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Heroes of the Greek Revolution

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Early Years and Key Stage 1 Arts, Crafts and Dressing Ups! Greek Revolutionary Weaponry Posters and Reflections on Heroes of 1821 and 2021 How can we make the world a better place? • Reduce the use of fossil fuels • Reduce the use of plastic • Reduce the consumption of meat • distribute food and clothes to refugees • Plant more trees and plants • Volunteering • Respect peoples’ rights and opinions • Donate to charities • Being generous and kind • Conserve water The 200 in Mathematics Challenges! Make 200 by using the numbers 1, 8, 2, 1 and t operations +, -, ÷, × You have to use all numbers at least once! The 200 in Mathematics Challenges! Heroes of the Greek revolution By Stefanos Anthony and George Tsairelis Andreas Lodos (b.1786, Egio- d. 1845 - Athens) • One of the founders of the Society of Friends (A secret society that planned to overthrow the Ottoman empire) • Declared the revolution in Egio, N. Pe • Supporter of the British Government at that time (Robert Jenkinson). • He commited suicide after having too many economical problems. Alexanthros Ypsilantis (b. 1792 Istanbul - d. 1828 Vienna ) Started as a senior official of the Imperial Russian cavalry during the Napoleonic wars. Became the leader of the Society of Friends (see slide 2) Co-ordinated the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire. Giannis Diovouniotis (b. 1757 Dio Vouna- Athens 1831) • Named after his place of birth. • He married the daughter of the powerful and rich family of Gioldasides, having a son, George. • His most glorious moment was his clever plan to intercept the army of Beyran Pasha at Vasilika, on August 26, 1821. • The victory in Vasilika wrecked the Ottoman plans of strengthening Trippoli. Petros Mavromihalis (b.1765 Areopoli – d.1848 Athens ) • His family had a big history uprising against the Ottoman empire. • He was a Greek general, politician and the leader of the Maniot people during the first half of the 19th century. • After the revolution, Mavromihalis became a member of the first Greek Senate, which was lead by Ionnis Kapodistrias. Laskarina Bouboulina (b. 1771 Istanbul – d. 1825 Spetses ) Bouboulina grew up on the island of Spetses She was one of the few women of the Revolution and allegedly member of the Society of Friends (see slide 2) Bouboulina used her fortune to make weapons and ships for her country. She also collected men to fight with her against the Ottomans. She was the first woman Admiral of the Imperian Russian Navy Famous for fighting in the Seige of Nafplio She spent all her fortune for the War of Indepence and was killed in her house in Spetses as a result of a family vendetta Georgios Karaiskakis (b. 1782 Central Greece – d. 1827 Faliro) • From a very young age (15), he joined the ''κλέφτες'' rebel groups. • He took part in several battles in Central Greece, most of which, he won • He was fearless and fearsome • He was in command of a large group of fighters and everyone respected him • He was killed at his camp in Faliro while trying to prevent an Ottoman attack. Konstantinos Kanaris (b. 1793, Psara- d. 1877, Athens) • Konstantinos Kanaris was a Greek Admiral, patriot, and politician • He was a native of the island of Psara, a small island NW of Chios. He was an orphan from a young age. To earn his livelihood he became a seaman • He was famous for blowing up the ship of the leader of the Ottoman Navy in Chios in 1822. • After the War, he became the Prime Minister in later years. Greek Revolutionary Flags Year 6 Flag of the revolutionaries in Mani Flag used by the fighter Athanasios Diakos Flag of Hydra Flag of the Kolokotronians Flag of Spetses Flag of Miaoulis Thank you for your attention! Greek Revolution of 1821 By: John Roy, Nick, Soultana, Panayiotis, Katerina, Adam and Isabella Introduction Before the Revolution: • The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire. • The war of independence led to the formation of modern Greece. • This revolution is celebrated by Greeks around the world as the independence day on the 25th March. Some Statistics: • Duration: 1821-1830 After the Revolution: • Location: Balkans (Mainly Greece) , Aegean sea • Combatants: Greek Revolutionaries, United Kingdom, France, Russian Empire • Casualties: 50,000 Greeks, 181 Brits, French and Russian, 115,000 Ottoman, 5,000 Egyptian Events Filiki Eteria • Filiki Eteria (Friendly Society) – was an organization founded in 1814 whose purpose it was to overthrow the Ottoman rule in Greece to gain independence. • Its three founders were Nikolaos Skoufas, Emmanuil Xanthos and Athanasios Tsakalov. • Their moto is one of the most famous sayings of the entire Greek Revolution being “Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος” meaning Freedom or Death. Philhellenism • Philhellenism - the love for Greek culture • Many philhellenes supported and aided the Greek revolution with finance, artistic works and writings. • Their major role and support was crucial to the outcome of the event. • Some, notable Lord Byron even took up arms to join Greek revolutionaries. Philhellenism – Eugene Delacroix • Two of Delacroix’s most renowned paintings have drawn inspirations from scenes of the Greek Revolution; the Massacre at Chios and the ruins of Messolongi. • The significance of paintings such as these had a great impact on the European public opinion at the time. Philhellenism – Lord Byron • Lord Byron is one of the most well known philhellenes that actively took part in the Greek Revolution, playing an influential role. • Not only did he write distinguished and noteworthy poems, Lord Byron fought on behalf of the Greeks against the Ottoman empire in the Greek War and offered financial aid forming the Byron Brigade. The Exodus of Messolongi • The Exodus of Messolongi is one of the most significant historical events of the revolution in April of 1826. • The inhabitants of Messolongi, battled the Turkish army with courage and strength for a whole year. The Turks were able to suspend food and other supplies from entering the town which as a consequence made people die from famine and diseases. • On the night of April, 10th, 1826, the exhausted residents of Messolongi decided to stealthily exit their city and hide in the mountains and the close by villages. However, their plan was disclosed to the Turks. This made the enemies prepare so when they carried out their plan to escape, the Turks ambushed and killed all the residents including all women, children and the majority of the soldiers leaving behind 1300 men. • The Exodus is considered to be a great act of courage and it is celebrated every year in Messolongi the Sunday before Easter, as a remembrance of this heroic act. ATHANASIOS DIAKOS MANTO MAVROGENOUS • Manto Mavrogenous was a Greek fighter of the Greek Revolution of 1821. • For her overall contribution to the struggle, she was honored by the Greek State with the rank of Lieutenant General. • She was one of the most important fighters of the revolution of 1821 and was from a rich family. • Furthermore, she donated all her fortune in order to aid the war and better Greece’s efforts as a whole. MARKOS BOTSARIS • Markos Botsaris was an important leader early in the Greek War of Independence. • He was a Greek general and hero of the Greek War of Independence and captain of the Souliotes. • Botsaris distinguished himself through his courage, tenacity and skill as a partisan leader. • He played a key role in the defense of Messolongi during the first siege of the city; because of this, he was named General of Western Greece. • He bravely led the attack on Karpenisi on August 1823. Despite this, he was shot in the head and killed. • His legacy continues to live on and this is evident in the numerous statues, poems and songs which honour him. THEODOROS KOLOKOTRONIS • Theodoros Kolokotronis was a Greek general and leading figure of the Revolution of 1821, chief, proxy and Counselor of the State. • Kolokotronis came from a famous family. In 1805, Kolokotroni took part in the naval operations of the Russian fleet during the Russo-Turkish war. In 1818 he was initiated into the Friendly Society. • He acquired the nickname “Geros of Moria”. • After his death he was honoured by the Greek State with the rank of Marshal. • He starred in many military operations of the Struggle, • such as the victory at Valtetsi (May 13, 1821), • the fall of Tripolitsa (September 23, 1821), • the destruction of Dramalis' army at Dervenakia (July 26, 1822), where he saved the Struggle in the Peloponnese. • After the intelligence and boldness of his strategic mind reigned. These successes made him the general of the Peloponnese. Georgios Karaiskakis • He was born in 1782 at Faliro and died in 1821 . • He started as a kleftis and then became stratarxis of the Greek revolution in 1821. • From a young age he wanted to become the captain of Agrafa which he succeeded in 1821 with the help of Giannaki Ragko. • He was killed in action on his Greek name day on the 23rd of April 1827 when he got seriously wounded by a riffle bullet at the Battle of Phaleron. Laskarina Bouboulina • She was born on the 11th of May 1771 in a prison in Constantinople. She was killed as a result of a family feud in Spetses. • She married twice . Once to a wealthy ship owner and Captain and the second to a Russian ambassador. • She took over her first husbands fortune and ships and built her own ship, the Agamemnon. • Bouboulina then joined the Filiki Eteria, the underground organization preparing for the revolution against Ottoman rule. • March 13th 1821 she raised the Greek flag on Agamemnon and then she sailed with 8 ships to Nafplion.
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  • Historein Volume 14.1 (2014)

    Historein Volume 14.1 (2014)

    HISTOREIN VOLUME 14.1 (2014) Νikos Theotokas of the Peloponnese. However, he soon came to oppose the governor’s policies. He initially Ο Bίος του στρατηγού Μακρυγιάννη: welcomed the enthronement in 1833 of King Απομνημόνευμα και Ιστορία Otto, a Bavarian prince, but became disillu- sioned by the policies of the Bavarian-domi- [The life of General Makriyannis: nated regency. Makriyannis played a leading memoir and history] role in the conspiracy against the regime and in the 3 September 1843 movement that led to Athens: Vivliorama, 2012. 549 pp. the granting of the first constitution (1844). He was convicted of conspiracy and sentenced to Eleni Andriakaina death, though he was later pardoned. During Panteion University the defence of the Acropolis during the war of independence, he sustained serious head inju- The publication of Nikos Theotokas’ study ries. An illiterate soldier, he learned to read and comes at a critical juncture in contempo- write and, in 1829, embarked on the writing of rary Greece. Neither the book’s modest title, his Memoirs, an extraordinary document that nor the pastness of its object, seem to have covers the period during and after the war of much relevance for the fierce urgencies of the independence. In 1851 he began writing a sec- present or even for the challenges – methodo- ond secret manuscript, known as Visions and logical, theoretical or institutional problems – Miracles. This was published in 1983, more now facing Greek scholars within the humani- than 120 years after his death. ties and the social sciences. How then can we explain the appeal of the book to a wide read- Given the mass production of memoirs writ- ership within and beyond academia? And why ten by the Greek fighters of the 1821 revolu- the numerous and enthusiastic reviews it has tion, Makriyannis’ text was just one among received? One explanation lies in the long- many.