STUDIES 1945-1991 USA V. USSR Stage of American Event Date Russian our course President leader ROOSEVELT GRAND ALLIANCE between Churchill, During WW2 Roosevelt, Stalin

• Tehran Conference 1943 • Yalta Conference Feb 1945 58 • surrender in WW2 May 1945 - • POTSDAM Conference July 1945 USA drops 2 atom bombs on Japan (Hiroshima Aug 1945 and Nagasaki). WW2 ends Stalin builds SPHERE OF INFLUENCE in Eastern 1945-48 Europe Churchill’s speech in USA 1946

LONG TELEGRAM to President Truman Feb 1946 Novikov Telegram to Stalin Sept 1946 TRUMAN’S OVERALL CONTAINMENT POLICY • Truman Doctrine March 1947 TRUMAN • Marshall Plan June 1947 STALIN STALIN REACTS TO CONTAINMENT • COMINFORM (Communist Information 1947 Bureau) 1949 • COMECON (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) • Britain, France and USA joined their zones of June 1948

West Germany and West . DEUTSCHMARK currency. • Stalin’s BLOCKADE of June 1948 • Western powers AIRLIFT to save West Until 1949 Berliners Germany divides fully into + 1949 West Berlin (Federal Republic of Germany) and + (German Democratic Republic) Western powers led by USA form NATO 1949

Russia develops their own atom bomb – the 1949 ARMS RACE of weapons begins Russia and China sign a treaty of alliance to 1950

Key topic 1: The Origins of the Cold War, 1941 1: The Origins thetopic War, Cold of Key strengthen world commuism Stalin dies; Khrushchev becomes the new 1953 Russian leader COLD WAR STUDIES 1945-1991 USA V. USSR Stage of American Event Date Russian our course President leader EISENHOWER Key USSR forms to rival NATO 1955 topic 1: Khrushchev makes his “DE-STALINISATION” 1956 H The speech – countries in the Communist sphere of U Origins influence feel hopeful N of the HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION– RAKOSI replaced Oct 1956 G by reformer NAGY A Cold Nagy announced Hungary would withdraw from Nov 1956 R War, Warsaw Pact – Khrushchev + Red Army invade Y 1941-58 Russia launches SPUTNIK – the SPACE RACE 1957 BEGINS KHRUSHCHEV Khrushchev makes his “BERLIN ULTIMATUM” 1958 B due to the refugee crisis from East to West Berlin E R PARIS SUMMIT between Eisenhower and 1960 L Khrushchev to discuss Berlin I between and June 1961 N Khrushchev to discuss Berlin

Phase 1 of put up between East Aug 1961 W and West Berlin A Kennedy visits West Berlin and makes famous 1963 L Key speech “ICH BIN EIN !” L Topic 2: Cuban dictator is overthrown by Fidel CASTRO in 1959 KENNEDY Cold the CUBAN REVOLUTION

President Kennedy stops diplomatic relations 1961 C War with Cuba and launches disastrous BAY OF PIGS U Crises, invasion B Castro announces he is Communist and is in Dec 1961 A

1958- alliance with Khrushchev of Russia 1970 Khrushchev puts nuclear weapons onto Cuba; 13 1962 C day CRISIS begins R Khrushchev removes nuclear missiles from Oct 1962 I Cuba; Kennedy agrees to remove nuclear S missiles from Turkey I Telephone “HOTLINE” between Washington and 1963 S Moscow; LIMITED TEST BAN TREATY signed OUTER SPACE TREATY signed 1967 BREZHNEV JOHNSON NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY signed 1970 COLD WAR STUDIES 1945-1991 USA V. USSR Stage of American Event Date Russian our course President leader JOHNSON Protests in CZECHOSLOVAKIA at lack of 1956 freedoms Key C Alexander DUBCEK becomes leader of Jan 1968 Z Topic 2: Czechoslovakia’s Communist Party – he wants a Cold different style of communism to Russia! This E sparked the PRAGUE SPRING PERIOD C War H USSR sends military into Czechoslovakia and Aug 1968 Crises, BREZHNEV DOCTRINE published O 1958- 1970 In this decade, tensions between USA and USSR 1970s lessened. Called DÉTENTE PERIOD D BREZHNEV NIXON SALT 1 Treaty signed by USA and USSR (Strategic 1972 E Arms Limitation Treaty) T Soviet and American spacecraft docked together 1975 E in space. N T HELSINKI AGREEMENT between USA, USSR, 1975 Canada and most of Europe E

Key SALT 2 Treaty signed by USA and USSR 1979 Topic 3: The end

of the CARTER Cold Civil war began in AFGHANISTAN 1978 War, A F 1970- • USSR helps Afghan government and invades 1979 G

1991 Afghanistan – disastrous consequences! H • President Carter of USA stops SALT 2 Treaty A as a protest to USSR and creates CARTER N DOCTRINE I United Nations condemns the invasion. USA and 1980 S 50 other countires refused to go to the Moscow T Olympic Games as a protest against Russia’s involvement in Afghanistan A N

COLD WAR STUDIES 1945-1991 USA V. USSR Stage of American Event Date Russian our course President leader BREZHNEV President REAGAN takes over in America – hard- 1981 T line anti-Communist E Reagan begins biggest weapons build-up in 1980s N American history S I Reagan announced development of Strategic 1983 O Defence Initiative (SDI) or “Star Wars” N DÉTENTE WAS TOTALLY OVER BY NOW!!!

Mikhail GORBACHEV becomes leader of the 1985 USSR. Much better relationship with USA began. N PERESTROIKA & GLASNOST policies begin. E Gorbachev and Reagan met at Geneva Summit 1985 W

Key USA and USSR sign disarmament treaty 1987 T Topic 3: REAGAN H The • Both USA and USSR actively dismantled some 1988 I nuclear weapons N

• Gorbachev announced withdrawal of Soviet GORBACHEV end of K troops from Afghanistan, immediate the reduction of nuclear weapons and less men I in Russia’s army N Cold G Gorbachev abandons Brezhnev Doctrine – USSR 1988 War, lost control of the satellite states.

1970- Gorbachev creates USSR’s first elected 1989 Parliament – Communist officials were voted for 1991 U by the public. S Berlin Wall finally torn down after months of Nov 1989 S movement out of East Germany through R

Hungary

Communist governments in satellite states 1989 - 1990 C collapsed O Some regions of the demanded 1990 - 1991 L their own independence from the USSR L (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia and Ukraine) A • Gorbachev resigned Christmas Day P • USSR collapsed 1991 S • YELTSIN becomes the new leader of Russia AND ADOPTS CAPITALISM!! E