J. Plant Prot. and Path., Mansoura Univ., Vol.9 (7): 417- 421, 2018 The Most Economic Lepidopterous Pests Attacking Vegetable Crops in Egypt. Rahouma, A. K. Plant Prot. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
ABSTRACT
In this work there about 25 lepidopterous pest species belonging to seven families that recorded in Egypt and throughout the world as moderate or serious pests on vegetables and other crops of economic importance. The correct insect scientific names and the common names of the studied speen have been corrected and newly confirmed and updated. Host plant and distribution have been achieved.
INTRODUCTION Host plants: Chenopodiaceae plants i.e., table and sugar beet, chard beet, spinach beet, worm seed plant, orach, The updating of the scientific insect names and (Atriplex ), Amaranth ( Amaranthus ). their common or vernacular names is very important in any Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan species of entomological work. It the first step to present the accurate worldwide distribution, including the Mediterranean and the updated scientific names for all entomological region, Canary Islands, most of Europe countries, Middle works i.e., survey of insect, breeding of insect and ecology, East, Iran, Southern Europe, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, pest management and control program, agricultural Georgia & Turkmenistan, all Asia, Africa, Egypt, Palestine extension and training programs etc. The host plants and , Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia. the geographical distribution have been recently renewing Pest status: The species acts as insect pest of all beet root and updated in that time the economic importance or pest leaves, buds, tubers of table and sugar beet, chard and status have been completely discussed. Some recent spinach in all region of Egypt. references have bee added. Povolny, 1994; Capinera, 2001 Family: Gelechiidae & 2007; Robinson and Sattler, 2001; Sihvonen, 2005; 3 Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) أ ق أ وراق ا ط ا Badr, 2007; Baraniak, 2007; Stringer, 2008; Powell & American tomato leafminer دود ة ط ط أ ا Opler, 2009; Erler et al ., 2010; el Rawy et al ., 2011; South American tomato worm أ ق أوراق ا ط Franklin, 2011; Marillo et al ., 2013; Liu Hong & Li Tomato leafminer Houtlun, 2014). The present study aimed to give revision Host plants : Tomatoes fruits & leaves, potato leaves, of the most economic lepidopterous insect pests belonging peppers and eggplant leaves, black night shade leaves, to seven families i.e., Gelechiidae, Geometridae, tobaco , dutura , Physalis spp. kidney bean, cow pea. Noctuidae, Nolidae, Plutellidae, Pyralidae, and Pyraustidae Slender amaranth, beet root, bell pepper, mallow bind attacking the vegetable and ornamental plants in Egypt. weed, wild mustard, melon pear, common sow thistle,
MATERIALS AND METHODS jonson grass, spinach & common cocklebur, etc. Geographical distribution: Peru, South America All of the updating insect scientific names used (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, here have been obtained from the taxonomic articles and Uruguay & Venezuela), Europe, Mediterranean regions from the revisional classification works from the world net Turkey, Middle East, Bangladesh, Georgia, India, Iran, i.e. Wikipedia etc. around the world Iraq, Jordan, Kuwail, Lebanon, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, The host plants, geographical distribution and Turkey Syria, Emirates, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, all economic importance have been revised and achieved after Europe countries Ghana, Lesotho, Libya, Mayotte, revising the recent entomological research around the Morocco, Mozambique, Kenya, Botswana, South Africa, world up till now. The recent literatures have been added at Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzia, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Cust the end of this work. Rica, Panama.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pest status: The American tomato leafminer species acts as a very harmful tomato pest on leaves and fruits in all Order: Lepidoptera parts of Egypt. Family: Gelechiidae Family: Geometridae 1- Phthorimaea opercuelella (Zeller, 1873) 4- Scopula coenosaria luridata (Zeller, 1847) ( =Idaea & ( Acidalia دودة در ت ا ط Potato tuberworm دودة اوراق ا ا Host plants: Main host potato tomato secondary hosts i.e. Asparagus leaf looper worm دودة أزھ ر ا ط eggplant, pepper, henbane, tobacco, thon apple (datura). Tomato flower worm Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan species of Host plants: Asparagus, tomatoes, egg plant flowers, world wide distribution. black night shade, hen bane, peppers & datura, etc. Pest status: The potato tuber worm an important pest on Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan species. USA, potato tubers in storage and on tomato fruits in the field. Canada, Europe, Mediterranean Region, Middle East, Family: Gelechiidae Asia, Minor, Japan, China, Pakistan, India, North Africa, 2- Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd, 1858) (Phthorimaea ) Somalia, Yemen, Oman, Australia & Egypt, etc. Pest status: The tomato flower worm is a harmful pest to دودة در ت ا Table beet tuberworm tomatoes causes falling of flowers and newly setting دورة ا ا ة Table beet twigworm .tomato fruits, in all region of Egypt ا أو دودة ا Sweet beet moth or worm دودة ا ا Spinach twing borerworm Family: Noctuidae – Pluisiinae دودة ا ا ا ر Chard beet leaf budworm Rahouma, A. K.
5- Autographa gamma (L., 1758) cauliflower, cucurbits, legumes, sunflower, safflower, lettuce, celery, parsley, spinach onion, garlic, flax, cotton ا ا ا ذات ا ف Silver y shaped semilooper moth y .bolls etc. in region of Egypt ا ا ا ذات ا ف Gamma moth or fly y Family: Noctuidae دودة ا ا ا Common cabbage semilooper worm , Thysanoplusia orichalcea (F.,1775)(Trichoplusia -8 دودة ر ا ط ا Tomato fruit semilooper worm Host plants: Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, mustard, Thysanoplusia ) ا ا ا ا ھ turnip, rocket, radish, kale, rape, violet cabbage, Brussels Golden wings semilooper ا ا ا ا (ا و ) sprouts, collard, beans, beet and sugar beet, carrot, clover, Slender burnished brass moth دودة ل ا ا corn, sorghum, cotton, Egyptian lupin, ground nut, lettuce, Soyabean looperworm celery, parsley, onion, peas, peppermint, potatoes, tomato, Host plants : Cucurbits, crucifers, lettuce, artichoke, cotton safflower, sunflower , camomile, okra, artichoke, oleander, okra, tomatoes, sweet potato, spinach, onion, garlic, radish, sweet potato, chard beet, spinach, chrysanthemum, sorrel, celery, parsley, beet, sugar beet, sesame Egyptian pyrethrum, cucurbits, kindey bean, broad bean, chickpea, lupin, all legumes, cotton, flax, tobacco, alfalfa, ground fenugreek, lentil, soyabean, garlic, malva, privet hedge, nut, all asteraceous plant including sunflower, safflower, sorrel, rose moss, common purslane, tobacco, dill, bishops chrysanthemum, lucerne, soyabean, carrot, potates, etc. wood. Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan, America, Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan in all region of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Mediterranean the word. region, all Africa, South Asia, India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Pest status: Tomato fruit semilooper worm is very Middle East, Egypt. destructive pest on vegetables, ornamental medicinal plants Pest status: This semilooper spread in all parts of Egypt and cotton, etc. in Egypt. infesting all the previous host plants especially tomatoes, Family: Noctuidae cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, soyabean, currot, lucerne, 6- Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper, 1789) (= Plusia, potatoes, lettuce, spinach, artichoke, onion, garlic, legumes Phytometera and Autographa ) etc. Family: Noctuidae ا ا ذات ا ا ھ Golden twin spot moth (Thysanoplusia circumscripta (Freyer; 1831 9 ا ا ا ذات ا Two dot semilooper moth ( Trichoplusia, & Plusia) دودة ر ا ط ا Tomato fruits semilooper worm دودة ون ا ت ا Legumes pods semilooper worm ا ا ا ذات Two small white spots semilooper ا ا ء ا ,Host plants : Cabbage, cauliflower, solanaceous plants tomatoes, sweet potato, lettuce, corn, millet, legumes, Host plants: Crucifers, cucurbits, legumes, solanaceous onion, garlic, peppermint, pennyroyal, okra, cotton, hemp, plants, cotton, okra, lettuce, spinach, artichoke, onion, malva, sesame, sorrel, spinach, strawberry, astraceous garlic, lentil, sesames flax, soyabean, alfalfa, clover, plants oleander, beet root, sugar beet, atropa, sesbane, fenugreek, pea, Egyptian lupin, ground nut, broad bean, lentil, flax, labiab, tobacco, sweet potato, ground nut, pigeon pea, sesban, corrot, peppermint, table beet , sugar cucurbits, corn, dill, spinch, celery, parsley, etc. beet, lentil, malva, hemp, celery, parsley, sunflower, Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan species, safflower, chrysanthemum, carration etc. southern Europe, all Mediterranean region, Middle East Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan including Southern Africa, Asia, North America, Europe (Albanic Mediterranean Basin, Near East, Middle East, All Africa & Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Egypt. Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Pest status: The species of moderate importance attacking Romania, Spain, Sweden, England. crucifers, legumes, solanacous crops onion, garlic lentil, Pest status: The species is widely spread in all region in sesame soyabean, lucerne, grount nut etc., in all part of Egypt infesting tomato fruits, cabbage, cauliflower, Egypt. cucurbits fruits, legumes pods, corn, cotton bolls, okra Family: Noctuidae fruits, sweet potato, carawy, ground nut, Egyptian garlic, 10 Thusunoplusia daubei (Boisd., 1840) ( Plusia , dill, beet root, sugar beet, spinach, celery, parsley. Triohoplusia) دودة ا ا ا ي Family: Noctuidae Lesser cabbage semilooper دودة ا وا ا Cornutiplusia circumflexa (L. 1767) (Syngrapha, Chicory & sowthistleworm 7- Plusia, Autographa) Host plants : Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, kale, rape, turnip, tomatoes, eggplant, squash, watermelon, curcurbits ا ا ا ذات ا ا ج Silver y shaped semilooper moth flowers, soyabean, alfalfa, cotton, okra, table beet & sugar دودة ا ت ا ا Common crucifers semilooper worm .beet, etc ا ا ت ذات ا ا ج Legumes sinuated line moth دودة ا ط ا Tomato semilooper worm Geographical distribution : All parts of the world Canada, Host plants : Cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, kale, rape, America, South America, Austratia, Europe, Asia, Africa, broccoli, beet & sugar beet, clover, alfalfa, soyabean, Mediterranean countries and in Egypt. cotton, okra, malva, lettuce, artichoke, tomato, potato, Pest status : One of the most moderate semilooper insect onion, garlic, sweet potato, tobacco, flax, all asteraceous pest on cabbage, cauliflower, all vegtables, cotton, okra plants, radish, rocket etc. fruits, malva, cucurbites, legumes, asteraceous plants etc., Geographical distribution : Cosmopolitan pest i.e., Italy, in all regions of Egypt. Greece, Russia, Ural, Africa, Canary Island, South west Asia, Ceylon, India, Nepal, China, Japan. 11 Trichoplusia ni (H., 1800) ( Phytometra and Plusia) دودة ا ا ا ي Pest status: The species act as a moderate pest on the Greater cabbage looperworm دودة ا ط ا above mentioned host plants especially tomatoes, cabbage, Sweet potato semilooper worm
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Host plants: All crucifers plants, cucurbits, legumes, rape, broccoli, tomato, sweet potato, cucumbers, squash, solanaceous crops, cotton, okra, malva, hemp, carrot, pumpkin, spinach, artichoke, celery, parsley, lettuce, beet lettuce, onion, garlic, radish, rocket, peppermint, ground roots, corn, sorghum and millet heads in all parts of Egypt. nut, Egyptian lupin, spinach, artichoke, sorrel, beet and Family: Noctuidae sugar beet, sesame, flax celery sunflower, chrysanthemum, 15 Helicoverpa nubigera (Herr Schaff.,1851) hollyhock, sweetpea, tobacco , chard beet, lettuce, (=Heliothis) دودة ا ا ي dandelion, curly dock, ground nut, sweet potato, etc. Egyptian lupinworm دودة ا Geographical distribution : Cosmopolitan Kidney bean armyworm دودة ا ا ا Pest status : The second pest of cabbage after Aut. gamma Mung bean budworm دودة ون ا ا ي (spreads in all parts of Egypt infesting all crucifers, Cow bean budworm (Cowpea دودة ون ا legumes, cucurbits, asteraceous, Malvaceous crops. Peas pod worm Family: Noctuidae Host plants: Egyptian lupin (main host), kidney bean, cow bean, watermelon, cucurbits, tomatoes, cabbage, mustard, 12 - Spodoptera exigua (H., 1803) cauliflower, etc. دودة ورق ا ا ي Lesser cotton leaf worm Geographical distribution : Italy (sicily), Cyprus & Egypt. دودة ورق ا (دودة ا ) Beet root leaf worm Pest status : The species acts as a pest of the Egyptian دودة ا ا Beet armyworm lupin, kidney bean, cowbean, peas and all legumes in Host plants : Cotton, okra, malva, tomatoes, egg plants, Egypt especially in upper Egypt. peppers, table beet, sugar beet, cabbage, cauliflower, Family: Noctuidae broccoli, kale, rape, turnip, mustard, radish, rocket, onion, 16 Agrotis ipislon (Hufnagel, 1766) garlic, letture, celery, parsley, artichoke, sorrel, ا ا ودة ا ر ذات ا ا Dark sword grass moth ا ودة ا ر ا ا داء peppermint, flax, lentil, ground nut, Egyptian lupin, Black greasy cutworm دودة درات ا ا ر ا ي cucurbits crops, alfalfa, soyabean, clover, fenugreek, chich Greater cotton seedling cutworm دودة درات ت ا ا ر pea, peas, kidney bean, brooad bean carrot etc. Vegetables seedling cutworm Geographical distribution : Cosmopolitan species of Host plants : Polyphagus insect pests infesting all world wide distribution. vegetables seedlings, cotton, okra, crucifers crops, legumes, Pest status : Sporadic insect pest acts as a major best on cucurbits, solanaceous crops, beet, sugar beet, celery, table beet and sugar beet, and all vegetables in Egypt and parsley, dill, peppermint, cereal seedlings, ornamental and in the world. medicinal plant seedling, Bermuda and ryegrass, sweet Family: Noctuidae potato, spinach, artichoke, lettuce, carrot, etc. 13 Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd., 1833) Geographical distribution : Cosmopolitan pest. Pest status : Sporadic serious pest in all the previous plant دودة ورق ا ا ي Greater cotton leafworm Host plants: A polyphagous pest attack most vegetables crops in all parts of Egypt on cotton, legumes, crucifers, i.e., crucifers, cucurbits, legumes, cotton, okra, malva, cucurbits, asteraceous crops seedlings. hemp, carrot, alfalfa, clover, soyabean, lettuce, ground nut, Family: Noctuidae Egyptian lupine, peas, broad bean, chickpea, fenugreek, 17 Scotia segetum (Dennis & Schiffer., 1775) (Agrotis) دودة ا ا ر lentil, flax, carrot peppermint, celery, parsley, onion, Turnip cutworm garlic, sorrel, beet, sugar beet, spinach, common purslane, Host plants: Vegetable seedling i.e., turnip (maim host), sesame, tomatoes, peppers, cumin, safflower, sunflower, mustard, cabbage, kale, rape, broccoli, leeks, peppers, chamomile, artichoke, oleander, rocket, raddish, sweet spinach, beet root, sugar beet, cotton, onion, garlic, celery, potato, etc. parsley, dill, spinach, artichoke, carrot, asteraceous plants, Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan pest. etc. Pest status: Very harmful pests of all the above mentioned Geographical distribution : USA, Australia, Europe, plants in all parts of Egypt. Africa, Asia, Middle East, Egypt. Family: Noctuidae Pest status: A serious insect pest in the new reclaimed 14 Helicoverpa armigera (1808) ( Heliothis ) land in Egypt infesting crucifers crop seedlings especially turnip and mustard, and all vegetable seedling in Nile دودة ا ز ا American cotton bollworm .valley and all upper Egypt دودة ر ا ط Tomato fruitworm (Family: Noctuidae (Previously: Arctiidae and Noctuidae دودة ا ا ن Tobacco bodworm Host plants : All vegetable crops from curucifers plants, 18 Earias insulana (Boisd; 1833) دودة ا ز ا ا cucurbits, legumes, especially tomatoes, eggplant, squash, Egyptian spiny bollworm دودة ر ا ا watermelon, sweet melon, cantaloupe, cucumber, Egyptian Okra spiny fruitworm دودة ازھ ر ا ا lupin, soyabean, peas, kidney bean, mung bean, cow bean, Hollyhock spiny flower worm دودة ان ا رة ا sesbane, chickpea, fenugreek, lentil, pepper mint, cotton, Corn ear spiny worm دودة ر ا ا okra, malva, musk mallow, hollhock, hemp, privet, Hemb fruit spinyworm دودة ز ا ا (ا ت) jasmine, sesame, corn, sorghum, millet, oats, sunflower, Cotton spotted bollworm carnation, safflower, onion, garlic, roses, strawberry, Host plants: All malvaceous plants, cotton, okra, Syrian mulberries, clove pink, sycamore, guava, asparagus, celery, rose ( Hibiscus spp.), rosella, musk mallow, changeable parsley etc. rose, tarter, malva (mallow), hollyhock, marsh mallow, Geographical distribution : Cosmopolitan Egyptian hemp, corn, rice, sugarcane, etc. Pest status : A serious pest on cotton bolls, okra fruits, Geographical distribution : Europe, Near East, Middle cucurbits frutis, legumes fruits, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, East, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Australia, Africa, Hawaii and Egypt.
419 Rahouma, A. K.
Pest status: The Egyptian cotton spiny bollworm, Earias 22 Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851) (Margaronia) دودة ا ر وا م insulana came the second in its serious damage on cotton Cucumber and melonworm دودة ا ع ا و ع ا bolls after the pink bollworm , Pectinophora gossypiella Pumpkin and squashworm دودة ا ع ا ( ع ش) Saunders) (Gelechiidae) in Egypt. The larvae pore in Calabash gourd bottleworm) دودة ا ف ا ي ( ان ا ف) newly cotton branches having blossoms or leaves puds and Egyptian luffaworm دودة also on okra branches leaves or flowers. The larvae tunnel Levant cotton worm into the flower or leave buds and bolls which become Host plants: All cucurbits i.e., cucumber, melon, bitter brown and fall off, secondary invation by fungi and melon, pumpkin, squash moschata, honey gourd, snake bacteria have been occurred. The larvae ranged from 13 18 cucumber, musk melon, Egyptian melon, watermelon, mm long, spiny and mottled dark brown and black scarlet gourd, kunduri, sponge gourd (Egyptian luffa), coloures. The main host is cotton, okra, hemp, mallow, calabash bottle gourd Levant cotton, chate of Egypt, hollyhock, rosella (carcade), corn ears in all parts of Egypt. vegetable marrow, cantaloupe melon, hairy cucumber, The size of moths in Sinai, upper Egypt and kafr El Sheikh apple cucumber, musky gourd etc. are somewhat small of a bout 12 20 mm wingspan and 4 5 Geographical distribution : All parts of the word mm long. cosmopolitan. Family : Pyralidae Pest status : Cucumber or melon worm acts as a moderate 19 Etiella zinckenella (Treit, 1832) insect webworm pest in all regions of Egypt planting .cucurbits crops دودة ون ا Cowpea pod worm Famil: Pyraustidae دودة ون ا Kidney bean pod worm & Hellula undalis (F., 1781) (=Pyralis, Phalaena 23 دودة ون Lima bean pod borer worm (Evergestis دودة ون ل ا Soyabean pod worm دودة ور وأوراق ا Cabbage root and leaf worm دودة ون ا Pea pod worm دودة ا Host plants : Cowpea, kidney bean, limabean bean, mung Collards cabbage worm bean, gram, vetch, lebbeck tree, camel thorn, pigeon pea, Host plants : Cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli , collards atropa, sesban, futna, acacia, alfalfa, soyabean, broad bean, cabbage, kale, rape, mustard, spoon cabbage, violet chick pea, Egyptian lupin, lentil, etc. cabbage, turnip, wall rocket, radish, Brussels sprouts, Geographical distribution : Worldwide in all parts of the capers, filinder, caper berry. Indian cadaba, etc. world. Europe Africa USA, Canada, Australia, Asia, Geographical distribution : Canada, USA, South Middle and Near East and Egypt. America, Australia, Africa, Europe, Mediterranean Pest status : Very common as minor pest throughout Egypt countries, Middle East, Asia , Pacific and Egypt. infesting all legumes pods especially cowpea soyabean, Pest status : The cabbage rootworm acts as a moderate pest gram, lucerne, vetch, lentil, pea, and kidney bean. on cabbage in all region of Egypt. Family: Pyralidae Family: Pyraustidae 20 Euzophera osseatella (Triet., 1832) 24 Spoladia recurvalis (F., 1775) (Hymenia) دودة ھ واي ا Hawaiian beet webworm ر ق ا ذ ن Eggplant stemborer دودة ا ة ا Beet root webworm ر و ع ا ط Potato branch borer دودة ا ا Sugar beet webworm ر ق ا Pepper stemborer دودة ل ا ا Host plants: Eggplant, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, black Soyabean webworm دودة أوراق ا ا night shape, henbane, datura, tobacco, etc. Cotton beet webworm Geographical distribution: Europe i.e., England, France, Host plants : Bet root, sugar beet, chard beet, Mexican tea, Portugal, Spain, Italy Cecily, Sardinia, Corsica, Croatia, golden sorrel, rhubarb sorrel, water –dook, spinach dock, Greece, Cyprus, North Africa (Mediterranean regions), sea orache, cotton, corn and amaranth, etc. Middle and near East, Asia, Australia, and Egypt. Geographical distribution : Cosmopolitan species. Pest status : The larvae of eggplant stem borer pore in the Pest status : Moderate pest on beet, sugar beet, soyabean, stems of eggplant, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, bores stems cotton, corn, chard beet, sorrel, spinach in all parts of towards roots causing defoliation of plants. The species is Egypt growing table and sugar beeb. widely spread in all parts of Egypt. Family: Plutellidae Family: Pyraustidae 25 Plutella xylostella (F., 1758) (= Plutella maculipennis 21 Antigastra catalaunalis (Dup., 1833) Curtis, 1832) ا ا ذات ا ا Diamond back moth دودة ون ا Sesame podworm دودة ا ا Cabbage webworm دودة ا ا Sesame webworm ا ق اوراق ا Host plants : Sesame pods, duranta, white rock – rose Cabbage leafminer ا ا Helianthemum spp .) snapdragon ( Antirrhinum ) Cabbage moth) Geographical distribution : Tropial countries, Africa, Host plants: All Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) i.e., cabbage, South America, India, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Burma, and cauliflower, broccoli, kale, rape, Brussels sprouts, turnip, Egypt. mustard, radish, rocket, peppers capers, collards, wall Pest status : The species act as a minor pest on sesame rocket, oil seed rape, violet cabbage, koharpi and pods. watercress, etc. Family: Pyraustidae
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Geographical distribution: Cosmopolitan North Franklin, M.T.; E. Ritland and H.Myers Judith (2011): America (1854), all Europe, Southeast Asia, Australia, Genetic analysis of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia New Zealand , All African countries, Asia and Egypt. ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, a seasonal migrant in Pest status : The diamond back moth is widely distributed western North America. Evolutionary applic., 4(1): in all regions of Egypt infesting cabbage, cauliflower, 98 99. broccoli, kale, rape and all Brassicaceous crops of IVO Novak, I. (2000): Afield guide in colour to butterflies moderate damage. and moths. Agntin. Pub. Huse Brague, Czech. Reb, 352pp. REFERENCES Liu Hong Xia & Li Houtlun (2014): Taxonomic study of Badr, M.A. (2007): Common names of the most economic the genus Etiella Zeller (Lepioptera Pyralidae) in insect pests in Egypt. Min. of Agric. Unit press, China. Zool. Syst., 39 (1): 149 153. 235pp. Murillo, H., D.W.A. Hunt and S.L. Van Laerhoven (2013): Baraniak, E.(2007): Taxonomic revision of the genus First records of Chrysodeixis chalcites Plutella schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera Plulellidae) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidue: Plusiinae) for east central from the palaearctic region with notes on its Canada. Canadian Ent., 145 (3): 338 342. Phylogeny. Polskie, Pismo Ent.; 76 suppli., 1 22. Povolny, D. (1994): Gnorimoschemini of south America Capinera, J, L. (2001): Handbook of vegetable pests. VI: identification key checklist of Neotropical taxa Academic press, San Diego. 729 pp. and general considerations (Insecta) Lepidoptera: Capinera, J.L. (2007): Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Gelechiidae). Steenstrupia, 20(1): 1 42. (II). Insecta (Lepidoptera – Noctuidae) Univ. of Powell, J.A. & Opler, P.A. (2009): Moths of western North Florida, ifas. UFI. Edu., TN 262, 6pp. America. Univ. of Calif., Press. P. 107. El Rawy, A.M. and G.A. Shalaby (2011): Reaction of Robinson, G.S. & R. Sattler (2001): Plutella in the some sugarbeet varieties to the infestation with Hawaiian Islands: Relatives and host races of the some insect and final yield. Egypt. Journal of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera Plutellidae) Agric. Res., 89: 1383 1391. Bishop Mus. Occasional papers, 67: 27pp. Erler, F.; M. Can; M. Erdogan; A. O. Ates & Prodier Sihvonen, P. (2005): Phylogeny and Classification of the (2010): New record of Tuta ubsoluta Meyrick Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: (Lepidoptera – Gelechiidae) on greenhouse grown Sterrhinae) Zool. J. of the Linnean Society. 143(4): tomato in Southwestern Turkey (Antalya). J. Ent. 473 530. Science, 2010, 45 (4): 392 393. Stringer, L.D. (2008): Soybean looper Thysanoplusia orichalcea (Lepidoptera: Nocturdae) pest. Manag. Sci, 64 (12): 1218 21.
أھ ا ت ذات ا ھ ا د ر ا ا ا ر ث و ا ت – ا ث ا را – د ة
ا را ا ا ء ا وا اح ا ء ا وا د ٢٥ ً ر ا ت ا ن ا ا : Families: Gelechiidae Geometridae Noctuidae Pyralidae Pyraustdae and Plutellidae ، ا ء ا ه ا اع ع إ ا ت ا ا رة ت ا ا و Wikipedia و ا ا ء ا اد Synonyms ا ا . ا ء ا common names وا ء ا ار vernacular names ا ء ا ا اح ا ء ا اع ا أ ء دار وذ ع ا ا ا ا ا و ً اح وإ ء ا ء ا و ا ن ا م ا ت وا ت ا وا ا ا وا ز ا ا و ا ا ت وأھ ا د ا . م ا ا ت ا ا ا ا ا ت ي وا اھ ا ز ا ا ه ا اع ي وا ، ق ا إ ا ھ ا د ه ا اع وا رھ ا ا ا ا Pest status . ض ا ا ث ا ا ا ا ت ض ا ت ا ل ا ر ھ ه ا اع و ا ا وا ء ا ا و ا ء ا وا ھ ا د . اھ ا ا إ ء ا ا ا وا ا أھ اف ا ث ا ا ت ا و ا ت و ا ات وا ا وا ا را ا وا ر وا ر د ا را وا ا را وا ات ا ا را . و ا ا أھ اف ا ودرا ا ع ا ات وأ اع ا ت أ ء ر ا . وھ ا ا ا ث ا م ا و رة ة ا ھ ا ا ل ا ي . .
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