Watershed Management and Modeling

Minnesota River Basin Meeting St. Paul District COE April 20, 2010

Watershed Management Capabilities

Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Tools For Watershed Modeling

Watershed Management and Modeling and Management – Discussion Items

. WtWatersh hded MdliModeling StSystem (WMS) . Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) Model . Upper Mississippi River Basin Study Watershed Management and WMS Overview Modeling

. Comprehensive system for watershed modeling . Multiple computational models supported . Empirically‐based, lumped parameter models (e.g. HEC‐HMS, HSPF, TR‐20, etc) . Physically‐based, distributed spatial parameter model (GSSHA) . Riverine models (e.g. HEC‐RAS) . RiReservoir moddlels (e.g. CE‐QUAL‐W2) . Integrates . Models to understand system‐wide effects . Multiple data sources to automate model parameter definition . With GIS through ESRI’s ArcObjects . With public data sources through web services . Widely used for civil and military applications Watershed Management and WMS User Community Modeling

. FY09 Stats: . 439 Total USACE‐licensed users Breakdown of WMS Users 439 To ta l USACE- license d Use rs in FY09 . 58 New Users . 149 Support Calls Navy, 16 Other, 10 . WMS Numerical Model EPA, 33 Maintenance Funds from 10 DoE, 3

districts: CEORP, CELMM, USACE, 181 CESPL, CEMVRI, CENCS, CESAJ,

CENAP, CENAN, CESWT, CENPS Army, 127

WES, 69 Gridded Surface Subsurface

Watershed Management and Modeling Hyygdrologic Analysis

. 2D Overland Flow . 1st Order contaminant kinetics, . 1D Channel Network transport . 2Dx1D . NtiNutrient SSbub MMdlodule Library . 2D kinetics, transport . . 2D Evapotranspiration

. . DEM . Pipe Networks . Soil Type . Lakes . Land Use . Special Boundary types . Precipitation – Radar, Gages . Hydrometeorological Watershed Management and What GSSHA Can Do Modeling

Surface water /Groundwater Surface water quality and ItInteracti on TMDL’s

Sediment Transport Contaminant fate/transport in surface water and groundwater and related health risk assessment Watershed Modeling and Management Strengths and

Watershed Management and Modeling Weaknesses of GSSHA

. Simulation of surface Water and Groundwater interactions .Tile drains .Wetlands . Physical Process‐driven model: can simulate fundamental changes in processes described by other models .SPARROW, SWAT .addition of wetlands for flood attenuation and nutrient/sediment processing . Sppyatially explicit formulation: can evaluate impacts of where changes occur .Location of wetlands addition .Location of land use change . Can be run on multiple platforms . Requires moderate modeling background/expertise . Temporal and spatial applications currently have some constraints . SW/GW Hydrology –large and small scale applications . Sediment/Nutrient transport – tested on small spatial and temporal scales Technical Support and Training Watershed Management and Modeling

Training

Case Studies

Hawaii Applications

. TiiTraining Panama . GSSHA and WMS summer training courses . On‐line training at http://gsshawiki.com . Documentation . User’s Manual, Tutorials, Primer on‐line: http://gsshawiki.com . One‐on‐one assitistance Watershed Management and Model Modeling

Bi-model flow: Linear transition LtLatera lfll flow from Darcian flow through, over at bottom to vegetation Manning’s flow at overtopping level

Lateral flow through Darcian Flow peat / muck layer

Assessing Infiltration, 2D Vertical infiltration, environmental Groundwater exfiltration, Lateral restoration techniques models Groundwater in the Rio Grande Bosque in Albuquerque Watershed Management and Storm and Tile Drains Modeling

. Connected set of pipes, manholes, inlet grates . Leaky pipes used to interact with groundwater

Superlink 1

Node 1 Node 4 Link 1 Link 2 Link 3 Node 2 Node 3

Junction 1 Assumed Flow Direction Junction 2

Node 1 Link 1 Node 2 Link 2 Node 3 Applied at Dead Run Creek Baltimore District Spatial Hydrology: Dealing with

Watershed Management and Modeling Runoff Processes Changes

. Spatial effects of land use changes . Where you put a commercial zone, , or wetland changes the hydrology . Incldlude engineered wetldlands . Include detention basins . Planning and after‐the‐fact land use changes

Kishwaukee River Basin Spatial Hydrology: Sediment and

Watershed Management and Modeling Contaminants for TMDLs

. U.S. Army Garrison – Schofield Barracks, HI . Evaluating the Total Daily Maximum Load (TMDL) from the live‐fire training ranges at Schofield Barracks for sediments and military constituents . Design Best Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce loadings . Vegetation management practices . Training schedules . Reduce associated with roads . Capture sediments and associated contaminants . Vegetative filter strips . Detentions basins . Embankments Sediment Transport Watershed Management and Modeling

Event model within continuous simulation 50000 framework 40000 Simulated Observed . OldOverland flow: tons/day) 30000 . Any number of grain sizes 20000 . Detachment by raindrop impact and 10000

( flux Sediment 0 . Transport capacity can be Kilinc‐ 145 145.5 146 146.5 147 Julian day, 1982 Richardson‐Julien or Engelund‐Hansen Sediments . Erosion, deposition, transport 10000

. Elevation and particle distribution

evolution 1000 . Stream flow: Simulated 100 . Sand and larger size particles simulated Observed

as bed load. nt Discharge (cubic meters) ee

10 . Smaller particles simulated as wash Sedim load.

1 . Stream channel cross sections adjusted 0.1 1 10 100 1000 for erosion/deposition Peak Discharge (cms) . Coupled to constituent transport Goodwin Creek Watershed Management and Nutrient Transport Modeling

 Link to the Nutrient Sub Module developed by the Environmental Laboratory

. Overland/Soils Module . NH4, NO3, Organic Nitrogen (Dissolved and Adsorbed) . PO4 and Organic Phosphorus (Dissolved and Adsorbed) . Channel Module . NH4, NO3, Organic Nitrogen (Dissolved and Adsorbed) . PO4 and Organic Phosphorus (Dissolved and Adsorbed) . Dissolved Oxygen . Algae Groups . Phytoplankton (Floating Algae) . Benthic or Periphyton (Submerged Attached Algae) . Plant Module (Terrestrial) . EPIC formulations based upon the Heat Index Method . EDYSLite (developed put not integrated within NSM yet) Watershed Management and Eau Galle Reservoir Demo Modeling

Larggyge Scale Hydrologic Assessment Small Scale Nutrient and Sediment Transport Study Watershed Management and Discharge Calibration Modeling

EG 18.5 observed EG 18.5 cal1

40 35 Initial ) -1 30 s 3

mm 25 20 15 10 Discharge ( 5 0 2002.4 2002.48

Date (years) EG 18.5 observed EG 18.5 final cal

80 Peak Mean Absolute Error (MAE) – 3% 70 ) -1

s 60 Total Discharge Error – 15%1.5% 33 50 40 30 20 Discharge (m 10 0 Final 2002.4 2002.48 2002.56 2002.64 2002.72 2002.8 Date (years)

Peak (MAE) – 42% Total Discharge – 7% Watershed Management and Reservoir Modeling Modeling

computed simulated

60

50

) 40 -1 s 3

30

Discharge (m Discharge 20

10 Elevation 0 2002.37 2002.42 2002.47 2002.52 2002.57 2002.62 2002.67 2002.72 Date (years) observed computed 289.00 . Error Total Discharge – 3% 288.50

288.00

287.50 287.00 ake elevation (m) LL

286.50

286.00 2002.37 2002.42 2002.47 2002.52 2002.57 2002.62 2002.67 2002.72 2002.77 Date (years) Watershed Management and Water Quality Calibration ‐ DIP Modeling Watershed Management and Dead Run Creek Demo Modeling

. 14.3 km2 (~5 mi2)watershed in Baltimore, MD . Impacts of storm drain networks on storm hydrographs Watershed Management and Drainage Networks Modeling

Storm Drain Digitization Historical Current Stream Network Stream and Storm Drain Network Urbanization and Wetlands

Watershed Management and Modeling Creation in the Kishwaukee Watershed Watershed Management and Watershed Overview Modeling

Fontana-on-Geneva Lake . Watershed Area: ~1100 mi2 Greater . Stream Miles: Chicago Area ~1000 mi Woodstock Rockford Belvidere . Overland flow

. Stream flow Huntley Fox River . Infiltration Rock River . Groundwater . Tile Drains Sycamore . Detention Basin . Wetldland Hydldraulics

Geneva Watershed Management and Project Goals Modeling

. Develop Watershed Management Plan . Placement of 1600 ac of wetlands . Removal of tile drains . Assess impacts of future land use Impacts of Spatial Location:

Watershed Management and Modeling Wetlands Location Study Watershed Management and Wetlands Location Results Modeling

Belvidere, Il

140

120

No Wetlands 100 Wetlands 1 80 Wetlands 2 w (cms) 60 oo Wetland 3 Fl 40 Wetland 4

20

0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Time (min) Visualization and Stakeholder

Watershed Management and Modeling Interactions Upper Mississippi River Basin

Watershed Management and Modeling (()UMRB) . Developed SWAT model to quantify links between water quality and biofuel crops in the UMRB . Evaluated the land use and water quality changes associated with the production of corn based ethanol . Conducted scenario analysis to identify potential water quality impacts due to modified agricultural management to meet biofuel production targets set in the recent energy bill. . Built scientific understanding to reduce the potential impacts of biofuels production on DA = 189,000 mi2 the environment.

Study conducted for Argonne National Labs by Dr . Zhonglong Zhang (ERDC -EL)

27 UMRB SWAT Model Baseline Results Watershed Management and Modeling Grafton, IL 16000 14000 Modeled 12000 Observed

10000s) mm 8000 6000 Flow (c 4000 2000 0

16000 14000

12000 Modeled Observed 10000

s/month) 8000 nn 6000

TSS (to 4000 2000 0

28 UMRB SWAT Model Baseline Results Watershed Management and Modeling Grafton, IL

200.00 180.00 160.00 Modeled 140.00onth)

mm Observed 120.00 100.00 80.00 60.00 40.00 NO3+NO2 (kg/ 20. 00 0.00

14.00

12.00

10.00 Modeled Observed 8.00

(kg/month) 6.00 PP

4.00 Total 2.00

0.00

29 Upper Mississippi River Basin

Watershed Management and Modeling Minnesota River Basin 1400 1200 Modeled Observe… 1000 800 (cms) 600

Flow 400 200 0

Note: Model was not calibrated fthMifor the Minneso tRiBita River Basin. Model Results were extracted and compared to Observed Results ((g)USGS Gage at outlet) for the period from 2004 to 2007.

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