or GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
• THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Millennium Development Goals Goals and targets adopted by the United Nations, 2001
Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and Goal 5 Improve maternal health Goal 8 Develop a global partnership • Deal comprehensively with the hunger • Reduce by three-quarters, for development debt problems of developing • Halve, between 1990 and between 1990 and 2015, • Develop further an open, countries through national and 2015, the proportion of people the maternal mortality ratio rul e-based, predictable, international measures in order whose income is less than $1 nondiscriminatory trading to make debt sustainable in the a day Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and financial system long term • Halve, between 1990 and and other diseases (includes a commitment to • In cooperation with developing countries, develop and 2015, the proportion of people • Have halted by 2015 and good governance, implement strategies for decent who suffer from hunger begun to reverse the spread development, and poverty and productive work for youth of HIV/AIDS reduction - both • It'! cooperation with Goal 2 Achieve universal primary • Have halted by 2015 and nationally and internationally) pharmaceutical companies, education begun to reverse the incidence • Address the special needs of provide access to affordable • Ensure that, by 2015, children of malaria and other major the least developed countries essential drugs in developing diseases (includes tariff- and quota-free everywhere, boys and girls countries · alike, will be able to complete access for exports, enhanced • In cooperation with the private a full course of primary Goal 7 Ensure environmental program of debt relief for and sector, make available the schooling sustainability cancellation of official bilateral debt, and more generous ODA benefits of new technologies, • Integrate the principles of especially information and Goal 3 Promote gender equality and for countries committed to sustainable development into communications technologies empower women poverty reduction) country policies and programs • Address the special needs of • Eliminate gender disparity in and reverse the loss of landlocked countries and small primary and secondary environmental resources island developing states education preferably by 2005 • Halve by 2015 the proportion (through the Program of Action and in all levels of education of people without sustainable for the Sustainable no later than 20 15 access to safe drinking water Development of Small Island • Have achieved by 2020 a Developing States and 22nd Goal 4 Reduce child mortality significant improvement in the General Assembly provisions) • Reduce by two-thirds, between lives of at least 100 million 1990 and 2015, the under-five slum dwellers mortality rate or GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
II THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. Contents
Copyright© 2004 The International Bank for Preface 5 Reconstruction and Development I The World by Region 6 The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW People Population 8 Washington, DC 20433 Life Expectancy 10 Telephone 202-473-1000 Fertility 12 Internet www.worldbank.org Working-Age Population 14 E-mail [email protected] School Enrollment 16 illiteracy 18 All rights reserved. Water and Sanitation 20 Childhood Mortality 22 ISBN 0-8213-5596-1 HIVIAIDS 24
Published for the World Bank by Economy Poverty 26 Myriad Editions Limited National Income 28 &,.7 Old Steine, Brighton BN1 3EJ, UK Investment 30 www.MyriadEditions.com External Debt 32
Printed and bound in Hong Kong Environment Urbanization 34 Transportation 36 Energy 38 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein Emissions 40 are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views Natural Resources 42 of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee Global Links Trade 44 the accuracy of the data included in this work. International Aid 46 Personal Computers 48 The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information Telecommunications 50 shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on World Tables 52 the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any Index &4 territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Library of Congress cataloging-in-publication data has been applied for. Preface
The miniAtlas of Global Development provides colorful and easy-to read world maps, tables, and graphs highlighting key social, economic, and environmental data for 208 of the world's economies. It is meant to provide an introduction and a quick reference to current development topics. Information in the miniAtlas is a snapshot of the world and a measure of the effort needed to eliminate extreme poverty, improve the health and education of people around the world, use environmental resources wisely, and create a global partnership for sustainable development. Based on the World Bank's World Development Indicators, the miniAtlas is specially designed to show detailed information on a small scale. Topics are organized into five thematic sections:
• People • Health • Economy • Environment • Global Links
Each reference map is accompanied by an introductory text, noteworthy facts and statistics, plus graphs that highlight regional disparities and trends. Country data tables containing key development indicators and basic information appear at the end of the miniAtlas. The miniAtlas of Global Development appears at a time of an unprecedented global effort to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. This little book seeks to raise awareness and provide relevant, up-to-date, and accessible information on the world's most urgent development challenges .'
5 THE WORLD BY REGION The World by Region Low- and middle-income economies he World Bank's main criterion for classifying economies is East Asia and High-income gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy is Pacific economies T classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low Europe and OECD Central Asia l income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $745 or Latin America and other finland less in 2001. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI Norway Caribbean per capita of more than $745 but less than $9,206. High-income Middle East and no data economies are those with a GNI per capita of $9,206 or more. • North Africa South Asia Low- and middle-income economies are sonwti mes referred to • as developing economies. Sub-Saharan Africa Russian F~dtration
--_,_Canada
Moftqolia
Un i ttd Statn ot. Japen China fkrm/Jda (UK)
'(ht Baha mas •., ~\1
Colombia MaldivtS.
fr •. ~
P Bolivia e Mauritius Rtunion (Fr) Australia Geographic regions used in this atlas include only low- and middle-income economies New Zealand 6 7 - A POPULATED WORLD ulation Total population 2001 he world's population increased from 2.5 billion people in • over 1 billion 10-49 million T1950 to 6.1 billion in 2001. Although the rate of growth is • 100-300 million under 10 million slowing down, between 2001 and 2025 1.6 billion people will be added to the world, 96% of them in low- and middle-income c QnomieJ>. Average annual population growth rate 1990 -20011.4% 2001-2015 1.0% 2015 - 2025 0.6% MaUritius Riunion(Fr} \:· ""~UrcJ • t-NIM +66 2013~ +59 >OH ( 5l11!791 :t:ij Latin America Middle East & South Sub-Saharan & Caribbean North Africa Asia Africa 9 LIFETIMES Life Expectanc Life expectancy at birth 2001 Foeroe/s. ife expectancy increased throughout most of the world between 70 years and over 40 - 49 years (/l'o) Finland 1990 and 2001. The exceptions were some economies in Norway L 60- 69 years • under 40 years Europe and Central Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. "!'if d 50 - 59 years no data ~m Russian Federation II - • Life expectancy fell by 3 years C a n a d a Russian Federation between 1990 Chat~ntf b. (UK} and 2001 kazat:hstan Mongolia Flnt Rep. Unittd States Spain ·'" Lanka Maldives . Southern Africa . :i .. Life expectancy fell ~ ' _..,.,. /7.. .• by 18 years in Botswana I n d' h r s i a. and 15 years in South Africa between 1990 and 2001 "f•l('lt Mauritius Rt!union{Fr) Au s t r a I i a \ · ,. ' . n ·.'. z.. -lan Lq,ii'.Qntl e• .r.e.1 ~oTomt-' Sub-Saharan Africa ond PrlnCip A ustrali a \,· low- and middle income economies high-income Now \. economies Zta1and , TEENAGE MOTHERS n43 138 ./ Births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 years 2002 East Asia & EuroP.e & latin America Middle East & South Sub-Saharan High-inc 2001 ~IWIS. n many developing economies, more than 40% of the people lrrY:rcJ It"/ are under the age of 15, creating a heavy burden of dependency • 50% and over 35% -39% AnJind I for the working-age population. As people live longer, workers • 45% -49% under 35% also have to support an increasing number of over-65-year-olds. 40%- 44% no data Russian Fedt r a tion Canada High-income economies Chonnd Is. (UK) Dependency is likely to rise in high-income economies as a result of increasing numbers Mongolia of old people Portugll Rep. Un i ttd StattS Spa in lktmuda(UK} ~~/'----Marshall ...... _ , Islands ''\ 0 ~Manonr; Kirib;ti , / ~i. (US) 0 Toktlou (Nl}\ • Nauru {US/ o T'(;'" Am Ma ldiv~ . FNtrat« Developing economies lr do n t si a, Bra z i I Sub-Saharan Africa Dependency is likely to 1 00 workers support fall in developing economies 83 children under age 15 years, as a result of declining fertility and younger people ages 65+ compared with only 27 children ,. in high-income economies entering the workforce ages 15-64 A us t r a I i a ~ . ages 0-14 PROVIDERS N• w Zealand %of working-age population compared with young and 26.8".\i 21.4% 31 .3% 36.2% 34.6% 44.0% old people 200 I Eilsl Asia Europe & Latin America Middle East & South Sub-Saharan High-income & Pacific Central Asia & Caribbean North Africa Asia Africa economies 14 15 CHILDREN IN SCHOOL School Enrollment Net primary enrollment rate ---.1 2000 ~~Is. he Millennium Development Goals set a deadline of 2015 90% and over • under 50% ~·J Tfor all children to be able to complete a full course of 70%-89% no data primary schooling. Many economies in East Asia and latin America • 50%-69% have already achieved universal primary enrollment, but in Sub Saharan Africa many experienced no increases in enrollment between 1990 and 2000. F United Stat« t.Yid;.., , Afghanistan Only 8% of children Public spending completed primary school in on primary education 1999, a decline from as a percentage of GDP an already low of 26% has increased in both in 1993 high-income and developing economies since 1990 / {§) men (§} women YEARS OF SCHOOLING 2000 Latin America & Middle East & South Asia High-income Caribbean North Africa economies 16 17 ILLITERACY RATE Illite rae As %of the population ages 15 years and over 2001 dult illiteracy has declined worldwide. In low- and middl~ • 70% and over 10% - 29% rn Jinfand' income economies, the il literacy rate fell from 30% • 50%-69% under 10% ,..., A1990 to 24% in 2001. 30% - 49% no data s-tlon [ l Women account for two-thirds C a n a d a Russian Fed~ration of the world's 860 million illiterate adults, but in developing ' economies the female illiteracy ... rate fell from 38% in 1990 Mongoll~ to 30% in 2001 1Rep. Unit t d States pon Btrmudo(UK) /--~~~;---..,, /o Islands Put-rtoRico ' N MariaJ? Kiribati \ Mrxico • > ' / ~~(US) 0 Tottlou (Nl)\ ~~) ~rgin ~:~~~ ~KJd Barbuda • ( 0 Na.Nluv.olu . \ Guodt:.lou~(Fr) 'f ( (Wam (US} 0 Q AnftfiCI:UI ,j Dommica :. 0 Pillau Simoa 0 Samoa (US I St. Vincent and the Grenadines \ 1/anuatu Tonga / O sarbados :i Trinidad and Tobago \ °Frent"h q/ ", ~L7o';;~sio~~ itlam~ ------·----<;}: ·:··:. . ch Guiana (Fr) ,. '. Ftdrratt:dStnc:s ·. · ·, Youth illiteracy Highest South Asia 31 % . , ;,~~' Sub-Saharan Africa 22% Lowest r.. ,:.:;~ " ''''"f". ~- r ~ P East Asia & Pacific 3% ~ '/ ~/ '1 . 11rope & Central Asia 1 % t Austra lia \:• (§) men (§} women GENDER DIFFERENCE %of illiterate men and women •• in low- and middle-income econ6 Middle East & South Asia Sub-Saharan ages 15 years and over 2001 North Africa Africa 18 19 SAFE WATER - Water and Sanitation % with access to an improved water source 2000 afe water and basic sa nitation are needed to reduce the risk of disease. Although water is reaching more people, many 100% • 40% - 59% finland S still lack adequate sanitation. A Millennium Development Coal 80%-99% • under40% is for 1.5 billion people to be provided with access to safe water 60%-79% no data and 2 billion with access to sanitation facilities by 201 5. Water Russian Federation 1.2 billion people worldwide lacked access to an improved sour in 2000: 40% were in East Asia and Pacific, 25 % in Sub-Saharan Mongolia Africa F\o.rhllj Unit~d States Chin a 1990 urban IF' 2000 A u s t r a I i a 1990 rural t=' 2ooo N.-. z~aland SANITATION A %of the population in low- and 'I iddle-income economies ·~ urban rural urban rural urban rural urban rural with access to improved facilities South Asia Sub-Saharan 1990 and 2000 East Asia latin America & Africa 20 & Pacific Caribbean 21 UNDER-FIVES Mortality rate per 1,000 live births 2001 nly 29 low- and middle-income economies are making fast • 200 and over 30 - 59 0 enough progress to meet the Mi ll ennium Development • 100 - 199 under 30 Goal of reducing under-five child mortality to a third of its 1990 • 60 - 99 no data level by 2015. Most of these are middle-income economies, although a few developing economies- notably Bangladesh and Indonesia - are on track to achieve the goal. t Ftd~ration United States Muico ~ l'hlu Colombia 8 r a z i I Infant mortality Boliwil W&h-income economies 5 per 1 ,000 live births; lt:Yw-income economies A u s t r a l i a 81 per 1,000 TRENDS IN INFANT MORT ALIT\' Deaths per 1,000 live births in low- and middle-income onom1 c 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 and 2001 East Asia Europe & Latin America Middle East & South Sub-Saharan 22 & Pacific Central Asia & Caribbean North Africa Asia Africa 23 LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS %of infected adults HI ages 15-49 years 2001 lobally, 42 million people are now living with HIV/ AIDS. • 20% and over 0.5%-4.9% G In 2002,5 million were newly infected with HIV and 3.1 million were killed by AIDS. The epidemic is developing rapidly in new • 10.0%-19.9% under 0.5% areas, and is growing fastest in parts of the Europe and Central no data Asia region. UNAIDS warns that 11 million more people will acquire HIV in Asia by 2007 unless effective action is take n. ~ R u ss i a n F e d t r a t i o n East Asia and Pacific ~ ~ ~ 7.2 million peopleare K a za • h stan -"t' ~~ living with HIV ( Monqolla ' '- Un i ted Sta t es ~ii . U~n ~~~~Rep. Oml. Peopl~ ~ r ~· . . Rep . of Kifre~ . - ~ -·--.... / 0 Islands__ . "'. / N Marian9 Kinbah \ ~(US) 0 rotelou(NZ) 0 Nauru 0 I Goom(IJS) O T"C:'1 ..,.,, ~ 0 Palau Sa~oa 0 Somoo (US \ Vanuatu ~JI Tonga \ °Frr:nctl ' N2 Polynesia (fr~J' Panama Thait.nd ~1lan\a '~···-·.. ,. . Colombia v Maldivts Ftdtrat~St<~trs ofMicronesh Cambodia <> Singapo"' HIV infections B razi I -.:.. iJn2tl h..~~~nJ. Bolivia South Africa 15% of pregnant women A u s t r a I i a under age 20 were HIV positive @ youngmen .,.,. in 2001 compared with 21 % in 1998 8 young women YOUNG PEOPLE AND HIV 1.08% 0.68% 0.55% o/o of young people ages 15-24 0.19% 0.16% 0.26% 0.14% with HIV 2001 <->c-> 0 ~~ Olea /§)(Q) <.§c-> East Asia Europe & Lltin America & South Asia Sub-Saharan High-income 24 & Pacific Central Asia Caribbean Africa economies 25 LIVING IN POVERTY %of people living on less than $2 a day Pove!!)' PPP$ 1997 or latest available data ifferent economies define poverty differently. The • 80% and over 20%-39% Dinternational measure of extreme poverty - as consumption • 60%-79% under 20% .. of less than $1 a day- corresponds to the poverty lines of the 40%-59% no data u"-1•d poorest economies. In wealthier economies, poverty lines may Krtlgdnw~ be set at $2 a day or higher. However it is defined, eliminating ,poverty requires action at the local, nationa-l, and 'international Canada '"' levels. Russi a n F • d • r a t 1 an Poverty increases Europe and Central Asia 1990: 31 million 1999:97 million Unit•d Stat.s living in poverty &rmudo(UK) Mexico Poverty decreases East Asia and the Pacific 1990: 1,114 million 1999: 897 million living in poverty People worldwide living on less than $1 a day 1990:30% 1999:23% 11 % 11 % EXTREME POVERTY 1% 5 % 2% 2% % ut people living on less than ( ) [c=J _JQ ( )( ) in low- and middle-income c '"'' ~'" 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 and 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 1990 1999 East Asia & Europe & Latin America Middle East & South Asia Sub-Saharan 26 Pacific Central Asia & Caribbean North Africa Africa 27 COMPARATIVE INCOME Gross National income {GNI) per capita$ National Income 2001 • $9,076 and over {high-income economies) frltrotls.. he 2.5 billion people in low-income economies have an $2,936- $9,075 '~"' Taverage annual income of $430 a person, with some economies {upper-middle-income economies) as low as $80. For the 2.7 billion people in middle-income $736-$2,935 economies, the average is $1,860. And for the 960 million in {lower-middle-income economies) $735 and under {low-income economies) high-income economies, it is $26,51 0. no data Russian Federat i on C h in • Ma~hall • / • lsland5 ~ . , , / ~· Monatl Kiribati \ · ~ b.!USJ o Tot \ : N•w \. PROJECTED GROWTH Ztaland , 6.7% 4.1% 3.9% 3.2% 6.0% 3.5% Average annual GOP growth rate'.. ' in low- and middle-income econo~ ./ 2003-2010 East Asia & EuroP.e & latin America Middle East & South Sub-Saharan 28 Pacific Central Asia & Caribbean North Africa Asia Africa 29 IMPORTANCE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT I Net foreign direct investment Investment S millions 2001 et foreign direct investment (FDI) more than trebled between 1990 and 2001. The amount going to low- and middle • $1 00,000 and over $100- $999 N income economies increased from $24 bill ion to $171 billion . • $10,000-$99,999 under $100 Most private capital went to Latin America, East Asia, and Europe $1,000- $9,999 no data and Central Asia. .. Celtic Tiger u FDI in Ireland's booming economy in 2000 represented 99.9% of all capital formation .... Mali , Niger $udan lkp. or ,tntu ~~~ • k l 'i~ .. ..,(b;r-411 . llurw~ -=. N1gtna ;1. Sir:rra ltuoo-t tl!tr ~ f Ethiopia/ Liberia _tf~""~~ Maldi~· E•whr.:MI Cwnf"'o"Cm (io,m, • ft Investment withdrawal ~l'ltl lp~ fl. "' ~o Tom~ 5' Dg" ""'...... Indonesia experienced andPrinci~ ~ - fl'Ji :6 llfl lirt 'l r' ~i:a~ Congo 1 S.vcnifl" a net outflow of FDI OeonAt,J. c ,;;,;: of $3.3 billion in 2001 _rc."~' %~ ti<(ITJ Latin America M~.,.,t'oH • ~a~r•tjus attracted $72 billion in private capital Rtunion(Fr} in 2001 A'9(ntina High-income economies· fi t'l SHARES OF FDI 77% INCREASE IN FDI 0.9% NetFDI As%ofGDP US$ 2001 1990 and 2001 lbJJ 1990 2001 1990 2001 Low- and High-income 30 Total FDI : $746bn middle-income economies economies 31 REPAYMENTS External debt servicing as % of exports of goods and services 2001 igh levels of external debt limit the ability of poor countries to pursue sustainable development and reduce poverty. • 25% and over debt not reported Rnl1nd H Thanks to traditional debt relief and the Highly Indebted Poor 10%-24.9% • heavily 'iwedtf ... Country (HIPC) Initiative, the total debt of many poor countries, under 10% indebted poor mo 1 in Sub-Saharan Africa, has declined since 1999. countries Canada Russian Frdrration External debt of developing countries Increased from: $1,422 billion in 1990 to $2,333 billion in 2001 Unittd States .._ / Ptlllt I l Pi" Bf:rmudo(UK) Nicaragua Total external debt reduced from $10.7 bn in 1990 to $6.4 bn in 2001 A u s t r a I i a \: N Unit•d States IJiin America and Caribbean Urban dwellers Ptru 32% of people live in 47% of the urban agglomerations world's people of more than lived in cities in 2001 one million Rf:lll'lion(HJ \:· UPWARD TREND 381 756 l .l76 605 mil!i• n million Million million ~'< vr1l1Jt' r of people living In an urban environment 1980 and 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 1980 2001 34 Low-income economies Middle-income economies High-income economies 35 PASSENGER CARS Number per 1,000 people 2000 or latest available ost economies are increasingly dependent on motor vehicles Fa~~ Is. 500 and over • 10-99 (~"' M for transporti ng freight and passengers. The demand for 300-499 • under 10 more roads and an increase in traffic brings with it problems of urban congestion, air pollution, and a higher risk of accidents. no data ,... Russian Federation High-income economies More than 1 motor vehicle for every 2 people United Statn Pon &rmuda{UK) 0 Middle-income economies ~·· Car ownership nearly doubled 1990- 2000 N•w \. Zealand , MOTOR VEHICLES 65 586 llumber per 1,000 people 10 2000 ( ) [J 36 Low-income economies Middle-income economies High-income economies 37 ENERGY USE kg of oil equivalent per capita 2000 he world used 13% more energy in 2000 than in 1990. Half of all the commercial energy in 2000 was used by those in 8,000 and over • 500-999 T high-income economies - just 15% of the world's population. 4,000- 7,999 • under500 Energy use by low-income economies grew twice as fast as the 2,000-3,999 no data rate for high-income economies between 1989 nd 2000. • 1,000- 1,999 _...... Ru!isian Federation f Comparative energy 11 High energy us;" High-income economies The USA uses on average use 1 0 times 22 times more energy as much energy per capita as per capita low-income ,.n,..ntmif-1 than India United Statu ,• El lllullionllll Europe & Au s t r a I i a Central Asia Latin America I & Caribbean ! Middle f.;Jsl & East Asia & 13% 6% Pacific North Africa New Ztiilal'ld SHARE OF ENERGY USE 52% B income and region .:t J •nilllon metric tons of oil equivalent 5,142 4,745 High-income economies Low- and middle-income economies 38 39 Poland CARBON DIOXIDE (C02) ·- Energy use per person: E - ~-- - Emissions of C02 per capita -- 1999 a little less than Portugal; C0 emissions per person: metric tons 2 lmost half of C02 emissions worldwide are released by a third higher high-income economies. Even though several of these 16.0 and over • 1.0-1.9 A economies emit less C02 than in the 1980s, they still emit over 8.0 - 15.9 • under 1.0 14 times more per person than low-income economies. 4.0 - 7.9 no data • 2.0-3.9 Russian Fr:dr:ration Can ad • Canada Energy use per person: same as the USA; C02 emissions per person: f'onu 1 27% lower Un ittd Statts INCREASE IN EMISSIONS 10,073 10,498 8,524 10,896 lmissions of C02 1980, 1990, 1999 1tnill ion metric tons 1980 1990 1999 1980 1990 1999 High-income economies Low- and middle-income economies 41 DEFORESTATION Average annual % change in forest area 1990-2000 Decrease: Increase: eople are using more natural resources than ever, and demands on the environment will only increase. Forests - which now over 3.0% P • 0.1% - 1.0% cover about 30% of all land -shrank by 940,000 square kilometers 1.1%-3.0% • 1.1%-3.0% in the last decade. Water is crucial to economic development 0. 1%-1.0% over 3.0% .and to the survival of ecosystems, but more than 1 billion • people lack access to safe water, and 600 mi lion live in economies no change no data facing water stress. · Russian Fed ~r% tion Extinction threat Nearly 34,000 plant specie~o; 12.5% of the tol;ll, .an threatened with Ntindiull ~--~""' / Islands__ . 1 0 , / N Man·an~ Kmbat1 \ Mexico • ~--. ( :: (US) Nauru 0 Tokelau (NZ}\ .. \ Guam {US} 0 Tu;lu American \ • e Palau Samoa (Us_t ~. Samoa oe I . Vanuatu e ~~ Jonga I' \ F~ncho j:.\1 nD ".._ Ne~ Polynesia (Fr) ~ Caledonia(Fr) /./. ""'",. ..,... ------:-0~! ~--:... Colombia f1t'n Ll•!iL01l.'NI'frJ " '. Feder.~tedStates .. •: t. •• of Micronesitl Gro;llesl forest annual loss Water supplies P~ru Bra z i I ln df;: ,a. Brazil 22,264 sq km Global per capita water s u pp~ iA!'l Indonesia 13,124 sq km have declined by a third Sudan 9,589 sq km over the past 25 years Bolivia 1990- 2000 t~ . \: Argt:ntina New \. WORLD WATER USE Zealand , lieshwater use Industry ., latest available data ./ Low-income Middle-income Hi gh-inc~me 42 economies economies econom1es 43 IMPORTANCE OF TRADE Trade in goods Trade as %of goods GOP 2001 n the past decade, trade between low- and middle-income • 100% and over 25%-49% I economies grew by more than 13%. Developing economies' • 75%-99% exports to high-income economies also grew from 1990 to 2000 under 25% - by 11% - while trade between high-income economies grew 50% - 74% no data at half that rate . .. Canad o Russian Ftderation ' Imports Goods and services 75% of goods imports Service trade has grown rapidly, go to high-income but goods still account for Kazakh s tan 80% of world trade economies MongoH a llo lltnnuda (IJ/0 0 Mexico ~· Maldives . ~ ~el l es Bra z I I Bolivia A u s t r a I i a \.· ,, Argtntina N•w \. INCREASING IMPORTANCE Ztaland ., 27.4% 35.5% 50.8% 32.3% Trade in goods as% of GOP _.,; 1990and2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 1990 2001 44 low-income economies Middle-income economies High-income economies 45 GIVING AND RECEIVING International Aid Value of aid per capita US$ 2001 id is one way for rich economies to transfer resources to Aid received: Aid donated: '""' A developing economies. But aid to the poorest economies • over $50 • over $100 fell from $58 billion in 1990 to $52 billion in 2001 , resulting in a • $1 1 -$50 • $51-$100 per capita decrease from $13 to $11. Additional aid - together with good policies - could help lift millions of people out of $1-$10 $50 and under _poverty. Russian Federation Kazakhstan Un i ted States .. lomka ,• I nd o n esia,... Net official development ,,,."" assistance or aid received in 2001 Pakistan $1.9 billion India $1.7 billion Indonesia $1 .5 billion \:· China $1.5 billion Aust r a li a Vietnam $1 .4 billion Argentina N •lkrmuda(UK} India 2001: Software industry accounted fo r 14% of exports and employed World spending on ICT "' over 400,000 2001 : $2.4 trillion professionals 7.6% of world GOP \:·..•. Average annual %growth 1995-2001 INTERNET USERS Nu mber of users (mil lions) 2001 ·· High-income East Asia Europe & Latin America & Middle East & South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa economies & Pacific Central Asia Caribbean North Africa 48 49 TELEPHONE MAINLINES Telecommunications Number per 1,000 people 2001 n efficient communications infrastructure attracts inward • 500 and over 25 - 99 A investment. Telecommunications have grown dramatically • 250-499 under 25 worldwide. The use of mobile phones in Europe and Central 100- 249 no data Asia has doubled each year between 1995 and 2001. However, in some economies millions still face a long wait for a mainline connection. Russian Fe.de.ration Cost of a 3·minute call to USA in 2001 India $3.20 Syrian Arab Republic $20.04 Sudan $39.08 Equatonal Guinea S!o Tom!! Gabo.n I and Principe ..:fn.----;J Congo ~ Dtm. Rrp. of Congo An golf \ .. Average annual %growth 1995 2001 New \.. Zealand , MOBILE PHONES Number per 1,000 people ./ by income group and region 2001 -' High-inc of computers mainlines water source per 1,000 US$ Product as% of total metric tons goods GOP per 1,ooo per 1,000 2001 % 2001 I 'l'o of pop 2000 live births 200f 2007 billions 1999 2007 people 2007 people 2007 2000 2007 Cayman Isla nds 100 1- 260 42 37 2 2 Central Afric an Rep. 1- 3.8 55 180 Chad 7.9 58 200 200 24 93 2 Channel Isla nds 0.1 Chile 15.4 89 12 4,590 66.5 105 107 233 China 1,271.8 93 39 890 1,159.0 66 19 137 Hong Kon g, China 6.7 25,330 161.9 1,269 387 580 Macao, China 0.4 85 14,380 6.2 76 179 394 Colombia 43.0 89 23 1,890 82.4 42 171 Comoros 0.6 56 79 380 0.2 41 6 12 Congo, Dem. Rep. 52.4 33 205 80 5.2 46 0 Congo, Rep. 3.1 108 640 2.8 152 4 7 Costa Rica 3.9 91 11 4,060 16.1 1.6 170 230 Cote d'lvoire 16.4 64 175 630 10.4 44 0.8 131 7 18 Croatia 4.4 8 20.3 58 122 86 365 Cuba 11.2 97 9 75 20 51 Cyprus 0.8 95 6 9.1 70 247 631 Czech Repub lie 10.2 90 5 56.8 75 146 375 Denmark 5.4 99 4 161.5 85 167 540 719 84 30 11 15 Djibouti 1- 0.6 33 143 Dominica 0.1 97 15 71 65 75 291 Dominican Republic 8.5 93 86 47 2,230 66 110 Ecuador 12.9 99 85 30 1,080 63 23 104 Egypt, Arab Rep. 65.2 93 97 41 1,530 43 32 16 104 El Salvador 6.4 81 77 39 2,040 13.7 61 147 22 93 Equatorial Gu inea - 0.5 72 44 153 700 1.8 49 38 5 15 Eritrea 4.2 41 46 111 160 0.7 19 0.1 168 2 8 Estonia 1.4 98 12 3,870 5.5 69 321 175 352 Ethiopia 65.8 47 24 172 100 6.2 16 0.1 4 Faeroe Island s 0.1 38 Fiji 0.8 47 21 2,140 1.7 50 85 61 112 Finland 5.2 100 100 5 23,780 120.9 59 146 424 548 France 59.2 100 6 22,730 1,309.8 76 6.1 149 337 573 French Polyne sia 0.2 12 3.9 53 280 223 Gabon 1.3 88 86 90 3,160 4.3 82 12 30 54 55 PEOPLE HEALTH ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT GLOBA L ll N K S Countries --. Population Net primary Access to Under 5 GNI Gross Urban C02 emissions Trade in goods Personal Telephone millions enrollment improved mortality per capita Domestic population per capita as 'lb of computers mainlines Product as 'lb of total goods GDP 2001 % water source per 1,000 uss metric tons per 1,000 ~r 1.000 billions 2001 2000 'lb of pop 2000 live births 2001 2001 1999 2001 people 2001 people 2001 2001 Gambia, The 1.3 69 62 126 320 0.4 31 0.2 108 13 26 1- Georgia 5.3 95 79 1- 29 1 590 3.1 57 1.0 70 159 GNmany 82.3 87 5 23,560 1,846.1 88 9.7 161 382 634 - 1- Ghana 19.7 58 73 1- 100 J 290 5.3 36 0.3 146 3 12 Greece 10.6 97 - 5 11,430 11 7.2 60 8.2 106 81 529 - 1- Greenland - 0.1 - - 1- - 82 9.6 467 0.1 84 95 25 3,610 0.4 38 2.2 57 130 328 Grenada 1- Guam 0.2 - - 1- 9 40 26.8 509 11.7 84 92 58 20.5 40 0.9 13 65 Guatemala 1- 1,680 Guinea 7.6 47 48 1- 169 410 3.0 28 0.2 74 4 Guinea-Bissa 1.2 54 56 211 160 0.2 32 0.2 73 10 u - 1- Guyana - 0.8 - 94 1- 72 840 0.7 37 2.2 152 26 92 46 123 3.7 36 0.2 10 Haiti 8.1 - 1- 480 Honduras - 6.6 88 88 1- 38 900 6.4 54 0.8 127 12 47 Hungary 10.2 90 99 1- 9 4,830 51.9 65 5.6 100 374 Iceland 0.3 102 - 1- 4 28,910 7.7 93 7.4 30 418 664 India 1,032.4 - 84 1- 93 460 477.3 28 1.1 6 38 Indonesia 209.0 92 78 1- 45 690 145.3 42 1.2 96 lJ 35 70 Iran, Islamic Rep. 64.5 74 92 1- 42 1,680 114.1 65 4.8 72 169 Iraq 23.8 93 85 1- 133 68 3.3 29 Ireland 3.8 90 - 1- 6 22,850 103.3 59 10.8 265 391 485 Isle of Man 0.1 - - 1- - 77 Israel 6.4 101 - 1- 6 16,750 108.3 92 10.0 246 476 Italy 57.9 100 - 1- 6 19,390 1,088.8 67 7.3 124 195 471 Jamaica 2.6 95 92 1- 20 2,800 7.8 57 4.0 151 50 197 Japan 12].0 101 - 1- 5 35,610 4,141.4 79 9.1 62 349 597 Jordan 5.0 94 96 1- 33 1,750 8.8 79 3.1 224 33 127 Kazakhstan 14.9 89 91 1- 99 1,350 22.4 56 Z.4 136 1J 3 Kenya 30.7 69 57 1- 122 350 11.4 0.3 93 6 10 Kiribati 0.1 - 48 1- 69 830 0.0 0.3 50 23 42 Korea, Dem. Rep. 22.4 - 100 1- 55 61 9.4 22 Korea, Rep. 47.3 99 92 1- 5 9,460 422.2 82 8.4 153 257 486 Kuwait 2.0 66 - 1- 10 18,270 32.8 96 24.9 132 240 Kyrgyz Repub li - 5.0 82- 77 1- 61 280 1.5 1.0 91 78 Lao P.D.R 5.4 81 37 100 300 1.8 20 0.1 3 10 56 57 PEOPLE HEALTH ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL LINKS Countries Population Net primary Access to Under 5 GNI Gross Urban C02 emissions Trade in goods Personal Telephone millions enrollment improved mortality per capita Domestic population per capita as 'lb of computers mainlines 2001 % water source per 1.000 US$ Product as C\tJ of total metric tons goods GOP per 1.000 per 1.000 hve births 200r billions 2001 2000 'lb of pop 2000 2001 1999 2001 people 2001 2001 people 2001 Latvia 2.4 92 21 3,230 7.5 60 186 308 Lebanon 4.4 74 32 ,010 16.7 90 195 Lesotho 2.1 78 132 530 0.8 29 1- 10 Liberia 3.2 83 235 140 0.5 45 2 Libya 5.4 19 34.1 88 109 I ~ Liechtenstein 0.0 11 22 Lithuania 3.5 95 9 12.0 192 1- 3,350 69 313 Luxembourg - 0.4 97 5 39,840 18.5 92 0 517 780 Macedonia, F.Y.R 2.0 92 26 1,690 3.4 59 162 263 ~ Madagascar 16.0 68 47 136 260 4.6 30 82 2 4 Malawi 10.5 57 183 160 1.7 15 88 5 Malaysia 8 3,330 88.0 58 126 196 Maldives 100 77 2,120 0.6 28 80 22 99 Mali 65 231 230 2.6 31 75 1 4 Malta 100 5 9,200 3.6 91 72 230 530 Marshall Islands 66 2,270 0.1 66 50 60 Mauritania 183 360 1.0 59 103 10 7 Mauritius 19 3,830 4.5 42 174 109 257 Mayotte - 70 Mexico - 29 5,530 617.8 75 144 69 137 Micronesia, Federated States - 24 1,950 0.2 29 84 Moldova - I- 4.3 32 400 1.5 42 175 16 154 Monaco 0.0 5 100 Mongolia 2.4 76 400 1.0 57 143 15 52 Morocco 29.2 44 1,190 34.2 56 113 14 41 Mozambique 18.1 54 197 210 3.6 33 89 4 4 Myanmar I 48.3 83 72 109 28 1 6 Namibia 1.8 82 77 67 3.1 31 189 36 66 Nepal 23.6 72 88 91 5.6 0.1 4 13 Netherlands 100 6 380.1 8.5 354 428 621 Netherlands Antilles 95 372 New Caledonia 10 3 1 8.0 231 New Zealand 99 6 50.4 8.1 393 477 Nicaragua 81 77 43 57 0.8 10 31 Niger 11.2 30 59 265 180 2.0 21 0.1 59 2 58 59 PEOPLE HEALTH ECONOMY ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL LINKS Countries Population Net primary Access to Under 5 GNI Gross Urban C02 emissions Trade in goods Personal Telephone millions enrollment improved mortality per capita Domestic population per capita as 'ltl of compute75 mainlines 2007 % water source P<' 1,000 US$ Product as qt, of total metric tons goods GOP Jl 60 61 PEOPLE HEALTH ECONOMY E N V I R 0 N M ~N T GLOBAL liNKS Countries Population Net primary Access to Under 5 GNI Gross Urban C02 emissions Trade in goods Personal Telephone millions enrollment improved mortality per capita Domestic population per capita as% of computers mainlines 2001 % water source per 1,000 US$ Product as% of total metric tons goods GOP per 1,000 per 1,000 billions 2001 %of pop 2000 live btrths 2001 2001 1999 2001 people 2001 people 2001 2000 2001 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.0 98 24 0.3 34 175 1- St. Lucia 0.2 100 98 19 0.7 38 147 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 93 25 0.4 56 116 Sudan 31 .7 46 75 107 12.5 37 4 14 Suriname 0.4 92 82 32 0.8 75 45 176 1.3 27 Swazi land 1- 1.1 93 149 31 Sweden 8.9 102 100 3 209.8 83 5.3 561 739 Switzerland 7.2 99 100 6 247.1 67 5.7 746 Syrian Arab Re p. 16.6 96 80 28 1,040 19.5 52 3.4 78 103 Tajikistan 6.2 103 60 116 180 1.1 28 0.8 203 36 Tanzania 34.4 47 68 165 270 9.3 33 0.1 41 3 4 Thailand 61.2 85 84 28 1,940 114.7 20 3.3 214 28 99 Timor-Leste 0.8 124 520 8 Togo 1- 4.7 92 54 141 270 34 0.3 138 22 10 0.1 91 100 20 33 1.2 73 109 Tonga 1- Trinidad and To bago 1.3 92 90 20 74 19.4 204 69 240 Tunisia 9.7 99 80 27 2,070 66 1.8 200 24 109 Turkey 66.2 82 43 2,530 66 3.1 102 41 285 Turkmenistan 5.4 87 950 45 6.4 80 Uganda 22.8 109 52 124 260 5.7 15 60 3 3 Ukraine - 49.1 72 98 20 720 37.6 68 143 18 212 United Arab Em irat.es - 3.0 87 9 87 136 340 United Kingdo m 58.8 99 100 7 25,120 90 127 366 588 United States - 285.3 95 100 8 34,280 77 68 625 667 Uruguay 3.4 90 98 16 5,710 18.7 92 102 110 283 Uzbekistan 25.1 85 68 550 11.3 37 72 66 Vanuatu 0.2 96 88 42 1,110 0.2 22 39 34 Venezuela, R. B 24.6 88 83 22 4,760 124.9 87 65 109 Vietnam 79.5 95 77 38 410 32.7 25 38 Virgin Islands (US) 0.1 11 47 West Bank and Gaza 3.1 25 1,350 4.0 78 Yemen, Rep. 18.0 67 69 107 450 9.3 25 101 22 Zambia 10.3 66 64 202 320 3.6 40 84 8 Zimbabwe 12.8 80 83 123 480 9.1 36 1.4 99 19 62 63 Index Related World Bank Titles age profiles 14-15 ICT 48, 49 reforestation 42-43 World Development Indicators 2003 aid 46-47 illiteracy 18-19 Contains 600 indicators for 152 economies and AIDS see HIV/AIDS infa nt mortality 22-23 sa nitation 20-21 14 country groups in more than 87 tables - the internet use 48-49 school enrollment World Bank's premier annual compilation of data births 12-13 investment 30--31 16-17 about development. ISBN : 0-8213-5422-1 ca rbon dioxide 40-41 serv ices 33 ca rs 36-37 I ife expectancy 10 -1 1 sex workers 25 I iteracy 18-19 cell phones 50--5 1 telephone mainlines World Bank Atlas 2003 child mortal ity 22-23 manufactured goods 50--5 1 This new expanded edition brings to life 45 deforestation 42-43 trade 44-45 cross-country comparisons of social and Millennium dependency 14-15 transportation 36-3 7 economic indicators. Vividly illustrated with Development Goals colorful world maps, tables, and graphs. digital divide 48, 49 urbaniza tion 34-35 front of book, 1 7, ISBN: 0-8213-5425-6 21,23 education 1 6-1 7 water mobile phones 50-51 emissions 40-41 access to 20--2 1 motor vehicles 36-37 energy use 38-39, 40, use of 42-43 Little Data Book 2003 41 natural resources working-age A handy pocket reference tool with key external debt 32 - 33 42-43 population 14-15 development data for 208 countries. Contains profiles of each country with 54 development fami ly size 12-13 indicators. Now in its fifth edition. fertility 12-13 personal computers 48-49 ISBN : 0-8213-5426-4 foreign direct pollution 37, 40-41 investment 30- 31 population 8-9 GOP 28-29 dependent 14-15 To order, phone 1-800-645-7247 gender and literacy urban 34-35 or 703-661-1580 or go to 18-19 working age 14-15 www. worldbank.orglpublications. GNI 28-29 poverty 26-27 and child mortality HIV/AIDS 24-25 Prices and credit terms vary from country to 23 country. Please consult your local distributor or booksel ler before placing an order. 64 The goals focus the efforts of the worl d community Data Notes Definitions, Notes, and Sources on achieving significa nt,, m~as u rab l e . The aggregate measures for regions include only im provements in peoples l1ves. They establiSh (ow. arid middle-income economies. yardsticks for measunng results nc;>t JUSt for . developing countries but fo r the r1ch countnes that Low-income countries are those with a GNI per Defi nilions that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, help to fund development programs and fo r the capita of $745 or less in 2001 . reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, multilateral institutions that help countrtes Aid: refers to grants and disbursements of implement them. (See inside front cover for a list Middle-income countries are those with a GNI concessional loans (net of repayments) provided and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. of the MDGs.) per capita of more than $7 45 but less than for development purposes by official agencies of $9,206. members of the OECD's Development Forest area: Land under natural or planted stands Mobile phones: Users of P,Ortabl~ telephones Committee, by some other countries, and by of trees, whether productive or not. subscrioing to an automatiC pubi1c telep h~ne High-income countries are those with a GNI per multi lateral institutions such as the World Bank. service using cellular technology that prov1des capita of $9,206 or more. Military assistance is not included in aid. Gross Domestic Product (GOP): The sum of gross access to the public switched telephone network. value added by all resident producers in the The term country (used interchangeably with AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome economy p lus any product taxes (less subsidies) Mortality rate, under-five: The p rob~b i lity that a. economy) does not imply political independence not included in the va lue of the products. It is newborn baby wi ll die before reachmg age f1ve, 1f or official recognition by the World Bank but Carbon dioxide emissions: Em issions stemming calculated usi ng purchaser prices and without subject to current age-specific mortality rates. The from the burning of fossi l fuels (including the refers to any economy for which the authorities deductions for the depreciation of fabricated probability is expressed as a rate per 1,000 . report separate sociaf or economic statistics. consumption ofsolid, liquid, and gas fuels and assets or for the depletion and degradation of gas flaring) and the manufacture of cement. natural resources. Population, total: Includes all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship- except for refugees Data Sources Child mortality rate: The probability of dying Gross National Income (GNI): Gross domestic not permanently settled in the country of asyrum, The data and indicators presented in the miniAtlas between the ages of one and five, if subject to product (GDP) plus net receipts of primary who are generally considered p~rt_of the of Global Development are derived primarily from current age-specific mortality rates. The rncome (co m ~nsation of employees and property population of their country of ongm. the following sources: probability is expressed as a rate per 1 ,000. income) from abroad. Data are shown in dollars using the World Bank Atlas method. Telephone mainline: Connection betw""n a W:J rl d Development indicators 2003 C02: Carbon dioxide customer's equipment and the public sw1tched Little Data Book 2003 telephone network. W:Jrld Bank Atlas 2003 Computers, personal: Self-contained computers Gross National Income (GNI) per capita: Gross national income divided by midyear population. designed to be used by a single individual. Trade in goods as share ofGDP:The sum of For more information about World Bank data or merchanaise exports and imports divided by the other World Bank data publications, visit our data Deforestation: The permanent conversion of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative: An initiative by official creditors value of GD P, all in current US dollars. web site at www.worldbank.org/data; e-mail us at natural forest area to other uses, including data®worldbank.org; or call our data hot line at cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranchmg, designed to help the poorest, most heavily indebted countries escape from unsustainable UNA IDS: Joint United Nations Programme on 800 590 1906 or 202 473 7824; fax 202 522 settlements, infrastructure development. HIV/AIDS 1498. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but debt. intended for regeneration or areas degraded by HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Water source, access to an improved: The share of To order the World Development Indicators 2003, fuelwood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest the population with reasonable access to water the Little Data Book 2003, or the World Bank Atlas fires. Negative numbers indicate an increase in JCT: Information and communication from an improved source, such as a household 2003, visit our publications web site at forest areas. technologies connection, public standpipe, boreho le, protected www.worldbank.orR/publications or call 800 645 well or spring, or rainwater collection. 7247 or 703 661 1)80; fax 703 6611501. Dependency ratios: The ratios of dependents Illiteracy ra te, adult The percentage of people Unimproved-sources include vendors, tanker people younger than 15 and older than 64- to the ages 15 and above who cannot, w1th trucks, and unprotected well s and springs. For more information about the Millennium working-age population - those ages 15-64. understanding, read and write a short, simple Reasonable access is defined as the avanability of Development Goals - halving poverty and statement abOut their everyday life. at least 20 liters a person per day from a source increaSing wellbeing by 2015- visit Education, primary: Provides children with basic within one ki lometer of the dwell ing. www.woiidbank.orgtgoals. reading, wnting, and mathematics ski ll s along Infant mortality rate: The number of infants dying with an elementary understanding of such before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live World Bank Atlas method: The At las method of subjects as history, geography, natural science, births in a given year. calculating gross national income (GNI) per Photo credit cover: Demi/UNEP/Still Pictures socral science, art, and music. capita. It converts national currency units to US Internet users: People with access to the dollars at prevai ling exchange rates, adjusted for External debt service, total: Sum of principal worldwide network. infl ation and averaged over three years. The repayments and interest actually paid in foreign purpose is to reduce the effect of exchange rate currency, ~oods , or services on long-term de.l::it; Life expectancy at birth: The number of years a fl uctuations in the cross- a THE WORLD BANK 9 ISBN 0·8213·5596·1