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BACHELOR PAPER Analysis of Mycroft and Rhasspy Open Source
BACHELOR PAPER Term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien - Degree Program Smart Homes and Assistive Technologies Analysis of Mycroft and Rhasspy Open Source voice assistants By: Carlos Lumbreras Sádaba Supervisor 1: Ing. Martin Deinhofer, M.Sc. Vienna, 2020-22-06 Declaration of Authenticity “As author and creator of this work to hand, I confirm with my signature knowledge of the relevant copyright regulations governed by higher education acts (see Urheberrechtsgesetz/ Austrian copyright law as amended as well as the Statute on Studies Act Provisions / Examination Regulations of the UAS Technikum Wien as amended). I hereby declare that I completed the present work independently and that any ideas, whether written by others or by myself, have been fully sourced and referenced. I am aware of any consequences I may face on the part of the degree program director if there should be evidence of missing autonomy and independence or evidence of any intent to fraudulently achieve a pass mark for this work (see Statute on Studies Act Provisions / Examination Regulations of the UAS Technikum Wien as amended). I further declare that up to this date I have not published the work to hand nor have I presented it to another examination board in the same or similar form. I affirm that the version submitted matches the version in the upload tool.” Sesma, 2020-06-22 Place, Date Signature Kurzfassung Der technologische Fortschritt hat die Sprachsteuerung von Maschinen bzw. intelligenten Geräten für den Durchschnittskonsumenten zugänglich gemacht. -
Ainix: an Open Platform for Natural Language Interfaces to Shell Commands
AInix: An open platform for natural language interfaces to shell commands Turing Scholars Undergraduate Honors Thesis University of Texas at Austin David Gros Supervised By: Dr. Raymond Mooney Second Reader: Dr. Greg Durrett Departmental Reader: Dr. Robert van de Geijn May 2019 Contents 1 Abstract 3 2 Introduction 4 3 Background and Motivation 6 3.1 Relevant Terms and Concepts . .6 3.2 Currently Available Platforms and Tools . .6 3.2.1 Digital Assistant Platforms . .6 3.2.2 Semantic Parsing Frameworks . .7 3.2.3 Previous Natural Language to Shell Commands Work . .7 3.3 Why Unix Commands? . .8 3.3.1 Brief History of the Unix Shell Commands . .8 4 Platform Architecture 9 4.1 aish . 10 5 AInix Kernel Dataset 10 5.1 Key Features . 10 5.1.1 Many-to-many . 10 5.1.2 Replacers . 12 5.2 The Arche Release . 13 6 AInix Grammar Files 14 6.1 Challenges of Parsing Unix Commands . 16 6.2 Terminology . 16 6.3 Enabling Flexible Parsing . 17 6.4 Limitations . 18 7 Explored Models 19 7.1 Seq2Seq . 19 7.2 Grammar Guided Methods . 20 7.3 Retrieval Based Methods . 20 7.3.1 UNIX-focused contextual embedding . 21 7.3.2 Background . 21 7.3.3 Collecting a code-focused dataset . 21 7.3.4 CookieMonster Model . 22 7.3.4.1 CookieMonster Tokenization Scheme . 22 7.3.4.2 CookieMonster Architecture . 25 7.3.5 Nearest Neighbor Method . 25 1 8 Results and Discussion 26 8.1 Seq2Seq Results . 27 8.2 Grammar Guided Model Results . -
AMNESIA 33: How TCP/IP Stacks Breed Critical Vulnerabilities in Iot
AMNESIA:33 | RESEARCH REPORT How TCP/IP Stacks Breed Critical Vulnerabilities in IoT, OT and IT Devices Published by Forescout Research Labs Written by Daniel dos Santos, Stanislav Dashevskyi, Jos Wetzels and Amine Amri RESEARCH REPORT | AMNESIA:33 Contents 1. Executive summary 4 2. About Project Memoria 5 3. AMNESIA:33 – a security analysis of open source TCP/IP stacks 7 3.1. Why focus on open source TCP/IP stacks? 7 3.2. Which open source stacks, exactly? 7 3.3. 33 new findings 9 4. A comparison with similar studies 14 4.1. Which components are typically flawed? 16 4.2. What are the most common vulnerability types? 17 4.3. Common anti-patterns 22 4.4. What about exploitability? 29 4.5. What is the actual danger? 32 5. Estimating the reach of AMNESIA:33 34 5.1. Where you can see AMNESIA:33 – the modern supply chain 34 5.2. The challenge – identifying and patching affected devices 36 5.3. Facing the challenge – estimating numbers 37 5.3.1. How many vendors 39 5.3.2. What device types 39 5.3.3. How many device units 40 6. An attack scenario 41 6.1. Other possible attack scenarios 44 7. Effective IoT risk mitigation 45 8. Conclusion 46 FORESCOUT RESEARCH LABS RESEARCH REPORT | AMNESIA:33 A note on vulnerability disclosure We would like to thank the CERT Coordination Center, the ICS-CERT, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) and the JPCERT Coordination Center for their help in coordinating the disclosure of the AMNESIA:33 vulnerabilities. -
Analysis of Firmware Security in Embedded ARM Environments
Analysis of Firmware Security in Embedded ARM Environments Dane A. Brown Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Engineering T. Charles Clancy, Chair Ryan Gerdes Yaling Yang Jonathan Black Patrick Schaumont August 13, 2019 Arlington, Virginia Keywords: Security, Firmware, Embedded Devices, ARM Copyright 2019, Dane A. Brown Analysis of Firmware Security in Embedded ARM Environments Dane A. Brown (ABSTRACT) Modern enterprise-grade systems with virtually unlimited resources have many options when it comes to implementing state of the art intrusion prevention and detection solutions. These solutions are costly in terms of energy, execution time, circuit board area, and capital. Sus- tainable Internet of Things devices and power-constrained embedded systems are thus forced to make suboptimal security trade-offs. One such trade-off is the design of architectures which prevent execution of injected shell code, yet have allowed Return Oriented Program- ming (ROP) to emerge as a more reliable way to execute malicious code following attacks. ROP is a method used to take over the execution of a program by causing the return address of a function to be modified through an exploit vector, then returning to small segments of otherwise innocuous code located in executable memory one after the other to carry out the attacker’s aims. We show that the Tiva TM4C123GH6PM microcontroller, which utilizes an ARM Cortex-M4F processor, can be fully controlled with this technique. Firmware code is pre-loaded into a ROM on Tiva microcontrollers which can be subverted to erase and rewrite the flash memory where the program resides. -
Energy-Aware Interface for Memory Allocation in Linux
Energy-Aware Interface for Memory Allocation in Linux Lars Rechter, Martin Jensen June 2021 10th Semester The Technical Faculty of IT and Design Department of Computer Science Selma Lagerlöfsvej 300 9220 Aalborg Øst https://www.cs.aau.dk Abstract: In this master thesis, we extend the Linux kernel to support grouping frequently ac- Title: Energy-Aware Interface for cessed (hot) and infrequently accessed Memory Allocation in Linux (cold) data on different memory hardware. By doing this, the memory hardware with Subject: Programming Technology cold data can reduce energy consumption Project period: by going into low power states. We man- Spring 2021 age this separation in the kernel by adding 01/02/2021 - 14/06/2021 an additional zone for cold data, which is adjustable at compile time. Processes can Group No: allocate memory in the cold zone with an pt103f21 extension to the mmap system call. We test the memory layout of our machine Group Members: with the benchmark STREAM, showing Lars Rechter that the modified kernel behaves as desired Martin Jensen in terms of memory separation. Addition- ally, we implement a proof of concept in- Supervisor: memory database to benchmark the power Bent Thomsen consumption and run time performance of Lone Leth Thomsen our modified kernel. The results show a Pages: 78 smaller overhead than expected, but no reduction in power usage. We attribute the unchanged power usage to the memory power management strategy of the mem- ory controller in our test machine. Publication of this report’s contents (including citation) without permission from the authors is prohibited. Summary Computers are faster and more common now than ever, rendering the need to optimise programs, specifically for speed, less prevalent. -
Digole Serial Displays: Driving Digole’S Serial Display in UART, I2C, and SPI Modes with an ODROID-C1+ September 1, 2017
ODROID-HC1 and ODROID-MC1: Aordable High-Performance And Cloud Computing At Home September 1, 2017 The ODROID-HC1 is a single board computer (SBC) which is an aordable solution for a network attached storage (NAS) server, and the ODROID-MC1 is a simple solution for those who need an aordable and powerful personal cluster. My ODROID-C2 Docker Swarm: Part 1 – Swarm Mode Features September 1, 2017 Docker Swarm mode provides cluster management and service orchestration capabilities including service discovery and service scaling, among other things, using overlay networks and an in-built load balancer respectively. ODROID-XU4 Mainline U-Boot September 1, 2017 Hardkernel is working on a new version of U-Boot for the ODROID-XU4, with many new features and improvements. ODROID Wall Display: Using An LCD Monitor And An ODROID To Show Helpful Information September 1, 2017 A wall monitor is an eective method of passively delivering a constant stream of information. Rather than purchasing a digital picture frame that is not only expensive, but is also small with limited functionality, why not use a computer monitor or TV screen with an ODROID to display photos, weather Linux Gaming: Fanboy Part 2 – I am a Sega Fanboy! September 1, 2017 In the 1980s and 1990s, Nintendo and Sega fought to dominate the console market. While both had similar products, there were still some major dierences. If you compare their earlier products, the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and Sega Master System (SMS), and Game Boy/Game Boy Color (GB/GBC) and Game Gear Home Assistant: Customization and Automations September 1, 2017 Advanced topics related to Home Assistant (HA) using in-depth steps, allowing you to maximize the use of Home Assistant, and also help with experimentation. -
Coreboot - the Free firmware
coreboot - the free firmware Linux Club of Peking University April 9th, 2016 . Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 1 / 30 1 History 2 Why use coreboot 3 How coreboot works 4 Building and using coreboot 5 Flashing 6 Utilities and Debugging 7 Contribute to coreboot 8 Proprietary Components 9 References . Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 2 / 30 History: from LinuxBIOS to coreboot coreboot has a very long history, stretching back more than 15 years to when it was known as LinuxBIOS. While the project has gone through lots of changes over the years, many of the earliest developers still contribute today. Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 3 / 30 LinuxBIOS v1: 1999-2000 The coreboot project originally started as LinuxBIOS in 1999 at Los Alamos National Labs (LANL) by Ron Minnich. Ron needed to boot a cluster made up of many x86 mainboards without the hassles that are part of the PC BIOS. The goal was to do minimal hardware initilization in order to boot Linux as fast as possible. Linux already had the drivers and support to initialize the majority of devices. Ron and a number of other key contributors from LANL, Linux NetworkX, and other open source firmware projects successfully booted Linux from flash. From there they were able to discover other nodes in the cluster, load a full kernel and user space, and start the clustering software. Linux Club of Peking University coreboot - the free firmware April 9th, 2016 4 / 30 LinuxBIOS v2: 2000-2005 After the initial success of v1, the design was expanded to support more CPU architectures (x86, Alpha, PPC) and to support developers with increasingly diverse needs. -
Coreboot - the Free Firmware
coreboot - the free firmware vimacs <https://vimacs.lcpu.club> Linux Club of Peking University May 19th, 2018 . vimacs (LCPU) coreboot - the free firmware May 19th, 2018 1 / 77 License This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. You can find the source code of this presentation at: https://git.wehack.space/coreboot-talk/ . vimacs (LCPU) coreboot - the free firmware May 19th, 2018 2 / 77 Index 1 What is coreboot? History Why use coreboot 2 How coreboot works 3 Building and using coreboot Building Flashing 4 Utilities and Debugging 5 Join the community . vimacs (LCPU) coreboot - the free firmware May 19th, 2018 3 / 77 Index 6 Porting coreboot with autoport ASRock B75 Pro3-M Sandy/Ivy Bridge HP Elitebooks Dell Latitude E6230 7 References . vimacs (LCPU) coreboot - the free firmware May 19th, 2018 4 / 77 1 What is coreboot? History Why use coreboot 2 How coreboot works 3 Building and using coreboot Building Flashing 4 Utilities and Debugging 5 Join the community . vimacs (LCPU) coreboot - the free firmware May 19th, 2018 5 / 77 What is coreboot? coreboot is an extended firmware platform that delivers a lightning fast and secure boot experience on modern computers and embedded systems. As an Open Source project it provides auditability and maximum control over technology. The word ’coreboot’ should always be written in lowercase, even at the start of a sentence. vimacs (LCPU) coreboot - the free firmware May 19th, 2018 6 / 77 History: from LinuxBIOS to coreboot coreboot has a very long history, stretching back more than 18 years to when it was known as LinuxBIOS. -
Licensing & Paradigms
Licensing & Paradigms System and Network Administration Revision 2 (2020/21) Table of contents ▶ What is FOSS ▶ Intellectual Property What is FOSS What is Free and Open Source Software?… ==> SHOW AND SHARE THE RECIPE ▶ written Free Software ▶ written Open Source alone ▶ written open-source something as an ajective ▶ FOSS to be politically correct with both communities… Who is leading the movement(s)?… ==> A fundamentalist – morality come first Richard Matthew Stallman And a realist – efficiency comes first Eric Steven Raymond Schools of thoughts / Paradigms fundamentalism vs. realism ▶ FSF GNU RMS (socialists) ▶ OSI ESR (elitists) ▶ Linus Torvalds (not into politics) ▶ BSD freaks (anarchists & despots) preliminary note Most known distros Debian / Ubuntu Fedora / Redhat / CentOS All are GNU/Linux Linux -- the kernel GNU -- the userland RMS ▶ ~1980 (27 years old), works at MIT/AI lab ▶ wants to fix the driver of the Xerox printer ▶ software used to be free/open, it was the default ▶ he faced a non-disclosure agreement ▶ GNU’s Not Unix, Sep 1983 – no UNIX(tm) code ▶ wrote Emacs ▶ January 1984, quits MIT/AI lab ▶ FSF, Oct 1985 ▶ talks at parliements ▶ paranoid & activist ▶ refuses any binary blob incl. firmwares ▶ Coreboot is not enough –> Libreboot ▶ what about micro-codes? ▶ against Intel Management Engine “backdoor” ▶ against DRM but not necessarily against TPM Thinkpad X200 with Libreboot Trisquel no binary blob at all (but cpu micro-code) ▶ RMS was right about Intel ME ▶ Ermolov and Maxim Goryachy @Positive Technologies Intel Management Engine https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Management_Engine#Disabling_the_ME https://github.com/corna/me_cleaner Learning curves ESR ▶ likes guns and liberty ▶ The New Hacker’s Dictionary, 1996 ▶ Fetchmail in 1996 ▶ The Cathedral and the Bazaar, Oct 1999 In short ▶ the bazaar is advocated ▶ goes with evolution of SCM and the GIT story Open Source Initiative in 1998 ▶ –> Free Software for business and not for moral terms ▶ Jon “maddog” Hall, Larry Augustin, Eric S. -
Installing Parabola on Libreboot with Full Disk Encryption (Including /Boot)
Home Packag2e6s00:1F18W:1i2kAi4:C000F:3o7rBu:Am0B6:E9ICs0s:4uDe6s0 talkP forro tjheisc itps addresDs ownllooga idn navigation page discussion view source history Main page Table of Contents Recent changes Random page Installing Parabola on Libreboot with full disk Help encryption (including /boot) search Search i18n Go Search Dansk – Deutsch – English – Esperanto – Español – Euskera – Français – Galego – tools Indonesia – Italiano – Lietuviškai – Magyar – Nederlands – Polski – Português – Română – What links here Slovenský – Suomi – Svenska – Türkçe – Česky – Ελληνικά – Български – Русский – Related changes ไทย – 日本語 – 正體中文 – 简体中文 – 한국어 – ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺑﻳّﺔ – עברית – Special pages Српски – Українська Printable version Permanent link Page information Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016 Leah Rowe <[email protected]> Copyright © 2015 Jeroen Quint <[email protected]> Copyright © 2016 Albin Söderqvist Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front‐Cover Texts, and no Back‐ Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the page “GNU Free Documentation License”. Libreboot on x86 uses the GRUB payload by default, which means that the GRUB configuration file (where your libreboot GRUB menu comes from) is stored directly alongside libreboot and its GRUB payload executable inside the flash chip. This means that both installing and managing GNU/Linux distributions are handled slightly differently compared to traditional BIOS systems. On most systems, it is necessary to have at least an unencrypted /boot partition (while the others, including root, may be encrypted). This is so that GRUB, and therefore the kernel, can be loaded and executed, because the boot firmware itself can't open a LUKS volume. -
Linux Установка Linux ROSA Desktop
Установка Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 KDE Plasma и обзор дистрибутива https://info-comp.ru/drugieopersistemi/735-linux-rosa-desktop-fresh-r11.html Приветствую Вас на сайте Info-Comp.ru! Сегодня мы подробно рассмотрим процесс установки на компьютер дистрибутива операционной системы Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 с графической оболочкой KDE Plasma , а также мы поговорим об особенностях данной версии дистрибутива. Содержание Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 Особенности Linux ROSA FRESH R11 KDE Plasma – обзор нововведений Системные требования Linux ROSA FRESH R11 KDE Plasma Пошаговая установка Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 KDE Plasma Шаг 1 – Скачивание установочного образа Шаг 2 – Создание установочного носителя Шаг 3 – Загрузка с установочного носителя Шаг 4 – Выбор языка Шаг 5 – Принятие условий лицензионного соглашения Шаг 6 – Выбор раскладки клавиатуры Шаг 7 – Выбор способа переключения между раскладками клавиатуры Шаг 8 – Выбор часового пояса Шаг 9 – Настройка даты и времени Шаг 10 – Разметка жесткого диска Шаг 11 – Установка (копирование файлов) Шаг 12 – Параметры загрузки Шаг 13 – Задаём пароль для администратора (root) Шаг 14 – Создание пользователя Шаг 15 – Задаем имя компьютера Шаг 16 – Выбор сервисов Шаг 17 – Завершение установки Скриншоты Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 KDE Plasma Видео-инструкция по установке Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 KDE Plasma Linux ROSA Desktop FRESH R11 ROSA Desktop FRESH – это бесплатный дистрибутив операционной системы Linux, предназначенный для домашних компьютеров. Его можно абсолютно свободно без каких-либо регистраций скачать и установить на домашний компьютер. Разработкой и поддержкой дистрибутива занимается Российская компания «РОСА» ( ООО «НТЦ ИТ РОСА» ), поэтому на этот дистрибутив точно стоит обратить внимание. На текущий момент актуальной версией дистрибутива является версия ROSA Desktop FRESH R11, она доступна с графическими оболочками : KDE 4, KDE Plasma 5, Xfce и LXQt. -
Open Online Meeting
Open online meeting Project report 2021 1 Content Page ➢ Objectives and background ○ Background, current situation and future needs 3 ○ Purpose and aim of the project 4 ○ Implementation: Preliminary study 5 ○ Functionalities 6 ➢ Results of the study ○ Group 1: Web-conferencing and messaging solutions 7 ○ Group 2: Online file storage, management and collaboration platforms 21 ○ Group 3: Visual online collaboration and project management solutions 30 ○ Group 4: Online voting solutions 37 ➢ Solution example based on the study results ○ Selection criteria 42 ○ Description of the example solution 43 ➢ Next steps 44 2021 2 Background, current situation and future needs Municipalities in Finland have voiced a need to map out open source based alternatives for well-known proprietary online conferencing systems provided by e.g. Google and Microsoft for the following purposes: ➢ Online meeting (preferably web-based, no installation), ➢ Secure file-sharing and collaborative use of documents, ➢ Chat and messaging, ➢ Solution that enables online collaboration (easy to facilitate), ➢ Cloud services, ➢ Online voting (preferably integrated to the online meeting tool with strong identification method that would enable secret ballot voting). There are several open source based solutions and tools available for each category but a coherent whole is still missing. 2021 3 Purpose and aim of the project The purpose in the first phase of the project was to conduct a preliminary study on how single open source based solutions and tools could be combined to a comprehensive joint solution and research the technical compatibility between the different OS solutions. The project aims to create a comprehensive example solution that is based on open source components.