ICES STATUTORY MEETING 1993 C•H. 1993/M: 15 Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee Ref.J.
SIZE OF THE SEA TROUT /SALHO TRUTTA L./ EGGS BASEn OB SEVEH IBVESTIGATEn POLISH RIVERS.
by
R. Bartel i /, H. ParlinskaZ/
1/ Inland Fisheries Institute • River Fisheries Laboratory Reduta Zbik 5, 80-761 Gdansk, Poland
c/ Waraaw AgriculturaJ University Rakowiecka c6/30 02-528 Warszawa, Poland
ABSTRACT
The aim of the paper was to compare size of sea trout eggs from 7 Polish rivers. Length oF females varied from 39 to 91 cm .. The biggest females were in the Vistula River and the smallest ones in the Grabowa River, average lengths were 69.9 cm and 60.2 cm, respectively. Egg atze was correlated with length of females. It
was ataled some difFerences of egg atze among sea trout populations. It was not statcd that egg atze from one river was bigger in compare to other populations. LICES STATUTORY fvlEETING 1993 C.M.1993/M:15 Anacat Fish Comm. " Ref.:J. Size .Qf the sea tro~t (Salmo trutta L.) eggs based on seven investigated Polish rivers.
Ryszard Bartel 1/. Haria parli6skae/
1/ Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn. River Fisheries Laboratory 1n Gdansk.
2/ Main School of Farming. Warsaw . •
1. Introduction.
The aize of egge is a charactp.ristic feature of each
speeies. however there ean oecur relatively big differences in
their aize. the latter being related to a number of affeeting
faetors, with the main ones being as follows: the fish age l.?O."~~<2.M~'Q:I NlJkg-n clro ... ~'11-9 (Sklower, 1930; Davis, 19~3; Skroehowaka, 19~3; artel, TU) the
size of spawners (Juszezyk, 19~1; Pekarkova, 19~6; Allen, 19~8;
Dumas, 1961; SehMperelans. 1961; Sakowiez, 1961; Seott. 1962; • Steffens, 1963; Me Faddp.n et al., 196~; Szezerbowaki, 1966; ~h t.l kCVii :Ü·;'(' et a..t. ~ Bulkley, 1967; Hardy, 1967; Farid Pak, 19~ both - the fish age
and the size of spawners (Terleeki, Kempinska, 19~6; Sakowskaja,
1973; Chelkowski et al., 198:5) and the jemales feeundity (MMär,
1949; Svärdson. 1949; Rounaefell, 19~7; Allen. 19~8; Pope et al.,
1961; Seott. 1962). Some authors indieate the changing environmental eonditions
aa a factor affeeting the atze of eggs. Me Fadden et al. (196~)
coneluded that in the caae of brown trout there were observed
<1ifferences between populations from some rivers an<1 these 2 - .'
differences lied in different diameters of eggs what in
consequence found its refleetion in feeundity. AI~o Larsson and
Piekova (1978) and Anohina, Bakulina (1990) observed differenees
in eggs size of salmon from various rivers. Määr (1950) relates
the differenees in eggs size of po'pulations of Salmo alpinus to
the fish size and ·.their feeundi ty.
The sea trout oeeurs in all the Polish rivers flowing into
the Baltie Sea. There are some growth differenees between these
populations, and theRe differenees are mainly visible between the
trout population from the Vistula river and the populations of trout from the Middle and Western Pomerania (Chrzan, 1959i • Zarneeki, 1963i Chelkowski, 1969i BarteI, 1988).
As there are some differences in growth of sea trout from
Follsh rivers the question waa raiaed whether there are also
differenees in aize of eggs of these various populations.
2. Material and methoda.
During the artiflcial spawning of the Vistula sea trout
performed in November and December of 1983 at gwibno and the
artificial spawning of the Pomerania trout - from thel:.eb<;1.'...riv.:: •
in I:.eba, from the S}upia river in S}upsk, from the Wieprza river
in Darlowo, from.the Grabowa river i~ Je±yczki, the Parseta river
in RotJcino, the Rega river in Trzebiatow (Fig.l.) - some dozens
of eggs have been colleeted from part of the femal es.· The egga
were submerged in water in order:to let them swell and on the
.. . . following day the volume· of dislodged water, by 30 eggs, was ; measured. The obtained values were used in further eonsideration.
The eggs were collected from 1825 females (Tab.l) measured with 1
cm aecuraey. This numher of females made up 54.7X of all the
artificially spawned. females of sea trout. in 1983 (BarteI,
I .------I
~",..::"
- 3
Zielinski. 1986} • Thi S ,perc,e.nta.ge ranged from 45.01. for femal es
from Grabowa and Rega rivers to 73.51. - from the Slupia river. The
eggs for the measurements were collected from two spawnings in
both heba and Pars~ta. up to seven spawnings in Slupia (Tab.1).
The one way analysis of variance and the linear regression
were used to study the eggs size from the 7 Polish rivers. The
linear regression was applied in order to achieve an answer to the
question whether there are diffe~ences in stze of eggs obtained
from t~out populations from different rivers. For the cases when
sampIes from·the 7 rivera were available the following equation of • linear regression was determined:
y = -+- b:x:
where:
x - volume of aea trout egga from the river "I". i = 7
Y- volume of sea trout eggs from the river "y". j = 7
At the significance level L = 0.01 the hypotheses were veryfied:
Ho : b = t. and Ho : a = 0 •what ls equivalent to the sUbstantial hypothesis assuming that the volumes of sea t~out eggs are the same. The analysis was performed
on a basis of mean values and for the range of fiah length 57-83
cm. For all the listed rive~s the re~ression fun~tion. describing
the dependence of eggs volume (feature "y") on fish length (feature "x"). was etetermine<1. Sucl1. anal ys1s was made for both the
original data and the mean values.
The PeorsonJs test XC was applieet to check the agreement
betwcen the etlstrlbution of Investigated features (eggs volume and
fiah size) and the 'normal distribution. - 4 - Calculations made for the Pars~ta river gave the following results:
TESTIHG OF HYPOTHESIS
HO: Volume of eggs has normal distribution
x test function = 1.~3~
x critical value (1,0.0~) = 3.841
HO ACCEPTED
TESTIBG OF HYPOTHESIS HO: Volume of eggs has normal.distribution •
x test function = 1.~3~
x critical value (1,0.01) = 6.63~
HO ACCEPTED
TESTIHG OF HYPOTHESIS
HO: Fiah length has normal distribution
x test function = ~.647
x crltlcal value (C,O.O~) = ~.991
HO ACCEPTED
TESTIHG OF HYPOTHESIS
HO: Fish length has normal distribution
x test function = ~.647
x critical value (2,O.Ot) = 9.2t
HO ACCEPTED
The test~ conflrmed the agreement between the obtained distributions and the normal distribution. 5 -
3. Results
3.1. I~ength of females which underwent the artificial spawning.
The ll'!'ngth of females which undprwent the artificial spawning
fluctuated from 39 cm in Grabowa river to 91 cm in Rega river. The
biggest mean length was observed in the case of Vistula sea trout
and that reac.hed:.69.91. c~, whi le the lowest mean l~ngth of 60.22
cm was found in Grabowa river. The mean'length of sea trout fr.om
the Pomerania rivers ranged from 60.22 to 65.04 cm and was
considerably . lower than in the case of Vistula sea trout (Tab.1) ..
These considerable differences resulted from applying of criterion
during gathering of 'spawners caught in Vistula's mouth, at .gwibno . • .Only the spawners weighing above 2.5 kg were sele'cted while such a
criterion was not applied in the case of remainin~ rivers. The
calculated mean )engths of sea trouts, from their length range
57-fit, gave similar result. The mean length of sea trouts from the
Vistula was of 68.8 cm while the fish from remaining rivers had
length varying from 62.7 cm to 66.9 cm (Tab.2). These distinct
differences in mean length between the sea trouts from Vistula and
from the remaining rivers resulted from more common occurrence of
trout females in higher year-classes. For example - the number of
Vistula sea trouts, in the length class 72-76, made up 26.51. of
the total weight of Vistulatrout ußed for spawning. In the case
of remaining rivers the share of this length class ranged from
6.51. in Grabowa river to 16.91. in Pars~ta river. Guite an opposite
plcture gave the 57-61 cm length class as it made up only 9.41. in
the case of Vistula sea trout and from 15.81. in the Rega river to
381. in the Wieprza river, the latter two representing Pomerania
rivers (Tab.2).
The trouts from Slupia and Wieprza were observed in 7 and 4
spawnlngs, respectivel y.. In both cases t.here was a vi sibl e - 6
decrease in length of famales spawned in subsequent spawnings
(Tab.3 and 4). Similar phenomenon, though not so strongly pronounced, was observed in the case of trouts from Slupia river,
being in similar, ~7-83 cm, langth ranga (Tab.3).
3.Z. Egga aize. The eggs size determined by volume of dislodged water by 30
3 3 swallen eggs ranged from 1.3 mm to 3.82 mm •
The first volume concerns ~he trout from Slupia river, having
the length of ~8 cm, and .the second ~ the trout from Leba river with the lAngth 77 cm. • The biggest mean volume of eggs, calculated for the whole
sampIe for the given river, showed the trout obtained from vistula
~ w . 3 river and that was of 2.~6 mm , while the lowest one, 2.20 mm ,
was found in trout from Grabowa river (Tab.!).
3.3. Effect of female atze on the egga aize.
The results from the 7 investi~ated river~ showed that the
s1ze of eggs was incraasin~ with the increasing length of spawned
females (Fi~/2) • Calculation of dependence between the eggs size ;:lnd the female size was limited ~o the length range ~7-83 cm and • it. gave positive correlation with the correlation coefficients
which are as follows (Fi~.3):
1"1 = 0.906 Wieprza river 1"2 = 0.937 Slupia river
1"3 = 0.6~0 Grabowa river river 1"4 = 0.814 Leba
O.8~8 rlver 1"5 = Hega 1"6 = 0.782 Pars~ta river rlver 1"7 = 0.746 Vlstula
-
I .... - 7 -
r 8 = 0.866 all the material.
This dependence, for p~rticular rivers and for the whole material
in the length range 57-83 cm, can be circumscribed with the
followingequations:
Yl = 0.214 + 0.035 x Wieprza
v~ 0.398 0.031 Shlp1a ·C = + x
Y3 = 0.630 + 0.026 x Grabowa
Y4 = 0.058 + 0.037 x Leba
Y5 = 0.450 + 0.029 x Rega
Y6 = 0.552 + 0.027 x ParB~ta • Y7 : 0.856 + 0.024 x Vistula Y8 : 0.453 + 0.030 x whole matert"al.
As it arises from the above functions t.he dependence of eggs
volume on fish size is, in each case, signif1cant at the
confidence level L = 0.1 and it 1s similar in the case of all the
rivers.
3.4. Differences in size of eggs obtained from various trout
populations . • The calculated mean volumes of t.rout. eggs from the 7 rivers, and for fish length being in the range 57-83 cm, showed a visible
differentiation (Tab. 1 and 3). At the same time the mean lengths
of spawned females from the 7 rivers considerably differed (Tab. 1 ,
2). As there is dependence between the length of trout females and
the eggs volume (Chapter 3.3) the·analyais, leading to finding of
pOBaible differences in eggs atze from various populations, was
baBed on mean eggs volumes for the fish of length range 57-83 cm.
It was found that the trout egge from one river are not by
far bigger aB compared with e~gB from the.remaining rivers. A - 8 -
considerable differentiation w~s, however, observed between volume
of eggs obtained from' populations from somerivers (Tab.5).
One way analysis of variance (characteristic - eggs volume,
factor river) confirms the differenti~tion in eggs volume
depending on the river, therefore, on the environment (Tab.6).
4. Diacuaaion
In populations of the sea trout from the Polish rivers there
are obaerved spawners which hav~ gone through one aeasonal stay in
the aea (A.O+). two or three stays (A.1+; A.E+) or older. The femalea at the age of A.1+ and A.E+ represent the higgest share in • apawning. The share of ind1vidllala at the age A;O+ 1s lower and at
the age A.3+ or older is yet lower (Chelkowski, 1969; Zarnecki,
1963) .
Lt is known from the scale reading that the trouts from
Pomerania rivera reached the length from 41 cm to ~8.6 cm - after
their first year of atay in the sea; from 60 cm to 68.9 cm - after
the aecond year and from 67.8 cm to 77.~ cm - after thp thirrt year
of residence in the se~ (Chrz~n, 19~9; Chelkowski, 1969, 1974).
The Vistula se~ trout reached at A.O+ - from 4ö.E cm to ö5.c cm, at A.1+ - from 62.9 cm 'to 67.7 cm, at A.2+ - from 76.6 cm to • 79.9 cm (Zarnecki, 1963; Sych, 1970).
The tagging experiment showed that the trouts from the
Vistula reached 47.4 cm - ö3.7 cm - after the first aeason, 68.3 -
69.ö cm - after the second season and 7~.3 - 79.4 cm - after the ßa.d'.ie. L·ß,).,ül ~g' thi~d seasonin the sea Pa}ka, Bieniarz, 1983; Bartel, 1988).
The tagRed tronts f'rom Grabowa river reached on average ~1.e.
cm (range 40-6~ cm), 62.3 cm (rang~ 40-77 cm) and 68 cm. after the
first. the aecond and third year of stay in the sea waters, - 9 -
respective I y .(ßl.-l".YtI?L .dS1),'
Taking the above data into account it canbe said that in the
collected material from the Vistula river there prevailed
individulas at the age A.1+ and A.2+. The share of older age
groups was insignificant. The materials gathered from the
Pomerania rivers included also the age group A.O+, but its share
was small.
As the age of femals, from which the eggs for size
determination were gathered, was not defined and, as, at the same
time, the length distribution of the trout made it impossihle to • segregate iish into age claases it is difficult, in such a s 1. tuation, ", t'o state about, inf I llenC':e 0 f' fema IR 'age onto eggs size'. '
However, the observed by numerOUB authors effect of female'g
length onto eggB size (Juszczyk, 1951; Pekarknva, 1956; Allen,
1958; Dumas, 1961; Skliperelans, 1061; Sakowiez, 1961; Seott, 1962;
SteffenB, 1963; Me Fadden et al., 1965; Szezerbowski, 1966;
Bulkley, 1967; Hardy, 1967; Farid Pek, 1968; Chelkow~ki et al.,
1985) was also visible in the ease of the trout from Vistula and
Pomerania.
Ther.e were observed some differeneeR in si7.p. of eggR
originating from variouB trout popUlations, and a similar
phenomenon was observed in salmon from three Swedish rivers
(Larsson, Piekova, 197A) and in salmon from Russian rivers
(Anohina, Bakulina, 1990). Some authors were relating theRe
differenees to fueundity of brown trout (Me Fadden et al., 1965)
or to the size of Salmo alpjnus L. females,and their flleundity
(Määr, 1950). However, in the caBe nf trouts from Pollsh riverB
there was not obaerved domination of egga aize of any popUlation!
though some dlfferenees between popUlations were seen. - 10 -
Acknowledgements:
The authors would like to thank Dr~. Goryezko, M.Se. K.·
Becker and Mrs. J. Rozek, the employees of the Inland Fisheries
Institute, for their help during eolleetion of the material, and
Mrss. H. Masierak and J. Kardela for their assistance when
elaborating the data.
/Translated by Mrs. M.Pastuszak/ •
-e
~ ; .n Table 1. Number of sea trouts spawned in 1983 in 7 Polish rivers and number of sea trouts from whieh the eggs for size determination were eolleeted.
F e m a I e s Bumber of Length of Average spawnings females (em) volume of 30 egge Ho. River Loeality Spawned Observed Total Observed Average Hin. Hal[. sn (mi) Ho. Ho. Y.
1 . Vistula Swibno 163 118 72.4 4 69.2 57 83 7.625 2.56 2. Leba Leba 273 142 52.0 2 63.0 47 80 9.723 2.39 3. Slupia Slupia 795 584 73.5 7 63.6 44 82 11 .930 2.33 4. Wieprza Darlowo 411 241 58.9 3 64.5 48 82 9.548 2.44 5. Grabowa Jezyezki 903 406 . 45.0 3 59.3 39 82 10.928 2.20 6. Pars~ta Roseino 188 90 47.9 2 63.8 48 79 8.461 2 .28 ...... 7. Rega Trzebiat6w 545 245 45.0 3 64.7 49 91 11.153 2 • 3~ ......
TOTAL 3340 1826 ~4. 7 24 39 91
. , Table 2. Average l~ngth of females (ern) and share (;.) of sea trouts frorn 57-81 cm length range in five-centimetre-length-elasses and rnean volume (mm) of30 eggs in 7 Polish rivers.
Bumber of Pereentage of" females in length classes Average length· SD Average volume of" Rlver females 57-61 62-66 67-71 72.-76 77-81 (cm) 30 egfs (mm ~' ..
Vistula 1 17 9.4 14.5 38.5 26.5 1 1 . 1 69.8 2.60 Leba 106 20.8 27.4 37.7 7.5 6.6 62.7 2.39 Slupia 456 29.2 29.2 26.3 12.3 3.0 65.4 2.40 Wieprza 184 38.0 25.5 16.9 16.3 3.3 65.0 2.50 Grabowa 276 30.8 3915 23.2 6.5 64.0 2.29 Pars~ta 77 29.9 22.0 29.9 16.9 1 .3 65.7 2.31 Rega 209 15.8 29.6 36.4 13.9 4.3 66.9 2.39
IV I Table 3. Average length of sea trouts from Slupia in length ranges 44-85 em and 57-83 em spawned in 7 sUbsequent sapwnings and average volumes of 30 eggs (mI).
Subse- Date L E B G T H 0 F T R 0 U T F E HA L E S (em) quent s:paw- f'rom 44 em to 85 em from 57 em to 83 em n1ngs ' . Bumber of Length (em) Volume of' Bumber of' Length (em) Volume of' SD 30 ergs SD 30 efgs females average range (mI f'emales . average range (mI . from to f'rom to
1 .02. 1 1 64 65.3 48 - 8e 6.47 e.319 60 66. 1 57 - 82 5.64 2.332 2 11. 11 74 64.7 50 - 85 7.02. 2..356 66 65.7 57 - 80 2..386 3 15 . 1 1 36 65.0 53 - 83 6.65 2..301 32 66.3 57 - 83 2..357 4 17 . 1 1 65 64.8 50 - 80 6.65 2..374 57 66.3 57 - 80 2.403 5 2.1.11 55 61 .9 44 - 78 7.30 2..32.9 42. 64.8 57 - 78 2.387 6 2.4.11 116 62..6 48 - 83 7.36 2..352. 90 65.4 57 - 83 2.42.4 7 2.9.11 174 60.2. 45 - 83 7.56 e.2.92. 1 1 4 64.3 57 - 83 5.83 2..443
TOTAL: 584 62..8 44 - 85 7.40 2.32.6 461 65.4 57 - 83 2.339
...... - 14 -
. Tabl e 4. Average 1ength (ern) ofsea t.rout femal es and average vol umes ,I of 30 ~ggs of Vistula sea trorit in 4 subsequent spawnings.
~.
Tahl~~. Gomparison of average volumes of sea trout egga from 7 Polish rivers.
Vistula Pars~t.a Rega Wieprza l:.eb~ Grabowa Slupia
x x Vistula 0.07 0 -0. 14 -0.16 O. I 1 -O.O~ x Pars~ta -0.07 -Ü.21 -0.23x -0.04 -0.12 e x x Rega -0. 14 -0. 15 O. 11 -O.O~ Wieprza -0.02 0.25x 0.09 Leba 0.27x O. 1 1 Grabowa -0. 15x Slupia
NIR = 0;13 x - differences at the sign1ficance level p = 0.01
1;. ~1' , _. ...~ .. - 15 -
Table 5. One way analysis of variance.
Feature: volume ():f egga Factor: river
- Vistula
Co - Pars~ta 3 - Rega
4 - Wieprza
5 - 1:.eba
5 - Grabowa
7 - S}upia • Table of analysis of variance
FACTOR OF DF MS F ernp
blocks 24 0.25 10.49xX factor 5 0.25 10.55xX p.rror 144 0.02
Mean vector
2.45 2.39 2.45 2.6 2.52 2.35 • 2.51
NIR = 0.13
xx - L=O.Ol - 16 - r~e fe I-enees
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• Fig.l. Places of ürtificinl ~r,"1'.'·f1jrl(l f-f '30:l trPlJt in f.'(.ll:llld .
..
• " -. m~ A VIS1\JLA 2 - -- 5tlJPIA 3,0 3 ...... W\E.l'R~A 3,0 'i LEf,A 5 -- -- ~RAßOh'fI ••• 6 • 4 ...... , .... . RE~A • . • '1 ------PAR'i;.TA .• •. ..,• •' ,. •• • 2,5 2.'5
..... • :3. • •• ...
2.0
1-----:+----l----+----+----~--_l_---l1l.,:l- Lt1- 52- 57- 62- 67 - 12. - 11-B~ -5-1 -56 -f,1 -106 -:t1 -16 c.m
Fig.2. Average volume Imll of '3D eggs aoainst length in 5 centimetors einsses 'of sea traut fram 7 Polish rivers ·. •..
2.~
2.8
2.6
• 2.257 67.4 72.6 77.8 83: cm
1 - Y=0.214+0.035tX (Wieprza) 2 - Y=0.398+0~031tX (Slupia) ~ - Y=0.63+0.026tX (Grabowa) 4 - Y=0.058+0.037tX (Leba) 5 - Y=O.45+0.029tX (Re9a) 6 - Y=0.552+0.027tX (Parseta) 7 - Y=0.856+0.024tX (Vistula/ 8 - Y=0.433+0.03tX (all materialsl
F;_~. 3 - Relationship of a volums Imll of 30 eggs a..::ainst • s~a tr0~tl~nffthin 7.Eolish sea ttout ~opulations.