Accepted Manuscript
First report of Vexillum zelotypum (Reeve 1845) (Costellariidae: Neogastropoda) in Korea
Tsukasa Waki, Ronald G. Noseworthy, Kwang-Sik Choi
PII: S2287-884X(16)00009-1 DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2016.01.001 Reference: JAPB 117
To appear in: Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
Received Date: 4 December 2015 Revised Date: 4 January 2016 Accepted Date: 4 January 2016
Please cite this article as: Waki T, Noseworthy RG, Choi K-S, First report of Vexillum zelotypum (Reeve 1845) (Costellariidae: Neogastropoda) in Korea, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.japb.2016.01.001.
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1 First report of Vexillum zelotypum (Reeve 1845) (Costellariidae:
2 Neogastropoda) in Korea
3
4 Tsukasa Waki, Ronald G. Noseworthy, Choi Kwang-Sik *
5
6 *Corresponding Author, e-mail: [email protected]
7 Phone number: +82-64754-3422, 010-3699-9000
8
9 School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, 102
10 Jejudaehankno, Jeju, 690-756, REPUBLIC OF KOREA
11
12 Submitted to Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity
13 As a short communication 14 MANUSCRIPT 15
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16 RUNNING TITLE : First report of the gastropod Vexillum zelotypum in Korea
17
18 ABSTRACT
19 The costellariid gastropod Vexillum zelotypum Reeve 1845 is reported for the
20 first time from Jeju Island. Four species belonging to the Costellariidae are now part of
21 the island’s mollusk fauna. Comparisons were made with the original description and
22 descriptions in the literature; some taxonomic comments were also made. The addition
23 of new species to the island’s fauna may be the result of previous insufficient sampling,
24 global warming, and possible changes in the warm currents flowing northward to Japan
25 and Korea.
26
27 Keywords: Vexillum zelotypum , Costellariidae, Gastropoda, Intertidal, Jeju, Korea
28 MANUSCRIPT 29
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30 Introduction
31 Jeju Island, 33.10 to 33.50 N. Lat., 126.10 to 127.0 E. Long, is Korea’s largest
32 and southernmost island with an area of about 1800 km 2. It is situated about 80 km
33 south of the Korean peninsula. Although cooler water currents, particularly from the
34 eastern area of the Yellow Sea, exert some influence, the warm Tsushima Current, a
35 branch of the Kuroshio flowing from the southwest, gives the island a warm maritime
36 climate with mild winters and hot, humid summers, and an average yearly temperature
37 of ca. 16°C (61°F) (Chung et al 2007; Chen 2009). Jeju Island has a rich mollusk fauna,
38 with over 1000 species presently recorded. This fauna is probably a combination of
39 warm temperate (Central Japan to the Yellow Sea) and tropical and subtropical species
40 (Southern Japan to Indo-West Pacific) (Noseworthy et al 2007).
41 The second author has conducted extensive surveys to enumerate the mollusk
42 fauna, with special attention to its biodiversity, biogeography, and ecology. As a result 43 of those surveys, several species new to MANUSCRIPT the island fauna have been reported 44 (Noseworthy and Choi 2010; Noseworthy et al 2012, Noseworthy et al 2014).
45 The family Costellariidae, which belongs to the Neogastropoda, consists of
46 about 300 species, and most occur in tropical to temperate zones. At present, three
47 species have been reported from Korea (Noseworthy et al 2007; Noseworthy and Choi
48 2010). Here we report the discovery of the costellariid Vexillum zelotypum Reeve 1845,
49 the first record of this species for Korea.
50 51 Materials andACCEPTED methods 52 A mollusk survey was conducted at Yerae-dong, on the south coast of Jeju
53 Island, on September 10, 2015 (Figure 1). The sampling area, a moderately high-energy
54 coast, faces the East China Sea, and is composed mainly of rather flat shelves of basalt
55 interspersed with tidepools of various sizes and depths. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
56 One dead specimen of Vexillum zelotypum Reeve 1845 was found under a rock
57 in one of the tidepools. The specimen was washed, dried, and registered at the National
58 Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (@@@ ※ registration number). As the specimen
59 was dead, no anatomical examination could be made. Identification of the specimen was
60 made using Reeve (1845b), the English version of the original description written in
61 Latin (Reeve, 1845a), the first illustration of the type specimen (Reeve 1845c) (Figure
62 2B), and Okutani (2000).
63
64 Systematic accounts
65
66 Order Neogastropoda Wenz, 1938
67 Family Costellariidae MacDonald, 1860
68 Genus Vexillum Röding, 1798 69 MANUSCRIPT 70 Vexillum zelotypum Reeve 1845 (Figure 2A)
71 Mitra zelotypa Reeve, 1845: 60; Reeve, 1845a: 271-272; Reeve, 1845b: pl. 38, Figure
72 325.
73 Costellaria zelotypa : Adams, 1864: 200; Higo and Goto, 1993: 261; Okutani, 2000: 563,
74 pl. 280, no. 47.
75 Turricula (Pusia ) zelotypa : Tryon, 1882: 182, pl. 54, Figure 558.
76 Vexillum zelotypa : Cernohorsky, 1970: 55. 77 Vexillum (CostellariaACCEPTED) zelotypa: Turner, 2001: 69. 78 79 Type locality . Not designated; “A very distinct species from Mr. Cuming’s collection, 80 concerning which he has no information as to its locality.” (Reeve 1845b) 81
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82 Material examined. Jeju Island, Seogwipo-shi, Yerae-dong, 33°14'23.42"N,
83 126°23'49.22"E.; September 10, 2015 (one adult specimen).
84 Dimensions. Length 21.0 mm; width 10.3 mm.
85 Description. Shell fusiform; body whorl inflated, especially at shoulders. Strong
86 axial ribs over-ridden by spiral riblets, creating a fenestrated (window-like) sculpture.
87 Ashy-gray with pale red-brown or yellowish band. Axial interstices somewhat darker in
88 color; spire may be spotted with rusty brown. Aperture pinkish and narrow; columella
89 and aperture sometimes spotted or streaked with purple. Columellar lip with three or
90 four rather strong plicae (Figure 2A).
91 Habitat. Rock and gravel bottom, from subtidal zone to depth of 30 m (Okutani
92 2000).
93 Distribution. From Kii Peninsula, Japan to Indo-Pacific (Okutani 2000).
94 95 Discussion MANUSCRIPT 96 Although somewhat worn, the Yerae-dong specimen agrees well with the English
97 version of the original description of “Mitra zelotypa ” in overall shape and sculpture
98 (Reeve 1845a). Reeve (1845a) mentions the longitudinal ribbing which is “strongly,
99 clearly cancellately ridged”, as well as four prominent columellar lirae, and also the pale
100 violet aperture. He displays only the dorsal aspect of the type specimen in his
101 illustration (Reeve 1845b) (Figure 2B). The Yerae-dong specimen is less elongate, with
102 a slightly angulate periphery and with only three columellar folds, but exhibits the 103 well-developedACCEPTED cancellate sculpture. Furthermore, this specimen, although somewhat 104 worn, also possesses traces of the broad yellowish area on the body whorl, seen best on
105 the dorsum, and the whitish band below the periphery. Traces of the yellowish band
106 below the suture are also present, as is the faint violet aperture (Figure 2B).
107 It also closely resembles the specimen Figured in Okutani (2000). The ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
108 fenestrations are well-defined, and appear characteristic of this species. Furthermore,
109 both specimens exhibit three prominent columellar lirae and siphonal fasciole. However
110 the specimen from Yerae-dong is roundly-angulate at the periphery and possesses a
111 protrusion on the inner lip at the posterior end of the aperture that resembles a small
112 tooth. According to Okutani, the color is “ashy grey with a white band at periphery”; the
113 base color of the Yerae-dong specimen is grayish, with evidence of a white band, and
114 with traces of yellow banding. Both specimens also exhibit a faint pinkish-mauve
115 aperture.
116 Reeve first published the original description of “Mitra zelotypa ” in the
117 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , in September, 1845 (Reeve 1845a)
118 using the record of a meeting where the description was read in 1844. Sometimes 1844
119 is given as the date of publication because the meeting was held and recorded in 1844
120 (Petit 2007, Rosenberg and Bouchet 2015), but it appears that 1845 is the correct date. 121 Cernohorsky (1970) regarded “ Vexillum MANUSCRIPT zelotypa ” as a synonym of Vexillum 122 (Costellaria ) rusticum Reeve 1845. However, it is widely accepted that V. zelotypum is a
123 valid species (Héros et al 2007, Rosenberg and Bouchet 2015). Conversely, Higa (1983)
124 considers V. rusticum Reeve 1845 to be a synonym of V. zelotypum although the former
125 species is generally regarded as valid (Robin 2015).
126 The addition of new species to the island’s fauna may be not only be the result
127 of previous insufficient sampling, but also climate change due to a change in the warm
128 Tsushima Current (Japan Meteorological Association 2015), and global warming. A drill 129 hole, approximatelyACCEPTED 1 mm in diameter, was observed on the left side of the shell (Figure 130 2A), suggesting that the present specimen had become the prey of a carnivorous
131 gastropod. Feeding on other gastropods has been observed in some costellariids (Maes
132 and Raeihle 1975); V. zelotypum may have played a role as a predator in the survey area.
133 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
134
135 Acknowledgments
136 This study was supported by the monitoring of biodiversity dynamics on
137 diverse coastal habitats (2015M00200) of the National Marine Biodiversity Institute of
138 Korea. This study was, in part, supported by the project, “Long-term change of structure
139 and function in marine ecosystems of Korea”, funded by the Ministry of Oceans and
140 Fisheries, Korea. Thanks also go to John Wolff, a member of the Conch-L Listserve, for
141 providing information.
142
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143 References
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181 Reeve LA. 1845. Descriptions of eighty-nine new species of Mitra . Proceedings of the 182 Zoological Society of London 13: 45-61. MANUSCRIPT 183 Reeve LA. 1845a. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 16: 257-273.
184 Reeve LA. 1845b. Conchologia Iconica. Monograph of the genus Mitra 10: 1-39.
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187 accessed: 15 November 2015]
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189 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=751926 [Date 190 accessed:ACCEPTED 15 November 2015] 191 Tryon GWJr. 1882. Nassidae, Turbinellidae, Volutidae, Mitridae. Manual of 192 Conchology 1(4): 1–276. pls. 1–58. 193 Turner H. 2001 Katalog der Familie Costellariidae Macdonald 1860 (Gastropoda: 194 Prosobranchia: Muricoidea). Hackenheim: Conchbooks pp 100. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
195 FIGURES
196 MANUSCRIPT 197 Figure 1. Survey site of Vexillum zelotypum Reeve 1845.
198
199
200
201 202 ACCEPTED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
203 204
205 Figure 2. Vexillum zelotypum Reeve 1845. A: Yerae, Jeju Island. Arrow: a hole likely
206 drilled by carnivorous muricid gastropod. B: type specimen of Mitra zelotypa Reeve,
207 1845 (from Reeve 1845c) MANUSCRIPT
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