Stain Removal Can Be Safe and Effective If a Few Simple Rules Are Observed
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CT-LMH.145 S T A I N R E M O V A L INTRODUCTION ! Work on the wrong side of the fabric, to push the stain out rather than into the One of the most troublesome problems in the fabric. Do not rub. Use soft, clean, white care of clothing is the removal of spots and cloth or paper towel under the stain (on the stains. Clothing is frequently discarded due to right side of the fabric) to serve as a blotter. stains or damage to the fabric caused by trying Move the absorbent material frequently to to remove a stain. avoid the stain from being reabsorbed into the fabric. Stain removal can be safe and effective if a few simple rules are observed. ! Do not use hot water on an unknown stain. Begin with cold or warm water, as hot ! Remove the stain yourself, or have stain water can set some stains. removed by a professional drycleaner, as soon as possible. Most stains are easier to ! Always read and follow directions and remove when they are fresh. Old or set safety suggestions when using commercial stains may not come out. stain removal products. ! Blot or carefully/gently scrap off excess ! Work carefully and patiently. Some stain or residue immediately. stubborn stains may require more than one treatment. Don't take short cuts! ! Before attempting to treat any stain, or before taking to the dry cleaner: ! When items are to be drycleaned, be sure to identify the type and location of the stain 1) Identify the stain and/or the location as you talk with the drycleaner. of the stain. Some spills may dry invisible; however, they will show up STAIN REMOVAL STEPS later. Mark the location of the stain if necessary. The following steps should always be 2) Identify the fiber content of the followed: item/garment. 1) Identify the location and classification ! If using a commercial stain remover of the stain. product or solution you have prepared, test 2) Determine the fiber content of the it on an inside seam or hidden section of garment and the preferred cleaning the item/garment to see if the color will be method (laundering or drycleaning). affected. Educational programs of the Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service serve all people regardless of race, color, age, sex, religion, disability or national origin. 3) Treat the stain or take the item to the If you do not know what caused the stain, try drycleaner as soon as possible. to classify it by: ! looking at its color and appearance; CLASSIFICATIONS OF STAINS ! determining the stain’s location in relation to activities while wearing There are five classifications of stains: (using) item; ! smelling; WET - wet-stains contain water or a water- ! feeling stain with clean hands, absorbent base substances. They can be dissolved in cool clean, white cloth or white paper towel. water, loosened with liquid detergent and flushed away with water. Examples included wine and fruit juice. STAIN REMOVAL PROCEDURES DRY - dry-stains contain oil or greasy Successful stain removal requires the correct substances. They can be dissolved with product(s) and the correct procedure or drycleaning solvent, loosened with mineral oil technique. The following procedures are and flushed away with drycleaning solvent. suggested. Examples include cooking oil and suntan lotion. I. WORK AREA COMBINATION - combination wet/dry- Select a well-ventilated area with good stains contain both water and oily substances. lighting. Protect surfaces by covering them They must be treated as an oil base stain first, with aluminum foil. then as a water-base stain. Permit the fabric to air dry between treatments. Examples include II. TECHNIQUES & SUPPLIES FOR meat gravy and ice cream. REMOVAL SPECIAL - special-stains require different or Sponging - Place stained side of item down special stain removal substances or over absorbent material (white paper towel, techniques. Examples include tar and paint. white lint-free cloth). Using another piece of folded white lint-free cloth, lightly brush UNKNOWN - unknown stains are those stained area working from the outside of the from sources unknown or they can not be stain to the center. Avoid circular motions to identified. Treat these as a dry stain first. If prevent rings. Brush irregularly around edges. necessary, then treat as a wet stain. Permit Change the pad of absorbent material fabric to air dry between treatments. underneath the stained area frequently. Tamping - Place stained side of item down on HOW TO IDENTIFY STAINS a clean, hard surface (such as the bottom of glass casserole dish). "Tamp" by striking a Stains are much easier to treat if the staining brush lightly on the stain as though driving a material is known. By knowing the staining tack with a small hammer. A clean shoe material, the stain can be classified, then polish applicator brush is suggested. Never treated according to the garment fiber content use enough pressure to bend brush bristles. and preferred cleaning method (laundering or Do not use on delicate, pile or ribbed fabrics. dry cleaning). Page 2 Using a spoon - The bowl of a stainless steel These products can be found in many teaspoon is an excellent stain removal tool. supermarkets, drug stores and other locations Place the stain directly on the work surface where stain removal products are sold. without any absorbent material underneath. Add stain remover. Hold the spoon by the bowl and move it back and forth using short, STAIN REMOVAL--SPECIFIC light strokes. Do not press down. Do not use STAINS on light, delicate fabrics. Stains are listed in alphabetical order. Flushing - It is important to remove the released stain and the stain removal chemicals from the fabric. Clean liquid (stain remover) ADHESIVES is poured through the stained area to rinse the unwanted substances away. Classification: DRY Preventing Rings - As stains are being Garment Care Method: removed, a ring may appear around the stained DRYCLEAN - Take to a reputable area. Fabrics that are smooth in texture and drycleaner as soon as possible, or sponge light in color may "ring" more readily than with drycleaning solvent. others. To prevent rings, use stain remover sparingly and change blotting material WASH - If gummy residue is present, frequently. Brush lightly from outside edge in harden with ice and then gently scrape toward center. Change the blotting material with a dull table knife edge to remove. frequently. Before air drying the article, place Sponge with drycleaning solvent. Flush sponged/flushed area between dry absorbent with drycleaning solvent. Repeat if material to remove excess moisture. necessary. Apply and lightly rub in a liquid heavy-duty detergent and launder III. STAIN REMOVAL PRODUCTS item as usual. The following is a list of some accepted stain removal products. Before using any ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES commercial product, always read and follow the manufacturer's recommendations. Use all Classification: WET stain removal products in accordance with the item fiber content and care label Garment Care Method: recommendations. DRYCLEAN - Flush area immediately * Energine™ (drycleaning solution) with cool water. Blot with clean white * K-2R™ (drycleaning solution) cloth or white paper towel. Take to a * Water reputable drycleaner as soon as possible. * Ammonia * Denatured alcohol WASH - Flush area immediately with cool * Turpentine water. Sponge with laundry detergent and * Mineral spirits launder, using bleach if safe for fabric. If * Spray & Wash™ (aerosol can the alcohol content in the beverage caused drycleaning solvent) a change in color or a dye ring formed * Nail polish remover around the edge of the stain, the original * White vinegar appearance of the fabric can not be * Amyl acetate (banana oil) restored. Page 3 BLOOD granular detergent, sponge area with water, then apply a paste of detergent and water to Classification: WET the stain. Launder as usual. Garment Care Method: DRYCLEAN - If a small area, flush with CANDLE WAX cool water immediately. Blot with an absorbent towel or cloth. Take to a Classification: SPECIAL reputable drycleaner as soon as possible. Garment Care Method: WASH - Flush with cool water DRYCLEAN - Rub with ice to harden. immediately. Scrape carefully with a dull table knife. 1) Apply a paste of powdered detergent Place the stain between two clean white and water and launder. blotters, two layers of brown paper or 2) Soak item in an enzyme presoak; layers of white paper towel. Press with a rinse. Launder as usual. warm iron, moving the papers with each press. Sponge with a drycleaning solvent If the stain remains, apply a few drops of or take to drycleaner as soon as possible. ammonia or 3 percent hydrogen peroxide. Then repeat treatment with detergent, WASH - Follow the iron removal laundering and rinsing. Before using procedure in paragraph above. Then either product, check for color change on sponge with drycleaning solvent. Flush an inside seam allowance. Follow with with drycleaning solvent. Let air dry. If bleach treatment if safe for fabric. using a granular detergent, sponge with water. Apply a paste of powdered detergent and water and launder. If using BUTTER/MARGARINE a liquid detergent, let air dry completely, then apply liquid detergent to the dry Classification: DRY fabric. Launder in hottest water safe for fabric along with bleach, if safe for fabric. Garment Care Method: DRYCLEAN - Blot and/or remove excess with a clean, white cloth or white paper CARBON PAPER (regular) towel. Sponge with drycleaning solvent. Take to drycleaner as soon as possible. Classification: SPECIAL WASH- If stain is fresh, flush with water Garment Care Method: then apply a paste of powdered detergent DRYCLEAN - Take to drycleaner as soon and water; launder. If using a liquid as possible. detergent, let item air dry completely, then apply detergent to the dry fabric. Launder WASH - Sponge with drycleaning solvent.