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CHAPTER 2 : ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES

2.1 Undergraduate Academic Programme

The Faculty of Civil at UTM first introduced the Bachelor of Engineering (Civil Engineering) course in 1972. Over the years the syllabus and curriculum has been redeveloped several times to meet the needs of the changes that occur in the civil engineering industry. For each curriculum development, the The practice of civil engineering has overall philosophy of the curriculum is to changed and is changing dramatically. provide an educational environment in This is due to a number of external and which aspiring engineers will develop a internal factors. The external factors that sound grasp of engineering principles and impinge on the profession are : their limitations, based on a thorough understanding of the underlying physical - a high demand for development of behaviour and laws; to combine technical facilities to serve an affluent society competence with common sense, enabling - a sudden public sensitivity to them to gain indepth specialist knowledge environmental concerns to develop problem solving and conceptual - rapid inflation and materials shortages skills; and an ability to apply such skills to solve real design and decision problems. The internal factors affecting the profession are : This emphasis of the courses is on the development of generic skills and a - much use of electronic computation thorough grounding in engineering - new techniques for the efficient principles and their application. The key management and conduct of the objective is the development of construction process understanding, with a focus on Knowing - design incorporating systems analysis Why, not simply Knowing How and and the design team approach Knowing What. - changes in the of future engineers

22

developed for the student of the year 2000 intake in order to improve further the quality of graduates produced by the University.

The rapid technology advancements taking place in todays world, the ever changing socio-economic and political scenario as well as the demand on the professional Civil Engineer to take a leadership role not only the design team • The early years give a solid but in the social-political arena of the foundation in the behaviour and analysis world in which we live serve to of structures, civil engineering materials strengthened further the necessity for the and fluids. The core years aim to provide civil engineering curriculum to be the necessary education in the perpetually improved and updated. fundamentals of civil engineering and associated technologies to enable The civil engineering curriculum of today graduates to succeed at the highest levels must be flexible, not too standardized and in the profession. An important additional emphasizing on things considered aim of the core years is to develop skills irrelevant to the current needs of the and nurture. profession. Curriculum must be • Qualities relevant to professional continually updated and developed in engineering life order to meet the challenge of producing • The technical specialisation years graduates who are well qualified to enter aim to provide a foundation o f key this profession effectively and practice technical knowledge relevant to general competently throughout their careers. In engineering practice around which view of these needs, The Faculty of Civil students can build a specialised technical Engineering, had embarked on curriculum portfolio. An important goal of the development exercises in 1983, 1993 and specialisation years is to develop the 1996. The latest curriculum is being ability in undergraduates to tackle

23 complex engineering projects of a multidisciplinary nature and of direct relevance to industry.

The total credit has been in the range of 159 – 163. These curriculum fulfills the basic requirements of the Institution of Engineers and the Board of Engineer Malaysia. Each curriculum had also received feedback from the Faculty’s Curriculum Advisory Panel whose members include representatives from Public Works Department, Department of Environment, Drainage and Irrigation Department, a few other professional bodies and consultant firms. A breakdown of the credits distribution (%) for undergraduate study is given in TABLE

2.1.

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The Faculty of Civil Engineering also offers Diploma in Civil Engineering Course. The objective of the course is to train, educate and produce semi-professional graduates as Technical Assistants in the field of Civil Engineering. It aims is to develop

Technical Assistants that are

TABLE 2.1 Breakdown of the credit distributions in subjects offered by the faculty for undergraduate study

CATEGORY / SUBJECTS %

1. Basic Sciences 15% - 20% Mathematics Physics and Chemistry

2. GENERAL and Humanities 15% - 20% Language Malaysian Studies Philosophy of Sciences / religious Co-Curriculum

3. SUPPORTING 3% - 5 % Mechanical and Electrical Systems Principle of Economics Computer skills

4. CORE CIVIL 55% - 65% Structures and Materials Hydraulics and Hydrology Geotechnique and Transportation Environment Construction Civil Engineering Laboratory Surveying

5. ENGINEERING ELECTIVES 7 % - 10%

25 knowledgeable, confidently experienced can enter directly into the third year of the and skilled in planning, analysis, design B. Eng course. The entry requirements and project supervision. The duration of are as follows: the course is 3 years and the total credit hours has been in the range of 92-103. The breakdown of the credits distribution is given in TABLE 2.2.

TABLE 2.2 : Breakdown of the credit distributions in subject offered by the faculty for Diploma Programme

CATEGORY / SUBJECTS %

1. Basic Sciences 15% - 20% Mathematics Physics and Chemistry

2. GENERAL and Humanities 15% - 20% Language Malaysian Studies Philosophy of Sciences / religious Co-Curriculum

3. SUPPORTING 3% - 5 % Electrical Technology Computer skills

4. CORE CIVIL 57% - 65% Structures and Materials Hydraulics and Hydrology Geotechnique and Transportation Environment Construction Civil Engineering Laboratory Surveying

Entry into the course has 3 levels. School level after SPM will be admitted into the first year. Graduates of Polytechnics will be admitted into the second year of the Diploma course, while Diploma graduates

26

1999. From 1997 the Diploma course has been managed by the Diploma Education Centre based at the campus.

However the standard and integrity of the

course is still being scrufinised by the

TABLE 2.3 : Entry Requirements

Entry qualification Entrant Diploma B Eng Year

SPM 1st 3 credits 5 credits

Polytechnic Certificate 2nd CPA > 2.7 N.A.

Diploma in CE 3rd N.A. CPA > 2.7

faculty. The full content of the curriculum used in Degree and Diploma courses listed To date the Faculty of Civil Engineering in APPENDIX B1 and B2 respectively. has produced 2506 civil engineering graduates since its first graduates in 1977, and 5139 Diploma graduates from 1972 –

1000

900

800

700

600

3rd yr 500 2nd yr 1st yr

400 Number of students enrolled students of Number 300

200

100

0 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Year

27

3000

2500

2000

5th 4th 1500 3rd 2nd 1st

Number of students enrolled 1000

500

0

2 7 9 4 6 1 3 7 74 76 7 78 7 81 83 8 8 88 90 9 9 95 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Year 19 1973 1 1975 1 19 1 19 1980 1 1982 1 19 1985 19 1987 1 1989 1 19 1992 19 1994 1

Figure 2.2 : B Eng. Students Enrolment

2.2 Postgraduate Studies enrolment of quality students from within the country and abroad. For a very long period since its establishment, the faculty had proven that The Faculty of Civil Engineering started its it is capable in producing high quality civil graduate program in 1981 when an army engineers to fulfill the need of the country. officer from the Ministry of Defence joined However, as an institution of higher in as a part-time research student carried learning, the faculty could not ignore its out a study on prestressed beams. The duties to be excellent in promoting officer successfully completed his study research and advanced knowledge in the and was awarded with a Master Degree in field of Civil Engineering for the benefit of Structural Engineering in 1984. In 1987, the country. It was realised that this the faculty had admitted two postgraduate could only be achieved through students enrolled in the faculty as established postgraduate studies. The academic staff. After successful starts the faculty has to develop a high quality faculty expanded its postgraduate program with adequate staffs and programs very rapidly and received a very equipment in order to attract the good response from students. In 1993 the Faculty of Civil Engineering created a

28 history by producing the first graduate Currently the faculty offers 11 programs with a PhD degree in Structural for master by taught course in 4 major Engineering. In 1993, together with civil engineering fields i.e. structures, Renong Bhd., the faculty started a geotechnical, hydraulic and hydrology and postgraduate diploma program to the environmental engineering. The programs trainees of the Second Link Project. The of taught course and research are listed trainees were attached to the Second Link below. project and with the additional subjects offered by the faculty, the trainees were Masters Taught Course Programmes awarded with postgraduate diploma upon Offered by the Faculty Since 1998. completion of the course. Starting from 1997 the faculty has conducted master program with the cooperation with the Master of Engineering (M. Eng) Indonesian universities.

• Civil and Structural Engineering

During the first semester of 1999/2000 • Civil and Environmental Engineering session a total of 127 enrol as • postgraduate students in the faculty. 36 • Transportation and Highway of them enrol in various master taught Engineering course programs. 27 students carry out • Structural Engineering research work at the PhD level and 64 • Construction and Management students at master level. 19 of the • Engineering Hydrology students are from abroad such as • Irrigation and Water Resources Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and Middle Management

Eastern countries. The full statistics of • Environmental Engineering graduates since 1984 are shown in TABLE Management

2.4 and FIGURE 2.3. • Coastal and Maritime Engineering

• Wastewater Engineering

Master of Science (M.Sc)

• Construction Management (in collaboration with the faculty of Build Environment).

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Research / Engineering Geology / Transport Planning Field of Research available in the Faculty / Highway Engineering are as follows : (iv) Environmental (i) Structures and Materials / Structural Engineering : / Water and Wastewater Bridge, tall building, water Treatment retaining structure / Solid and Hazardous Waste / Ultimate Strength and Plastic Management Theory / Environmental Studies / Structural Dynamics / Civil Engineering Materials The course are conducted on full-time and / Construction Technology part-time basis and also offered through / Construction Management modular system. The modular courses are / Concrete Technology conducted in major towns throughout / Structural Masonry Malaysia depending on the demand. The / Timber Technology syllabus and curriculum has been drafted / Steel Design and Construction based on the need of the country and also / Computer Aided Design prepared for the globalisation era. The / Reinforced and Prestressed programs are now very well received. For Concrete study through research the faculty currently has more than 60 academic (ii) Hydraulics and Hydrology staffs who are qualified to supervise research work at Master and Ph.D levels in / Ground Water Hydrology all field of Civil Engineering. Research / Water Resources Engineering grants are available either from the / River Engineering government fund and industry. With the / Erosion and Sedimentation support of high qualified staffs and among / Boundary Layer Atmosphere the best equipments available in the world we are very optimistic that in the coming (iii) Geotechnics and Transportation millenium the postgraduate studies program in the faculty will expand for the / Geotechnical Engineering benefit of the nation and the region. / Rock Mechanics / Foundation Engineering

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Salihuddin Radin Sumadi the First Ph.d Graduate of the faculty

Three foreign students (Toshiro from Japan, Mazin from Iraq and Chalid from Indonesia) in the computer room of the Structural Lab

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2.3 Part Time Programmes every individual has the intention and Through School of Professional and motivation to self-develop, he/she can be Continuing Education (SPACE) educated and trained, irrespective of age past educational performance. SPACE, as Apart from conducting full time courses as a centre of excellent in continuing our major core business, the faculty of education, helps to enhance and broaden Civil Enginnering actively participates in opportunities in education and the off-campus programmes, which are professionalism. It provides high quality managed by the School of Professional courses with flexible management and Continuing Education (SPACE). method.

SPACE, approved by the Ministry of SPACE coordinates with FKA in offering Education in July 1993, was set up with programmes in undergraduate levels. Its the aim to produce high quality manpower first intake comprised of about 100 and human resources with excellent students and was taught at two centers, educational and training background. The the main campus, Johor Bahru at Skudai

350

300

250 Alor Setar 200 Kuantan Kota Baru 150 K.Terengganu 100 Ipoh K. Lumpur No. of students enrolled 50 P.Pinang Johor Bahru 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Year

FIGURE 2.5 : Student Enrollment (1995-1999) - Undergraduate Programme

manpower is needed to fulfill the local and campus KL at Jalan Semarak. Since demand towards achieving industrial then, the number of students applying for status by year 2020. SPACE is established this program has increased to 313 in the with the philosophy that education is a following year. At present, the total life-long process. SPACE believes that if number of students involved in this

32 program is 815 student. The number of enrols for diploma courses since 1995 to centers opened for this program are also 1998. The curriculum used for the SPACE increased to other 6 new centers such as Program was based on the full time , Ipoh, Kuala Terengganu, Kota courses. Bharu, Alor Setar and Kuantan. FKA with the assistance from the SPACE has successfully produced its first batch FIGURE 2.5 shows the number of student diploma programme of part time taken in each semester since 1995 to 1999 graduates in civil engineering in 1998. for degree courses under the SPACE The total figure of graduates until 1998/99 program. session stands at 242.

FKA is also coordinating with SPACE and Diploma Education Centre in offering 2.4 External Examiners and Diploma courses at Johor Bahru, Penang, Visiting Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Terengganu and /Professionals Kuching. The first Diploma courses started in 1995 with 52 number of Since the establishment of the Technical students. Now the number of students School, Kuala Lumpur, external examiners enrolled for the diploma courses has and visiting professors/professionals have increased to 461 students in 1999. been appointed and invited to the FIGURE 2.6 shows the number of student department/faculty

250

200

Kuching 150 K.Terengganu P.Pinang 100 K.Lumpur Johor Bahru

No. of students enrolled students of No. 50

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year

FIGURE 2.6 : Student enrolment (1995-1999) - Diploma Programme

33 i) To advise and to give core and related subjects and to assist recommendation for the department/faculty in an effort for the development of curriculum and recognition of its diploma/degree syllabus of core and related programme. The late Prof. David Gemmel subjects. McKinlay of University of Strathclyde, ii) To review and assess the quality United Kingdom was the main contributor of test/examination questions & in assisting the Department of Civil solutions and students thesis and Engineering of Universiti Teknologi to provide guidelines and to Malaysia to get the recognition of the comments on related diploma/degree programme in 1977 from matters/subjects the Board of Engineers, Malaysia (BEM), iii) To give lectures/seminars/short the Institution of Engineers, Malaysia course/dialogue in related (IEM) and the Public Services Department, subjects or expertise to the Malaysia (PSD). He is the well-known academic staff and/or students academician from Strathclyde University, iv) To give an expert opinion and who played important role in the concept advise on the existing of the planning of the Faculty of Civil facilities/equipment Engineering in Skudai, Johor. The late v) To assist or to give opinions in Chin Fung Kee of Universiti related researches Malaya and Professor J.V. Huddleston of vi) To assist departments/faculty in State University of New York (SUNY) at related issues in an effect to get a Buffalo, USA, the external recognition from a professional examiners/moderators, were also the main body/agency for any new courses contributors in the recognition of our civil that has not been recognised engineering programme (1972 – 1982). vii) To encourage/promote Prof. David G. McKinlay was re-appointed collaboration between the as an external examiner (overseas) for the department/faculty (FKA) and the faculty for the 1982–1986 period, in faculty/department where the which, the undergraduate programme of visiting professor/external the Faculty of Civil was awarded a 8-year examiner works. recognition from Board of Engineers, Malaysia, the Institution of Engineers, Prior to 1975, the main tasks of any Malaysia (IEM) and Public Services visiting professors/external examiners are Department, Malaysia (PSD) from 1982 to to advise and to recommend for the 1990. Mr. Wan Mohamed Ismail and Mr. development of curriculum and syllabus of Syed Mohamad Shahabudin of Association

34 of Consulting Engineers, Malaysia (ACEM) Lists of the visiting was appointed as the local external professors/professionals incorporated with examiner in 1983–85 and 1985–1986, the faculty since 1995 are as shown in respectively. Prof. P. G. Lowe of University APPENDIX B3. of Auckland, New Zealand was appointed as the second external examiner 2.5 Student Exchange Programme (overseas) in 1990. Some prominent visiting professors/professionals were : The student exchange programme at the Faculty of civil Engineering has been i. Prof. R.N. Swamy – expert in actively promoted in the early 1990’s. structural materials, University of One of the main objectives of the Sheffield, United Kingdom programme is to promote research ii. Prof. Leroy Z. Emkin – founder of collaborations between the faculty and GTSTRUDL, Georgia Technological other foreign institutions/universities. For University, USA example, in 1995, four students from the iii. Prof. G. K. Anderson – expert in University of Newcastle Upon Tyne did environment engineering, their M.Sc projects at the Faculty of Civil University of Newcastle Upon Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Tyne, United Kingdom for 3-4 months under the co-supervision iv. Prof. Kiyisho Kono – expert in of Prof. G.K.Anderson (University of hydraulics and offshore studies, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom University of Tokushima, Japan. and Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai Kassim v. Prof. B. G. Clarke – expert in soil (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia). stabilisation/reinforcement, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom In 1999, there were three students from vi. Prof. Bernhard A. Schrefler – Denmark spent a few months as visiting expert in environmental students/researchers at the Institute of geomechanics and numerical Environment and Water Resources methods, University of Padua, Management (IEWRM), Faculty of Civil Italy Engineering, UTM under the coordination vii. Prof. Age Van Randen – expert in of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Ujang. Table 2.5 open building system research, show a full lists of exchange student Delft University, Netherlands undertake this programme since 1995.

35

Helping hands from Joanne Casey Tina Nielsen and Silas Mogensen and Mary Farrel at the registration were in Malaysia from February to table for a short course organised September 1999. by the IEWRM in 1999

Morten Larsen of the Technical Students from the University of University of Denmark at work. Newcastle Upon Tyne in discussions with the Dean of Faculty of Civil Engineering, UTM

36

TABLE 2.5 : Lists of students involved in the student exchange programme.

Name Title of project Supervisor/s Year Andrew The Treatment of Palm Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1995 Rochester* Oil Mill Effluent using a Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K. Pilot Scale RBC Anderson Sebastian Head* A Study on Aerobic Pilot Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1995 Scale RBC Palm Oil Mill Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K. Effluent Treatment in Anderson Malaysia Ourania Removal of Colour in Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1995 Tsoumani* Textile Effluent using a Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K. Pilot scale Reverse Anderson Osmosis Jayne Preece* A Study on the Aeration Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. 1995 of the Oxidation Pond at Razman Salim and Prof. Dr. the Universiti Teknologi G. K. Anderson Malaysia Emily Payne* Domestic Wastewater Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1996 Treatment using Reed Kassim, Prof. Dr. G. K. Beds Anderson and Dr. Mohd. Ismid Said Alan Stewart* Solid Waste Recycling in Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. 1996 Johor Bahru Razman Salim and Prof. Dr. G. K. Anderson Mary Hussey* Treatment of Textile Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1997 effluent using Biological Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K. Aerated Filters (BAF) Anderson Edwina Heavy* Leachate Treatment Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1997 using Constructed Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K.

Wetlands Anderson Alison Blackshaw* Hazardous Waste in Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. 1997 Johor Bahru Razman Salim and Prof. Dr.

G. K. Anderson John Edward Two-Stage Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1998 McCormack* Anaerobic/Aerobic Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K.

Biological Treatment of a Anderson Textile Effluent and Selected Dyes

Daniel Stewart Assessment of Aeration Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1998 Ledger* in Improving River Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K.

Water Quality Anderson Steve D. W. Hunt* Improvement of Water Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1998 Quality in Sungai Terip Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K. Reservoir through Anderson Aeration Kevin Patrick An Environmental Assoc. Prof. Zainudin 1998 Kelly* Management Plan for Mohamed Shamsudin and the Straits of Johore and Prof. Dr. G. K. Anderson the Johor Bahru Waterfront City

37

Name Title of project Supervisor/s Year Sally Wong* Using Micronutrients to Prof. Dr. Mohd. Azraai 1999 Enhance Wastewater Kassim and Prof. Dr. G. K.

Treatment Anderson Mary Frances Virtual Reality Simulation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Ujang 1999 Farrell# of Sanitary Landfill Site Joanne Casey# Virtual Reality Simulation Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Ujang 1999 of Sanitary Landfill Site Jaroonsit The Effects of Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fadil 1999 Chantrahada* Agricultural Fly Ash on Othman and Prof. Dr. G. K. Turbidity Removal from Anderson Water Sample Silas Blak Distribution and Health Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Ujang 1999 Mogensen • Risk of Arsenic and other and Prof. Dr. T. C. Tjell Compounds Related to Abandoned Tin-mining Pools in Malaysia Tina Mundeling Distribution and Health Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Ujang 1999 Nielsen • Risk of Arsenic and other and Prof. Dr. T. C. Tjell Compounds Related to Abandoned Tin-mining Pools in Malaysia Kirsty McHugh# River Classification Assoc. Prof. Zainudin 1999 Based on Water Quality Mohamed Shamsudin Joanna Lambert# Dye Treatment from Azmi Aris 1999 Textile Industry Morten Larsen • Reclamation and Reuse Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Ujang 1999 of Wastewater at and Prof. Dr. Mogens Henze Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Campus

*Co-supervision under CICHE Collaborative Research Projects with Department of Civil Engineeering, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom # Students from Strathclyde University, Scotland, United Kingdom • Students from the Technical University of Denmark under the Malaysian Universities’ Consortium of Environmental Development (MUCED) – Denmark Universities’ Consortium of Environmental Development (DUCED) collaboration programme

Postgraduate Diploma in Civil Engineering 90 (Construction Management) Doctor of Philosophy

77 Master in Engineering (Civil - Environmental)

Master in Engineering (Civil - Material)

Master in Engineering (Civil - Geotechnical and Transport) 60 Master in Engineering (Civil - Geotechnical)

Master in Engineering (Civil - Hydraul and Hydrology)

Master in Engineering (Civil - Hydraul)

Number Master in Engineering (Civil - Hydrology)

Master in Engineering (Civil - Construction) 30 Master in Engineering (Civil - Transport)

Master in Engineering (Civil - Structure and Material)

12 Master in Engineering (Civil - Structure) 10 11 11 8 8 5 5 Master in Engineering (Civil - Engineering Geology) 3 3 4 2 1 1 2 Master in Engineering (Civil - Hydraulic) 0

1 Master of Science (Construction Management) Programme

FIGURE 2.3 : The Statistics of Postgraduate Students Graduating From 1984 to 1999

TABLE 2.4 : The Statistics of Postgraduate Students Graduating From 1984 to 1999 D : Local Student L : Foreign Student

COURSES 1984 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL

D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L D L

Postgraduate Diploma (Construction Management) 17 34 26 77

Doctor of Philosophy 3 1 2 1 1 7 1

Master of Engineering (Civil-Environment) 2 1 2 2 1 3 1 12

Master of Engineering (Civil-Material) 1 1 1 2 1

Master of Engineering (Geotechincal & Transportation) 2 2

Master of Engineering (Civil-Geotechnics) 1 1 1 2 1

Master of Engineering (Civil-Hydraulics and Hydrology) 3 2 1 2 8

Master of Engineering (Civil-Hydraulics) 2 2 1 2 3

Master of Engineering (Civil-Hydrology) 2 1 1 4

Master of Engineering (Civil-Construction) 1 1

Master of Engineering (Civil-Transportation) 1 1 1 1 1 5

Master of Engineering (Civil-Structure and Material) 1 1 3 2 2 1 9 1

Master of Engineering (Civil-Structure) 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 2

Master of Engineering (Civil-Engineering Geology) 1 1

Master of Engineering (Civil-Hydraulics) 1 1 1 1

Master of Science (Construction Management) 1 10 1 10

TOT AL : 143 20