New Civil Engineer JANUARY 2020

Rising stars rewarded p22 Hinkley’s nuclear tunnels p46 Flood funding p52 New Civil Engineer JANUARY 2020

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MARK HANSFORD EDITOR

ollapse of the under-construction Florida International Yet no-one acted to close the highway beneath the bridge, secure University bridge that killed six people in March 2018 the structure with props or take any other sensible precautionary serves as sobering reminder of engineers’ responsibil- measure. They refused to believe their own eyes, preferring instead to C ities and this month New Civil Engineer focuses on the believe the calculations of the designer. future of bridge engineering. Why was that? Malik suggests that perhaps engineers have become The lessons from Florida are stark. Here was a team that thought it was innovating – in methods with offsite, modular “accelerated bridge construction”, and in materials, with the use of shiny new self-cleaning The impending concrete. But the basics of the project were fundamentally wrong. The United States National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) is failure of the Florida bridge unequivocal about this. Its investigation highlighted basic design flaws should have been obvious to anyone and a complete lack of oversight by every single party that had responsibility to identify the design errors or stop work and call for a safety stand- shown images of the cracks down, once it was clear that a massive internal failure was in progress. As NTSB vice chair Bruce Landsberg reflects, such a bridge-building disaster should be incomprehensible in today’s technical world. Yet too specialised: “Designers design, builders build, supervisors super- it happened. Why? As Landsberg comments, none of the responsible “vise.” He asks whether engineers are now so specialised that they have organisations had any intent for this tragic event to occur. But sadly, become detached from general engineering and are unable to question good intentions do not suffice for competence and diligence. decisions outside that specialism. This month we spoke to Tony Gee & Partners group director of With bridges, Malik suggests engineers need education in pre-col- structures Akram Malik, who has spent 20 years examining why struc- lapse behaviour, so they can know how to spot signs of distress. He tures collapse, as a tool for learning. He believes there are key lessons suggests a design process that includes a critical additional question: to be learned, the clearest concerning the role of independent check- “What are the ways in which this structure could fail?” But where else ers – of designs and on site – a role that is increasingly marginalised in do engineers need such fundamental knowledge? the era of design and build and self-certification. These are issues that should be vexing designers, contractors and Clients however, are reluctant to confront this issue, preferring clients across the world. This was not a collapse that can be swept un- to pass the risks on to contractors. It is a big issue that demands der the carpet as something that wouldn’t happen here. It was the US. attention from client groups. The designer was a firm of considerable renown; the contractor was But there is a more fundamental issue at play here – one that experienced; the bridge was designed to a US state’s Department of affects all civil engineers. The NTSB is clear that the impending Transportation rules; an independent design checker was employed; failure of the Florida bridge should have been obvious to anyone there was even an independent construction supervisor. There is little shown images of the cracks propagating in the structure in the days that differs from how a similar structure would be procured, designed before the collapse. Equally anyone involved should have been aware and delivered in the UK or in any other developed country. of the certain catastrophic nature of the failure given the bridge had no Yet it still failed. structural redundancy. l Mark Hansford is New Civil Engineer’s editor

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 3 Contents NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JANUARY 2020 MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

08 News, Comment 27 Future of & Analysis Bridges

08 The Edit: Silvertown Tunnel opponents plan court action

08 The Edit: Boris Johnson secretly briefed on spiralling HS2 costs

11 Inside Track: Pre-Grenfell pressure to relax building regs

12 Inside Track: Stonehenge tender row

13 Inside Track: Regulator in Heathrow competition clamp down

14 Inside Track: Consultant proposes HS2 to Channel Tunnel link

16 Big Interview: Maria Machancoses

18 ICE governance reform update

20 Your View: Water and stormwater

62 ICE Record As bridge engineers increasingly focus on maintenance this report looks at the work underway on the Forth Road bridge as the industry absorbs the shocking lessons from last year’s fatal Florida International University bridge collapse

28 Risks versus innovation in bridge 40 Florida International University design and maintenance bridge collapse: Engineers in the frame as damning o cial report 32 New Civil Engineer witnesses highlights a series of errors 62 Rise in CPD submissions; Coackley maintenance work on the Forth represents UK in gobal engineering Road Bridge ﬁ rst hand body; ICE launches global best practice hub

4 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER JANUARY 2020 For instant updates follow us: Twitter: @ncedigital LinkedIn: new civil engineer Facebook: ncedigital

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45 Innovative Live! EDITORIAL TEAM Thinking EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES Email: [email protected]

Editor Mark Hansford (020) 3953 2821 mark.hansford

Deputy Editor Alexandra Wynne (020) 3953 2822 alexandra.wynne

Associate Editor Emily Ashwell (020) 3953 2094 emily.ashwell

LISTEN: THE ENGINEERS COLLECTIVE News Editor This month we review the year with highlights from Rob Horgan 46 Tunnelling for Hinkley Point cooling (020) 3953 2087 rob.horgan systems is now underway beneath 2019 and look ahead to 2020 the Bristol Channel newcivilengineer.com/podcast Fetures Reporter Catherine Kennedy (020) 3953 2095 catherine.kennedy 50 SME Interview: Plandescil News Reporter 52 White Paper: Resolving the ﬂ ood Joshua Stein defence funding conundrum (020) 3953 2088 joshua.stein Contributor Tim Clark tim.clark

22 Graduate Awards Chief Sub Editor Andy Bolton (020) 3953 2823 | andy.bolton

BOOK NOW Designer New Civil Engineer’s Future of Airports conference is James McCarthy [email protected] back in 2020. Visit airports.newcivilengineer.com to see the speaker line up Graphic Artist Anthea Carter [email protected]

COMING SOON Technical Editor Emeritus Dave Parker NCE100 awards dave.parker https://100awards.newcivilengineer.com CUSTOMER SERVICES 22 This year’s Graduate and Apprentice Future of Rail (020) 3953 2152 of the year impress with their https://rail.newcivilengineer.com [email protected] commitment to sustainability

JANUARY 2020 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 5 Lighthouse ICE VIEWPOINT

Global infrastructure enabling programme launched

he beginning of These challenges are increasingly The report December marked the demanding fresh approaches to the launch of an exciting way in which new infrastructure focuses on T new programme to networks are designed and built, provide government alongside the requirement to apply setting out case studies decision-makers around the world new thinking to the maintenance of with access to a wide range of existing assets. that demonstrate resources and insights to enable them Examples of how governments and to improve the planning and delivery BY ART WE delivery bodies are addressing these the most successful of national infrastructure provision. MASTER challenges effectively do exist. “approaches that In a series of international events WHAT WOULD The purpose of the Enabling Better senior government officials and MASTER US Infrastructure programme is to governments are industry executives were introduced highlight these and package them up to the programme by the ICE and in one place so that best practice can taking a range of supporting partners, be shared around the world. including: law firm Pinsent Masons, The programme is split into three management consultants KPMG, key parts: a report, a resource hub United Nations Office for Project and an ongoing engagement strategy stakeholder onboarding techniques, Services, the Organisation for Economic for 2020. alongside building institutional Cooperation & Development, the The report focuses on setting out capacity and expertise. University of Oxford and the University case studies that demonstrate the The resource hub, in addition to of Sydney. most successful approaches that the areas that the report covers, Launch events took place in the UK, governments are taking to contains best practice case studies South Africa, Australia and Singapore, the planning of infrastructure from across the entire infrastructure with feedback to date overwhelmingly networks and systems. lifecycle, taking in procurement and positive and many offers to contribute This includes developing a vision project preparation, infrastructure to the ongoing development of the for the economic and wider societal delivery, operations and asset programme already received. outcomes that national infrastructure decommissioning. But what does the Enabling Better should deliver, how to undertake a It will be regularly updated in order Infrastructure programme actually do needs assessment and translating to ensure latest thinking continues to and why is it needed? this into a comprehensive delivery be showcased. The answer to the latter question strategy. A dedicated engagement strategy is set within the need to address The report also contains examples will be implemented throughout a growing number of global of the methods that are being 2020 to promote the programme mega-challenges. Urbanisation, deployed to ensure the optimum internationally and to generate new other demographic shifts such as enabling environment for the content for the resource hub. population ageing, climate change planning and eventual delivery of l For more information or to and structural alterations in many infrastructure. get involved in the programme visit economies are each driving the need These include investment tools, www.enablingbetterinfrastructure. to adapt the way infrastructure is regulatory and legal frameworks, com or email enablingbetter done. the most impactful public and [email protected]

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[email protected] Tel: +44(0)1924 379443 Fax: +44(0)1924 290289 @grasscreteworld Innovative environmental solutions www.grasscrete.com MORE NEWS HIGH SPEED 2 ACADEMICS Sign up for SECRETLY BRIEFED The Edit New Civil JOHNSON ON HS2 THE BIGGEST STORIES OF THE MONTH Engineer’s COST HIKE FROM NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM Breaking, Daily and Boris Johnson was given a private briefing by Oxford University Weekly news academics who told him that High alerts at Speed 2 (HS2) was expected to cost New Civil Engineer newcivil up to £110bn, can reveal. It is understood Johnson was engineer. told that costs would rise above the com/ current £88bn price tag at a briefing by Oxford University’s Said Business newsletters School this autumn, senior transport sources have revealed. The briefing was shortly after Johnson succeeded Theresa May as prime minister. Before the election Johnson hinted that he would rethink HS2 in an LBC interview. He said: “If you come in and there’s a project of north of £100bn probably, you have to ask yourself, […] whether it’s being sensibly spent.”

TRANSPORT KEY STAT BURIED STRUCTURES COULD UNDERMINE Silvertown Tunnel opponents £1bn BARKING RIVERSIDE Value of RAIL EXTENSION Silvertown call for judicial review following Transport for London’s (TfL’s) Barking Tunnel Riverside rail extension is “under £1bn contract award project pressure” to meet its December 2021 opening date. Discovery of “uncharted utilities” including a Thames Water TUNNELLING claiming that TfL had operated a pipe and telecoms cabling represents Opponents of the cross-Thames “flawed” and “manifestly erroneous” a “major risk to the programme”, TfL Silvertown Tunnel have vowed to procurement process. In its official board papers reveal. The 4.5km long fight the project in the courts, after defence, TfL denied the allegations extension includes the reconfiguration Transport for London (TfL) awarded that it disregarded its duties in of Network Rail’s Ripple Lane goods the £1bn contract to design, build, relation to running a fair procurement yard and construction of a new operate and maintain it. A process. The Stop Silvertown Tunnel terminus station. The £287M project spokesperson for the Stop Silvertown Coalition is opposed to the tunnel also includes construction of a Tunnel Coalition told New Civil Engineer project on environmental grounds. viaduct over the Ripple Lane yard and that the group is pushing for a judicial “We are really shocked and continuation of the viaduct for review, after the “shock” contract disappointed that during a climate another 1.5km. It was during the announcement. TfL officially awarded emergency [London mayor] Sadiq construction of the viaduct that the the contract to the Riverlinx consortium Khan, the so called ‘Clean Air Mayor’, unknown utilities were discovered. of Ferrovial subsidiary Cintra, Bam PPP thinks it is acceptable to go ahead with The papers add that “several of the PGGM, Macquarie Capital and SK E&C this polluting infrastructure project,” viaduct piers now have issues with in November. The announcement said a Stop Silvertown Tunnel these buried services and each one follows months of legal wrangling in Coalition spokesperson. A TfL has a different action plan to which losing bidder STC (comprising spokesperson said: “We will consider resolution”. Construction of one pier Hochtief, Dragados and Iridium any correspondence in relation to any requires the diversion of BT and Concesiones de Infraestructuras) challenge to the project.” Construction Virgin telecoms cables, while more submitted a Part 7 Claim to the of the tunnel is expected to be recently the discovery of a Thames Technology & Construction court completed in 2025. Water pipe has caused problems.

8 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 HIGH SPEED 2 BIDDERS SOUGHT FOR STATION

Contractors interested in the design and build contract for High Speed 2’s Birmingham Interchange are being asked for expression of interest. Project promoter HS2 Ltd has published a Prior Information Notice asking interested parties to complete a market- engagement questionnaire. The station will comprise a two-storey building with a concourse, two island platforms and a canopy.

CROSSRAIL ENERGY NCE CROSSRAIL SWANSEA TIDAL NEW CIVIL ENGINEER FINALISES EXTRA LAGOON PROMOTERS BOLSTERS ITS RANKS PAYMENTS FOR LAUNCH NEW WITH TWO NEW BECHTEL FUNDING BID REPORTERS

Crossrail Ltd is close to agreeing The project promoter behind the Two roving reporters have joined New revised payment terms with its £1.3bn Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon Civil Engineer. Catherine Kennedy delivery partner Bechtel after scheme has launched a last-ditch joins as features reporter while prolonged negotiations, New Civil funding bid to keep the project alive. Joshua Stein joins as a news reporter. Engineer can reveal. Negotiations to Developer Tidal Power wants raise Both are City University of London revise staff rates and the current £1.2M to pay for crucial planning work graduates. Kennedy specialises in incentive scheme have been ongoing to prevent its development consent long-form articles and can be reached for most of 2019. An agreement was order from expiring in mid-2020. The at [email protected]. originally due to be in place by funds will be used to pay planning Stein specialised in investigative August, but it now appears that talks consultants to complete the final journalism at university and can be Liebigwill end NCE within Revised the “nextad Dec few 2019_Layout weeks”. 1 11/5/19applications. 5:01 PM Page 1 reached at [email protected]

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JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 9 CIVILS UTILITIES POWER & FIBRE HIRE 01685 374771 0344 2511 999 0344 2511 666 0344 8244 482 Inside Track THE BIGGEST ISSUES OF THE MONTH EXPLORED

and brigade could use. “Section 20 was our safety blanket,” said Lashmar. “Ar- chitects and builders hated Section 20 as they knew we could enforce proper fire safety checks if a building were subject- ed to it.” Section 20 in the London Building Acts related to fire safety in larger buildings and those over 30m tall, and advised on measures including automatic sprinkler installations and other fire suppression systems. Section 21 focused on uniting, or refurbishing, buildings and the associated fire risk, and this was also repealed. The City of London was subsequently compelled to issue its own guidance to provisions in the repealed sections that were omitted in what replaced them. Sections 20 and 21 would have applied to the 67m tall Grenfell Tower during its refurbishment had the standards remained intact at the time. STRUCTURES But the 2012 consultation responses now reveal that Carillion was among Grenfell blaze followed push to relax building regs those suggesting the measures were Documents unveiled by New Civil Engineer show that industry unnecessary. The contractor, which bodies urged ministers to soften fire safety regulations in 2012 collapsed in 2018, said the acts were “pointless” and an “unnecessarily burdensome on businesses”. It also warned BY TIM CLARK that the local acts “favoured” public building control bodies over private building control. inisters repealed local laws Building control consultants, materi- “Carillion strongly supports repeal of to relax fire safety regulations als manufacturers and special interest the local acts relating to fire protection, following vocal opposition to groups were also among 76 respondents excepting for fire services access,” it Mstringent controls by the building indus- to the 2012 consultation on changes to said. “We concur with the assessment try in 2012. This meant that consultants the Building Regulations in England by that the local acts are unnecessarily and contractors were able to work to MHCLG predecessor the Department burdensome on businesses, that they less stringent fire regulations when they for Communities and Local Government undermine the purpose of a coherent refurbished the Grenfell tower in west (DCLG). The government launched the national set of building standards, and London in 2015. review with the intention of resolving though there is some evidence that the In 2017 the residential tower was inconsistencies in local fire protection acts help to limit losses arising from fire, engulfed in a major fire, which killed standards that were incorporated into they have had no beneficial effect on life 72 people, after flames spread up the local acts. Local authorities and fire safety.” structure through external cladding. services relied upon them to enforce fire The National Home Building Council The fire has prompted questions about or building safety in their region. Ultimate- (NHBC), which acts as a warranty and the adequacy of building regulations ly, in January 2013, DCLG repealed these insurance provider for new homes, also and consideration is now being given to local standards but incorporated some supported repealing the acts to save the introduction of new standards and stipulations into Part B of the Building costs. checks to avoid a repeat of the disaster. Regulations (Fire Safety). In its consultation response the body Documents obtained by New Civil The move was highly controversial. said: “The NHBC supports the removal Engineer under a Freedom of Informa- Former London Fire Bridge safety officer of the local acts and would support the tion request to the Ministry of Housing, Stephen Lashmar told New Civil Engineer early introduction of this measure which Communities and Local Government last July that the removal of the London could contribute additional savings to (MHCLG) reveal that the now defunct specific standard, known as Section 20, industry.” contractor Carillion was among those was a mistake. He said it was a “blow” to The Chartered Institute of Building urging ministers to relax “burdensome” fire safety standards and said it removed threw its weight behind the changes too and costly regulations. the “final card” that a district surveyor but urged the government to incorporate

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 11 Inside Track Xxxxx xxxx xxxxx

“key parts” of the regulations into na- ROADS tional laws. In its consultation response it stated: “We support the removal of Stonehenge tender row fire protection provisions in local acts, but [DCLG] needs to ensure key parts of this are put into National Building Contractors rail against single Regulations and lead to harmonisation of fire protection provisions. Fire-fighter stage bid for £1.25bn tunnel safety should also be taken into consideration.” BY MARK HANSFORD The consultation documents also reveal that the government ignored ighways England is standing firm specific warnings from fire engineers on its decision to procure the that repealing local acts could pose a £1.25bn Stonehenge tunnel as a danger to life. Instead it based its deci- Hsingle-stage tender, despite all UK tier 1 sion on findings from a report by build- contractors refusing to bid the job. ing research body BRE that concluded The roads body has opted to go for a “local acts did not provide for additional single-stage tender – where design and life safety”. build contractors must submit and then The Institution of Fire Engineers said: stick to their price for the job before any “We believe that the repeal of these competitive dialogue process begins, requirements should be undertaken and before final designs and construc- with great care and be based on more tion methods are agreed. The decision information than is presented in the BRE follows that of High Speed 2 promoter report.” HS2 Ltd, which awarded preferred Another consultation respondent the bidder status based on prices submitted National Fire Sprinkler Network (NFSN), over two years ago. warned that abolishing the local acts Since then, bidders have pushed up would be a “regressive move” that would prices, and cost forecasts for the project have a “negative impact on life, busi- have escalated to the extent that no ness, property, community and environ- construction contracts have been signed risky, especially given the nature of the mental protection”. The British Sprinkler and the project is in severe doubt. Stonehenge job with its shallow tunnel, Alliance wrote to ask the government to Highways England is understood to complex geology, hugely sensitive stake- postpone its decision to the repeal of be happy with its stance given that it holders and potential for public unrest the acts until “the government under- has three bids from multi-national joint when work begins. takes the anticipated review of [nation- ventures (JVs) with impressive records Most have expressed their concerns al] Building Regulations”. in tunnelling projects across Europe and to Highways England, and bidders who Commenting on the consultation worldwide. have spoken to New Civil Engineer have responses, fire safety expert and adviser New Civil Engineer can confirm that expressed dismay at how their concerns to the all party parliamentary fire safety bidding for the Stonehenge job are: have been handled. and rescue group Ronnie King said: “The l Bouygues/Murphy JV, supported by Highways England stands by its consultation seems to confirm my opin- designers Arup and Cowi; approach and is understood to be ion that finally removing the Local Acts l A Dragados/Hochtief JV supported by planning to adopt it for the larger Lower was a fait accompli for government. designer Atkins; Thames Crossing project. “The few responses to the 2012 con- l An FCC/Seleni JV including British The search for a contractor to build the sultation from fire experts at the time tier two contractors Roadbridge and Stonehenge road tunnel was launched suggests that most, like myself, felt that Osborne. in June. it was a ‘given’ that regulations would Bouygues/Murphy and Dragados/ The 3.3km long, twin-bore tunnel is be effectively watered down to help the Hochtief can boast recent UK tunnelling part of the plan to upgrade 13km of the construction industry. The consultation successes. Murphy and Hochtief were A303 Amesbury to Berwick Down road, documents appear to demonstrate that part of the Crossrail Thames tunnel which runs through the Stonehenge site. arguably this is what happened.” team. Dragados is currently delivering The scheme has been mired in contro- The documents about the consultation Bank Station upgrade for London Under- versy with environmental and heritage exercise were released by the Ministry ground and Bouygues is part of the Align groups objecting to tunnel portals inside for Housing, Communities & Local Gov- JV signed up to deliver the Chilterns the World Heritage Site. ernment (MHCLG) after it had initially section of High Speed 2. The scheme was due to be privately-fi- refused to do so on the grounds that the The FCC/Seleni JV has limited UK nanced, but will now be publicly funded request was “vexatious”. The ministry was experience but has a strong track record after the government axed the PFI financ- forced to do so after an intervention by in Europe. ing model in the Autumn 2018 Budget. the Information Commissioner’s Office. UK tier 1 contractors have refused to The three Stonehenge tunnel bidders The MHCLG has been contacted for bid or pulled out of bidding, believing are now entering a competitive dia- comment. the single stage approach to be too logue process which will give a period

12 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 MORE NEWS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM

AIRPORTS CAA’s powers to introduce this type Stonehenge tunnel: of competition. This would cut costs, single stage tender Heathrow clampdown diversify funding and ensure develop- ments are completed on time, leading to a win-win for customers.” Airport operator’s dominance HAL has repeatedly defended its under threat from regulator ability to deliver expansion efficiently. A HAL spokesperson said: “Heathrow is extremely efficient and viewed as a BY ROB HORGAN benchmark for major infrastructure projects. The current level of scrutiny and he Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) transparency around capital investment has hired an independent assessor at Heathrow is already unmatched at any to advise on a possible break-up airport globally.” Tof Heathrow Airport Limited’s (HAL) New Civil Engineer understands that monopoly position at the London hub Flint Global will submit a detailed report airport. to the CAA in spring 2020, before HAL Flint Global has been drafted in and Heathrow West submit their final to determine whether Heathrow’s ter- expansion plans. minals could be operated by different A CAA spokesperson added: “The companies. CAA commissions technical advice on Flint will outline how separate termi- a range of issues as part of our role in nal operators could work together fol- considering the regulatory framework lowing the airport’s planned expansion, for Heathrow airport. sources have revealed. “This includes a short initial study The government’s 2018 Airports Na- looking at different forms of third party tional Policy Statement allows for more involvement in designing, building than one party to be responsible for and potentially operating a terminal at promoting the development required to Heathrow airport, and what the impli- deliver expansion at Heathrow Airport. cations for our regulatory framework of design development and dialogue Heathrow West – backed by the Arora might be.” during the tender phase when solu- Group – is one of the expansion pro- The independent assessment is the tions are developed and tested for gramme bidders. It has called for the latest move by the CAA to ensure that compliance with development consent introduction of separate terminal opera- “Heathrow expansion is delivered in a order requirements prior to awarding a tors to increase efficiency at the airport. way that is affordable, financeable and, contract. Critically there is no option to Heathrow West has previously raised critically, in the interest of consumers”. adjust prices at the end of the process. concerns about HAL’s airport terminal The CAA has also revealed that HAL Highways England says the approach monopoly and about the fact that expan- will be fined if its expansion costs rise will allow for greater flexibility with the sion could extend this. above what it has agreed. It comes after appointed team able to “hit the ground HAL and Heathrow West have both it emerged that in July, pre-construction running” once the contract is awarded, carried out consultation exercises as costs in relation to HAL’s planning appli- which is expected to be in early 2021. part of their development consent cation had risen to £2.9bn. Works for the contractor will include order applications to the Planning Heathrow West chief executive Carlton design and construction of civil, Inspectorate. They are both expected Brown said: “This is a step in the right mechanical, electrical and plumbing to submit their final expansion plans in direction by the CAA which recognises (MEP), technology and environmental summer 2020. that HAL is inefficient and that they can- components. In its consultation document, Heath- not be trusted to manage costs which Subject to approval, construction is row West explains: “Having more than are already increasingly out of control. due to start in 2021 and be completed one operator of the terminals at Heath- “This is precisely the reason why in 2026. row Airport will enable competition and competition is urgently required for choice, providing the opportunity for expansion at Heathrow – Heathrow West better terminals and a higher quality of is a viable and credible alternative to service for airlines and passengers.” HAL’s own plans which should be given A number of airlines, including British equal hearing.” Airways parent company, IAG, have also HAL is expected to submit its final previously demanded that terminals at development consent order application £1.25bn Heathrow are divided up between rival in June 2020, with Heathrow West to Value of Stonehenge owners to “spur competition on airport follow three months later. A decision on tunnel contract charges and the passenger experience”. whether to grant planning permission IAG chief executive Willie Walsh said: is then expected to be taken by the “Heathrow’s had it too good for too long transport secretary by the end of 2021 at and the government must confirm the the earliest.

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 13 Inside Track

OTB Engineering director Darren Page says the 30km of tunnelling is not as challenging as it once was. “What we’re doing is proven, the risks in tunnelling continue to reduce and costs have stayed static for some time,” he said. “There are also economies of scale. Long distance tunnelling is proven. Crossrail has relied on it, so has Tideway. “Tunnelling 5, 6, 7, 8km, we don’t think about it now [from an engineering point of view] as it’s mechanised. In terms of scale it [CCC] is not dissimilar to HS1 . “The geology of London varies a lot and at Waterloo [on the South Bank] we have 40m of London clay. Tunnelling con- High Speed 2: Is a link ditions are favourable, so is the ability through south London to to take spoil out by river. A station at up the Channel Tunnel viable? to 40m deep is similar to Westminster, which is approximately 35m.” Bostock said that there is huge private sector appetite to invest in the project: HIGH SPEED 2 “The point is that we believe we can get this financed entirely by the private sec- Consultant puts forward Old Oak Common tor and recoup the costs through development, he says. “Achieving connectivity to Channel Tunnel link for High Speed 2 is absolutely key.” The plans by BuroHappold, Bostock BuroHappold plan to link high speed line to Europe and OTB have been presented to the government’s independent Oakervee Review of HS2. They also appear to have BY TIM CLARK the tacit support of Oakervee review panel member and West Midlands mayor onsultant BuroHappold has un- that the project would cost a similar Andy Street who, writing in The Times, veiled alternative plans for High amount to the current Old Oak Common said: “Let’s take the opportunity to revisit Speed 2’s London section which to Euston plan, but would deliver benefits some of the most visionary parts of the Cwould ditch the “flawed” Euston terminus that might just put HS2’s own business project. We should reinstate plans to link in favour of new stops near Waterloo and case back on track. HS2 to Eurostar so we can run direct trains Canary Wharf. It would also include a con- He explains: “We saw that Euston was from Manchester and Birmingham to Paris, nection with High Speed 1 (HS1) in Kent. set to cost between £5bn and £7bn so we Brussels and beyond. In a world where we The vision is one that was once the came up with different solutions with im- are all more aware of our carbon footprint, raison d’être for the new £88bn High proved benefits. We did a six month piece train beats plane hands down.” Speed 2 (HS2) – creating a continuous link of work and came up with CCC. A core feature of the review is ensur- between the North, London and Europe. “Through running stations are much ing the project retains public value for Over the years, ambitions for the Conti- more efficient and effective. [We asked] is money. Euston, which has been mired in nental connection dwindled in the face of it possible to connect to HS1? One of the difficulties since it was chosen to be the costs and pragmatism. But BuroHappold, original ambitions of HS2 [was to connect HS2 terminus, is facing cost rises. aims to revive the idea. with it]. It is very difficult to do this on At £10bn, with contributions from the The plan involves boring a 30km twin the north of the river [Thames] because private sector, the CCC could emerge as a bore tunnel, dubbed Cross City Connect of all the underground obstructions, so cheaper option. (CCC) under London from Old Oak Com- we looked south of the river.” Bostock adds: “People won’t come and mon in the west to Rainham in the east. BuroHappold has teamed up with publicly back it until they see the govern- The tunnel would also include stations on consultant OTB Engineering, which has ment is interested in backing it. The costs the South Bank and potentially at Canary undertaken initial feasibility work on the are £10bn, and it can be paid through Wharf. The scheme has been costed at tunnelling and station alignment for the private finance. I am keen to keep it just under £10bn. new plans. It is also working with private under £10bn. If you look at Canary Wharf, If adopted the plans would also relieve banking business Salamanca Group and [the developer] built its station on time HS2 of one of the project’s biggest head- veteran rail consultant Mark Bostock, who on budget. “We have a lot of support from aches – the Euston station terminus. helped Arup come up with the route for the business community but we need to BuroHappold partner and cities direc- High Speed 1 (HS1) from Channel Tunnel to know if the government would give the tor Andrew Comer told New Civil Engineer St Pancras International. green light to look into this.”

14 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 AVAILABLE! Hepworth Clay NOW Product, Design & Installation Guide

For designers and specifi ers, our new Clay Drainage Guide is a must-have! Ensure you’re one of the fi rst Download your new to get your hands on one: guide now or request • Comprehensive design section, including Hydraulic and Structural info – updated with all the latest a printed copy. industry references guide.hepworthclay.co.uk • First look at the upcoming BS 9295 standard – containing recycled aggregates for bedding clay pipes • Product details – including dimensional information • Installation – comprehensive guidance covering a range of situations such as laying pipe in diffi cult ground conditions • Specifi cation examples Maria Machancoses BY EMILY ASHWELL Developing a regional transport strategy for the Midlands

aria Machancoses is punched below its weight in terms not a construction cli- of transport performance and ent, but she is none- productivity, but part of the prob- M theless contacted lem, says Machancoses, was that by civil engineering there were too many small voices companies on an almost daily basis. going to ministers and these were She is the director of Midlands failing to produce evidence on a Connect, the sub-national transport scale that would make the govern-

The Interview The body set up to co-ordinate regional ment listen. transport policy in the Midlands in “For far too long, decisions have a national context and promote it to been short sighted. There’s a stop central government. and go approach to investment, we She says the firms that contact think it’s coming, it gets paused, it her, are looking for project pipeline gets delayed. So the other angle of certainty – the key element to know- Midlands Connect is to make sure ing when to invest, where to invest we want to make sure that the that there’s as much certainty as and building a pipeline of staff and Midlands is at the heart of that possible for the pipeline so we can skills. thinking, therefore Midlands Connect plan much better for the future,” “Every week Midlands Connect has been set up to make sure that she says. gives updates to ICE members we provide that one voice, that Midlands Connect is also in some shape or form, because clear understanding of what we approaching its evidence and they’re all crying out for certainty need from our national network business case building in a different in pipeline, so they can plan for and that is backed up by robust way, hoping this will accelerate investment for skills in construc- evidence,” says Machancoses. decision making and investment. tion,” she says. For decades the region has It is working with government The Valencia-born lawyer, who bodies such as Network Rail and came to the UK to study at Cardiff Highways England to build these busi- University, now heads up Midlands ness cases, so that infrastructure Connect. projects are not delayed because As well as being designed to they have to be ratified by a govern- boost productivity, these projects There’s a stop ment department or body. are designed to bring economic and go approach “We want to accelerate devel- and social benefits. This is done by opment and make sure that as we bringing together leaders from the to investment, we progress the technical activity, both public and private sectors jointly government and Network Rail are building evidence-based cases for think it’s coming, it comfortable and supportive of our investment. work,” she says. “When the government makes gets paused, it gets Its flagship project is the Mid- national investment decisions, “delayed lands Rail Hub, which is a £2bn

16 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 Birmingham New Street station needs more capacity to cope with passenger growth package of improvements to trans- Anybody who incoming government know that she form east-west rail connections, wants to see the high-speed rail plan which it would like to see built in KEY FACTS is moving from implemented in full through all the stages up until 2033. phases. The aim is to build better rail 24% the north to the south, “All our programmes are under- links between Leicester, Nottingham, pinned by the arrival of HS2. We Coventry, Derby, Hereford and Increase in from Wales, has to will of course have to have a plan Worcester – people will also have eas- Birmingham B eventually if it doesn’t take place, ier connections to Wales, the South use the infrastructure but people need to understand West and High Speed 2 resulting in New Street “ that the Midlands has already been 6M more rail journeys per year. In passenger sitting in the Midlands planning for HS2 for 10 years, so why addition, it says the hub could switch numbers would you want to give up all that 4,320 lorry loads worth of goods from planning and integration, when the road to rail by creating 36 new freight since 2016 moving from the North to the South, review is just a review and things train paths. It will also create 24 ad- from Wales, has to use the infrastruc- could still happen,” says Machancoses. ditional regional passenger services ture sitting in the Midlands,” says Alongside rail, roads is the other every hour. Midlands Connect hopes £900M- Machancoses. area on which Midlands Connect is the hub will become part of the gov- £950M The proposed solution includes focusing. ernment’s major projects portfolio. A Cost of construction of the Bordesley Chords, It is calling on Highways England strategic outline business case was two new viaducts to take services to complete the outstanding schemes submitted to the government in June upgrading from the South West and East Mid- in its RIS1 investment programme 2019 and Midlands Connect is now Birmingham lands into Moor Street station. This as soon as possible. These include seeking £25M of funding for the next involves opening up extra platforms Smart Motorway M1 Junction 19 to development stage. Moor Street to provide extra fast services on 23a upgrade, which will create a con- Vital to increasing capacity in the station those corridors, and linking to High tinuous smart motorway from London Midlands is work to untangle Birming- Speed 2 (HS2) at Curzon Street at an to Yorkshire. They also include the ham New Street station. Although the estimated cost of £900M to £950M. Birmingham Box Smart Motorway station underwent a £550M redevel- £2bn “The rail hub’s purpose is to start Phase 4, which would complete the opment a few years ago, this did not Cost of investing and diverting some of the smart motorway network throughout include adding extra capacity. But the services of New Street into Moor the Birmingham Box – M5, M6, M42. station is the busiest outside London, Midlands Street, and to small hubs,” says Alongside the smart motorway sitting in the middle of many UK Rail Hub Machancoses. programme, it is pushing for projects routes. Passenger numbers have gone Midlands Connect is a big support- including upgrades to the A46 corri- up 24% in the last three years. er of HS2, believing it will free up fur- dor within the next five years. “Most national infrastructure is ther regional rail capacity and boost Looking ahead, there will be further planned for and designed to allow the region’s economic growth. focus on freight and how the region’s for north-south movement. On top At the time of going to press, exports can be boosted, with Mid- of that, the Midlands is at the very election campaigning was in full swing lands Connect’s new strategy being heart of the network. Anybody who is and Machancoses was keen to let any developed next year.

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 17 Report: ICE Governance

Commission recommends changes to Trustee elections

Mark Hansford that they do not lose their title. The Commission has also recom- KEY STATS mended the key principle that all trustees should have equal levels he Presidential of responsibility with each trustee 12 Commission set up to leading on a portfolio. review the gover- Number of The Commission looked at the T nance of the ICE has Trustee Board top-level governance structure from endorsed the new members first principles,” explains Orr. “We structure that comprises a compact support the move to a Trustee Board Trustee Board with a larger, mainly of 12 members with a larger, mainly 3 advisory, Council. advisory Council. But the balance on But the Commission, headed Current the Trustee Board was wrong – with by past-president David Orr, has Number of nine out of 12 trustees nominated, recommended that the ICE review Trustee Board and eight of them on the Presidential the balance of the 12-strong Trustee members Team. Board and the method of appointing “We’ve addressed that by elected by ICE its members. recommending that a majority of the Orr’s report, which is published Council trustees are elected – four by the in full in three volumes on the ICE voting membership and three by the website, recommends that a majority Council, who themselves have been of Trustee Board members should elected by the members.” be elected by the ICE voting mem- These recommendations are to stand. But the Commission’s final bership. Orr’s Commission proposes as proposed in an interim report, report has now recommended elect- that four Trustees are elected by the published in the autumn. The interim ing from a focused candidate list of membership and three are elected report also suggested three options ICE members who meet the required by Council from within its 38-strong for how trustees should be elected. profile for the vacant trustee position. cohort which is itself elected by the These options had included an open Similar rules would apply for the elec- membership. Remaining Trustee election with all ICE members eligible tion of the three Council members. board members would comprise the “One of the key responsibilities of President, three vice presidents and a trustee board is that it must make one further member nominated by a sure it has the right skills, experience Nomination Committee. and diversity of thought,” explains To achieve this balance, Orr’s Orr’s Orr. “You cannot uphold that if you Commission recommends reducing have open elections.” the number of serving vice presidents commission Orr says the majority of responses from the current seven to three – all to the Commission’s call for evidence of whom would be succeeding vice proposes that four as part of the governance review sup- presidents. Transition arrangements Trustees are elected by ported this option and his final report would be put in place for current emphasises that the Trustee Board non-succeeding vice presidents so “the membership must have a relatively light touch in 18 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 include the important role of engag- The Trustee ing with the ICE membership in the UK regions and international areas. KEY STATS Board has Other recommendations are designed to address perceived lack 7 confirmed that of transparency of Trustee Board functions and failings in the process Recommended it accepts the concerning special general meet- number of ings – issues that arose during the Trustee Board recommendations and implementation of the governance members to “ will implement them changes in 2018. be elected Orr says that the Commission has been mindful of the need for the by the ICE in 2020 Commission itself to be transparent membership or and consultant widely. Council “During our work, the Commis- dations at its December meeting and sion tried hard to communicate and advocated that the Trustee Board consult widely within the ICE family. adopt the recommendations. We are extremely grateful to the The Trustee Board has agreed many members who gave evidence that it will implement the recommen- and responded so constructively to dations and will report to members our consultations,” he says. “The early in 2020 on how it intends to Commission hopes that our review do this. and recommendations will help to Commenting, ICE President Paul resolve the differences that arose in Sheffield said: “ICE’s Council has care- 2018, and will allow the Institution to fully considered the findings in the move on and concentrate on its first Final Report and endorsed them. priority – to foster and promote the It has recommended to Trustee art and science of civil engineering.” Board that it takes steps to consider ICE Council considered the final how best to enact them. I am pleased report in December and will now to say that the Trustee Board has advise the Trustee board on its confirmed that it accepts the recom- views. The Commission’s final mendations and will implement them recommendation is that the Trustee in 2020. Board communicates clearly with “I would like to take the opportu- Council and the membership any nity to thank the Commission’s chair changes it proposes before formally David Orr and the rest of its members initiating them, whether through for the hard work that they have changes to the By-Laws or otherwise. put in to ensuring that the views of Former ICE President, Paul Jowitt our members across the world were – one of those who called the SGM heard. the nomination process, setting the which led to the Governance Review “I would also like to thank those required profile for skills, knowledge, – welcomed the Commission’s members who submitted their views experience and diversity at a relative- recommendations, in particular to the Commission. It is evident that ly high level and playing no further the recommendation that the ICE’s ICE has a passionate membership part in the election process. Governance should be returned that cares immensely about the The Commission makes 20 recom- to the democratic control of the Institution. It is really important to mendations in all, many of which go membership. me that we have had such compre- broader than the composition of the Jowitt cites one member’s sub- hensive support for this Final Report Trustee Board. mission to the Commission which and we shall implement the findings The Commission recommends that simply said: “The Institution is the speedily”. the Learning Society Committee and membership”. Jowitt notes that The Trustee Board and Council will its panels should report directly to many respondents said that the communicate regularly through the Council so that Council can be prop- ICE was failing to engage with the Presidential Commission page on the erly reshaped as the pinnacle of the membership at large and that the ICE website to inform members of any Institution’s learning society remit. must address this, adding that the it governance changes it proposes to A further broad recommendation was vital that the proposals be put to make to ensure the fullest possible is that the President’s Terms of Refer- the membership. transparency. Members will also be ence should be revised to specify ICE Council members approved updated on a regular basis across ICE’s a greater time commitment, and to all of the Commission’s recommen- usual communication channels. N

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 19 As engineers, we love a big expensive technical solution. The idea of “investing” thousands of tonnes of embodied carbon (not to mention £88bn) in schemes like High Speed 2, to hopefully change transport habits and bring down Your View future operational carbon, might be considered a prime example. We LETTERS TO THE EDITOR seem to forget that the larger and AND COMMENTS ONLINE more complex the scheme, the more unexpected outcomes there are and the harder they are to predict. Perhaps reading EF Schumacher’s STRUCTURES all available information in order to seminal book Small is Beautiful, first fully understand the deterioration published in 1973 during the first INSPECTION REGIMES mechanisms. oil crisis, should be compulsory ARE TOO LAX @ Procurement methods often result reading for today’s engineers. It is all in certain elements of structures too easy to lose sight of the “tree” Acoustic monitoring is an extremely not being inspected due to the when viewing the “wood”. useful tool, but to say that it saved costs of accessing them. Clients Andy Moss (M) Hammersmith flyover from collapse need to think carefully about their [email protected] (News online) is not entirely procurement methods to ensure accurate. Acoustic monitoring that bridges are fully inspected STRUCTURES forms part of the armoury available by appropriately qualified and to engineers along with concrete experienced engineers and then to AN UNDERESTIMATED investigation/testing, inspection and ensure critical maintenance works CAUSE OF DAM FAILURE? post tensioned special inspections are carried out in a timely manner. (PTSI). The information that it Unless changes are made to the provides forms just part of the way that inspections, investigations picture and it is only when sufficient and maintenance works are carried parts of the jigsaw have been slotted out then bridge collapses similar to into place that the deterioration those that have recently occurred mechanisms can be understood and in Italy and Taiwan will remain a real acted on. reality in this country. Previous PTSI’s had been Howard Roper (M), carried out in 1997, 2001 and [email protected] 2009. They identified most areas of deterioration apart from INFRASTRUCTURE deterioration to the tendons in the bottom slab of the box girders BIG ENGINEERING IS where they emerged from the ducts NOT ALWAYS THE BEST into box outs adjacent to the lower Whaley Dam: Was silation a factor? deviators. The acoustic monitoring was extremely useful in identifying I was interested to note Ken Bowan’s While it is unclear what triggered wire breaks at these locations, but letter regarding the water wasted in the partial failure of Whaley Dam, the fact that there was standing waiting for his kitchen tap to run hot unusually high rainfall may only be water from the leaking drainage (Your View, last month). My mum a partial contributor. If the dam was system in some spans of the box solved this problem about 30 years heavily silted and no dredging was girders should have raised concerns ago, by using this water to fill a four ever done as in this case for 188 far earlier. These locations would pint plastic milk container. She uses years, the capacity to route inflows have been included in the technical this to wash vegetables and water would have been vastly reduced and plan and investigated as part of the house plants. the resulting outflow at even lower PTSI, irrespective of the acoustic On a larger scale, I have friends return flows could have resulted in monitoring information. who installed an expensive the spill. We can only wait till the The earlier PTSI reports only rainwater system for flushing toilets investigation reports are available. provided factual information with no The Editor, and have had nothing but trouble But, as the auxiliary spillway was attempt to understand or explain the New Civil with it ever since. Fifteen years ago, installed in 1969, I am presuming deterioration mechanisms, whereas I moved into a house with a disused it would have been designed for Engineer, the 2011 PTSI report provided 1,500 litre plastic oil tank. After a 100 year return. Indications are Telephone explanations. The evidence pointed flushing it through onto my grass that this flood was of less than a to a number of causes including House, a few times, I now use it to collect 100 year return period. This failure design/detailing deficiencies, poor 69-77 Paul rainwater from the roof for watering appears to be the result of domino construction techniques and lack of Street, London, my greenhouse and flushing the effects – siltation resulting in more maintenance over the lifespan of the EC2A 4NQ downstairs toilet: one bucket at a likely overtopping, followed by structure. Engineers need to make Email: nceedit@ time. To date, I have had precisely other hydraulic, structural and sure that they look at and consider emap.com no technical problems. geotechnical shortcomings.

20 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 MAIN POINT WATER AND YOURSTORMWATER VIEWS AND OPINIONS WORRIES

I worked on the Foresight Future Flooding study at the importantly, do they take account of the often-ignored fact that start of the millennium, advised Sir Michael Pitt and have water supply is non-consumptive? It almost all returns to the produced numerous reports and guidance documents about environment, either as leakage or as treated effluent. It is the surface water flood risks. Nothing has significantly changed in net effect of abstraction and return that matters, and there is a politicians’ approach and behaviour to flooding since. We need gulf between the effects of groundwater-based and reservoir- to make it clear that we cannot afford to protect all the people based supplies: groundwater-based supply is intrinsically all of the time. We can at least stop more building damaging. Abstraction can dry up water features such on flood plains, which at 10% a year currently is as wetlands and wells in the surrounding area. Plus, scandalous. crucially, it reduces the whole flow regime of the Please can New Civil Engineer at least get “key river, including its lowest flows. Hence the chalk- facts” correct. There are not only 3M properties stream problems of southern England. In these in England at risk of surface water flooding New( circumstances there is environmental merit Civil Engineer last month). It rains everywhere in reducing water use – though switching to in England. Hence every property is at risk of reservoir-based supply would be even better. flooding. Most property drainage is designed for Reservoir-based supply is intrinsically benign. a 30-year return period event, with possibly some There is no equivalent to the wetlands and wells climate change allowance for newer properties. problem, and abstractions can be taken solely from To mislead, as this “key fact” does, is unprofessional higher flows, minimising their impact. The net effect is and follows a lead set by the Environment Agency. The to move winter water into summer, resulting in increased consequences are that many people think they are safe. low flows. Even coastal returns are ready-made sources, Numerous times I have been told “I live on a hill”, so am safe. reclaimable if needed. And wherever abstraction is at tidal This is an illusion. All drainage systems will fail under the most limit, its impact on freshwater flows is zero, making the returns extreme events, or where maintenance is poor. As a profession 100% beneficial. This is the case for most of London’s water we need to be more honest about this and other societal risks. supply and two-thirds of Anglia’s. Richard Ashley, emeritus professor of urban water, Department Summer desiccation is one of our greatest climate threats of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield (to farming and to the environment much more than to water [email protected] supply). Returning flows from reservoir-based water supply are among the few mitigating factors. They should count Your November issue highlights the National Infrastructure heavily in favour of reservoir construction, as against reducing Commission’s view that future water supply security should be leakage or water use. met one third by reducing use, one third by reducing leakage So make that at least two-thirds reservoirs, not one-third, and one third by increasing supply (primarily by building and reap all the benefits? reservoirs). David Evans OBE (M), Formerly water resource planning Are these proportions as arbitrary as they look? More manager, NRA Anglia [email protected]

There is little interest in the also into their inspections and Bam Nuttall’s 2018 Woolwich Ferry siltation effects of reservoirs as evaluations, more earth dams may upgrade project was not one of contributory to dam/spillway fall through the cracks. them. The equivalent of 80 tropical failures. The focus is on, say, Siv Ananda [email protected] Greenheart trees were reclaimed overtopping as a cause for some from their watery fixings and given 35% of earth dam failures. What is a new life as part of the ambitious the primary driving force? What SUSTAINABILITY Kite Park Playground, designed by is the contribution of siltation in TIMBER RECLAMATION Adventure Playground Engineers all of this? Especially since the for Berkeley Homes. There is a long global warming debate is going on, OPPORTUNITIES HAVE way to go before the construction opinions are focused on unusually BEEN MISSED industry recognises the true high rainfall and ignoring the vastly potential of reclamation and reuse, reduced live storage resulting It never fails to amaze me how but projects like this show that from much higher than forecast much reclaimable timber still slips change is happening. sedimentation rates or the lack of through the net – and how many Janine Davies-Tutt, managing determining recent bed contours construction projects fail to comply director, Ashwells Reclaimed through bathymetry. Unless dam with the European Union Waste Timber, Wick Place safety programmes factor this Framework Directive. Thankfully, Farm, Upminster, Essex, RM14 3TL

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 21 Graduate and Apprentice of the Year Awards

LEADING THE FIELD THE INDUSTRY’S FUTURE STARS HAVE BEEN RECOGNISED AT NEW CIVIL ENGINEER’S GRADUATE AND APPRENTICE AWARDS 2019 BY EMILY ASHWELL

22 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 WATCH WINNERS’ VIDEOS AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/LIVE

hen 16-year-old emergency and vowed to undertake WINNER climate activist a series of measures to help mitigate GRADUATE OF THE YEAR KEY FACTS Greta Thunberg global warming, New Civil Engineer JAMES FEATHERSTONE addressed the asked entrants to the Graduate and United Nations 98 Apprentice of the Year competition Employer: Network Rail Climate Action to set out their vision for how the Degree: University of Sheffield MEng Summit in New York in September, Number industry can and should take a Civil Engineering (1st class) July 2017 Wher powerful words made world of entries leadership role on tackling the climate leaders sit up and listen. challenge through a short essay Featherstone (pictured above) “You have stolen my dreams and received question. impressed the judges with his my childhood with your empty New Civil Engineer editor Mark commitment to driving forward words,” she said. “And yet I’m one of 55 Hansford said: “It is up to all sustainability as well as the technical the lucky ones. People are suffering. engineers, whether just graduated work he undertook as part of his People are dying. Entire ecosystems Companies or looking to retirement, to act on degree at the University of Sheffield. are collapsing. We are in the represented global warming now. The answers He was tasked by Network Rail’s beginning of a mass extinction, and all from our graduate and apprentice Infrastructure Projects Executive you can talk about is money and fairy in the entries award entrants showed that the Board with conducting a study of tales of eternal economic growth. next generation of engineers has the sustainable development. He found How dare you.” intellectual foresight and technical that in most of the examples of In the year when many engineers, skills to deliver the sustainable sustainability ‘best practice’ the architects and construction solutions the world desperately decisions had been made for other companies have declared a climate needs.” reasons, such as cost or weight. A project’s sustainability tended to depend on individuals rather than GRADUATE FINALISTS processes or shared best practice. From this Featherstone pitched easy and big wins to the board, and many of these have since been taken on. CAMERON HUGHES, REBECCA STUBBS, skewed bridges, improving He has also been given ARUP MOTT MACDONALD accuracy in the design of responsibility for creating a new Cameron Hughes has worked as Rebecca Stubbs is a technical complex elements such as the platform sustainability strategy and a graduate geotechnical engineer advisor with Mott MacDonald. interface between earthworks that has created a tool which takes at Arup, after graduating from She graduated from the and structures. His employer a holistic look at factors such as the University of Bath with a first University of Bristol with a describes him as proactive, material properties and whole life class degree in civil engineering civil engineering degree in July insightful and creative. carbon. in July 2018. He is currently 2017. She impressed judges Featherstone runs a successful working on the Lake Lothing with her thoughtful views on TIM HOU, Safe by Design Young Engineers Third Crossing in Lowestoft and what the industry must do MOTT MACDONALD Forum which drives collaboration has developed an interest in the to limit carbon use. Her boss Tim Hou has been working as a in the industry and has also worked circular economy and organises said: “She is passionate about graduate civil engineer for Mott with senior management to change twice-weekly lunchtime talks that big-picture ideas that our MacDonald for two years, after Network Rail’s approach to the issue. are broadcast across Arup offices industry is grappling with, graduating with a first class On tackling climate change, globally. primarily sustainability, also degree in civil engineering from Featherstone said: “As always, finance social responsibility and best the University of Surrey in July is key – working in an industry which MARGARITA MURILLO practice. She has a strong 2017. Described by his manager is primarily funded by tax-payers I BENITEZ, RAMBOLL technical background and as “focused and determined”, have had the opportunity to see this Margarita Murillo Benitez builds on it to provide pure Hou impressed judges with his first-hand. graduated from the University ‘consultancy’ which is holistic call to action on climate change, “If the ‘business case’ doesn’t stand of Southampton with an MEng in and considered.” saying that industry bodies and up, it is near impossible to drive civil engineering and architecture the government must “not let innovation or positive movement in June 2017. She currently works JONATHAN WOOD, businesses sacrifice sustainable towards sustainable solutions. as an engineer at Ramboll, most ARCADIS behaviour for a more profitable Incentivising and rewarding projects recently with the sustainability Johnathan Wood joined Arcadis project.” which are striving for a better, more team. Her manager said: as a bridge engineer and has had sustainable delivery could see real “Margarita is a trail blazing a major impact on the Lower l Wood’s nomination was positive change in this space.” engineer. Technically brilliant, Thames Crossing project by brought over from last year as The judges said: “Our she demonstrates capabilities introducing a digital innovation he was unable to attend the winner relayed their approach on our most complex projects for optioneering a series of 2018 event due to personal enthusiastically and with well thought beyond her years.” complex curved and highly circumstances. out examples that highlighted the size and scale of the challenge that lies ahead. Truly inspirational.”

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 23 Graduate and Apprentice of the Year Awards Winners

AT THE AWARDS

The awards were presented at a gala lunch in the ICE’s Great Hall, before an audience of more than 150. Guests heard Ruth Watson, last year’s winner Karoline Lende, ICE vice president Rachel Skinner and Forum for the Future chair Keith Clarke.

WINNER littering the environment as it cannot year he has shown himself to be highly APPRENTICE OF THE YEAR be disposed of, this can be shredded motivated and independent in his work, TOBY CRAWLEY and repurposed into construction switching effortlessly from the design material. Again this leads to the and drawing office to the demands of site Employer: Siemens Mobility blockers of industry and code use with engineering and setting out. Qualification: Civil Engineering regard to test and user safety,” wrote “He is flexible to project demands and Degree Apprentice at Wiltshire Crawley. personable in his interactions, gaining College He has gone above and beyond to praise from all areas of the business Toby Crawley (pictured above) joined promote engineering to other young for his application. Toby has shown Siemens in September 2018 on a Level people including developing a course leadership qualities by taking on small Winners and Finalists and Winners 6 Trailblazer Civil Engineering (Degree) which taught the basics of computer project tasks, such as innovating new Apprenticeship. programming to secondary school edging kerbs from recycled plastic He impressed the judges with his students. It was so successful, that which improve existing rail industry intelligent analysis of the blockers to Siemens has now rolled it out to other construction methods. He is comfortable reducing embedded carbon, including schools it engages with. with applying modern technology in civil the slowness of innovations to come He won awards during his time in engineering and has been forthright in on the market. He gave thoughtful school and as an apprentice, including becoming proficient in BIM process by solutions, including promoting the Wiltshire College’s Principal’s Award quickly learning MicroStation, as well as re-use of plastics in construction in 2018, which was in part given for putting himself forward as a practitioner materials. demonstration the opportunities of a in our emergent 3D site scanning team.” “More accurate modelling and vocational pathway. That year he also Judges said: “Our winner demonstrated manufacturing attention needs to be won the award for Civil Engineering a clear, practical and logical approach to drawn to the use of recycled materials. Best Overall Student. solving problems. Their positive outlook There is an abundance of plastic waste His manager said: “Over the last on the challenges we face was inspiring.”

24 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 MORE ON NEW CIVIL ENGINEER’S LIVE EVENTS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/LIVE

OTHER SHORTLISTED APPRENTICES THE JUDGES

JAMES GIBBONS, ARUP in the workplace, she committed degree apprenticeship and in that James Gibbons is currently to improving health and safety in time he has shown remarkable studying for a five-year level 6 the office, and all staff have now progress in terms of his civil and environmental degree at had emergency CPR training. development. He is very eager University of West of England. In She represents other apprentices to learn technical and managerial 2017 he was awarded a horizons internally at Atkins and does skills, which is somewhat unusual bursary with the Institution of STEM outreach work. Her boss for his age.” Engineering & Technology for his says: “Katrina is a proactive work at Arup and his excellent learner and continuously adds ETHAN WORRALL, BDP grades at Weston College. to the breadth of her knowledge Ethan Worrall has undertaken He now undertakes science, by taking on new and varying a two year level 3 BTEC in technology, engineering and project roles.” professional construction (civil maths (STEM) outreach. His engineering) at Salford City manager said: “James sees the UMAR MALIK, AECOM College Future Skills. He is a value of engineering to society Umar Malik is studying for a former Royal Marine serving at large, and how what he and his BEng at Liverpool John Moores everywhere from the Arctic firm does brings true benefits to University as an apprentice with Circle to the Arabian Sea. The judges prepare to interview the wider community.” Aecom. He won the firm’s Rising His manager said: “Ethan is a the shortlisted engineers Star award in 2018 and has conscientious and enthusiastic KATRINA HO, ATKINS presented at a business breakfast individual, with a passion for Ken Harland Katrina Ho is a degree apprentice networking event. Malik has learning. He is continually Executive advisor, with Atkins, studying for a BEng already gained technician seeking out knowledge and Amey Consulting in civil engineering at Coventry membership with the ICE. His developing his abilities, Karoline Lende University. After performing manager said: “Umar has just completing tasks set from him Engineer, Arup emergency CPR on a colleague completed his second year of his quickly and efficiently.” Matt Sykes Director of infrastructure, Arup Chris Mulligan Strategy & growth director, Atkins Global Darren Colderwood Development director, Heathrow Airport Ltd Steve Feeley Director membership recruitment, ICE Gordon Deuce Chief engineer, Mace Ruth Watson Civil engineer apprentice, Mott MacDonald Stephen Coker Divisional director, built environment (South-East) Mott MacDonald David A Smith Senior vice president, corporate strategy, Stantec Michèle Dix, Managing director, Transport for London Rachel Skinner, This year’s winners UK head of transport, and finalists WSP and senior vice president, ICE

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 25 Strong in bridge building

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Innovation in bridge design must come with an appreciation of risk, if the natural conservatism of clients is to be overcome. This month we look at maintenance regimes and lessons to be learned from last year’s Florida bridge collapse

RISK VERSUS INNOVATION / PAGE 28 MAINTAINING THE FORTH ROAD BRIDGE / PAGE 32 LESSONS FROM THE 2018 FLORIDA BRIDGE COLLAPSE / PAGE 38

JANUARY 2020 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 27 STRIKING A BALANCE Innovation in bridge design must come with an appreciation of risk, if the natural conservatism of clients is to be overcome. Catherine Kennedy reports from New Civil Engineer’s Future of Bridges conference.

Future ONE STEP FORWARD, confidence that it provides.” His remarks are backed by KEY FACT KEEP LOOKING BACK of Bridges Robust independent checking must the official report on the Florida not be side lined and must be at International University footbridge 50% the forefront of bridge innovation, collapse which identifies clear design evelopments in bridge according to world renowned and checking errors. design, construction Reduction bridge engineer Ian Firth, consulting Procurement must also change so and maintenance in carbon structural engineer at Cowi. that carbon content of projects is are moving at an He told New Civil Engineer’s Future better managed. According to Firth, unprecedented pace, footprint of Bridges conference in November, carbon reduction targets should whether in terms of 3D possible that robust, independent checks are be set – and procurement methods printed structures or the use of self- by using crucial in to a structure’s safety and must change to allow designers time sensing materials. longevity. Independent checkers to work on reducing the amount D graphene in But alongside these innovations, can also hold designers to account material used. there is the perspective of the concrete if design is wasteful, but Firth says “We’ve got to think of a way of collapse of an in-construction bridge these checks are often side-lined in changing the way we evaluate our in Florida in March 2018 (see page design and build contracts. projects,” he said. 38),and the Polcevera Viaduct “This is becoming endemic in “At the moment we do quality tragedy in August that year. These our society because of the way we costing. But what about having a have brought a greater sense of self- procure stuff,” says Firth. “The cost of carbon threshold, and if you don’t reflection to the sector as engineers doing proper independent checking is meet it you simply don’t get the job, try to unravel why and when the tiny in comparison with the value and or [what if] there’s a carbon tax? warning signs were not picked up. We’ve got to adopt a philosophy now Engineers are walking the line that this is number one on the agenda between heeding past lessons and after safety.” innovating to combat challenges In terms of where and which such as the climate emergency and We’ve got to bridges to build, Firth identified cycle maintaining ageing structures. So it is and pedestrian bridges as vital to timely to look at the future of bridges, think of a way cutting emissions in cities, citing the the challenges in design, construction of changing the way we in-progress Pimlico to Westminster and maintenance and how these cycle bridge and New York highline as might be met. evaluate our projects two examples. 28 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 “ We need to help clients understand the importance of “decarbonising, of improved assurance, of whole life value

CLIENTS AND BRIDGE OWNERS So, how are clients and bridge owners responding to the sector’s challenges? The priorities are safety, asset maintenance and management, Transport for London principal engineering leader, infrastructure protection Sharan Gill told the conference. She identified innovative ways to maintain existing bridges as one of the biggest challenges. “As owners, it’s being presented with good ideas, innovative ways, to keep our existing bridges going.” The importance of effective bearing replacement – beyond simply extending service life – was highlighted by Connect Plus (M25) technical and programme director DRIVING BRIDGE Above: A CGI allowances for checks of requirement Elaine Gazzini. She also stressed the DESIGN AND BUILD impression of delivery. need for concrete repair, particularly Engineers like Firth will increasingly the Nine Elms Echoing Firth’s comments about identifying and repairing parts of have to tie into the government’s to Pimlico environmental performance, Waller structures which are falling off. construction agenda, particularly pedestrian and told the conference of the need for Meanwhile, Transport Scotland as major clients such as Highways cycle bridge value-based business models. chief bridge engineer Hazel McDonald England and Network Rail adopt Below: Ian “One of the reasons construction cited “the unknown unknowns” and new policies including a drive Firth: Robust, productivity is quite low historically things you can’t see as causes for towards offsite manufacturing. independent in terms of growth is because clients concern. Construction Innovation Hub checking must keep asking for the wrong things Carbon is an increasing priority for (CIH) programme director Keith not be sideline in the wrong way and incentivising bridge clients and owners. Transport Waller, advocates transforming buying it cheap and transferring risk,” Scotland has carbon calculator tools the construction sector through he says. for maintenance projects but, while data, digital and manufacturing by “We need to help clients it does set targets for recycling and boosting productivity and reducing understand the importance of reuse of materials, it does not set carbon. decarbonising, of improved carbon targets. The government backed CIH assurance, of whole life value and McDonald sees this as “something is a body of industry specialists use that as the basis for making to think about”. brought together to develop digital decisions.” Bridge Owner’s Forum technical and manufacturing technology in The hope is that this leads to secretary Richard Fish told the Future construction. better performing bridges, with of Bridges conference: “The carbon It is working on a system for the added potential for digital agenda is just coming in, maybe too standardising how manufactured twins to indicate how structures late but it’s something we’re going to components and self-assemblies fit are performing in their whole start to look at.” together, similar to the common rules operational life. that exist in the automotive and Targeting the right outcomes is key, MATERIALS AND aerospace industries. considering social, economic and DRIVING SUSTAINABILITY Common interface whole life value. Clients view innovation in standards for buildings “It isn’t just about how do we maintenance as more important than and structures would do the same thing cheaper,” says innovation in new builds. include system design Waller. “It’s about how do we do New materials are crucial to enable configurators and the same thing better.” this maintenance. As part of her

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 29 Future of Bridges Overview

The low-cost solution driving the decision-making process isn’t always the “best way of procuring for innovation

PhD at the University of Cambridge, Costain business development manager Ioanna Papanikolaou has studied the use of graphene and its use in concrete. Graphene is a new high strength material capable of incorporating sensor technology. “When you have external sensors in the structures, they’re not an inherent part of the structure and that’s their biggest limitation,” she explains. “When you have a self- sensing material, the material on its own can diagnose its condition.” Cowi director Joanna Bonnett said self-sensing materials would be A BIM model and who is going to assume the risk but we’ve got to think carefully about a “step forward” given the current showing the new of new materials, like self-healing that when we do get to departures,” mismatch between structural health Polcevera viaduct concrete .” Richardson says. “Do we allow monitoring systems and structures The balance between risk and specialists with the right skills and themselves. reward is significant. Bonnett says: knowledge and background to move “Inevitably structural health “The key with the risks is that the away from the standards at that stage?” monitoring systems need renewing risks and the benefits naturally go With innovation comes inevitable and reviewing over the life of the together. There are problems when uncertainty. In Papanikolaou’s structure,” she says. “If it was you try and separate those – you try experience, the development of embedded, you can see how that and put the risks with one party it graphene has featured “so many would be a real strength, but we doesn’t benefit. Whereas if you keep unknowns”. need to have a staged approach. We the risks and the benefits together Researchers at the University of need to move from proof of concept then it’s more of a balance.” Exeter have found that including through smaller scale structures According to Richardson, graphene in concrete can deliver and gradually build up that scaling procurement processes must the same strength mix with 50% arrangement because that’s how also change to facilitate the less materials, reducing the carbon things get accepted.” commercialisation of innovation and footprint by around 446kg/t. Lifespan Structures general to allow people to make decisions But, she explained, this is only in manager Martin Richardson identified in terms of whole life, rather than the manufacturing process. “I don’t “small steps to develop [client] capital cost. know what will happen in 100 years understanding” as important. “The low-cost solution driving – maybe graphene doesn’t perform Moving cautiously, it seems, is key the decision-making process isn’t as well. That’s where we need the to achieving innovation. With clients, always the best way of procuring for collaboration to develop these new it is necessary to build confidence innovation,” he says. materials.” slowly – Papanikolaou explained that The introduction of such new Despite these challenges, it seems self-healing concrete, for example, is technology raises questions about that innovation – in new and existing taking years to become mainstream, whether specialist engineers should structures – will only accelerate. despite research and lab tests design, or whether generalist And with the recent disasters in indicating that it works. engineers should take the technology Polcevera and Florida highlighting the “There’s a lot of hesitance when it forward on a day to day basis. consequences of failure, the fight to comes to using it in a real project,” “It’s probably volume against strike a balance between safety and she says. “That goes back to risk margin in terms of commercialisation innovation continues. N

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T: 0870 850 3358 E: [email protected] Groundforce Shorco W: www.vpgroundforce.com/shoring Major Projects MAINTAINING £18M/y INSPECTION WALKWAYS & RUNWAY BEAMS Spent maintaining the FRB The walkways and runway beams which make up the Engineers access and hazardous route of a bridge inspector remove beams via a FORTH £6M 12m 12m Runway Cost of replacing Beam roller shutter joints 6m ROAD East Centre West Foot/cycle grillage grillage grillage 2.5km path Road deck Road deck CHECK BRIDGE Walkways to be upcycled WALKWAYS RUNWAY BEAM Rosyth M90 (suspended span under N deck access, Queensferry SSUDA) North New Crossing Queensferry Original

FORTH ROAD Longcraig BRIDGE Island KEY MONITORING AREAS IN DETAIL A9000 Forth POINTS Bridge Rocker bearings (shown in green) on LATERAL THRUST BEARING Scotland’s Forth Road Bridge has been A904 Queensferry each side tower are undergoing LATERAL THRUST BEARING ROCKER BEARING structural health monitoring with the undergoing strengthening and repairs 1km M90 use of sensors. Further lateral trust bearings at the main tower are also for nearly three decades. Ruby Kitching being investigated, but as the diagram TRUSS END LINKS joined contractor Amey to experience arrangement to the side tower. some of the challenges. MAIN TOWER SIDETOWER Lateral thrust MAIN TOWER member ELEVATION Road deck

Road deck MAIN TOWERS EACH TOWER Road deck HAS FOUR NEW erhaps it is some sort increased traffi c loads in the 1990s, to Road deck of initiation – if you can installing a dehumidifi cation system TRUSS-ENDS stomach the D-line, you’ll KEY FACTS to halt cable corrosion in 2009 after Foot/cycle be fi ne walking on the rest wires were found to be rusting (New path of the Forth Road Bridge’s Civil Engineer 18 April 2008). Fears LATERAL THRUST (FRB’s) below-deck £18M that the bridge might eventually LATERAL THRUST BEARING circuitry. “It’s safe,” grins Amey senior Forth Road have to close while cables were BEARING civil engineer Graeme Shepherd as replaced led to the construction of the P Bridge annual he walks swiftly along the pulsating neighbouring Queensferry Crossing, LATERAL THRUST walkway on gridline D. “Don’t worry, maintenance which opened, in 2017. This now New end post LEAF BEARING the rust is only superfi cial.” His words budget carries all the main traffi c across the reassure me less and less as the metal Forth Estuary at Queensferry, leaving grill depresses with every step. The just a bus every 15 minutes and a few ROCKER LATERAL THRUST BEARING cold wind howls around me and heavy taxis and motorcycles every hour Truss spherical BEARING bearing Lateral thrust swells lap against the pier base below using the FRB. It is October half- Main tower member with hypnotising motion. term break when New Civil Engineer Bearing cross girder Some 65m above the surface of the visits, so, as well as keen walkers and bracket Firth of Forth, it only takes a distant cyclists, there are children cycling Main tower SIDE TOWERS fl oating gull or chugging vessel to and scooting with their parents and distract me enough to question why grandparents along the bridge’s OVERALL VIEW OF BRIDGE'S everything below me should be so “traffi c-free” footpath. INSPECTION AREAS small, turning my knees to jelly. And It is quite a fall from grace for then the occasional bus thunders over such a magnifi cent structure, which South viaduct: 438m South side span: 408m Main span: 1006m North side span: 408m North viaduct: – more alarming than if traffi c were was the longest suspension bridge 253m constantly crossing the bridge. outside America and fourth longest New Civil Engineer is shadowing in the world when it fi rst opened. Its SOUTH COMB WALKWAY South tower ROLLER SHUTTER EXPANSION JOINT North tower WALKWAY NORTH COMB EXPANSION JOINT IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVEMENTS EXPANSION JOINT contractor Amey’s engineers as they go about their daily job of South North abutment managing and maintaining the FRB, abutment the suspension bridge built across Forth Estuary the Firth of Forth in Scotland in 1964. It’s safe. Don’t It is a structure that has had its fair LATERAL THRUST BEARINGS LATERAL THRUST BEARINGS LATERAL THRUST BEARINGS share of interventions over the years. worry, the Side tower Side tower These range from tower strengthening ROCKER BEARING TRUSS ENDS LINKS ROCKER BEARING and hanger replacement to support rust is only superfi cial 32 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 “ MAINTAINING £18M/y INSPECTION WALKWAYS & RUNWAY BEAMS Spent maintaining the FRB The walkways and runway beams which make up the Engineers access and hazardous route of a bridge inspector remove beams via a FORTH £6M 12m 12m Runway Cost of replacing Beam roller shutter joints 6m ROAD East Centre West Foot/cycle grillage grillage grillage 2.5km path Road deck Road deck BRIDGE Walkways to be upcycled

WALKWAYS RUNWAY BEAM Rosyth M90 (suspended span under N deck access, Queensferry SSUDA) North New Crossing Queensferry Original

FORTH ROAD Longcraig BRIDGE Island KEY MONITORING AREAS IN DETAIL A9000 Forth Bridge Rocker bearings (shown in green) on LATERAL THRUST BEARING A904 Queensferry each side tower are undergoing LATERAL THRUST BEARING ROCKER BEARING structural health monitoring with the 1km M90 use of sensors. Further lateral trust bearings at the main tower are also being investigated, but as the diagram TRUSS END LINKS arrangement to the side tower. MAIN TOWER SIDETOWER

Lateral thrust MAIN TOWER member ELEVATION Road deck

Road deck MAIN TOWERS EACH TOWER Road deck HAS FOUR NEW TRUSS-ENDS Road deck

Foot/cycle path LATERAL THRUST LATERAL THRUST BEARING BEARING xxxx LATERAL THRUST New end post LEAF BEARING

ROCKER LATERAL THRUST BEARING Truss spherical BEARING bearing Lateral thrust Main tower member Bearing cross girder bracket Main tower SIDE TOWERS

OVERALL VIEW OF BRIDGE'S INSPECTION AREAS

South viaduct: 438m South side span: 408m Main span: 1006m North side span: 408m North viaduct: 253m

SOUTH COMB WALKWAY South tower ROLLER SHUTTER EXPANSION JOINT North tower WALKWAY NORTH COMB EXPANSION JOINT IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVEMENTS EXPANSION JOINT

South North abutment abutment Forth Estuary

Side tower LATERAL THRUST BEARINGS LATERAL THRUST BEARINGS LATERAL THRUST BEARINGS Side tower ROCKER BEARING TRUSS ENDS LINKS ROCKER BEARING

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 33 Future of Bridges Forth

Ninety per cent of reports are now produced in the field – including “scheduling-in repair work and costing purpose now is to be Queensferry’s understudy. If Queenie has to close for any reason, traffic can use the FRB and prevent a reported £1M-a-day loss to the economy. Out of the spotlight, essential and routine repairs can be carried out on the FRB. Closing one lane of traffic while work takes place has virtually no effect on traffic flow. Although the Queensferry Crossing came with an estimated £1.35bn price tag – it is still being snagged so the accounting is not quite finished – all work on the FRB can be done with vast savings compared to if it were operational. “The most important thing for us is to keep the FRB safe and keep it open for 100,000 vehicles a day,” says Amey Forth bridges director Ewan Angus. Amey’s team 2.5km of walkway has already been and paper to record information “Currently only 700 vehicles a day access the bridge’s “upcycled.” Swathes of landing without risking it blowing away or, as use it, but they’re happy because it’s bottom chord platforms between the maze of experienced by the end of the visit, a reliable journey.” walkways will also be replaced. fingers just become too frozen to form Around £18M a year is spent “The walkways were installed in the words on the page. Amey’s tablet- maintaining the FRB, but this still 1980s and are now being upgraded for based reporting software called Pearl means there are only scaffold pole higher loads,” says Shepherd. “They makes reporting much easier and handrails to hold onto on its access have been ripped out, shot blasted quicker. It relies on a pull down menu walkways, and even they rattle as we and re-galvanized. They appear rusty of options and digital photographs duck under and weave around the but are not in that bad condition and can be attached to the information bridge to reach the part Shepherd haven’t lost much cross sectional recorded during an inspection. Ninety wants to show me. area.” He adds that the new access per cent of reports are now produced He points out Long Craig Island, a steelwork is now designed for double in the field – including scheduling-in lump of rock near the shoreline where its original load of 0.75kN/m2 by repair work and costing. roseate terns nest. Without a constant adding stiffeners and using GRP. We eventually reach the new stream of traffic creating constant This I can believe as my heart permanent access stairs for the truss- background noise to mask the sound rate settles to a more restful state. end links. A crack discovered on one of construction, there is concern that Working off a hanging scaffold of these caused the bridge to close for the birds, whose numbers are falling, suspended from the underside of three weeks in 2015. All eight pinned have been affected by recent changes. the bridge deck, engineers tag and connections had to be temporarily “We’re installing noise recording log every component before they supported before being adapted to equipment here because the birds are dismantled and transported to be supported off new brackets off might be more sensitive to impact a factory for cleaning and detailed the main towers. This work was only noise from the repair work.” inspection. Later, they will be refitted completed in the summer. We eventually reach the newly in their original positions. The crack developed because replaced walkways with more The difficulty of carrying out the connection was so inaccessible reassuringly stiff glass reinforced meaningful inspections insitu that it could neither be lubricated plastic (GRP) treads and I am able becomes apparent as we walk. It to prevent the pin seizing up nor to catch my breath. Some 513m of is almost impossible to use a pen properly inspected. Instrumentation

34 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 bearings, after a visual inspection, a Each of the decision will be made on whether to replace the six lateral thrust bearings pair of runway or to just monitor them. The next big spend item on the beams is 1.8km long. routine maintenance programme will About 100m has been be to repaint the longitudinal trusses, a £100M job that will take 10 years. replaced so far New Civil Engineer had been “ promised a walk along the bottom truss, with appropriate safety further investigation. The software equipment, but as we approach, the is also clever enough to use weather bridge inspectors explain that wind forecasts to predict where problems speeds are close to 45kmph, the limit might be in the future, based on past for when work in exposed locations experience. SHM has recently been can be carried out. extended to include the bottom chord This happens all the time, Shepherd of the longitudinal trusses beneath the explains, and so the team always road deck and four rocker bearings on plan for a good weather and bad each side tower. weather activity every day so that Back in Amey’s offices, assistant time is never wasted. Having built up engineer Patrick Madden explains how my “sea legs” over the course of the SHM is making savings and influencing last few hours, I am disappointed to the future work programme. “After miss out on the full bridge inspection three months of monitoring, we experience, especially when we are found that the rocker bearings were then directed to road deck level where behaving exactly as they should be the next job will be to inspect impact and so didn’t need to be immediately damage to vehicle restraint barriers. replaced. It was a case of ‘no news is Before we head onto the deck, good news’.” we stop to observe steelwork The cost of replacing the rocker subcontractor Miller Callaghan’s crew bearings has not been estimated since remove a 9m long section of steel beam, and sensors on the truss-ends, set up Top: Maintenance the indications are that they will not which was fixed to the bottom chord. as soon as the crack was discovered, specialist on the have to be in the near future. Amey assistant engineer Jamie measures stress and movement D-line walkway As expected, all parts of the bridge Franklin explains that an under-deck and has provided reassurance that Bottom: Access have a healthy “green” status, when wheel-mounted gantry platform the repair has solved the problem. to the Forth Road New Civil Engineer visits, but an amber ran along the inner channel of Readings, sent automatically to Amey, Bridge is restricted alert had Amey engineers flummoxed these universal beams, and that, ensure future deterioration comes to buses, cyclists recently. Parts of the bridge were while inspecting them last year, he with a warning. and pedestrians not behaving normally. It was soon discovered a fracture along their web. Post-2015, a whole raft of discovered that the usual south west “Score lines where the gantry instrumentation was applied to the prevailing wind was now coming wheels had run along them had bridge’s most critical components, from the north east and that this was caused the steel to fracture in some identified through Amey’s own visual creating a set of readings that had places, especially in locations where inspections, but also by liaising with never been recorded before. the runway beam had been stiffened other suspension bridge maintenance “The software now knows that this locally,” he says. contractors to understand where the is normal behaviour for the bridge We watch sections of the original next weakness could be. Investment in under these conditions, and so the 165mm wide flange I-beam being a structural health monitoring (SHM) next time there is a strong north threaded up through the slither of system called Mercury in 2018 enables easterly wind, the status will stay space between the main road deck data to be collected from, currently green.” and footpath. Two operators attach 1,000 sensors. (New Civil Engineer We soon arrive at a side tower, the the beam to wires so that it can be December 2018). location of the rocker bearings and lifted out using a 3.5t spider crane The number of sensors has a lateral thrust bearing – the next mounted on the footpath. gradually increased over the years connection detail to undergo thorough It takes a great deal of coordination as SHM is relatively cheap once the investigation. between the pair of operators below system is up and running compared to Permanent access has not yet deck and the pair above deck to get the cost of replacing components that been built to these, but monitoring of the beams out, especially where the are nearing the end of their design life. diagonal bracing connected to them suspension cable takes up some of the Amber or red warnings automatically indicates that nothing unexpected space above the slot that the beams point Amey to areas needing urgent is happening. As with the rocker are threaded through.

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 35 Future of Bridges Forth

Both types of expansion joint are now being replaced with the same “systems as before It is equally tricky to lower the replacement beam as its asymmetric cross section makes it more difficult to keep level. The web of the replacement runway beams will be 12mm thicker than before, while the flange is 4mm thicker. With a wider top flange compared to the bottom – 294mm versus 184mm – there is extra strength in the section where it is needed. Each of the pair of runway beams is 1.8km long. About 100m has been replaced so far. Back at road deck level, Shepherd explains that the last cable inspection took place over the summer. Although the official report has yet to be made public, the signs are good: dehumidification has arrested the spread of corrosion. We are now near the side towers where expansion joints known as interconnecting “comb” joints are being replaced on the south bound lane. Closer to the main towers, “roller shutter” joints are also being replaced. Contractor With cable corrosion under control A runway beam lift vehicle permitted to use the FRB, he American Bridge International is and expansion joint replacement in progress continues. carrying out the £6M work. underway, the FRB will soon be like “There are no plans to change this.” Their replacement was put on hold any other 55-year-old suspension What about doing something more when the Queensferry crossing was bridge, with routine aches and pains exciting with this engineering icon – first put forward, as engineers saw that need attention. make it habitable, hold festivals on the opportunity to carry out the work But in future it is only to carry it or turn in it into a green space for after the new bridge had opened, hundreds rather than tens of thousands more people to enjoy? The best the when there was less traffic. of vehicles a day. FRB can currently offer, suggests the Since 2009, the joints were This is the main frustration for spokesman, is to be a focal point for maintained and monitored closely drivers in this part of Scotland: Traffic cycling and running events. to keep them operational. The roller does build up on the Queensferry It is also common knowledge that shutter joints occupy 8.5m in length Crossing and they find themselves the local roads at either end of the FRB within the bridge deck. When the FRB stuck in jams while a lone bus travels were not upgraded to cope with traffic was open to traffic, replacing them freely across the FRB. from two bridges, and having them would have meant bridging this gap to “The principal purpose of the FRB both open at the same time would lead the tune of an extra £6M of temporary is a public transport corridor,” asserts to far more congestion than currently works – half the total the cost of the a Transport Scotland spokesman experienced during peak traffic job. Both types of expansion joint are later. “Going forward, we will look times. Some 300,000 vehicles, 118,000 now being replaced with the same to encourage more people to take pedestrians and 69,000 cyclists used systems as before, but using more advantage of the journey time savings the bridge the last year, he says and it resilient “Hardox” steel for the roller to be made by taking the bus.” The is at this point that I am reminded of shutter joint. The work takes place Forth Replacement Crossing Act Angus’ comment earlier that day: “As a while one lane closed. 2011 states by law the classes of bridge, it’s capable of so much more.” N

36 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 119_PERI_AD_PRINT_NCE_210x265_6-DEC-2019.indd 1 19/11/2019 08:23 Future of Bridges Florida Bridge Collapse

Central pylon (33m high) Diagonal FIU BRIDGE Member 11

Steel pipes LESSONS LEARNT Top chord canopy Lift PRELUDE TO THE DISASTER

STAGE 1: IN POSITION IN THE YARD 1 Deck 2 Supported on its end diaphragms, truss members 2 and 11 are in compression. 3 4 5 6 Post tensioning is correctly applied to put the bottom chord in compression also. 7 HARD 8 South 9 Pier 10 SELF WEIGHT ONLY Tension Compression 11 Truss members 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 COLLAPSED SECTION

8th Street SELF WEIGHT + POST TENSIONING Pylon EASTBOUND Pier POINT OF FAILURE Deck 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 WESTBOUND LESSONS LESSON 2: BELIEVE YOUR OWN EYES What lessons can be drawn from the CANAL East/south end West/pylon pier The severe nature of the cracking should have made 2018 Florida International University bridge before and after move before and after move it obvious the structure was failing and decisions to North lift STAGE 2: PREPARING FOR TRANSPORT clearly wrong collapse? Mark Hansford investigates. Without post tensioning, members 2 and 11 would now be tension (top image) – hence temporary post tensioning is applied (all structure is now in compression). Bars from south face of Member 12

Drainage pipe SELF WEIGHT ONLY Tension Compression

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 litany of failures learning. So who better for New Civil ultimately combined Engineer to ask to review the FIU Member 11 to cause the collapse? Member 12 Deck Vertical pipe collapse of the The structure included a 53m SELF WEIGHT + POST TENSIONING sleeves Florida International long prefabricated main span made Vertical pipe sleeves Vertical pipe University (FIU) bridge up of a 5.5m deep concrete truss 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Diaphragm sleeves onto a live highway, according to the of 12 diagonal members. The truss Shim offi cial investigation into the accident. supported the 10m wide deck and South pier Pylon pier Post-tensioning rod A during during stacks Key companies and organisations a 5m wide canopy running along its move Transporter (SPMT) move Drainage pipe involved in the project were criticised length. The main span connected to a support locations Canopy in the fi nal report into the collapse side span around a central pier onto Major cracking observed, published by the US National which a 33m tall central pylon was to be additional shim placed Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) built. This was an architectural feature LESSON 1: CHECK DESIGN IN ALL STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION (New Civil Engineer last month). with 10 diagonal steel “pipes” hanging Pylon pier It concludes that design calculation from it to provide additional stiffness STAGE 3: DECK PLACED ON TEMPORARY SHIMS IN FINAL POSITION 10 11 12 Post-tensioning of members 2 and 11 is removed as they are naturally in errors made by Figg Bridge Engineers but no other structural function. compression. However use of temporary shim stacks does not replicate the ﬁnal were ultimately to blame. It was at the connection between the resting position of the truss and induces stresses triggering cracking. But failures by the independent two spans and the pier – known as 11/12 53m design checker, client, contractor and nodal region – that the failure occurred. Deck 32˚ on-site construction supervisor also contributed to the disaster, which 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 killed six people (see box). All had the 5.5m Cold joint DRAINAGE 11 12 chance to act when serious cracks PIPE MEMBER appeared in the structure in the two Design NODAL REGION days before the collapse, but none did. LESSON 3: PAY ATTENTION TO CRITICAL DETAILS So this month we ask: what can we calculation Canal South East bound Westbound North Decisions to locate a drainage pipe and run several cable ducts through the 11/12 nodal region, learn from this failure? pier pier errors made by Figg Pylon and construction decisions to cast the structure with cold joints at the base of the diagonals, all Tony Gee & Partners group director 8th Street pier contributed to creating a weakness at a critical location of structures Akram Malik, has spent 20 years examining why structures Bridge Engineers were collapse – particularly as a tool for ultimately to blame

38 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020“ Central pylon (33m high) Diagonal Independent FIU BRIDGE Member 11 checking when Steel pipes LESSONS LEARNT Top chord canopy required should include Lift PRELUDE TO THE DISASTER every critical stage of

STAGE 1: IN POSITION IN THE YARD 1 Deck 2 construction Supported on its end diaphragms, truss members 2 and 11 are in compression. 3 4 5 Post tensioning is correctly applied to put the bottom chord in compression also. 6 “ 7 8 South 9 Pier 10 The client for the bridge was Florida Tension Compression 11 SELF WEIGHT ONLY International University. It hired MCM Truss members 12 as design and build contractor, and 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 COLLAPSED SECTION MCM hired Figg as designer and to serve as engineer of record. Figg then 8th Street SELF WEIGHT + POST TENSIONING Pylon contracted consultant Louis Berger EASTBOUND Pier to conduct the required independent POINT OF FAILURE Deck 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 peer review of the structural WESTBOUND design. FIU also hired Bolton Perez LESSON 2: BELIEVE YOUR OWN EYES CANAL as construction engineering and East/south end West/pylon pier The severe nature of the cracking should have made before and after move before and after move inspection contractor to monitor it obvious the structure was failing and decisions to and inspect the bridge as it was North lift STAGE 2: PREPARING FOR TRANSPORT clearly wrong constructed. Florida Department for Without post tensioning, members 2 and 11 would now be tension (top image) – Transportation (FDOT) is the highway hence temporary post tensioning is applied (all structure is now in compression). Bars from south face of Member 12 authority responsible for SW 8th

Drainage pipe Street, the road onto which the bridge SELF WEIGHT ONLY Tension Compression collapsed. Malik believes there are key lessons 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 to be learned, the clearest concerning the role of the independent checker. Member 11 “Independent checking when Member 12 required should include every critical Deck Vertical pipe SELF WEIGHT + POST TENSIONING sleeves stage of construction,” he states. Vertical pipe sleeves Vertical pipe “Here, we’ve got Louis Berger who 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Diaphragm sleeves was engaged by Figg, and Figg only asked it to look at the fi nal design, Shim South pier Pylon pier Post-tensioning rod not the interim construction stages during during stacks move Transporter (SPMT) move Drainage pipe – and both failed to see that the support locations intermediate construction stages were Canopy Major cracking observed, actually critical in the failure”. additional shim placed At face value the independent LESSON 1: CHECK DESIGN IN ALL STAGES OF CONSTRUCTION peer review process was good. The Pylon structure was deemed a “category pier STAGE 3: DECK PLACED ON TEMPORARY SHIMS IN FINAL POSITION 10 11 12 2” structure, for which the required Post-tensioning of members 2 and 11 is removed as they are naturally in compression. However use of temporary shim stacks does not replicate the ﬁnal checks are similar to the UK Highways resting position of the truss and induces stresses triggering cracking. England’s “category 3” process. “So a proper check was required,” notes 53m Deck 32˚ Malik, although he adds that the exact requirements were unclear from documents he has seen. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 5.5m Cold joint What is clear, from the NTSB’s DRAINAGE 11 12 PIPE MEMBER report, is that Louis Berger dropped NODAL REGION its price from $110,000 (£84,000) LESSON 3: PAY ATTENTION TO CRITICAL DETAILS under pressure from Figg whose Canal budget for this work was £46,500. South East bound Westbound North Decisions to locate a drainage pipe and run several cable ducts through the 11/12 nodal region, pier pier Emails obtained by investigators Pylon and construction decisions to cast the structure with cold joints at the base of the diagonals, all 8th Street pier contributed to creating a weakness at a critical location show Louis Berger warning Figg that in seeking lower bids, FIU should be aware that “a lesser fee may be associated with less effort/value”.

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 39 Future of Bridges Florida Bridge Collapse

You have to look at the construction assurance – was it wise to have “the cold joint in such a critical zone?

More emails show that on contract award the original scope of work remained unchanged, but that Louis Berger had reduced the time it was prepared to spend on checks from 10 weeks to seven. Investigators also found that Louis Berger failed to meet FDOT requirements for a peer reviewer to employ at least three registered professional engineers, each with a its two ends, yet while resting on the The bridge agreed budget did not stretch to this minimum of five years’ experience in pier the shims were placed either side collapsed onto a level of analysis. designing complex concrete bridges. of the central truss – meaning there live highway “In the beginning, I suggested to do Louis Berger performed the was no direct support under the truss this kind of analysis, to analyse the independent peer review of Figg’s location. connections,” he said. “I’m talking about design using Adina, a finite element This induced unexpected stresses the nodes, or the joints to analyse the analysis software program, in and strains in the structure which connections. However, the budget and accordance with FDOT standards. were exacerbated when the end time to do this actually was not agreed Post-collapse, Louis Berger confirmed diagonal truss member was de- upon with the designer.” to NTSB investigators that it analysed stressed after it was positioned. This “Clearly in this case no-one looked the design as one structure in its triggered the significant cracking carefully enough at what was a really completed state. It only analysed the which should have given warning that critical location,” says Malik. design for the completed structure and collapse was imminent. Such a critical Malik points to a host of obvious not for its various construction phases. construction stage should have been deficiencies, including decisions “Doing construction sequence modelled by the checking engineer, to locate a drainage pipe and run staging analysis was not part of Malik concludes. several cable ducts through the our scope. Doing such an analysis A second key lesson, says Malik, critical 11/12 nodal region and requires much more time than what is the old-adage of the devil being construction decisions to cast the we agreed about [with Figg],” it told in the detail. Investigators have structure with cold joints at the base investigators. overwhelmingly concluded that the of the diagonals. He also questions The significance of failing to trigger for the collapse was punching the quality of preparation of the consider the structure in its shear failure at the node where construction joints. construction configurations became the end vertical and diagonal truss “You have to look at the clear when investigators began members met. The NTSB has been construction assurance – was it wise examining the construction sequence, unequivocal in stating that Figg’s load to have the cold joint in such a critical explains Malik. and capacity calculation errors at this zone, that’s one question, and was it The entire 53m long main span key node probably led to the failure. prepared correctly? And we’ve got structure was built off-site and then Post-collapse calculations showed [on-site supervisor] Bolton Perez moved into its final position on mobile that the load demand on the node was Associates – did it do its job? These transporters where it was set on twice that designed. are all questions that are a little bit up temporary shims. The NTSB has also been unequivocal in the air,” he says. Ahead of the move, the two end in stating that Louis Berger, as design One of the most alarming aspect of diagonals of the truss were tensioned to checker, should have noticed this this collapse was that the only action ensure they remained in compression error. taken to stabilise the structure – even while in transit (see diagram). In a post-collapse interview, the when cracks up to 100mm deep In the casting yard there was full Louis Berger engineer who conducted starting appearing – was to re-tension contact support across the deck and the peer review told the NTSB that the cables in the end diagonal in the hope

40 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 THE INVESTIGATOR’S VIEW: BRUCE LANDSBERG

“The bridge was not properly designed, and there was no qualified oversight on that design”

A bridge-building disaster should The bridge was not properly every organisation absolved be incomprehensible in today’s designed, and there was no themselves of responsibility by technical world. We have been qualified oversight on that design. rationalising that if the Engineer building bridges in the United When the inevitable began to of Record says it’s OK, it must be State for over 200 years, and long happen – a creeping, catastrophic OK, and if anything bad happens before that in other parts of the material failure, nobody did – it’s on him. That is not the intent world. The science should be well anything, despite what NTSB of peer review or safety oversight, sorted out by now – and for the chairman [Robert] Sumwalt and certainly fails the system of most part, it is. accurately described as the “bridge checks and balances in place to screaming at everyone that it was prevent catastrophes like these. The investigation clearly failing.” Why? The NTSB’s stated role is not highlighted basic design flaws Once the cracking became to lay blame, but some would and a complete lack of oversight evident, not one of the say that’s exactly what we do by every single party that had organisations involved was willing when we apportion causation. responsibility to either identify the completely lacking. to take the essential and unpopular The human failing that affects all design errors or stop work and call Louis Berger lowered its bid step to call a halt and close the of us is complacency. It is not a for a safety stand-down, once it to review the project by 43% in road. term the NTSB uses often, but in was clear that there was a massive order to get the business, but also This is similar to the my opinion, it is present in nearly internal failure. reduced the scope of the review. circumstances of the space every accident and crash. We are The “what” is very clear but the The reason given was there wasn’t shuttle Challenger disaster where creatures of habit, and when we “why” is more elusive. Despite enough money in the project the decision was made to launch become comfortable through long the public’s anger, distress, and to cover its efforts. That’s both in extremely cold weather. The repetitive experience, the guard disappointment, none of the disingenuous and unconscionable. engineers recommended against often comes down – periodically responsible organisations had any It also was in violation of FDOT’s it because the O-Rings that were with disastrous results. This is intent for this tragic event to requirement that there be an critical to fuel system integrity precisely what safety management occur or to cause any injury or loss independent second set of eyes to would be operating outside their systems are designed to prevent of life. Sadly, good intentions do review everything – not just what design parameters. Rationalisation, – to trap errors in process before not suffice for competence and was economically convenient. optimism and schedule pressure they become catastrophes. While diligence. It is likewise incomprehensible contributed to what has been disasters may be perfectly clear in Engineering schools will use this and unethical that Louis Berger described in management training hindsight, the best organisations as a landmark case study for years would even bid on a job for which it circles as “Group Think.” Strong take proactive measures – – and they should. lacked the requisite qualifications and confident personalities constantly. The Engineer of Record (see main feature). That FDOT, persuade everyone that everything Schedule pressure, economics, employed by Figg was which was supposed to review the will be OK. Despite misgivings overconfidence, and complacency experienced, but his calculations plans, did not know, or think to and technical expertise that advise all work to counter good intentions were erroneous. Reflection on this ask, about its qualifications is more against such action, the team and too often create tragedy. event should go far beyond merely than just an oversight. It’s just moves forward as a group. It is my fervent hope that the a technical review. The checks plain sloppy. Ditto for Figg. It appears that the same organisations involved will take the and balances that were required FDOT claimed a technical error mindset was in play here, in NTSB recommendations (see box) by the Florida Department of on the FDOT website and then, every organisation: Figg, Louis seriously and quickly implement Transportation (FDOT) and after the collapse, fabricated a Berger, MCM (the construction them. The lives lost and the American Association of State disclaimer that it is not responsible company), Bolton Perez (the families disrupted deserve at least Highway and Transportation for the data that it posts. That’s engineering firm overseeing the that much. Officials guidance and incumbent unacceptable in my view – either bridge construction), FDOT, upon Louis Berger, the peer- ensure the information is accurate and finally, Florida International l Bruce Landsberg is NTSB reviewing organisation, were or don’t post it. University. It also appears that vice chairman

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 41 Future of Bridges Florida Bridge Collapse

Do we need to include in our design processes an additional question: “‘What are the ways in which this structure could fail?’

that this would close the cracks. Again, here there are clear lessons to learn, says Malik. “In this case it appears that Figg didn’t recognise that the structure was on its way to collapsing.” “It carried out calculations and those calculations seemed to show that it was working fine and that the cracks should not be occurring. “So it freely admitted that it didn’t understand why the cracks were occurring, but on that basis still decided to restress the bars to try and arrest what was happening – even though it didn’t understand it. This was poor decision making,” he says. Malik suggests that engineers should be educated in the pre-collapse behaviour of structures. “Do we need KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE NTSB REPORT to include in our design processes an additional question: ‘What are the ways in which this structure could fail?’” Malik’s final observation concerns The National Transportation local agency that owns or is Manual, Structures Design the safety management of the Safety Board made the following responsible for the bridge Guidelines, emphasising remedial action being taken – key safety recommendations, construction immediately close uncommon bridge designs restressing of the diagonal member primarily to the Florida the bridge to construction above live traffic. Department of Transportation: personnel and close the road Additionally it recommended “So… [site workers] were underneath; fully support the that the American Association restressing the bars in a critical l Require that the independent entire bridge weight using of State Highway and member on a non-redundant structure peer review for category 2 bridge construction techniques that Transportation Officials and were doing so over live traffic. structures includes checking and do not require placing workers and Federal Highway Obviously it was not a good decision verifying the design calculations on or directly under the bridge Administration: in hindsight but even in foresight it used for all nodal forces during installation; and restrict l Develop a requirement that was not a good decision,” he asserts. l Require the independent all pedestrian, vehicular, and concrete bridge structures And here he believes all parties peer-reviewer to submit a construction traffic on the bridge be designed with reasonable should have stepped in. But why prequalification letter showing until the complete support is in estimates for interface shear didn’t they? “Are we becoming that it is qualified in accordance place and inspected demand too specialised?” he asks. Builders with Florida Administrative Code l Require personnel to monitor build, designers design, supervisors l Specify that when structural and inspect all local agency And to Figg: supervise. Is this preventing cracks are initially detected bridge projects determined l Train staff on the proper use of them from “exercising their own during bridge construction, the by the department to have the permanent net compressive independent professional judgement”? engineer of record, construction uncommon designs force normal to the shear Figg and MCM, Louis Berger and engineering inspector, design l Add a discussion about plane when calculating nominal Bolton Perez have been contacted for and build contractor, or redundancy to the Structures interface shear resistance. comment. N

42 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH Future of Bridges Hewson Consulting HEWSON CONSULTING OFF SITE, ON TARGET Hewson Consulting is applying its offsite construction capabilities worldwide.

ff-site construction is an increasing priority for clients and contractors, but for Hewson Consulting Engineers it is a well-trodden path. Since its inception Oin 2005, Hewson has prided itself in pioneering and championing the use of off-site construction concrete and steel elements in infrastructure in the UK and around the world. Hewson’s extensive design and build experience means that buildability, speed of construction, and access are considered from the outset, and off-site construction regularly provides the best solution. Its international reach means innovations from projects worldwide can be replicated in the UK, and vice-versa, enabling it to draw on global best practice. Recently completed examples include: l Detailed design of 4.7km of viaducts Pont-Briwet and four stations for Jakarta Metro, currently progressing through detailed communicating intent at concept phase. viaduct, UK which opened April 2019, using precast design. These piers are connected to Modular abutments were a key example – precast segmental deck construction, precast the insitu pile cap concrete cast within for a tender on High Speed 2; 3D printing crossheads being spun piles, precast station beams and slab lowered over permanent formwork provided by shells enabled precast module concepts to be decks, and fabricated steel roof elements concrete piers which are also precast off-site and lifted realised in miniature and put together l Detailed design of the fully integral into place. during meetings to prove the concept. 136m Pont Briwet viaduct in Snowdonia, Bridges currently being designed for Hewson believe that its combined using precast pier head shells to form Glasgow Airport Investment Area are expertise in permanent works design, connections to prestressed deck beams, utilising precast pier and pier head shells, temporary works design, and an minimising the requirement for formwork similar to those successfully implemented understanding of practical construction, is and man-access over the river at Pont Briwet. key to its success in developing solutions l Erection engineering support for the 3D modelling of elements and using off-site construction. 37km Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah reinforcement, and 3D printing of test Hewson director Andrew Hodgkinson causeway in Kuwait which opened models, are important tools Hewson has explains: “For off-site to work well the May 2019. This included temporary invested in, in recent years, with these designer needs to consider not just the works design for lifting precast pile cap types of projects in mind. Potential permanent state, but how individual shells and 60m deck girders (steel and clashes can be identified early and elements are practically connected concrete) weighing up to 1,800t. designed out, rather than suddenly together in-situ, with an appreciation Current projects include Cross-Bay appearing on site. of tolerances and temporary works. We Link in Hong Kong, where Hewson’s The use of simple scale models has have the team which can bring that whole proposal for precasting entire piers is proved particularly successful in terms of package together”.

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Constructing Hinkley Point C’s cooling system is no ordinary tunnelling job, it must be done to nuclear standards. Meanwhile consultant Plandescil is helping its more traditional clients adapt to technological change and engineers explore fund ﬂ ood defences

TUNNELLING GETS UNDERWAY AT HINKLEY POINT/ PAGE 46 SME INTERVIEW: PLANDESCIL / PAGE 50 WHITE PAPER: FUNDING FLOOD DEFENCES / PAGE 52

JANUARY 2020 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 45 Innovative Thinking A view of the installed segments at the start of PRECISION one of the intake tunnels DRIVE Tunnelling for the outfall and intake systems at Hinkley Point C’s technically demanding nuclear power station is now underway. Catherine Kennedy reports.

n the ground at Hinkley Point C in lead Rob Bermingham. Somerset, there KEY FACTS “The tunnel has been the star of HINKLEY is construction the show on every project I’ve ever Tunnel activity going on worked on. Here it’s just one of three.” POINT C heads 120,000 everywhere you NNB GenCo was set up by client Intake pipes: look. Giant cranes tower over the first Litres per EDF Energy to build and operate the OUTFALL 3.5km Outall pipe: 1.8km of two reactor bases while a traffic second capacity nuclear power station. O INTAKE HINKLEY N light system indicates when it is safe of tunnels POINT C to cross the various walkways. A TUNNELS 1km newly constructed 760m-long wall sits 38,000 BEATRICE, EMMELINE between the site and the sea. AND MARY Beneath this surface activity, more Total number The tunnels will be bored by three is happening with the construction of of tunnel lining Herrenknecht earth pressure Water intake the tunnels that will transport water balance tunnel boring machines TUNNEL segments to be HEAD used to cool the reactor in and out of installed (TBMs) from Germany. Two hundred the site. and fifty primary schools across Contractor Balfour Beatty started Somerset were invited to suggest the 12 month tunnelling programme inspirational women to name the at the nuclear power station in TBMs after. The winners were September. The tunnels will have the Beatrice, after aeronautical engineer capacity to transfer 120,000 litres of cooling water per second, and not one but three will run under the Bristol Channel – 3.5km-long intake tunnels 1 and 2 run 33m below the 33m Bristol Channel 120,000 seabed and one 1.8km outfall tunnel Tunnels: l/s capacity runs 24m below the seabed. Someone told Outfall tunnel 24m “It’s difficult to put qualifiers on Intake tunnels 33m 38,000 this but someone told me this is the me this is the below the seabed Tunnel lining segments biggest cooling system in the world,” biggest cooling system 12 month says Nuclear New Build Generation Tunnelling project Company (NNB GenCo) tunnelling in the world 46 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 “ Beatrice Shilling; Emmeline, after women’s rights activist Emmeline One of the Pethick-Lawrence; and Mary, after amazing things world-renowned fossil dealer and palaeontologist Mary Anning. about this project is Each tunnel will take 12 months to construct. Mary has so far completed as much thought has 100m of intake tunnel 1, run by 12 operators, along with supporting to go into it being teams at the surface. “ The 1,200t machine can bore at a dismantled as building maximum rate of 120mm per minute. The tunnels will be lined with a total of 38,000 concrete segments cast at a facility in nearby Avonmouth. It operates 24/7, casting one segment a 46m deep shaft. The intake tunnels every 10 minutes. TBMs are lowered into a shaft and “You talk about 38,000 segments then bored down an incline parallel to and it makes it sound easy but it’s the sloping shoreline before levelling 38,000 nuclear concrete pours,” out under the seabed. The tunnels says Balfour Beatty project director run through Blue Lias, a mixture of Alistair Geddes. Nuclear concrete is mudstone, mudrock, limestone and subject to rigourous quality checks water. There are several faults along to ensure that mixes and finishes are the alignments, some places have a flawless and consistent. much younger geology than others. “So, if you think it’s a nuclear concrete poured 38,000 times you OFFSHORE CHALLENGES change your mentality.” The heads are cast at Avonmouth, The tunnels are connected to the transported down the Bristol Channel seabed via vertical shafts up to 40m by barge, then lowered to the seabed deep. The shafts are capped with by floating cranes, which have to huge heads which open to allow be closely controlled in the choppy water to pass in and out. The largest Bristol Channel. “To keep these heads are 44m long and around 8m cranes in position we’re constantly high and weight just over 5,000t. monitoring because it’s not flat,” Holes were drilled in the seabed Geddes says. last year to accommodate the heads, The team was limited to a six- HINKLEY after an Ordinance Survey to check month period for the offshore Tunnel for UXBs. When work is complete, works which include dredging to POINT C heads caps on the heads will be removed to accommodate the tunnel heads, with Intake pipes: allow water from the Bristol Channel operations only possible for a few OUTFALL 3.5km Outall pipe: to flood the power station. hours each day at low tide. The heads 1.8km It is the world’s first nuclear grade are lowered to a tolerance of 1m, a INTAKE HINKLEY POINT C N tunnel. “And what that means,” requirement which is complicated by TUNNELS 1km says Bermingham, “is that the sea conditions, tides and visibility, specifications by which we work are but the team is undertaking studies to onerous to say the least.” reduce this as much as possible. Normal tunnel deviation tolerances This is more of a hypothetical limit Water intake for projects like Crossrail or the given the weather conditions in the TUNNEL Channel Tunnel are about 10mm. Severn Estuary over the autumn and HEAD At Hinkley, they are less than 5mm. winter months as difficult conditions “These are water pipes bringing vast get even harder in choppy seas and amounts of water in a very, very high wind. speed and any fluctuations in the specification will create turbulence,” BURIAL PLANS Bermingham explains. Normally in such projects, expensive “Turbulence reduces the head component parts are reused but this by which we can feed the cooling is not possible at Hinkley Point. The systems and the pumps and the circumference diameter of the TBM pump house.” is slightly larger than the completed 33m Bristol Channel 120,000 Similarly, bolt pockets will be filled tunnel so its three front sections – Tunnels: l/s capacity to maintain a clean line and minimise including the cutter head – will be Outfall tunnel 24m turbulence, while vents on the sides buried in the seabed with the nine Intake tunnels 33m 38,000 of heads will minimise the intake of backup sections removed through the below the seabed Tunnel lining segments debris and so minimise the velocity of tunnel. 12 month intake currents. “One of the amazing things about Tunnelling project A traditional launch method is this project is as much thought has used for the outfall tunnel TBMs via to go into it being dismantled as

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 47 Innovative Thinking

It’s the biggest site I’ve ever worked on, but we are launching in a very, “very constrained area building it,” Bermingham says. The team has planned for the future, with lifting eyes installed in the heads so they can be raised to the surface for checks when required. “The tunnels are designed to be self- cleaning, but you can guarantee at some stage that someone’s going to have to cap it off, empty it out, maybe to do an inspection check,” explains Bermingham. “It’s a 125-year design life, but it has to go through a certain amount of checking. All of that for people that probably haven’t been born yet.” “We need to minimise that as much as possible through design,” adds Geddes. “The thought of putting divers out into the Bristol Channel where you can’t see your hand in front of your face… We’ve got to be keeping people safe for the next 90 TBM components 4D modelling has helped meet NUCLEAR CONCRETE years.” are transported these specifications, allowing clashes REVOLUTION The project team is keeping people to site by barge to be identified and dealt with in the While nuclear concrete has been safe now as well, with measures to segment production process. poured before, it has never been prevent a similar nuclear disaster “The amount of detail just to build used in lining segments. Quality to Fukushima Daiichi which was these things, I’ve never seen building control has been vital, with several swamped by a tsunami in 2011. At information modelling (BIM) to checks to ensure each batch is made Hinkley, the sea wall is 13.5m high that level before,” explains Geddes. to the specified mix. Eight different and the platform height of the reactor “Normally you start a job not 100% mixes have been used to account reaches 14m. The reactor itself sure how you’re going to finish it. for temperature variations between has will have four backup systems, Here we’ve actually done the whole seasons. “The segments will get each completely different. Diesel modelling and worked out how we’re hotter in the summer and colder in generators are watertight, providing going to build it.” the winter so you need to make sure another backup. Meanwhile, virtual reality (VR) the curing times are right for that,” has been used in TBM training – Geddes explains. INNOVATION operatives put on goggles to look Completion is expected in 2023 and Much is happening at Hinkley and around the virtual TBM before in the meantime, Beatrice, Emmeline working areas are often constrained getting on board the real thing. At and Mary will bore on. N by other construction operations. Avonmouth, VR has also been used “It’s the biggest site I’ve ever as a safety tool to talk about the worked on, but we are launching likes of lifting activities. A halo light in a very, very constrained area has also been introduced to beam I’ve never because the interfaces are so tight an exclusion zone onto the ground, seen building here,” Bermingham says. “The other indicating the position of the internal thing is this quality layer that goes concrete-transporting system called information modelling on top – the specification by which the bullet rail. This keeps up with the the segments are produced and the fast-moving bullet better than the to that level of detail specifications by which they are previous manual halo zone. actually installed.” “before 48 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 Safety... By Designers Site safety begins with your design.

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n the cutting-edge world of just the high value ones. engineering technology, clients “Being out in Norfolk, it’s really are demanding digital solutions KEY FACTS difficult, because a lot of the client that provide reams of data base doesn’t understand, or have a to help them make better 43 need to use, the end product that you decisions. get from [all] services. Sometimes In the real world of engineering, Size of you still have to use traditional Ithose clients exist, but at the same Plandescil methods to create the traditional 2D time, there are still clients who ask team drawing for them to work with,” says for reams of paper in the form of 2D Plandescil director of projects Olly drawings instead. Jones. It is a clash the small, Norfolk- “At the other end of the scale, based multidisciplinary consultant the big clients that we work with Plandescil has to carefully navigate, expect us to work with BIM [building that that’s a standard service. So, as its client base ranges from information modelling]. It is quite we have to do a lot of explaining as domestic residents planning kitchen difficult to have to explain to the well as trying to keep abreast of new extensions to huge energy firms older clients and the generations technologies for bigger clients.” seeking innovative designs for that don’t want to use a 3D model “When we have introduced newer complex projects. services and shown them [older The firm has six Civil Aviation clients] what we can do, actually a lot Authority trained engineers who fly of them say they say that’s a really company-owned drones. These range good thing.” from smaller drones for monitoring, A lot of the Plandescil does appreciate that recording and photogrammetry to adapting to new technology is not more expensive bigger versions, used client base always easy, drawing on its own for scanning and generating models. experience of 43 people based in the The firm has also invested in more doesn’t understand, or small market town of Attleborough. common technology like ground Unlike the huge consultancies which penetrating radar and laser scanners. have a need to use, the have global networks of offices and An important part of its engineers’ end product that you support, Jones says its transition to roles is communicating how this new data driven technology involved technology can help all clients, not “ a lot of trial and error and late-night get from all services

50 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 READ MORE INNOVATIVE THINKING ARTICLES AT NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/INNOVATIVE-THINKING

further develop.” The family Notable engineering projects the company has undertaken include a wanted to give new £9M lifeboat station for the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) at the company back to St Davids in Wales, which Plandescil worked on with contractor Bam people who had been Nuttall. Plandescil undertook the civil engineering design including the steel there a long time design, reinforced concrete design, “ pile and pile caps design, temporary works and marine engineering – with undertaking an apprenticeship with the added complexity of working the firm and then going on to do a on rocks going into the sea. When part time degree in civil engineering. the work was undertaken in 2011, Today he heads up a 13-strong team Plandescil was implementing BIM overseeing projects and emerging Level 2. technology. He first met one of the “We were approached by Bam team when they were 13 years old Nuttall who we work with a lot, and and came to do work experience. the RNLI, as part of a collaborative Built on apprentices and training, design between the three parties. The the company takes on many 16 to 18 RNLI knew what it wanted, we knew year olds. All six directors are from how to design it and Bam knew how locally hired graduate and apprentice it was going to build it and work with intake and it has won awards for its the temporary works. It was a difficult apprenticeships. build as well as design process,” says Julian Riley and his father Roderick Jones. founded the consultant in 1979. More recently it has undertaken Today it has an employee ownership the complex engineering design work structure similar to that of John for client Farm Renewables which Lewis, with shares held in a staff has built an anaerobic digestion plant trust. Jones is one of six directors. near Chichester, West Sussex. Much of the work is local The big challenge for the civil to Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex and engineering design team was to come Cambridgeshire, but the firm works up with a solution to the problem on projects all over the country. of the site’s proximity to a ground It is multi-disciplinary, covering source drinking water protection civil, structural, environmental and zone owned by Portsmouth Water. surveying work. It works out of two There was no way drinking water neighbouring, semi-detached houses, could be contaminated as a result of but top of the list for the near future the work. Other engineers had tried is to move to bigger premises. and failed to get the design for the “The family wanted to give the calls to the United States where drone Jones: Educating plant passed. company back to people who had companies and firms processing smaller clients However, Jones and his team been there a long time. The best drone data were based. But, he says, about digital decided to design the plant to way for them to do it … was through it was worth it as the firm is now technology containment standard Ciria C736, the employee ownership,” explains Jones. well established in its technology highest containment specification, The staff trust took out a loan to offerings. undertaking a fully concrete design buy the company from its founders, “What I have tried to do is get the with a double waterproofing system. and the debt paid back within four team trained for the job that it is “It had to have a state of the art years. There is now a pot of shares doing so it can move forward and containment design. This involved that sits within a trust. No one owns mentor [others],” adds Jones. lots of discussions with Portsmouth the shares, they are company- “For example, if a technician can fly Water, and detailed drawings and owned and profits then shared by all a drone and we’re doing a structural photos as to how it would be built, employees. survey, then the technician goes with how the containment design details Jones says the firm still has some the structural engineer and they are fitted together, showing them in a of the same clients who backed the then learning from the structural way they could understand and being business when it was set up, and engineer what the engineer would like technically correct,” says Jones. today he and his team work to ensure to see from using the drone. They’re Jones’ own story is similar to that those clients are brought into the actually progressing at the same time. many of the Plandescil staff. He age of digital engineering, as well as It helped a lot of members of staff has been with the firm for 14 years, the firm. N

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 51 White Paper: Flood Defence Funding PROTECTION MONEY

DEBATE BACKGROUND

£1bn £792M 60% Annual amount Government Proportion of fl ood Environment spend on fl ooding defence funding Agency says and coastal risk spent in London and must be spent management in the South East on fl ood and 2018/19 coastal defences

In association with Devastating floods have left thousands homeless and caused billions of pounds of damage in recent years, hitting areas of Cumbria, Yorkshire and Somerset especially hard. Immediate and competing draws on local authority budgets, make the case for investment in flood risk management difficult despite the far-reaching impacts. Margo Cole investigates.

nce again, many Climate change parts of the UK hit is increasing by serious flooding flood risks this autumn. It disrupted services and caused misery to householders. This time around, Othe worst affected areas were South Yorkshire and the Midlands, but few parts of the nation have been immune, with flood warnings in force everywhere from south west England to Aberdeenshire. Prolonged heavy rain caused the flooding. In some parts of the UK more than half a month’s worth of rain fell in just one day in November, a month in which most areas experienced above average rainfall. While the circumstances may be exceptional, the result is not. Almost the right solution? It’s not creating (Ciwem) chief executive Terry Fuller. every year flooding hits the headlines community resilience.” “Climate change is driving us to be in the UK, whether it is the result Association of Drainage Authorities more proactive.” of autumn storms, high tides or (ADA) chief executive Innes Thomson In her introduction to the Draft torrential summer downpours. adds: “As a country we’re absolutely National Flood and Coastal Erosion Understandably, these events are fabulous at dealing with a problem Risk Management Strategy for followed by calls from the affected when it arises; and successive England, published earlier this year, communities for something to be governments have decided that’s Environment Agency chair Emma done to prevent it happening again. the best economic solution to follow. Howard Boyd says: “Climate change And often this is what happens. After But elsewhere, [governments] are increases the risks [of flooding],” the 2007 floods – in which 13 people proactive, because economically they adding: “It is not realistic to try to died, more than 55,000 homes and would be in a very serious situation if manage more increasingly intense businesses were affected and 17,000 something happened.” flooding and sea level rise with families had to leave their homes – a Climate change means flooding limitlessly high walls and barriers.” major programme of flood defence is set to increase over the coming The Environment Agency estimates construction was initiated. In the years, making the traditional reactive that, as a nation, we should be following 10 years the government approach even less tenable. spending an average of at least invested £3.1bn in projects to reduce “Scientists tell us that our ability to £1bn a year on flooding and coastal flood risk, including 1,176 new flood respond is going to get less and less,” change infrastructure over the next defences. says Chartered Institution of Water 50 years to mitigate the impacts of But such a reactive policy may not and Environmental Management climate change. But it says the cost be sustainable. “What you have at the of becoming resilient to flooding and moment is a situation where there is coastal change should be spread a flood event in which communities Climate change between “government, business and are flooded, and then you see funding people”, by promoting sustainable [for flood alleviation projects] is driving us to investment in infrastructure, housing straight afterwards,” says Aecom and the environment. regional director Fay Bull. “Is that be more proactive It also anticipates that money “ JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 53 White Paper Flood Defence Funding

Partnership funding has AT THE ROUND TABLE always been a bit of This report is based on a round table discussion Priscilla Haselhurst flood drainage and special a public authority held in London during New Civil Engineer’s Future projects officer, Medway Council of Floods conference in November. The discussion Owen Davies flood risk manager, Royal Borough merry-go-round was held in association with Aecom. Around the of Greenwich “ table were: Paul Shaffer associate (water management), Ciria Innes Thomson chief executive, Association of should be spent differently. Jonathan Glerum regional flood risk manager, Drainage Authorities “Traditionally, investment has been Anglian Water Terry Fuller chief executive, Chartered Institution targeted at new flood and coastal Mark Stratton coastal policy strategy & of Water and Environmental Management infrastructure and its subsequent environment team manager, Eastern Solent Coastal Martin Williamson government & public sector lead maintenance,” he said. Partnership for water, Aecom “While this will remain very Jonathan Moxon flood risk manager, Leeds City Jonathan Short associate, Aecom important, we’ll need a wider range Council Graham Knott regional director, water resources, of tools for creating climate resilient Alex Nickson water resources and growth lead, Aecom places. In combination, natural flood Thames Water Fay Bull regional director, water, ports & power, management offers opportunities Anthony Fernihough profession head (pumps and Aecom to slow, store or filter floodwaters, drainage), Transport for London Mark Hansford editor, New Civil Engineer while community resilience and preparedness can help individuals and communities recover after a partnership funding does work; but if but it takes a lot of time and a lot of flooding or coastal event.” it’s a small surface water scheme, it resources, and years of planning to This shift in emphasis away doesn’t work.” get to the delivery stage,” he says. from government-funded, hard One of the problems associated “We have a lot of problems aligning infrastructure, such as sea defences with the partnership funding model the timescales.” and flood walls, reflects a change in is aligning timescales, says Thomson. The ESCP was formed in 2012 the way flood risk mitigation measures “Partnership funding has always been between Fareham Borough Council, have been paid for in recent years. a bit of a public authority merry-go- Gosport Borough Council, Havant In the past, flood defence projects round, and we have not completely Borough Council and Portsmouth were largely funded from a national broken into private sector funding for City Council. It brings together all budget. But in 2011, the government this yet,” he says. of their specialist coastal officers changed the system to a “partnership” “One of the reasons is the 12 month and engineers to manage 162km of approach, aimed at encouraging more cycle for [government-funded] grant coastline. By pooling their resources, local contributions to flood defence in aid versus the private sector the councils have created a large, schemes in the hope that this would saying they are going to put some specialist engineering team and result in more flood defence projects money into a project in three or four developed the expertise to act as going ahead, at lower cost. years’ time.” a broker for negotiating public and The government – through Eastern Solent Coastal Partnership private sector contributions. the Environment Agency – still (ESCP) coastal policy strategy and While the partnership has been contributes to flood risk mitigation environment team manager Mark successful in attracting public and projects, but the amount of funding Stratton agrees. “The principle of private contributions, Stratton depends on the level and type of partnership funding does work, is concerned that the outcome benefits the scheme provides. This measures used to determine the level is measured in terms of, for example, of government funding might match the number of households protected, local priorities. or the amount of damage prevented. FURTHER INFORMATION “When we develop a scheme, If the government fails to provide the we start with the price and map all full cost of a project, local authorities the benefits it can deliver; then we and communities can still go ahead Carbon Brief’s analysis Defra’s latest breakdown with it, but have to find the remainder where government spends on flood defence spending of the funding themselves, for example, flood cash Search FCERM statistics from developers or local businesses. www.carbonbrief.org publication, September Going back to Anglian Water regional flood risk 2019 manager Jonathan Glerum says Local Government [projects being] partnership funding works well in Association explainer on 100% funded might certain circumstances: “If you’ve where floods come from got a big coastal or fluvial scheme, stifle creativity 54 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 “ We’ve got Major flood defence schemes the way we’re are often built reactively measured driving our behaviour

“map all the beneficiaries,” explains Stratton. “Partnership funding stops that, because of the outcome measures.” Glerum says the Environment Agency’s outcome measures are actually “outputs”, not “outcomes”. For a local community, the outcome of any project may be to create a better or healthier place to live, or more local employment. Flood risk mitigation measures can be used to help achieve these wider benefits, but they may not receive government funding because they fail CASE STUDY: NOTTINGHAM to match the stated output criteria such as the number of homes to be protected from flooding. Nottingham City Council is delivering a bold risk management scheme to protect properties in Leeds City Council flood risk urban river restoration project, enriching the local Old Basford. But the project faced a significant manager Jonathan Moxon says: environment for nature and the community while funding shortfall. “Our default for anything other reducing flood risk to over 140 households. Nottingham City Council, in conjunction with than heavily residential risk-based Derby City Council, successfully secured European schemes is to look at other ways The Day Brook Blue Green Infrastructure scheme Regional Development Funding from the D2N2 to get funding – like Section 106 demonstrates the benefits of embracing a creative Local Enterprise Partnership to deliver Blue Green agreements, or through Network Rail approach to partnership funding for flood risk Infrastructure at 13 sites, including along the Day or Highways England – because that’s management. It also shows the power of collaboration Brook. The funding aims to improve urban open easier than meeting the Environment between delivery partners and stakeholders to deliver spaces to support greater habitat diversity, as well Agency/Department for the a rich, multiple benefit scheme. as enabling people to be more connected to nature, Environment, Food and Rural Affairs The community of Old Basford will benefit from making Nottingham and Derby more attractive business case.” reduced flood risk, while the wider community can places for businesses and citizens. Aecom government and public enjoy improved parks with enhanced catchment The European Regional Development Fund sector lead for water Martin connectivity, a rich network of habitats, improved (ERDF) provided match funding for FDGiA money Williamson is concerned that local public access and educational and health and a total of £3M was secured for the Day Brook authorities relying on Environment opportunities linked to habitat creation. scheme. Agency funding for flood schemes Nottingham has a long history of flooding, with Property, construction and infrastructure may be forced to choose projects at least seven flood events between 2009 and consultancy Perfect Circle (in which Aecom is that may not give the overall best 2019. In recent years, the worst flooding was in a partner) and contractor Balfour Beatty were outcomes for their communities. July 2013 when intense rain caused widespread appointed under the Scape Framework. The “We’ve got the way we’re measured flooding in urban areas, including the Day Brook collaborative client-consultant-contractor delivery driving our behaviour,” he says. catchment where many properties in Old Basford team brought together a range of skills and But Bull thinks the fact that flood were flooded. technologies to deliver a highly technical multi- mitigation projects are rarely 100% The Day Brook is entirely urbanised, culverted disciplinary solution. government funded these days can be and canalised. Within 30 minutes of intense rainfall The ERDF funding offered a unique opportunity positive. the Brook can reach critical levels, providing little for the catchment, with a move away from “The current funding situation time for authorities to respond or for warnings traditional flood defence and a focus on making does drive us to think differently to be issued to the community. With climate space for water. The final solution optimises and to think creatively,” she says, change, the risk of flash flooding from the Brook is existing flood storage in the upstream catchment adding that engineers should be predicted to increase. and restores the brook to a more natural course thinking more about issues such as In 2014, Flood Defence Grant in Aid (FDGiA) through a network of linear parks, creating a “place” and wellbeing. “Going back to funding was allocated by the Department for the meandering channel, wetlands and scrapes with [projects being] 100% funded might Environment, Food and Rural Affairs for a flood improved footpaths and access. stifle creativity.” N

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 55 Innovative Thinking nuVa Enterprises SHARED SENSIBILITY Rich collaboration media emulating human behaviour is fundamental to the digitally transformed organisation.

ith a plethora of disciplinary team will be dispersed digital applications geographically, so we need a way to share it may be difficult these documents over a rich enough to understand medium to avoid the constant delays always “sits over” the relevant data in the precisely of geographical meetings where it is most natural way. All this can what digital common to have key people absent. These now be achieved remotely saving time transformation means in the context decision-making delays have major cost and associated cost but also improving Wof the construction or manufacturing implications. safety, innovation, carbon footprint and industries. In the same way that three dimensional work/life balance. It is now well understood that building models are easier to understand as we These systems have been built based information modelling (BIM) and other live in that three dimensional world, we on an improved understanding of how 3D cognitive models help the human collaborate best at a “natural meeting”, for humans have evolved over millions of mind better conceive a particular project. this is how our social activity, bodies and years from a “campfire drawing pictures Unsurprisingly this is because we live minds have evolved over millions of years. in the sand” social collaboration meeting in a three-dimensional world and three Sponsored academic research has that often decided survival itself, and dimensions are natural and easier to validated the fact that the more “natural” this is the same type of meeting that still understand. In psychology terms this the medium of collaboration the better pertains today. understanding is called cognition and is the cognition. This means that if we Software company nuVa deliberately very relevant to the industry for safety electronically emulate a round table recreates this type of meeting at the and cost reasons. collaborative meeting with people human machine interface, which in turn Digital transformation is not merely and artefacts we then deliver optimal creates a remote medium of understanding about digital models existing in one collaborative cognition so we “get” each which is richer than any other. place, the modern programme or project other better. Such systems are on the Software designed by nuVa provides requires the electronic circulation of market now and can radically reshape the best way to collaborate anywhere these models to all participants so business efficiency and provide a platform and creates a platform that can move that collaborative decisions may be for the circulation of all digital models, any digital model around to any affiliated immediately made by experts, ideally secondly and to significantly provide the party electronically, while allowing people without travel. These days the multi- human decision making element that to sit over the visualised data and come to

56 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH NUVA ENTERPRISES

Three dimensional models are easier to understand as we live in a “three dimensional world

of any aforementioned digital models and the rich interface that allows people to collaborate over the information remotely. For any business or programme these new technologies mean the migration away from the hub and spoke programme model or the hierarchical model towards the “workflow model” , that is if there is an issue on the workflow, then the business may collaborate immediately using remote experts to fix any particular process blockage. nuVa believes its software is of major importance for the design/build/operate process and its associated digital thread and digital twin, which in turn integrates into the supply chain. The cognitive organisation depends on “flow”, the flow of collaborative knowledge, the flow of collaborative decision making. The nuVa collaborative decisions immediately. This Software in broad context immediately from collaboration medium is the “cognitive means all the data can be circulated and developed by anywhere in the world in a richer way flow enabler” allowing knowledge and shared immediately in full context and all nuVa enables than ever before. decision making to be immediately applied the participants escape from the thought people to The safety and sustainability benefits to any client or project issues. constraining “desktop cage” and can view share project are clear; but not only this, the system Circulating the knowledge embedded the data just as though they were huddled information leaps from communicating with a in the digital models over rich around the table in the same room. across different hotchpotch of media including paper, collaboration platforms allows the new Using digital images and computer locations in a e-mails, pictures and face to face digital organisation or programme to tend applications, nuVa puts all remote wide range of meetings to pure digital. It creates a toward an “intelligent mesh” rather like collaborative worldwide end points or formats platform for full digital operations that a brain with the knowledge centres as offices on precisely the same page; can circulate models and provide the neurons and the rich communications links moving a document or an application at collaborative human interface that is as the synapses; clearly if a synapse is weak, one end moves it immediately at all other always required to make decisions on the the organisational brain will not work well ends while synchronously seeing people visualised data provided. This is digital and competitive disadvantage ensues. over video with audio, that is just like a transformation in action. In conclusion it is clear that these natural meeting with people, artefacts On the nuVa platform we can technologies move the industry away and documents, yet at distance. The circulate, collaborate and innovate over: from an old-fashioned serial way arrangement delivers one true version digital twins, digital thread, block chain, of working to a new parallel way of that is the same for all collaborating design/build/operate process, additive immediate expert decision making; the parties thus eliminating communication manufacturing, Internet of Things, big likely impact may well be expected to errors and rework. data, 5G edge access, or any technology shave from 5% to 25% from programme The benefit that the nuVa system enabling the digital revolution. Such a time and cost. We can also expect delivers is that knowledge workers can platform is the glue that holds together reductions in the tangible costs of travel, collaborate remotely, and immediately on the people element that interprets the major carbon footprint reductions, as well complex CAD and associated documents, digital data. It allows immediate circulation as an improved work/life balance.

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 57 Marsh Industries Leaders in oﬀ-mains drainage products

Ultra:PolylokTM Marsh:MaratorTM Advanced commercial Oil separators sewage treatment plants High performance full retention oil Bespoke designs with optional tank separators for sites where “industry sizes ranging from Ø1.9-3m satisfying standard” is just not good enough the demands of all site conditions

GEORGE MCFADZEN MORGAN SINDALL

New Civil Engineer

PUT YOURSELF IN FRONT OF 48,000 INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS CONTACT FRANCIS BARHAM 020 3953 2912 | [email protected] IN PARTNERSHIP Innovative Thinking WITH ANCHOR SYSTEMS HOLDING POSITION Anchor Systems has achieved a mechanical ground anchor load record in Cannock.

Top left: ussex-based Anchor Systems glacial deposits. Based on SPT “N” the opportunity for onsite training in the Acceptability (International) recently values of 40, it was predicted that the safe and correct use of the installation and testing –install designed and supplied load requirements could be achieved load locking equipment. Amey’s staff were and proof testing a driven ground anchor Top right: with its AS-300 and AS-400 Vulcan therefore able to install the anchors within solution to support sheet AS-400 installed Earth Anchors. their own timescales and avoid the need for piled retaining walls for the through sheet Extensive site testing was carried outsourced specialist contractors. Mill Green Outlet Village in Cannock. piled wall out to confirm the anchor performance The high working loads meant that SThe overall designers of the scheme, Bottom left: predicted from the ground model. The Anchor Systems (International) was Staffordshire Highways, working Live anchors initial acceptability testing utilised the the only driven anchor supplier capable with Amey, had specified the load insitu AS-400 and managed to achieve a of meeting the design requirements. requirements for these retaining Bottom right: maximum 425kN, making it the highest Careful choice of anchor materials meant structures and provided extensive ground Bespoke angled load ever achieved with a driven ground the specified 120 year design life was investigation data. load plate anchor in the UK. This maximum test economically achieved. As Vulcan Earth Using this data, Anchor Systems load was restricted by the safe structural Anchors require no grout or other wet (International) developed a design ground capacity of the anchor components, not trades, the anchors were fulfilling their model with the anchors embedded at by geotechnical failure of the ground. intended purpose immediately after a depth of approximately 7m in dense The testing programme also provided installation.

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 59 IN PARTNERSHIP Innovative Thinking WITH STANTEC MERGING TO GROW Peter Brett Associates is completing its integration with Stantec in 2020.

ive years ago, Peter Brett Associates (PBA) defined its ambition for growth and set out a plan that would guarantee progression from a successful UK limited liability partnership to a top-tier global Fconsultancy. Today it can look back on that plan, knowing its ambition has been realised.

JOINING STANTEC In 2020, PBA will officially join Stantec, an international consultancy of over 22,000 employees in 400 locations spanning six continents. “We have been using our technical skills to create value for our clients, and the communities in which we work, for over 50 years,” commented PBA managing director Paul Reilly. “During that time, we’ve grown to a consultancy of 800 employees based throughout the UK and Europe by being client-focused and embedded in our communities. We want this growth to continue; to be able to create more social and commercial value through projects for our clients and more opportunities for our people. PBA managing 1,700 UK STAFF “We were fortunate to have the director Paul GREAT FIT PBA signed a letter of intent to join freedom to choose how we wanted to Reilly: creating “By joining Stantec we’re now part of a Stantec in May 2018 and will officially grow and we are confident in our decision more social and leading consultancy that is working on commercial value complete its integration in early 2020. to align our future with Stantec’s. By some of the most successful engineering Stantec is already the leader in the UK joining forces, we are establishing a projects around the globe, protecting water sector, after acquiring MWH business that can overcome any challenge. communities from the impacts of climate in 2016. The merger with PBA will We are ambitious for ourselves, but also change, creating new cities and major create a consultancy with over 1,700 for our clients and our industry. transport infrastructure, delivering new people working in integrated regional “Most importantly, we have put our houses and energy generating plants. teams across the UK to plan, design, clients and our people at the heart of our Most importantly, Stantec is a great fit. deliver and manage the development growth plans and, as Stantec, we will be Not only do we share growth ambitions and infrastructure needed to support able to continue to create communities fit for the UK but we also hold the same sustainable, healthy and prosperous for the future where people want to live, values and focus on community.” communities. work and play.”

60 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 Innovation News NEW INNOVATIONS THAT WILL TRANSFORM YOUR PROJECTS NEWCIVILENGINEER.COM/INNOVATIVE-THINKING

STRUCTURES 1,000T BRIDGE INSTALLED FOR LUTON AIRPORT LINK

A 1,000t bridge has been lowered into place for Luton Airport’s Direct Air-Rail Transit (Dart) project connecting the airport with Luton Airport Parkway railway station. The 80m span steel truss structure was constructed offline and installed across the main road into the terminal area. The bridge was constructed offline, and driven 500m to site where it was lifted onto abutments on either side of the road. The move, which was planned using computer simulation tools, took two hours. When it is operational in 2021, the £225M Luton Dart will transport travellers to the airport via a cable-driven autonomous transportation system.

TRANSPORT RAIL STRUCTURES WIRELESS ARUP TO TEST MACE DEVELOPS NEW OFFSITE AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE VIABILITY OF DIGITAL TECH CONSTRUCTION TOOL CHARGING COMES HYDROGEN TO THE UK TRAINS

Wireless electric vehicle (EV) Arup is to undertake a charging is to be introduced in feasibility study for running the UK in the coming months. hydrogen powered trains on the The new technology was UK’s rail network. The Rail developed by London-based Safety & Standards Board has Connected Kerb with Magment, appointed the consultant to an induction technology develop a “route map to enter specialist based in Germany. It service” for hydrogen-powered will charge vehicles parked trains on the country’s rail above induction pads installed network. The government Mace has unveiled a “next construction method and is beneath roads, removing the wants to replace all diesel-only generation” construction estimated to cut construction need for drivers to use charging trains by 2040. Arup will work method, combining offsite times by 25%, vehicle cables. Wireless/induction with train manufacturers, manufacturing with digital movements by 40% and waste by charging points will be delivered regulators, rolling stock owners technology to cut construction up to 70%. The method uses across sites including on-street and train operators to times and waste. The new parametric modelling tools and residential, car parks, public determine what is needed to roll technique has evolved from artificial intelligence to generate service parking and taxi ranks. out hydrogen-powered trains. Mace’s existing “jump factory” more efficient work programmes.

NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 61 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

ICE Coackley to represent UK on global engineers body

ICE past president Richard Coackley has become the new UK representative for the World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO). In November, Coackley was part of an ICE delegation of UK representatives at the WFEO General Assembly, held in Australia in conjunction with the World Engineers Convention. Both conferences focused on delivering the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2020 ICE members could be struck The WFEO has also confirmed off if they fail to file CPD records that the ICE will host the Committee on Engineering and PROFESSION the Environment (CEE) up to 2023. It provides an opportunity for the institution to align and promote its work following the Rise in CPD submissions ahead Global Engineering Congress in 2018. Davide Stronati is the new of non-compliance sanctions CEE chair, taking over from ICE Past President Jean Venables. Ninety-one percent of ICE CPD to a high standard. The ICE and Engineering Council During her term, Venables members selected for this ICE will seek to share examples regulations. They will then be focused CEE efforts on year’s Continuing Professional of good practice with the given a final opportunity to addressing SDG 13 on climate Development (CPD) audit wider membership as well as submit their CPD records within action. CEE members regularly submitted their records, a 15% increasing communication to three months. and actively attended the United increase on last year. members about the benefits of Members failing to submit Nations Framework Convention This is ahead of the ICE CPD recording. their records after the final on Climate Change Conference introduction of sanctions for The ICE is to increase request will be removed from of the Parties meetings to CPD audit non-compliance in its pool of CPD auditors to the ICE membership roll and promote the engineering 2020. accommodate an expected Engineering Council Register. perspective on mitigating and This year’s audit found increase in the audit sample size Other member grades are adapting to climate uncertainty. that 93% of members that as a result of the introduction of expected to record their CPD submitted their CPD records sanctions against those who fail as part of their learning and were found to have adequately to submit records. development. demonstrated their professional From January 2020, ICE Guidance is available for development. Members and Fellows failing those needing help with This shows that members to submit their CPD records recording their CPD. are engaging with the ICE CPD to the ICE after two written Templates for members’ 2019 cycle and effectively planning, requests will receive a formal personal development records implementing and recording letter from the vice president, can be found within the ICE CPD their CPD. membership. Guidance. According to the audit, many This will remind them l For further advice members are consistently of their obligation to submit and questions, email Coackley: New engineering role recording and evaluating their CPD records as stipulated in [email protected].

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EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD MUST DELIVER ‘BETTER’ Rachel Skinner (chair), Bill Grose, Alan Clucas, Andrew Mylius, Martin Knights, Mike Napier, Miles Ashley, Rob Naybour, Tim Chapman, Tony Gates, Zakiyya Adam, Aimi Elias, John Dillon, David Caiden, Fay Fourteen months There is an increasing Bull, Stephen Wells, Simon Creer ago, the ICE hosted Magazine of the the very successful requirement for new Institution of Civil Engineers Global Engineering 1 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AA Congress (GEC), and repurposed infrastructure 020 7222 7722 | www.ice.org.uk attracting thousands of attendees from around the world ICE MEMBERS’ ADDRESS Mak Chai- over 80 countries, CHANGES/ SUBSCRIPTIONS Kwong alongside 18 QUERIES www.ice.org.uk/myice to update your government government and key industry leaders were “ address quickly online. For subscription treated to a preview in late November. An delegations. The ICE queries, please phone 020 7665 had agreed to articulate how to optimise its overview of the programme, why it was created, 2227, or email [email protected] public voice function internationally so that and the 12 guiding principles were presented the Institution continues to lead the global alongside what will be the ICE’s ongoing SUBSCRIPTIONS infrastructure debate. commitment to taking this forward. For subscription queries contact; The 12 months after GEC saw the continued From the initial feedback, the key word of the dsb.net Ltd, 3 Queensbridge, effort of the Institution. Led by Sir Michael programme is “better”. The civil engineering Northampton NN4 7BF Telephone: 01604 828 705 Bear, the steering group on enabling better profession has been delivering infrastructure to infrastructure produced a programme, complete meet societal needs. It is not a question of “how”, All rights reserved © 2019 New Civil with report and resource hub. but “how best” these can be delivered. Indeed, Engineer. Published by EMAP a member This programme will be the ICE’s important this was a question repeatedly raised at the GEC of the Metropolis Group. Metropolis contribution to global infrastructure – what lessons the profession has learned from Group respects the privacy of every development. It looks at how governments can the past mistakes, errors and problems and how person for whom we have personal best prioritise and plan infrastructure to deliver we can pull together insights to plan and deliver data. We comply with data protection the needs of economies and societies, now and infrastructure better. legislation such as the Data Protection Act 1998 and the General Data in the future. With a changing world of rapid “People” or “public confi dence” ranks high in Protection Regulations which regulates urbanisation, demographic shifts, and climate infrastructure delivery. The challenge is for the the processing of data and ensures change, there is an increasing requirement for engineering profession, as technical experts and that your data is processed fairly and new and repurposed infrastructure around problem solvers, to assume the role of managers of lawfully, is kept secure and only that data the world. The programme will contribute the built environment, to devise a logical strategic necessary for any processing is kept. to the global knowledge pool by identifying planning and delivery tool that can achieve the You can see our privacy policy at and exploring common objectives, problems very purpose of the infrastructure, while at the www.metropolis.co.uk/privacy and trends of governments around the world. same time meeting public aspirations. It will also showcase solutions to improve The interactive and collaborative resource Printed by Precision Colour Printing Ltd, Telford. Registered as a newspaper with infrastructure decision-making, while remaining hub features case studies and best practice the Post Offi ce ISSN 0307-7683; Issue cognisant of the “no one-size fi ts all” principle. examples, which will be one of many useful No: 2082. Statements made or opinions The programme was offi cially launched across means when valued experiences can be expressed in New Civil Engineer do the world on 4 December. As Bear says, this elucidated. In 2020, the ICE will continue to seek not necessarily reﬂ ect the views of ICE report is only the beginning, as the discipline partnership and collaborations worldwide to Council or ICE committees of strategic infrastructure planning is moving build and strengthen the resource hub. quickly, with new learning emerging all the time. l Mak Chai-Kwong is ICE vice president Ahead of the formal launch, the Hong Kong international

JANUARY 2020 | NEW CIVIL ENGINEER 63 Institution of Civil Engineers Record

ICE The online hub was launched in November New global best practice hub launched New area of ICE website will include case studies and examples drawn from civil engineering projects around the world.

A new hub that captures and help decision-makers with shares global best practice the challenge of designing for those seeking to deliver and delivering infrastructure better infrastructure has been for the long-term benefits of launched on the ICE’s website. communities around the world. The resource hub is part It offers insights on how of the new Enabling Better best to plan and deliver Infrastructure international infrastructure which achieves the United Nations Office for departments attended launch policy programme, launched in the most effective social and Project Services, management events across the world this early December. economic outcomes. consultant KPMG, law month, in countries including The hub brings together The programme was firm Pinsent Masons, the the UK, Australia, Singapore, case studies, advice and expert developed by the Institution University of Sydney and the South Africa, Dubai and the insight into how governments and a steering group chaired Environmental Change Institute. United States. can undertake the process by Sir Michael Bear. The Infrastructure industry In 2020, the ICE supported of planning and delivering group includes individuals leaders, senior policymakers by its partners and members, infrastructure. from bodies including the and high-level representatives will organise a number of The Enabling Better Organisation for Economic from international business international thought leadership Infrastructure programme will Cooperation & Development, communities and government roundtables to glean further

ICE CONTRACTS PROFESSION Annual disputes New NEC suite of ICE’s first international students reception resolution workshop is contracts targets explains membership benefits to more than at end of January facilities management 200 undergraduates and post graduates

The ICE’s annual Alternative NEC is to publish a new suite The ICE has hosted its inaugural Council Member Blessing Danha, Dispute Resolution (ADR) of contracts in the New Year. International Students Reception originally from Zimbabwe. workshop takes place on 22 It has been developed with the at One Great George Street. It There were also talks about the January 2020 at One Great Institute of Workplace & Facilities was attended by more than 200 Enabling Better Infrastructure George Street. The ICE Dispute Management and is designed international and European Union programme and from the ICE’s Resolution Panel is keen to for facilities management. The undergraduate and postgraduate engineering knowledge division. encourage those with an new main contract is called the students from UK universities. ICE international director Catherine interest in or experience of NEC4 Facilities Management The event showcased services Cole said: “By transferring from dispute resolution to consider Contract. It includes pricing available to members living and student to graduate membership, undertaking the necessary options, an early warning working outside the UK. ICE young engineers will benefit training and to apply for process, provision to deal past President Andrew Wyllie greatly from structured career membership of the register. The with service failures, and a encouraged attendees to grasp support from ICE staff and workshop offers advice from performance table to financially the global opportunities to shape representatives worldwide in experienced dispute resolution incentivise achievement of the future as civil engineers. addition to our online services, practitioners. Visit www.ice.org. service levels. The suite also Speakers included Kenyan ICE as they work towards the “global uk/events/alternative-dispute- includes short contracts, Member Musa Chunge, University professional passport” of becoming resolution-london for more subcontracts associated user College London student Batool incorporated or chartered information. guides and flow charts. Aljufairi from Bahrain, and ICE engineers.”

64 NEW CIVIL ENGINEER | JANUARY 2020 SOUTH WEST VIEW WE MUST CONFRONT CLIMATE CHALLENGE

November 2019 saw How can we as record breaking autumn rainfall, with serious professional engineers fl ooding in the UK. insights into the initiatives to Venice was under inﬂ uence how we achieve a improve infrastructure planning water on each high genuinely sustainable approach and delivery around the world. tide. The United States Discussions will be captured Peter Thanksgiving holiday to address this global challenge? and added to the ICE resource Kydd was disrupted by two hub as case studies. major storm systems “ l Email enablingbetter bringing unusually early achieving this. But it relies on evidence and support infrastructure@ snow. And there have been a record number of from those working in the infrastructure sector. ice.org.uk to participate in or bush fi res in Australia. In the South West, the ICE has formed the South host an event, or to share case The latest report on climate change from the West Infrastructure Partnership (SWIP), bringing study on the resource hub. United Nations gives little comfort. It concludes together senior engineers from each infrastructure that even if all the countries follow through sector to explore cross-sector discussion and with the promises they have made to cut collaboration for infrastructure provision. QUEST emissions, there would still be a rise in the earth’s The South West has distinct urban, rural and temperature of 3°C by the end of the century. This tourism economies which bring about their own YouTube fi lm will cause signifi cant and irreversible damage to challenges in terms of infrastructure capacity. highlights Quest human, plant and animal life across the planet. It also has a number of towns and cities that are While there has been progress by some countries, vulnerable to rising sea levels and much of its scholarship benefi ts the reality is that emissions have increased by 1.5% economic infrastructure is located in low lying or per year in the past decade. coastal areas. But will the proposed solutions provide A new short fi lm on the ICE The UK has been one of those at the forefront long-term value or merely short-term reassurance? YouTube channel shows how of reducing carbon emissions. But are we doing In January and February 2020, working with the Quest fund has helped civil enough and how can we as professional engineers Bristol University, SWIP will hold two workshops, engineers make a difference infl uence how we achieve a genuinely sustainable exploring the many different published pathways in society. Quest has enabled approach to address this global challenge? to low carbon that have been published, and members’ development for over As engineers, we have to address two primary examining how these can be coagulated to a 40 years, offering scholarships requirements arising from climate change: strategic approach that is fi t for purpose in the for technicians and university mitigation – for example, re-powering our South West. Our ambition is to infl uence decision- students and awards for electricity, transport and heating infrastructure makers to work across sectors to maximise the overseas projects and further with low carbon technologies to reduce emissions opportunities that a clean growth economy qualifi cations. In the fi lm, – and adaptation – accepting that adverse brings while, delivering long term strategic undergraduate scholarship impacts are increasingly occurring, and designing infrastructure responses capable of dealing with winner Kelachi Amadi-Echendu infrastructure to cope. the consequences of global warming. and travel award winner Holly We also have to use our knowledge to help We hope to disseminate our initial fi ndings in Jones-Dalton share their stories. stakeholders, particularly politicians and April 2020. Quest relies on donations given business, make sensible decisions. The National l Peter Kydd is an ICE Fellow and a member of the through ICE annual membership Infrastructure Commission’s role is critical in Institution’s South West Infrastructure Partnership subscriptions.

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WE ARE EXCITED TO ANNOUNCE OUR 2019 WINNERS Training Courses

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