WRIMS-based Sacramento Valley Water Rights Model
Liheng Zhong and ZhiQiang Richard Chen
California Department of Water Resources WRIMS-Based Sacramento Valley Water Rights Model
• Introduction • Model Description • Preliminary Model Results • Summary and Discussion
WRIMS and CalSim 3.0
• WRIMS (Water Resources Integrated Modeling System) – A general purpose water resources modeling system – Feature • River basin schematic • Operational criteria and constraints through use of WRESL (water resources engineering simulation language): variables/goals • Linear programming solver for efficient water allocation decisions • CalSim 3.0 – Model built on WRIMS – Goal • Simulate California State Water Project (SWP)/Central Valley Project (CVP) operations • Evaluate operational alternatives of the complex hydrological system in the Central Valley Contracts and Water Rights in CalSim 3.0 o Central Valley Project o Sacramento River Settlement Contracts o San Joaquin River Exchange Contracts o Schedule 2 Water Rights, Fresno Slough o Municipal & Industrial and Agricultural Water Service Contracts o Wildlife Refuge Contractors o State Water Project o Feather River Basin Long-term Contracts and Water Rights Agreements o North Bay Aqueduct Long-term Contracts and Water Rights Agreements o Other Reclamation Projects o Non-Project Water
4 1.1 CVP Settlement Contracts
5 1.4 CVP Service Contracts
o Central Valley Project o Sacramento River Settlement Contracts o San Joaquin River Exchange Contracts o Schedule 2 Water Rights, Fresno Slough o Municipal & Industrial Shortage Policy: and Agricultural Water Service Contracts o Wildlife Refuge Contractors o State Water Project o Other Reclamation Projects o Non-Project Water
6 1.5 Wildlife Refuge Contracts
o Central Valley Project o Sacramento River Settlement Contracts San Joaquin River Water Supply Contract Amounts o (acre-feet/year) Exchange Contracts Wildlife Refuge Contract Demand Total Schedule 2 Water Area Number Unit Level 2 Incremental o Level 4 Rights, Fresno Slough Amount Level 4 Amount o Municipal & Industrial Sacramento River Hydrologic Region and Agricultural Water Sacramento NWR 01-WC-20-1757 08N_PR1 46,400 3,600 50,000 Service Contracts Delevan NWR 01-WC-20-1757 08N_PR2 20,950 9,050 30,000 o Wildlife Refuge Colusa NWR 01-WC-20-1757 08S_PR 25,000 – 25,000 Contractors Sutter NWR 01-WC-20-1757 17S_PR 23,500 6,500 30,000 o State Water Project Gray Lodge WA 01-WC-20-1755 17N_PR 35,400 8,600 44,000 o Other Reclamation Subtotal 151,250 27,750 179,000 Projects o Non-Project Water
7 1 Diversion Limit
o Central Valley Project • CalSim 3.0 implementation o Sacramento River Settlement Contracts – seniority o San Joaquin River Exchange Contracts – diversion limit. eg. 02_SA o Schedule 2 Water Rights, Fresno Slough
o Municipal & Industrial goal limitD_SAC296_02_SA and Agricultural Water {D_SAC296_02_SA < Service Contracts CLmon_SAC296_02_SA*taf_cfs*perdv_cvpsc_sys o Wildlife Refuge + WRmon_SAC296_02_SA*taf_cfs} Contractors State Water Project Diversion limit : Settlement Water o o Other Reclamation Contract Right Projects Irrigation months As Contract 0 o Non-Project Water Non-irrigation 0 No Limit months 8 2.1 SWP Long-term Contracts
o Central Valley Project CalSim 3.0 Maximum Table A Representation (acre-feet per year) State Water Project Amendment No. State Water Long-term Contractor and Date o Demand Diversion Year 2010 Year 2030 Project Unit Node Long-term Feather River o Contracts County of Butte 19, 01/19/07 N/A N/A 27,500 27,500 o Feather River Plumas County FC&WCD 18, 07/21/06 N/A N/A 2,160 2,700 o North Bay City of Yuba City 8, 05/28/03 16_PU FTR031 9,600 9,600 o Water Rights Total for Feather River 39,260 39,800 Agreements FRSA North Bay o Other Reclamation Napa County FC&WCD 23, 12/16/09 N/A BKR004 29,025 29,025 o Projects Solano County WA 19, 11/12/03 N/A BKR004 47,506 47,756 Non-Project Water Total for North Bay 76,531 76,781 o
9 2.1 SWP Long-term Contracts
o Central Valley Project o State Water Project o Long-term Contracts o Feather River o North Bay o Solano County Water Agency o Napa County FC&WCD o Permit Water o Settlement Water o Water Rights Agreements o FRSA o Other Reclamation Projects o Non-Project Water
10 2.2 SWP Settlement Contracts
o Central Valley Project o State Water Project o Long-term Contracts o Feather River o North Bay o Water Rights Agreements o FRSA o Other Reclamation Projects o Non-Project Water
11 3 Other Reclamation Projects • Orland Project o Central Valley – Adjudicated Water Rights Project • East Park Reservoir, pre-1914 o State Water water right Project • Stony Gorge Reservoir, post-1914 o Other – Appropriative Water Rights Reclamation • Black Butte Dam and Lake, junior Projects to adjudicated water rights o Orland Project • Solano Project o Solano Project o Non-Project Water
12 4 Non-Project Water • Water rights known to be subject to Term Central Valley 91 are highlighted, though curtailment has o not been implemented in CalSim 3.0 Project • Sacramento River o State Water – Water Right by Settlement Contractors Project – Llano Seco Rancho Other Reclamation – City of West Sacramento o – City of Sacramento Projects – Sacramento County Water Agency Non-Project Water • Freeport Regional Water Project o • Appropriative Water Rights o Sacramento River • CVP Water, SMUD Assignment and Public Law Lower Feather 101-514 o • Wholesale Agreements River • Water Forum o Lower American – East Bay Municipal Utility District River – Davis-Woodland Water Supply Project • State Water Board Permit Number 20281 • Water Transfer – Other Diverters 13 4 Non-Project Water • Lower Feather River Central Valley – Yuba City o • State Water Board Permit Number 14045 Project • State Water Board Permit Number 18558 • Yuba County Water District State Water • State Water Project o • Lower American River Project – Water Forum Agreement o Other Reclamation – Placer County Water Agency Projects – El Dorado Irrigation District – City of Folsom and Folsom Prison Non-Project Water – City of Roseville o – San Juan Water District o Sacramento River – Sacramento Suburban Water District o Lower Feather – California Department of Parks and Recreation River – Sacramento Municipal Utility District – Carmichael Water District o Lower American – City of Sacramento River – California American Water Company – Golden State Water Company – Cordova – Other Water Agencies 14 Goal
• Developing a model using WRIMS with similar schematic to CalSim 3.0 • Simulating water allocation based on water right limits and priority Source Data of Water Right • Database from SWRCB • Attributes: • Owner • Type • Date/Priority • Diversion Period • Limit • Diversion rate • Amount • Location (POD) • Actual diversion of recent years Process Water Right Data for Model Implementation
Spatial Data Model Unit and Spatial Overlay of Owner Documents
WRIMS Water Right Water Right Database Seniority Based Modelling
Diversion Limit Process Water Right Data for Model Implementation
Spatial Data Model Unit and Spatial Overlay of Owner Documents
WRIMS Water Right Water Right Database Seniority Based Modelling
Diversion Limit Major Water Rights
• >14,000 water rights -> ~200 for entire state • Criteria: – Face value – 2010-2013 reported use
• Threshold: – 5 TAF/year
• >91% of total diversion Spatial Overlay
• Goal: – Place of use • Overlay of layers: – CalSim 3.0 Demand Units (minimum model unit of CalSim 3.0) – POD (Points of Diversion) of major water rights – Available water district boundaries – National Hydrology Dataset – Public Land Survey System townships Spatial Overlay – Example I
Spatial Overlay – Example II Spatial Overlay – Example III Spatial Overlay – Example IV
14_NA 231951 52%
15S_NA2 176950 39%
15N_NA2 37101 8% Process Water Right Data for Model Implementation
Spatial Data Model Unit and Spatial Overlay of Owner Documents
WRIMS Water Right Water Right Database Seniority Based Modelling
Diversion Limit Water Right Seniority
• Riparian Water Rights – Property/parcel adjacent to a stream – No explicit limit, but: • Water used must be from “natural flow” • Water cannot be stored • Water used must be for reasonable beneficiary use. • Pre-1914 Appropriative Water Rights – Initiated before Dec 19, 1914 – Limited to quantity of water use by 1914, or planned to be used • Post-1914 Appropriative Water Rights – Requires a permit or license – Explicit limits on water used or water stored
Process Water Right Data for Model Implementation
Spatial Data Model Unit and Spatial Overlay of Owner Documents
WRIMS Water Right Water Right Database Seniority Based Modelling
Diversion Limit Water Right Limit
• Limit on diversion by certain water right could be simple, like (A000018 by Glenn Colusa ID).: – Diversion rate from Mar 1st to Nov 1st of each year cannot exceed 110 cfs • Or more complicated (A014804 by South Sutter WD): – Diversion to storage from Oct 1st to Jun 30th : <58370 AF/year – Total amount to storage of A10221, A2881(Camp Far West ID), A10190(CFW ID), and A14804: <102100 AF/year – Total amount (direct diversion + storage) of A10221 and A14804: <180550 AF/year – Total benificial use of A10221 and A14804: < 138300 AF/year – Direct diversion rate from Mar 1st to Sep 1st: <330 cfs – Combined rate of A10221 and A14804: <450 cfs
Model Description
1. Modification to CalSim 3.0 Stream Network – remove all reservoirs – remove Trinity river – include small tributaries upstream of Oroville Dam and Folsom Dam – add water right storages • American River • Yuba River • Cache Creek
Valley Floor Flows
Sac Valley # of DU Ag 73 Urban 64 Refuge 8 Sacramento Sacramento Valley Floor 30 River Basin Water Budget Areas DUs in WBA11 Model Description
1. Modification to CalSim stream network 2. Water supply – Unimpaired rim inflows – Local rainfall runoff – Tailwater and wastewater return flow – Stream gain from groundwater Model Description
1. Modification to CalSim stream network 2. Water supply 3. Water demand – CalSim Valley Floor Flows – Applied Water Demand (CalSimHydro) • Rice (AWr) • Other crops (AWo) • Refuge/Wetland (AWw)
CalSim Valley Floor Flows
Riparian & Channel Water Miscellaneous EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION Surface Evaporative Evaporation SURFACE DIVERSION Losses Applied Water Demand
GROUNDWATER PUMPING
River Operational Operational Spill Lateral Flow Lateral Loss Channel Deep Percolation Demand Unit (du)
Groundwater Aquifer Deep Percolation
Stream Gain/Loss
REUSE Tailwater Rainfall Runoff Return Flow
Surface Runoff Flow
Applied Water Demand = AWr + AWo + AWw
33 Mass Balance Equations of A CalSim 3.0 Demand Unit
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷 Applied Water Demand 𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 River
Demand Unit (du)
Groundwater Aquifer
𝑓𝑓 Stream Gain/Loss 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + = + + + + + 𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷 =𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 +𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 +𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 34 𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Model Description
1. Modification to CalSim Stream Network 2. Water Supply 3. Water Demand 4. Water Rights Diversion constrains – Riparian Rights • SWRCB records of irrigated acreage and location • CalSimHydro Applied Water Demands – Pre-1914 Appropriative Rights • SWRCB records of irrigated acreage and location • CalSimHydro Applied Water Demands – Post-1914 Appropriative Rights • SWRCB records of irrigation amount, acreage, timing and location • CalSimHydro Applied Water Demands • Diversion to storage Demand Unit Partition for Water Rights
Riparian & Channel Water Miscellaneous EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION Surface Evaporative SURFACE DIVERSIONS Evaporation Losses Applied Water Demand No Water Right N
GROUNDWATER PUMPING
River Riparian WR#1 R1 Operational Operational Spill Lateral Flow Lateral Loss Channel Deep Percolation
Pre-1914 WR#5 Groundwater Aquifer Deep e5 Percolation Post-1914 WR#10 t10 Stream Gain/Loss
REUSE Tailwater Rainfall Runoff Return Flow
Surface Runoff Flow
36 Model Description
1. Modification to CalSim stream network 2. Water supply 3. Water demand 4. Water rights diversion constrains 5. Water rights diversion priorities – Split water rights diversions (coloring for priority) – Split diversion in a demand unit based on water right applications – Combination of split diversions – Varying weights of a diversion based on seniority of a water rights application Mass Balance Equations of A Water Right Application
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅푅 No Water Right 𝐷𝐷𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑅𝑅푅 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑅𝑅푅
River Riparian WR#1 R1
Pre-1914 WR#5 Groundwater Aquifer Post-1914 WR#10 𝑓𝑓 Stream Gain/Loss 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅푅 + = + + + + + 𝑐𝑐 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅푅 𝐷𝐷 =𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 +𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 +𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 38 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅푅 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅푅 − 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅푅 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑅𝑅푅 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝑅𝑅푅 Combination of Split Diversions
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 No Water Right 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷 N 𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
River Riparian WR#1 R1
Pre-1914 WR#5 Groundwater Aquifer e5 Post-1914 WR#10 𝑓𝑓 t10 Stream Gain/Loss 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + + = 0 = + + + 𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷𝑅𝑅푅 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒푒 𝐷𝐷𝑡𝑡10 𝐷𝐷𝑁𝑁 = + + = 0 39 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅푅 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑒𝑒푒 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑡10 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑁𝑁 𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒푒 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡10 𝑅𝑅𝑁𝑁 Combination of Split Diversions
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PRECIPITATION 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 No Water Right N 𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
River Riparian WR#1 R1
Pre-1914 WR#5 Groundwater Aquifer e5 Post-1914 WR#10 𝑓𝑓 t10 Stream Gain/Loss 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + + = 0 = + + + 𝐷𝐷𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐷𝐷𝑅𝑅푅 𝐷𝐷𝑒𝑒푒 𝐷𝐷𝑡𝑡10 𝐷𝐷𝑁𝑁 = + + = 0 40 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑅𝑅푅 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑒𝑒푒 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑡𝑡10 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑁𝑁 𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅푅 𝑅𝑅𝑒𝑒푒 𝑅𝑅𝑡𝑡10 𝑅𝑅𝑁𝑁 Example of weights and diversion priority
Riparian Rights Base Weight = Wriparian Riparian WR#2 R2 D Post-1914 WR#1 Weight for DR1 = Wriparian t20 t1 Riparian WR#3 D R3 Weight for DR2 = Wriparian R3
De1 Weight for DR3 = Wriparian Pre-1914 WR#5 e1 Dt1 Pre-1914 Rights: Post-1914 WR#10 DR2 t20 Weight for De1 = Wriparian -1
Weight for De5 = Wriparian -1
Post-1914 Rights: No Water Right N DR1 Weight for Dt1 = Wriparian -2 Riparian WR#1 Weight for Dt10 = Wriparian -11 De5 R1
Weight for Dt20 = Wriparian -21 Dt10 Pre-1914 WR#5 e5 Post-1914 WR#10 t10 Preliminary Model Results
• Simulation Period: – Water Year 1922 to 2009 • Rim Watershed Inflows – Unimpaired for most rim watersheds • CalSimHydro Setup – Historical Precipitation • Monthly and daily PRISM datasets – Existing Land Use Conditions • Crop acreages and native vegetation at demand unit level • Three Delta depletions are linked to a lumped monthly water rights diversion limit to represent effects of the Delta riparian water rights diversions • Turn Off Groundwater Pumping • Turn Off Stream Gain/Loss from ground water Sacramento River Annual Water Right Diversions
Total Diversion
Pre-1914 Post-1914 Riparian Water Right Diversions/Return Flow Annual Diversions Annual Return Flows
– American River – Feather/Butte/Sutter Bypass – Sacramento River upstream of Fremont Weir – Sacramento River downstream of Fremont Weir
Water Right Diversions Monthly Average (WY1922-WY2009)
– American River – Feather/Butte/Sutter Bypass – Sacramento River upstream of Fremont Weir – Sacramento River downstream of Fremont Weir
Water Right Diversions
November (1921-2008) May (1922-2009)
– American River – Feather/Butte/Sutter Bypass – Sacramento River upstream of Fremont Weir – Sacramento River downstream of Fremont Weir
Summary and Discussion
• A prove of concept model using LP/MILP solver to handle water right diversion priorities • Capable of simulating diversions allowed under riparian, pre- 1914, and post-1914 water rights • Using CalSimHydro to compute crop demands of water rights applicants • Dynamically interaction with C2VSIM is under testing.