no Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington no no Skokomish Indian Tribe no no Snoqualmie Tribe ...... Spokane Tribe no no Squaxin Island Tribe no no Stillaguamish Tribe yes yes Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington no . . . Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington yes yes Tulalip Tribes no no Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no yes Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation yes yes Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin (previously Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin Potawatomi Indians) no no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) yes no Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no no Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) no no Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) no no Note: States without tribal data are omitted. . . . Not reported or applicable.

84 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics Local govern- ment (county State State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal) government FBI BIA Alabama Poarch Band of Creek Indians of Alabama no no no no no Arizona Ak-Chin Indian Community of the Mericopa Indian Reservation no no no no no Cocopah Tribe of Arizona no no no no no Fort McDowell Yavapai Tribal Council no no no no no Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no no no no Hopi Tribe no no no no yes Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no no no no Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation (Arizona) no no no no no Navajo Nation no no no no no Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council ...... Quechan Tribe of the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation, California and Arizona no no no no no Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona no no no no no San Carlos Apache Tribe no no no no no Tohono O'odham Nation no no no no no Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona ...... White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona no no no no no Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation no no no no yes Yavapai-Prescott Tribe no no no no no California Alturas Indian Rancheria no no no no no Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria no no no no no Blue Lake Rancheria no no no no no Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation no no no no no Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria no no no no no Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no no no Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no Fort Mojave Indian Tribe of Arizona, California, and Nevada no no no no no Hoopa Valley Tribe no no yes yes no Hopland Band of Pomo Indians no no no no no Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California no no no no no Karuk Tribe of California no no no no no Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California no no no no no Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California no no no no no Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California no no no no no Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation (California) no no no no no Round Valley Reservation no no no no no Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California no no no no no San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the San Manuel Reservation, California no no no no no Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation, California no no no no no Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria, California no no no no no Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians no no no no no Susanville Indian Rancheria ...... Sycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California no no no no no Table Mountain Rancheria no no no no no Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Toulumne Rancheria of California no no no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 85 Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics Local govern- ment (county State State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal) government FBI BIA Twenty-nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California no no no no no United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California no no no no no Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California (Carson Colony, Dresslerville Colony, Woodsford Community, Stewart Community, and Washoe Ranches) no no no no yes Colorado Southern Ute Indian Tribe no no no no no Ute Mountain Tribe of the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah no no no no no Connecticut Mashantucket Pequot Tribe no no no no no Mohegan Indian Tribe no no no no no Florida Seminole Tribe of Florida, Dania, Big Cypress, Brighton, Hollywood, and Tampa Reservations no no yes yes yes Iowa Sac and Fox Tribe of Mississippi in Iowa no no no no no Idaho Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation (Idaho) no no no no no Kootenai Tribe of Idaho ...... Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho no no no no no Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho no no no no no Kansas Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska no no no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas no no no no yes Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians, Kansas (formerly the Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians) no no no no no Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska no no no no no Louisiana Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana no no no no no Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana no no no no no Tunica-Biloxi Tribe no no no no . . . Massachusetts Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) no no no no . . . Maine Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine no no no no . . . Penobscot Tribe of Maine no yes yes yes . . . Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no no no . . . Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Hannahville Indian Community of Wisconsin Potawatomie Indians of Michigan) no no no yes . . . Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan (previously listed as the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of L'Anse and Ontonagon Bands of Chippewa Indians of the L'Anse Reservation, Michigan) no no no no . . . Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Michigan (previously listed as Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan) no no no no . . . Little River Band of Ottowa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little River Band of Ottowa Indians of Michigan) no no no no . . .

86 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics Local govern- ment (county State State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal) government FBI BIA Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan (previously listed as the Little Traverse Bay Bands Odawa Indians of Michigan) no no no no . . . Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians (previously listed as the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians of Michigan) no no yes yes no Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan no no no no no Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan no no no no no Minnesota Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota (previously listed as the Lower Sioux Indian Community of Minnesota Mdewakanton Sioux Indians of the Lower Sioux Reservation) no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Bois Forte Band of Chippewa no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Fond du Lac Reservation no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe no no no no no Minnesota Chippewa Tribe — White Earth Reservation no no no no no Prairie Island Indian Community no no no no no Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota (previously known as the Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians of the Red Lake Reservation, Minnesota) yes no yes no yes Upper Sioux Community of Minnesota no yes no no no Mississippi Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians no no no no no Montana Assinibione and Sioux Tribes of Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana no no no no no Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana no no no no no Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy’s Reservation no no no no no Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Reservation (Montana) no no yes no yes Fort Belknap Indian Community of the Fort Belknap Reservation of Montana no no no no no Nebraska Omaha Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no Ponca Tribe of Nebraska Santee Sioux Tribe of the Santee Reservation of Nebraska no no no no no Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska no no no no no Nevada Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation (Nevada) no no no no no Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada no no no no no Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes of the Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation (Nevada and Oregon) no no no no no Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indian no no no no no Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada no no no no no Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation (Nevada) no no no no no Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada no no no no yes Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation (Nevada) no no no no no Reno-Sparks Indian Colony no no no no no Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada no no no no no Summit Lake Paiute Tribe ......

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 87 Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics Local govern- ment (county State State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal) government FBI BIA Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada (Four constituent bands: Battle Mountain Band, Elko Band, South Fork Band, and Wells Band) no no no no yes Walker River Paiute Tribe no no no no yes Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada ...... Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch, Nevada no no no no no Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada no no no no no New Mexico Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico (formerly the Jicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation) no no no no no Mescalero Apache Tribe no no no no no Pueblo of Acoma no no no no no Pueblo of Cochiti no no no no no Pueblo of Isleta no no no no no Pueblo of Jemez no no no no no Pueblo of Laguna no no no no no Pueblo of Nambe no no no no no Pueblo of Picuris no no no no no Pueblo of Pojoaque no no no no no Pueblo of San Juan no no no no no Pueblo of Sandia no no no no no Pueblo of Santa Ana no no no no no Pueblo of Santa Clara no no no no no Pueblo of Santo Domingo no no no no yes Pueblo of Taos no no no no no Pueblo of Tesuque no no no no no Pueblo of Zia no no no no no Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New Mexico no no no no no New York Cayuga Nation of New York ...... Onondaga Nation of New York no no no no no St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians of New York yes no yes no no North Carolina Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians no no no no no North Dakota Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota no no no no no Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation, North Dakota no no no yes yes Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota no no no no no Oklahoma Absentee- Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Cherokee Nation no no no no no Cheyenne-Arapahoe Tribes of Oklahoma no no yes yes yes Chickasaw Nation no no no no no Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no no no no Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] no no no no yes Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Kaw Nation no no no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no no no no Osage Tribe no no no no no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no no no yes Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no Quapaw Tribal Business Committee no no no no no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes

88 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics Local govern- ment (county State State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal) government FBI BIA Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no no no no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) no no no no no Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation no no no yes no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon no no no no no Coquille Tribe of Oregon no yes no yes yes Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe of Rhode Island no no no no no South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no no no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe no no yes no no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no no Citizen Potawatomi Nation no no no no no Comanche Nation [formerly the Comanche Indian Tribe (Oklahoma)] no no no no yes Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Kaw Nation no no no no no Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Modoc Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Muscogee (Creek) Nation no no no no no Osage Tribe no no no no no Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians no no no no yes Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no Quapaw Tribal Business Committee no no no no no Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma no no no no no Seminole Nation of Oklahoma no no no no yes Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Thlopthlocco Tribal Town no no no no no Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma no no no no no Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco, and Tawakonie) no no no no no Wyandotte Tribe of Oklahoma no no no no no Oregon Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Siletz Reservation no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation no no no yes no Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon no no no no no Coquille Tribe of Oregon no yes no yes yes Cow Creek Band of Umpqua Indians no no no no no Rhode Island Narrangansett Indian Tribe no no no no no South Dakota Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe no no no no no Crow Creek Sioux Tribe . . . no no yes no Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota . . . no no no no Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation (South Dakota) . . . no no no no Oglala Sioux Tribe . . . no no no no Rosebud Sioux Tribe . . . no no no no Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota . . . no no no no

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country , 2002 89 Table 13. Tribal justice criminal statistics electronic sharing, 2002

Authorities which tribes electronically share crime statistics Local govern- ment (county State State Tribal name Other tribes or municipal) government FBI BIA Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North and South Dakota no no no yes yes Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota no no no no yes Texas Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas no no no no no Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas no no no no no Ysleta del Sur Pueblo no no no no yes Utah Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation no no no no no Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, Utah yes yes yes yes yes Washington Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (formerly the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation) no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation no no no no no Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation no no no no no Hoh Indian Tribe no no no no no Jamestown S'Klallam Tribal Council ...... Kalispel Indian Community no no no no no Lummi Tribe no yes yes no no Makah Indian Tribe no no no no no Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation (Washington State) yes no no no yes Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington no no no no yes Nooksack Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no Port Gamble Indian Community yes yes yes yes yes Puyallup Tribal Council no no no no no Quileute Tribe of the Quilete Reservation, Washington no no no no no Quinault Tribe of the Quinalt Reservation, Washington no no no no no Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington yes yes yes no yes Shoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington no no no no yes Skokomish Indian Tribe no no no no no Spokane Tribe no no no no no Squaxin Island Tribe no no no no no Stillaguamish Tribe no no no no no Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington no no no no no Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington no no no no no Tulalip Tribes no no no no no Upper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington no no no no no Wisconsin Bad River Band Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation no yes yes yes no Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin (formerly the Wisconsin Winnebago Tribe) no no no no no Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no no Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin no no no no no Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin no yes no no no Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no yes no no no St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin no no no no no Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin (previously known as the Stockbridge Munsee Community of Mohican Indians of Wisconsin) no yes no no no Wyoming Arapahoe Tribe and Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation (Wyoming) no no no no yes Note: States with no tribal data are omitted. . . .Not reported or applicable.

90 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 Appendix

• 2002 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies non-participants

• Questionnaire

Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country, 2002 91 2002 Census of tribal justice agencies non-participants

State Tribal name Tribal justice census participant status Arizona Colorado River IndianTribes of the Colorado River Indian No Reservation Havasupai Tribe No San Juan Southern Paiute No

California Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians Refused Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians Refused Chicken Ranch Rancheria Refused Cuyapaipe Community of Mission Indians No Death Valley Timbi-Sha Shoshone Band of California No Kashia Band of Pomo Indians No Lower Lake Rancheria No Mechoopda Indian Tribe of the Chico Rancheria Refused Morongo Band of Mission Indians Refused Northfork Rancheria Refused Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community No Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians No Quartz Valley Reservation No San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Indians No Utu Utu Gwaitu Paiute Tribe No

Florida Miccosukee Indian Tribe Refused

Michigan Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan No

Montana Crow Tribe of Montana No

New York Oneida Indian Nation of New York No Seneca Nation of New York Refused Tonawanda Band of Seneca Refused

Oklahoma Miami Tribe of Oklahoma No United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians No

Utah Skull Valley Band of Goshutes No

92 Census of Tribal Justice Agencies in Indian Country

2002 CENSUS OF TRIBAL JUSTICE AGENCIES IN AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE TRIBAL JURISDICTIONS

Survey sent to:

Please correct any error in name, mailing address and zip code in the space below.

INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY Name Title/Position

Name of Tribe/Village/Organization Area Code Number Area Code Number TELEPHONE FAX E-MAIL ADDRESS Please return your completed survey by October 15, 2002 in the enclosed stamped envelope to Policy Studies Inc.; 999 18th Street, Suite 1000; Denver, Colorado 80202

Form TJA 9-1-02 INTRODUCTION

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), U.S. Department of Justice, through Falmouth Institute and Policy Studies Inc., is conducting a census of tribal justice agencies in American Indian and Alaska Native tribal jurisdictions. This is the first comprehensive effort to identify which justice agencies are operating in tribal jurisdictions, what services those agencies provide, and what information they collect and keep. Once our analysis is completed, we will send a copy of the survey findings to all respondents. The findings also will be posted on the BJS website (http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs) and BJS will compile and make available a national directory of justice agencies in tribal jurisdictions throughout the country.

In some instances, we have mailed this survey to more than one person in a tribe or village because we did not know who was best able to answer the questions. If you are not the appropriate person to respond to this survey, please give it to someone who might be more appropriate.

You may complete and submit your survey using any of the following four options:

• Mail: send your completed survey in the enclosed stamped envelope to Policy Studies Inc.; 999 18th Street, Suite 1000; Denver, Colorado 80202. • Fax: submit your completed survey by fax to 303-295-0244. • Telephone: Call toll free 1-800-992-4489 extension 105 and leave a message. Someone from our team will call you to complete the survey over the telephone. • Internet: If you have access to the Internet, you may complete the survey on line at www.justicesurvey.com.

Please be assured that your tribe’s responses will not be identified with you individually. We ask for your name and contact information above only so that we can follow up with you on specific questions if necessary.

If you have questions or need assistance, you may call toll free and leave a message at 1-800- 992-4489 extension 105 or send an e-mail message to Tracy Griffith at tgriffith@policy- studies.com. A member of our survey administration team will respond promptly.

Thank you for your cooperation in this important data collection effort. Your responses are critically important to the success of this survey.

OMB No 1121-0252 Approval Expires 12/31/2004

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as amended (42 USC 3732), authorizes this information collection. This request for information is in accordance with the clearance require of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1908, as amended (44 USC 3507). The burden of this data collection is estimated to average 20 minutes per response, including time to review instructions, gather the information needed, and enter and review the information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate, or any other aspect of this data collection, including suggestions on how to reduce this burden, to the Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 810 Seventh Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20531. Do NOT send your completed survey to this address. SECTION A- LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN TRIBAL JURISDICTIONS A7. Which of the following provide law enforcement services for your tribe?

(Mark (X) all that apply) A1. Does your tribe have a law enforcement

agency employing sworn tribal personnel with 1. BIA general arrest powers? 2. State

3. Local 1. Yes 4. Tribal law enforcement 2. No Æ SKIP TO QUESTION A7 5. Village Public Safety Officers (VPSOs)

6. Village Police Officers (VPOs)

7. Traditional law enforcement A2. Does your tribal law enforcement agency 8. Game/Fisheries Warden operate through a PL 93-638 or self- 9. Housing Authority governance contract? 10. Casino Security

11. Other (describe below) 1. Yes

2. No

A8. Who performs the following law enforcement A3. With which of the following Does your tribal functions in your tribe? law enforcement agency have cross deputization agreements? (Mark (X) all that apply)

(Mark (X) all the apply) Uniform Criminal Officers Investigation Detention 1. BIA law enforcement 1. BIA 1. BIA 1. BIA 2. Neighboring tribes/villages 2. FBI 2. FBI 2. FBI 3. Neighboring non-tribal authorities 3. Tribal 3. Tribal 3. Tribal (e.g. state, county, local) 4. State 4. State 4. State 4. Federal law enforcement other than BIA 5. County 5. County 5. County (e.g. FBI, Customs, US Marshals Service) 6. Traditional 6. Traditional 6. Traditional 5. None of the above 7. Other 7. Other 7. Other

A4. Are your tribal law enforcement officers A9. For juvenile offenses committed on your tribal recognized by the state and have state peace land, to which justice authorities may cases be officer authority? referred?

(Mark (X) all that apply) 1. Yes 2. No 1. Tribal justice authorities 2. County justice authorities 3. State justice authorities A5. Do your tribal law enforcement officers have 4. Federal justice authorities arrest authority over tribal members off the reservation? A10. For which types of land are tribal law enforcement services provided? 1. Yes 2. No (Mark (X) all that apply)

1. Reservation land A6. Do your tribal law enforcement officers have 2. Tribal Communities arrest authority over non-Indians on the 3. Alaska Native Villages reservation? 4. Trust Land 5. Other (describe below) 1. Yes 2. No

A11. Is the land base contiguous? A17. Does your tribe record the number and types of crime incidents occurring in your tribal 1. Yes jurisdiction? 2. No 3. Yes 4. No ÆSKIP TO SECTION B A12. How many CRIMINAL cases during the last calendar year were referred to the U.S. Attorney’s office? A18. What method do you use to record crime incidents in your tribal jurisdiction? ______Mark (X) if number is an (Mark (X) only one) estimate 1. Incidents are recorded manually 2. Incidents are recorded in computer databases A13. Who refers criminal cases to the U.S. 3. Both (1) and (2) Attorney’s Office?

(Mark (X) all that apply) A19. With which of the following does your tribe routinely share crime statistics? 1. Tribal law enforcement 2. BIA law enforcement (Mark (X) all that apply) 3. FBI 4. Other (describe below) 1. Other tribes 2. Alaska native corporations 3. Local government (county or municipal) 4. State government 5. FBI (Uniform Crime Reports, NIBRS, etc.) 6. BIA 7. None of the above

A14. Does your tribe have access to the National Crime Information Center (NCIC)? A20. With which of the following does your tribe share crime statistics electronically? 1. Yes 2. No (Mark (X) all that apply)

1. Other tribes A15. To which of the following does your tribe 2. Alaska native corporations submit its criminal history records? 3. Local government (county or municipal) 4. State government (Mark (X) all that apply) 5. FBI (Uniform Crime Reports, NIBRS, etc.) 6. BIA 7. None of the above 1. State repository 2. FBI 3. None of the above

A16. Does your tribe submit information to the National Sex Offender Registry (NSOR)

1. Yes 2. No

SECTION B – TRIBAL JUSTICE SYSTEM: TRIBAL COURTS AND SERVICES

B1. Does your tribe have a tribal justice system? B4. Please indicate the type and number of separate (As defined in the Indian Tribal Justice Support courts in your tribal justice system. Act, “tribal justice system” means the entire (Mark (X) all the apply) judicial branch, and employees thereof, of an Indian tribe, including (but not limited to) B5. Number traditional methods and forums for dispute B4. Type of Court of Courts resolution, lower courts, appellate courts (including intertribal appellate courts), 1. General jurisdiction tribal court 1. ______alternative dispute resolution systems, and circuit 2. Juvenile court 2. ______rider systems, established by inherent authority 3. Family court 3. ______whether or not they constitute a court of record). 4. Wildlife conservation court 4. ______5. Appellate court 5. ______1. Yes 6. Peacemaking/circle sentencing 6. ______2. NoÆSKIP TO SECTION C 7. Other (describe below) 7. ______

B2. Which type of tribal court system operates in your tribal jurisdiction?

(Mark (X) all the apply)

1. Tribal courts 2. Appellate courts B6. Does your tribal justice system use any of the 3. Circuit rider systems following intermediate sanctions in criminal 4. Traditional methods and /or forums for sentencing? dispute resolution (e.g. peacemaking, Consider “intermediate sanctions” as sentences other circle sentencing) than incarceration

5. Inter-tribal court system (Please list (Mark (X) all that apply) tribe(s) below) B6. B7. 6. Other (describe below) Adult Juvenile 1. No intermediate sanctions 1. 1. 2. Drug rehabilitation 2. 2. 3. Alcohol rehabilitation 3. 3. 4. Community service 4. 4. 5. Counseling/ therapy 5. 5. 6. Fine without incarceration 6. 6. B3. Which of the following types of cases are 7. Restitution without incarceration 7. 7. handled by your tribal justice system? 8. Victim-Offender reconciliation 8. 8. (Mark (X) all the apply) 9. Other (describe below)

1. Criminal misdemeanor cases 2. Traffic violations 3. Juvenile offenses (delinquency, status offenses) 4. Other juvenile (e.g. child welfare, adoption) 5. Family law cases (e.g. divorce, paternity) 6. Domestic violence protective orders 7. Civil matters B8. Does your tribal justice system maintain a probation 8. Probate Matters function for ______? 9. Wildlife offenses (e.g. hunting, fishing) 10. Other cases (describe below) B8. Adults B9. Juveniles 1. Yes 1. Yes 2. No 2. No

B10. Which, if any, of the following non- B14. How are tribal court judges selected? residential programs does your tribe have available for placing juveniles who commit (Mark (X) all the apply) offenses on your tribal land? 1. Elected (Mark (X) all the apply) 2. Appointed and /or hired 1. No non-residential programs 3. Other (describe below) 2. County, state or federal social service agencies 3. Tribal social service agencies 4. Tribal informal juvenile probation 5. Tribal formal juvenile probation 6. Other (describe below)

B15. What is the term of office for a tribal court judge? B11. Which, if any, of the following residential juvenile facilities (treatment, detention, (Mark (X) all the apply) correctional) are available for placing juveniles who commit offenses on your tribal land? 1. 1 year 2. 2 years (Mark (X) all the apply) 3. 3 years 1. Your tribe’s residential juvenile facilities 4. 4 years 2. Another tribe’s residential juvenile facilities 5. Other ______3. County or other non-tribal residential juvenile facilities 4. None of the above B16. Are jury trials available in your tribal court system for civil trial cases?

B12. Which types and how many of the 1. Yes following personnel work in your tribal 2. No justice system? B12. B13.

Type of justice system Number Number B17. Does your tribe count the number of matters personnel Full Time Part-time brought before your tribal justice system? 1. Trial court judges 1. ______1. ______1. Yes

2. Appellate court judges 2. ______2. ______2. NoÆSKIP TO QUESTION B24

3. Court administrators 3. ______3. ______

4. Court interpreters 4. ______4. ______B18. How are criminal cases counted in your court system? 5. Prosecutors 5. ______5. ______

6. Public defenders 6. ______6. ______(Mark (X) all the apply)

7. Probation officers 7. ______7. ______1. Number of charges 8. Parole officers 8. ______8. ______2. Number of defendants 3. Number of incidents 9. Peacemakers 9. ______9. ______4. Other (describe below)

10. Bailiffs/Process servers 10. ______10. ______

11. Staff Attorneys 11. ______11. ______12. Support and other staff 12. ______12. ______13. Total Staff 13.______13. ______B19. What method is used to count the number of B26. Are any justice agencies in your tribe matters in your tribal court or tribal justice electronically networked with justice agencies forum(s)? outside your tribe (e.g., tribal law enforcement and county/municipal law enforcement)? (Mark (X) all the apply) 1. Yes 1. Matters are counted manually 2. No 2. Matters are counted in computer databases 3. A combination of (1) and (2) 4. Other (describe below) SECTION C – OTHER TRIBAL JUSTICE

SERVICES

C1. Does your tribe have a BIA Court of Indian B20. How many CRIMINAL cases were filed in Offenses (CFR Court) available? your tribal justice system during the last calendar year? 1. Yes

2. No ______Mark (X) if number is an

estimate C2. Does your tribe rely on State courts for judicial

services? B21. How many of these CRIMINAL cases filed during the last calendar year involved a non- 1. Yes Indian defendant? 2. No

______Mark (X) if number is an C3. Does your tribe rely on county/municipal social estimate service agencies for court ordered treatment in

juvenile and/or family cases? B22. How many CIVIL cases were filed in your tribal justice system during the last calendar 1. Yes year? 2. No

______Mark (X) if number is an C4. Does your tribe have a child support enforcement estimate program?

B23. How many of these CIVIL cases filed during 1. Yes the last calendar year involved a non-Indian 2. No defendant? C5. For which of the following child support processes ______Mark (X) if number is an does your tribe have family codes? estimate (Mark (X) all the apply) B24. Does your tribal justice system provide victim services? 1. Establishing paternity 2. Establishing a child support order 1. Yes 3. Enforcing a child support order 2. No 4. Modifying or adjusting a child support order

5. None of the above B25. Are any justice agencies in your tribe electronically networked with other justice agencies in your tribe (e.g., law enforcement and prosecution)?

1. Yes 2. No

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION AND PROMPT REPLY TO THIS SURVEY ADDITIONAL COMMENTS