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Testing the Efficacy of Bio-Insecticides to Control Lygus Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Alfalfa Seed Production

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Testing the Efficacy of Bio-Insecticides to Control Lygus Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in Alfalfa Seed Production Testing the efficacy of bio-insecticides to control Lygus bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in alfalfa seed production . Francisco Llamas-Gonzales 1, Bruce Roberts 1, Antonino Cusumano 2, and Jorge M. González 1 1Department of Plant Science, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA. 2Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Universita` degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy ABSTRACT: Seed production of Alfalfa can be affected by damage from piercing METHODOLOGY: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: sucking insects with Lygus bugs the pest of major concern for alfalfa seed growers. After testing the different pesticides on the randomized alfalfa plots we could Considerable effort has been made to find insecticides that effectively control Lygus The trial was conducted at the College Farm of Fresno State on a check of alfalfa of 50 ft X 1200 ft. The experimental design was a Randomized Block with four replicates with five see the difference in pest count the alfalfa. The different treatments show populations. The aim of our research was to test two biological pesticides (MBI-203, MBI- insecticide treatments and an untreated block. Blocks were 25 ft wide and 75 ft long; variable effects on Lygus bugs and Leafhoppers populations. There were no 206) recently registered in seed alfalfa against two registered synthetic pesticides with 5 ft buffer between replicate blocks. Insecticide treatments were applied on 27 June differences among the treatments for predators and honey bees. (Figs 5 -16 ) (Sivanto 200SL, and Beleaf 50 SG) for control of Lygus on Alfalfa seed production. A field and 21 July 2015 at the rates specified in Table 1. Insecticide treatments were broadcast 5 8 trial was conducted on the College Farm at California State University, Fresno. The two sprays applied using a tractor mounted spray boom, equipped with 7 nozzles operated at 6 7 biological pesticides (MBI-206, at .5 and 1 gal/Ac, MBI-203 at 2 lb/Ac ) and the two 30 psi, and delivering 24.75 gpa in a wide spray swath (Figs 2 & 4). Hasten, a modified synthetic pesticides (Beleaf 50 SG at 2.8 oz/Ac; Sivanto 200SL at 2 lb/Ac) were tested in a vegetable oil surfactant (Wilber-Ellis Company) was applied at 0.25% vol/vol in tank mixtures with each insecticide treatment. All treatments were applied twice (Table 1) randomized block design with four replications. Sampling of Lygus populations were 11 12 done for each block (and replications) prior to application then 5 and 10 days post 9 10 Table 1. Seed Alfalfa Insecticide Efficacy Trial, Fresno, California, 2015. application, and one day prior to the second application, plus 3 and 12 days post application. Analysis comparing populations of other piercing insects, as well as Treatment Rate/acre Appl. Date predators and parasitoids were also done. Our preliminary assessments indicate that the A. Beleaf 50SG 2.8 oz 27 June & 21 July biopesticide MBI-206 (at both rates) and Sivanto 200SL had the best effects in B. MBI-203 2 lb 27 June & 21 July 13 14 15 16 diminishing Lygus populations. Effects on other pests and on natural enemies will be C. MBI-206 0.5 gal 27 June & 21 July presented. This project was supported by the California Seed Alfalfa Research Board. D. Sivanto 200SL 14 fl oz 27 June & 21 July E. Control - untreated ------------ ----------- INTRODUCTION: A field trial was conducted on the College Farm at California State F. MBI-206 2 gal 27 June & 21 July Figures. 5-16: comparison of different pesticide treatments tested in alfalfa for seed University, Fresno to investigate the efficacy of insecticides for control of Lygus bug (LB) production. Effects of treatments on : Lygus bugs ( Figs. 5-8); Leafhoppers ( 9-12 ); Predators ( Figs. Surfactant (Hasten) added to each spray mixture @ 0.25% vol/vol. (Lygus hesperus ) populations affecting seed production in alfalfa. Besides, the effect on 13-14 ); and Honey Bees ( Figs. 15-16 ). other insects including threecornered alfalfa hoppers (Membracidae), sharpshooters and Table 2. Estimated yield of seeds per treatment. Fresno County four year average seed production 800 Lb/Ac, leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) were also studied. We also studied the impact of the tested Before the first application of treatments, insects present along the check were collected Fresno Co Crop and Livestock reports 2011-2014 pesticides on predators such as Assassin Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), Big Eyed Bugs by sweeping (five 180 ° sweeps per site) at 24 randomly chosen sites along the area Treatment Estimated Yield (Lbs/Acre) (Hemiptera: Geocoridae), and Pirate Bugs (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). By reasons of where the blocks would be located, just to assess the number of insects (Lygus , other Control – untreated (E) 484.62 space, we only present the results on the effect of the tested pesticides on the Lygus bug pests, predators, parasitoids and honey bees) present (Fig 1). Later, during each Beleaf50SG (A) 901.08 populations. evaluation after the pesticides applications, ten 180 ° sweeps per plot were collected Sivanto 200SL (D) 1148.4 MBI-203 (B) 551.46 The main aim of these trials was to test two biological insecticides: The insecticide with a standard 15-inch diameter sweep net (Fig 3). Sweep net samples were bagged, MBI-206 .5 (C) 969.18 MBI-203 is a biological insecticide registered by Morrone Bio Innovations for use on killed with ethyl acetate, labeled and frozen for later counting in the laboratory. After MBI-206 2 (F) 685.14 alfalfa grown for seed or for hay known as GrandevoTM. MBI-206 (Burkholderia sp. strain identification and counting, numbers of all insects collected were placed in groups (as Lygus : When looking at 5 & 11 days after 1st application the treatments that show best control are A396) is the other biological insecticide tested and produced by Morrone Bio Innovations described above) were used to calculate for analysis. On September 16, mature seed Beleaf 50SG, MBI-206 .5, Sivanto 200SL, and MBI-206 2gal by reducing populations below UTC. Prior to and currently registered for crop use in the USA under the name VenerateTM and pods were stripped from plants in each treatment replicate. They were then collected in the second application, Lygus population increased and stabilized across all treatments. At the 2nd recently labeled for use on alfalfa. They were compared with two synthetic pesticides: paper bags and dried for two weeks. After drying pods were hand-threshed to prevent application, Lygus populations are so high that no significant difference occurs. However, the best Sivanto, a formulation of the insecticidal active ingredient flupyradifurone developed by loss of seeds, and total amount of seeds from each replicate were collected and weighed control tendencies appear in the treatments with Sivanto 200SL and MBI-206 .5, Sivanto 200SL and Bayer CropScience and registered for use in the USA and California; and Beleaf 50SG (a.i. for each treatment to calculate seed production (Table 2). Treatment results means for MBI-206 2gal (Figs 5-8). flonicamid), available for use in California on alfalfa grown for seed, hay or forage under a Lygus and every insect group were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA. Leafhoppers : A similar situation is observed with these insects. However, the control performed by SLN 24(c) label. In our experimental trials experiment we wanted to evaluate the efficacy Sivanto is longer and significantly different than most of the other treatments, except at 12 days after 2nd application (Figs. 9-12). By this time, seeds are completely formed. of those two bio-insecticides for Lygus control in alfalfa and help develop a database to Predators: The predator populations are not hit hard by the pesticides, and at the end of the cycle support registration in California seed alfalfa. Another aim was to contact manufacturers there is a healthy number of predators in the Alfalfa plots (Figs. 13-14). and distributors of insecticides and advise growers on the effectiveness of the tested Honey Bees : Bees were not monitored on the post 1st application samplings. However, they were pesticides against alfalfa insect pests (but mainly Lygus) and contribute to the general observed pollinating and increasing in numbers at post-treatment dates. Post 2nd application knowledge of these products in California for their use in alfalfa seed production crops as observations showed no significant differences between the different treatments (Figs. 15-16). well as alfalfa hay production. Seed Harvest : The highest seed yields were obtained from the Beleaf 50SG, Sivanto 200SL and MBI- 206 (Venerate TM) at high rate. Those products showed the best overall performance (Table 2). MBI-206 (VenerateTM) could be considered along with Beleaf 50SG & Sivanto 200SL in Lygus control programs in alfalfa seed production. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: We wish to thank the California Alfalfa Seed Production Research Board for generously funding this project. We also thank Bayer CropScience, FMC Corporation Agricultural Products Group, Gar Tootelian and Morrone Bio Innovations for donations of insecticides used in this experiment. We are indebted to Gary Figure 3. Sampling insects in the different plots of alfalfa. Figure 4. Checking all the hoses Chavira, all personnel of the Fresno State College Farm and the students of Row Crops CRSC 101 (Fall 2015) and from the sprayer to make sure everything went right while applying the pesticides. Economic Entomology PltH 103 (Fall 2015) who helped with this study. Special thanks to Dr. Dennis Nef & CSUF Fig. 1. Sweeping insects in Alfalfa plots. Figure 2. Spraying the different treatments on the Provost’s Undergraduate Research Grants for funding the FLl-G Und. Project. Thanks also to Geoff Thurner for random blocks of alfalfa designed for testing against Lygus bugs helping us put together this poster presentation..
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