343 :

WIRRANENDI

3.0 PARK LANDS & SQUARES

3.0 & SQUARES 3.1.22 Wirranendi/Park 23 Report

344 et al

: Olea

8 July 1857, 8 July 1857,

WIRRANENDI The Register th such roads as now ( sert of blinding, suffocating dust 17 June 1854, p. 4; 8 July 1857, ssp] …” It is possible the plan author quiring the appointment of an expert referee The Register ehicles but to deviate in all directions from the track, climate like ’s and to avoid the whereas the sketch text is similar in style rden, George Francis, more so than Bailey as time most of the indigenous vegetation had nstructed through the … Wi blic Square” being sent to the Corporation on 9 pearance of the Park Lands. For example, on as the Park Lands generally were commonplace (Lord Mayors) about landscaping the River y have really been prompted by critical have been prompted by concerns from the Eucalyptus wishes and propose to do so by means of Town Clerk, ACC, 7 July 1855, GRG 24/6/1381 the colonial Governor than Corporation. ned by advertisements in the usual newspapers, made use of.” The Colonial Secretary appointed 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES e Corporation’s Town Clerk expressing a desire e Governor volunteered a budget of £400, “a sum er in 1903 (Hemming 1998, pp. 22-23; Draper pp. 22-23; er in 1903 (Hemming 1998, acres [0.2ha] or even quarter [0.1ha] in in the selection of the position several at he wishes” which the Corporation eagerly ery side and rendering it utterly useless an a quagmire in winter, and a de wrote in July 1857: , including reports of public meetings that voiced critique of ckney Nursery, to this role. Unfortunately scheme century colonial Medical Examiner Ramsay Smith, including the th ssp] and Gum-tree [ The Register st Contact Associations The Register Acacia ], the Wattle [ The Park Lands will never be other th in summer, … unless properly fenced roads are co disgrace the Park Lands there is no alternative for v thus cutting up acres of pasturage on ev p. 2). Aboriginal bodies by late 20 2005, p. 73). Historical Overview: Po From the 1850s to late 1870s Wirranendi/Park 23, excluding West Terrace Cemetery land, was used for grazing, fire wood collection, and agistment. It fenced in white-painted timber post and wire in the late 1860s, by this been effectively removed from Wirranendi/Park 23. Discussions by the Corporation and Mayors Torrens/Karrawirra Parri embankments as well from the mid 1850s onwards. The thoughts ma comments and articles in the quality of the Park Lands, in 1854 onwards (eg., p. 2), that were in many ways directed towards For example, the editor of 17 July 1855 the Colonial Secretary wrote to th “that something should be done to improve the present very unsightly appearance of most of the Park Lands near Town; which he [Governor Gawler] thinks might be effected by the of trees on half judicious planting of clumps suitable positions; care being taken to fence such clumps with strong but neat fencing.” remains of Ngarrindjeri identity Tommy Walk These public debates and discussions appear to colonial Governor about the overall aesthetic ap Willingly, to assist these landscaping works, th sufficient to accomplish much, but not all th accepted “at once to carry out His Excellency’s competent gardeners [on] contracts to be obtai the works generally being performed under supervision of the City Surveyor.” With acceptance, the Governor imposed one condition re to monitor the works: “that some person should be nominated by himself to represent the Executive in this matter and to have a voice plantations and of the species fencing to be horticulturist John Bailey, of Ha unknown collapsed with the dissolution of Legislative Council in August 1855 despite authored sketch “on the subject of planting a Pu October 1855, with correspondence from the Governor indicating that “the writer of the memorandum has indicated some most sensible and just views of Landscape Gardening…” The advice included a recommendation that, “in a inconvenience of having to wait years for effect, clumps should be formed the Olive [ europaea was inaugural director of the Adelaide Botanic Ga there is no evidence of Bailey’s plan drawing skills to Francis’s hand (Letter, Colonial Secretary to

grave-robbing of several prepared in 1836 indicating the site prepared in 1836 indicating landscape. The cemetery was designated in Wodli/Park 27) was used for Aboriginal Wodli/Park 27) was used for Aboriginal It is associated with

or activities, pre-contact post-contact, for sed from the Park Lands and annexed to the on, it is known that many Indigenous peoples the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, er the years as growth and demand has occurred y of the Cemetery contained in this report. Figure twined with Wirranendi/Park 23. Thus, there is a are reviewed chronologically below. e proportion is the West Terrace Cemetery. rcolour rendered Plan of Adelaide rcolour rendered Plan of Adelaide (2007) excludes the West Terrace Cemetery from its Assessment Study for a “Cemetery” in Wirranendi/Park 23 including a Gardenesque circulation system layout for the proposed proposed the for layout system circulation a Gardenesque 23 including in Wirranendi/Park for a “Cemetery” Archives. ACC Source: south. the at Road Bay with together Cemetery, Extract of Colonel ’s wate William Light’s Extract of Colonel have been buried in the West Terrace Cemetery. 23 and cannot be isolated The West Terrace Cemetery is an integral part of Wirranendi/Park from any discussion about and review of its cultural for Adelaide, and ov Light’s original 1837 plan been exci portions of Wirranendi/Park 23 have Cemetery. this The brief for consideration but it has been necessary to review the historical evolution of Cemetery and incorporate it below as is in so closely inter Historical Overview: Aboriginal Associations There are no specific references to sites Wirranendi/Park 23. Following post-contact Narnungga/Park 25, Tulya Tambawodli/Park 24, encampments and several activities that Notwithstanding this lack of specific informati considerable review of the larger spatial histor Wirranendi/Park 23 Historical Overview: Site Context of land bounded by Anzac of 57.4ha Wirranendi/Park 23 consists Light’s plan, Arising from Highway (originally Bay Road), West Terrace, Burbridge Road (originally Hilton Road) and the Railway line to the west, of which a larg

345 : ACC Archives.

WIRRANENDI discretion. With the of 1849 recorded an . Source: . Source: ce reproduced in National in ce reproduced .1840 the Cemetery area, .1840 the c ken place in the Cemetery. Until Municipal Corporation Act

tery precinct at their own metery in 1839, there was no management of the metery in 1839, there gnation of the entire Board in 1847, Surveyor metery until 1897 whereupon it was transferred to ce: Surveyor General’s Offi General’s Surveyor ce:

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES were no official grave-diggers in July 1837. There CB Howard, the first Colonial Chaplain, took onal location for the Cemetery for the onal location total area today comprises 66 acres (26.7ha). compass a total area of 60 acres (24.2ha). Figures Figures designated in Light’s first 1837 plan for Adelaide, and initially 1995, np. c Above left: Plan of Cemetery, December 1854. Sour December 1854. of Cemetery, Plan Above left: Consultancy Environmental noti in 1837 depicting Plan of Adelaide Above right: West Terrace Cemetery was first comprised an area of 32 acres (12.9ha). The Between 1837 137,246 burials have ta to 1986 some appointment of a Board Trustees for the Ce cemetery grounds. The first burial took place cemetery grounds. The first and the bereaved buried their dead in ceme establishment of a Board, Anglican Reverend Thomas Gilbert was appointed charge of the situation and on 2 September 1847 storekeeper Superintendent of the Cemetery. With resi General George Goyder took charge of the Ce the Commissioner of Public Works under Charles Owen Smyth. By comprising 32 acres (12.9ha), was fenced. The extension to the Cemetery to the north en

The

Park

) trees in the

) plantations in

) plantings in Present 7 & 8 Brougham, 29 Palmer, 28 Wellington 26 1 15 16 14 Hindmarsh Light Whitmore 22, 23, & 24 13 istence of these europaea

europaea

Olea europaea

26 Olea Olea

corroborated the ex Corporation ground,” (note ‘fruit bearing Corporation ground,” (note ‘fruit 29 (1855) Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, Town Clerk, 22 February 1886, TC 1886/465;

19 & 20 & 19 Tambawodli/Park 24), as well in numerous Tambawodli/Park Town Clerk, 13 July 1883, TC 1883/2224; , GRG 24/6/1740 (1855) Colonial Secretary to y to the Corporation of “the number olive 84 1872, TC 1872/519 and 4 September Number of trees bearing fruit 27 29 5 19 119 7 272 105 30 8 14 6 112 873 Secretary, 2 August 1855, GRG 24/6/2505 (1855);

22 February 1886, TC 1886/465)

etary, 13 August 1855, GRG 24/6/2644 (1855); Race Course and North Terrace) ) expert Paolo Villanis, in 1882,

[Unley Road]

Olea europaea ) trees presently bearing fruit in the Town

Letter, Paolo Villanis to Town Clerk, , 24 July 1883, p. 6; letter, Paolo Villanis to Location Plantation bordering the Old Race Course Brougham Place Palmer Place Wellington Square Torrens Lake Strangways Terrace Mitcham Road South East Park Lands (Old Race Course) Dequetteville Park East Park Lands (between Old West Terrace Total ( Mann Terrace Olea europaea and not a total list of trees overall) excluding the Gaol enclosures: Register letter, William Pengilly to Town Clerk, 16 July 1872/622). provided an inventor In February 1886 Villanis ( the Park Lands for Corporation recording substantial olive groves “between Port and Slaughterhouse Roads and Sheep Market” in Tulya Wodli/Park 27, adjacent to West Terrace (Wikaparndo/Park 22, Wirranendi/Park 23, and other Park Land blocks (Letter, Paolo Villanis to Park Lands, City Gardener William Pengilly also undertook olive ( (1855); letter, Town Clerk, ACC, to Colonial letter, Town Clerk, ACC, to Colonial Secr 24/6/1605 (1855); Colonial 1855, GRG Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, ACC, 2 August Secretary to Town Clerk, ACC, 20 August 1855 24/6/21 Town Clerk, ACC, 2 August 1855, GRG (1855)). 24/6/3289 ACC, 2 August 1855, GRG While Francis, Bailey and Boothby were predominantly planting olive ( several areas. During 1872 he was planting them on the West Terrace Park Lands 350). 24) numbering 350 and 23, and Tambawodli/Park Wirranendi/Park (Wikaparndo/Park 22, Italian olive ( plantings when he reviewed the state and condition of all the olive (

346 :

February 1865 that February 1865 that

WIRRANENDI uestone with slate floors and steps, 1865 panorama photograph of this of panorama photograph 1865 the West Terrace Cemetery. This r’s Office dated 11 r’s Office (letter to Keith Harris, 11 September rtaken by City Gardener William O’Brien. Source: Source: William O’Brien. Gardener City by rtaken

tions along the flanks of Bay Road (Anzac Highway) Highway) (Anzac of Bay Road tions along the flanks

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure Figure Australian Heritage Commission). ating in a fleche. The walls are bl covering is of corrugated iron ee planting being undertaken within being undertaken ee planting elaide’ prepared the City Surveyo elaide’ by is corroborated in Townsend Duryea’s in is corroborated and sandstone gargoyles; the roof revival chapel with pointed roof termin 1978, from Max Bourke, Director, Extract of a ‘Map of the City of Ad City of the of Extract of a ‘Map planta tree established 23 with Wirranendi/Park depicts tr extensive and the Terrace and West Cemetery in the planting extensive portion of the Park Lands. The former plantings unde was ACC Archives.

28 Observer

. Source: 1995, np. c Adelaide the former did not eventuate. fenced portion, and the larger 60 portion, fenced Municipal Corporation Act of 1849 Municipal Corporation in Australia. It is a graceful octagonal, early gothic ee in the latter part of 1870. The Venerable care of the Jewish section was relinquished in tural design by Edward J Woods. The Chapel, ea for Catholic burials and was granted some 4 ed when an unused portion of the Society stone on 18 December 1870 with an audience small section of the Cemetery be designated for denominational demarcation of the Cemetery. was also granted an area in 1855. In 1862 the was also granted an area in 1855. In 1862 ligious sub-precincts to be created within the ligious sub-precincts

1849 an area was specifically designated for Michael Ryan, the Secretary of Catholic audience. The Reverend Fathers Horan OSF, Figures Figures lic cemetery to Catholic use, by 1995, np. 1995, np. c .1850. Source: National Environmental Consultancy Consultancy Environmental National .1850. Source: .1840 indicating the 32 acre (12.9ha) .1840 indicating c c A building of this form, date (1870) and style is rare Above right: Plan of Cemetery in Plan of Cemetery Above right: acres(24.2ha) area that was ceded followingthe gazettal of the National Environmental Consultancy Above left: Plan of the Cemetery Cemetery Above left: Plan of the Spatially, the appointment of a Board enabled re Cemetery thereby creating the present pattern of anticipation of a promised new pub In August 1843 Mr EL Montefiore invited that a Jewish burials. In January 1845 the Reverend Bishop, together with Dr Murphy requested an ar Anglican use. The Society of Friends (Quakers) Anglican Church relinquished their area. In 1879 acres (1.6ha) adjoining the public cemetery. In Murphy, Kennedy, Hughes, Nowlan OSA, McClusky and Nevin assisted ( Between 1884-1900 the Catholic area was expand Friends (Quakers) sub-precinct was relinquished. The focal point of the Catholic precinct of the Cemetery is a chapel. In 1870 Roman Catholic Chapel was erected at the Cemetery to an architec a memorial to the Very Reverend John Smyth, was erected following a design competition conducted by the Smyth Memorial Fund Committ Archdeacon Russell VG unveiled the foundation of Reverend Father Bonquerts, Corcoran, Hughes, and McClusky. The Chapel was constructed opened on 22 October 1871 by the Right by Messrs Peters and Jones for a cost of £472/14s Reverend Dr Shiel in the presence of a large October 1871). The Chapel has been described as:

347 : ssp e (Brown Eucalypt 1995, np. shown on Plan 24; that,

c WIRRANENDI 1995, np. 1995, np. ich should be planted here, c spaces thereby created filled in front of the Terrac he subsoil is, as a rule, of hard , West-terrace, and the Bay-road. coniferae Report on a System of Planting the Adelaide laid out on the ground as that the kinds of trees wh vironmental Consultancy inviting for the successful operations of Landscape esent plantations, and the ting thereto, should be all as recommended for similar “Suggestions for the improvement of the western portion ted and poor extant vegetation plantations that

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES plantings consisted of: nendi/Park 23. These Figures: Figures: the soil is good in places, but t [Sir Donald Bradman Drive] with some different species of .1900. Source: National Environmental Consultancy Consultancy Environmental National .1900. Source: c 1880. Source: National En 1880. Source: (Brown 1880, p. 25). c. (Brown 25). 1880, p. (1880) Brown recorded that Wirranendi/Park 23 was: up with an intermixture of more suitable kinds; and … very much exposed to the sea breeze; calcareous nature. As a whole, the block is not very Gardener … strips planted along Hilton-road 1880, p. 25). as far possible, the Gums be removed from pr together with the particular system of operations rela works described under the heading in this report of of the South Park Lands The trees consist of Gums chiefly, … that plantations, clumps of trees, and footpaths be Above left: Plan of Cemetery Above left: Plan of Cemetery Above right: Plan of Cemetery Plan of Cemetery Above right: With the engagement of John Ednie Brown to prepare a Park Lands With this conclusion, Brown also noted the stun Pengilly had been seeking to establish in Wirra In terms of suggested improvements, Brown reinforced the need to remove any His planting recommendations for the western portion of South Park Lands from the present plantations,

1878-79, pp. 77- Report

e extensive tree planting that had that had tree planting extensive e Annual ve absence of all vegetation in all vegetation of absence ve and rail with 2-3 strands of wire. Access gates Figure Figure a photograph of Adelaide taken in 1865 from the tower of the City of City of the the tower from in 1865 of Adelaide taken a photograph west, the photograph clearly indicates th clearly indicates photograph west, the ace Cemetery by 1865 and the relati ace Cemetery by 1865 and Wirranendi/Park 23 at the samesome. Source:History Trust of South Australia. been undertaken in the West Terr undertaken been Extract of Townsend Duryea’s panoram Townsend Extract of south- Looking Hall. Town Adelaide During 1878-79 the Corporation undertook extensive erection of new fencing and repairs to the exiting fencing of the south and western Park Lands. In south, most this work involved the erection of new fencing white painted post for pedestrians and vehicles were also included in these works ( 78).

348 :

WIRRANENDI (1880) depicting Wirranendi/Park 23 (1880) depicting Wirranendi/Park lf. There is extensive use of perimeter plantings to to plantings perimeter of use extensive is There lf.

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Gardenesque typical of his plantings as clump as well way system proposed and the use of clump plantings. plantings. clump use of and the way system proposed Figure Figure ng the Adelaide Park Lands Adelaide ng the Report on a System of Planti System of a on Report Plan 24 from Brown’s Plan 24 from and the “Cemetery” notionally excised from the Park itse Park the from excised notionally “Cemetery” the and disguisethe presence of the Cemeteryfrom roadsides, philosophy. path Note the planting design circuitous (1880). Brown Source:

Current Common Name Current Common Name Current Common Name Maritime Pine, Cluster Pine Pine, Cluster Maritime Monterey Pine Aleppo Pine Tree-of-heaven Weeping Paperbark

Maritime Pine Drooping She-oak, Mountain Oak Mountain Drooping She-oak, Acacia False Black Locust, Aleppo Pine Common Olive Aleppo Pine Pine Pine, Cluster Maritime Monterey Pine Cedar Himalayan Cedar, Deodar Cork Oak Elm Elm, Wych Scotch Acacia False Black Locust, Oak Mountain Drooping She-oak, Silky Oak Moreton Bay Fig Fig Bay Moreton Pepper Tree Fig Bay Moreton Hibiscus Norfolk Island

Corsican Pine Corsican

maritima maritima molle maritima

var var . var . var. spp. spp spp Nomenclature Nomenclature Nomenclature Current Scientific Current Scientific Current Scientific plantations along the roadside bordering gunaria patersonia gunaria patersonia Ficus macrophylla Ficus macrophylla

(1880) (1880) (1880)

Brown Brown Brown

Nomenclature as used by JE JE by Nomenclature as used JE by Nomenclature as used JE by Nomenclature as used Pinus Pinaster P. Maritima P. Radiata P. Halepensis Glandulo Ailanthus Melaleuca Trichostachya M. Leucadendron Pinus pinaster Pinus pinaster ? altissima Ailanthus Pinus radiata Casuarina Stricta Pinus halepensis Robinia pseudacacia leucadendron Melaleuca Pinus Halepensis P. Laricio Ficus Macrophylla sorts) common (the Cypress (Olea) Tree The Olive Casuarina stricta Robinia pseudacacia Pinus halepensis Cupressus Pinus Halepensis europaea Olea Pinus Maritima Pinus nigra Pinus Pinaster Pinus Radiata Schinus Molle Cedrus Deodara Ulmus Suberosa Ulmus Montana Robinia pseudacacia Pinus halepensis Ficus Macrophylla Pinus pinaster Lagunaria Patersonii Pinus pinaster Casuarina stricta Pinus radiata Cupressus (several) Acacia (several) aeria Schinus Cedrus deodara robusta Frenela Quercus suber Ulmus glabra Robinia pseudoacacia La Casuarina stricta Cupressus Acacia robusta Grevillea On Saline Ground: On Limestone Sites: On Good Deep Loamy Soils: (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, Wikaparndo/Park 22) proposed the following (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, Wikaparndo/Park species: Brown’s planting plan delineated peripheral Wirranendi/Park 23 together with plantations surrounding the then Cemetery reserve, accompanied by a circuitous pathway system. Within the remaining areas were clumps of vegetation.

349 : Report 1883-84, pp. 1883-84, Report 1902, p. 32; 1903,

WIRRANENDI Report

Annual are compelled to cross the railway 1888-89, p. 135). During p. 135). During 1888-89, Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park Annual rrival, the Park Lands and Report

Thebarton Corporation will not allow cattle to are intended to be sold at the Adelaide Markets, Annual intention to allow of perambulators, &c., ve not heard of an accident having taken place since He records the erection of 152 panels yards (107,853m) of 7-ply galvanized wire. yards (107,853m) of 7-ply tle Track’ was still in popular use by “persons fencing by the Park Lands Ranger is recorded. ties for addition access points, and “in a antings, fencing repairs or the statement of antings, fencing repairs or ld and dilapidated post two rail fence” that faithfully referred to and used Brown’s this purchase, staff often proceeded with re- posts, wrought iron field gates, cast corner 1884-85, pp. 102-103). 1884-85, pp. 102-103). d Narnungga/Park 25). The latter was a

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES ialled this new fencing on South Terrace and on acquired a substantial amount of fencing per foot. His conclusions were that the fencing e Terraces. The cast iron posts and pillars were 1889-90, p. 119). 1889-90, p. 119). us planting program of the Park Lands was program us planting Report

the persons that use the new track d fencing works in the West Annual “Letterewe” branding. Upon a Annual Report 1906, p. 64; 1907, 73). 1897-98, p. 135). 1897-98, p. 135). Report

Annual ( New Cattle Track—West Park Lands.—Although the be driven along a portion of their eastern boundary that except at unreasonable hours, and line at the Hilton Road both coming and going, I ha my report South and East Park Lands. Over the 1880s there were extensive reports of pl new wire fencing. During 1889 the first report of new wire fencing. During 1889 the first Campbell erected 865 panels of post and wire fencing along West Terrace around the flanks of Tambawodli/Park 24 on Hilton Road and Burbridge Road. Campbell also erected 80 chains of cable-wire fencing along West Terrace in 1888-89 ( erected 130 panels of post and wire fencing to the rear Observatory, in 1889-90 Campbell Tambawodli/Park 24, creating a “new paddock for horses” together with race for horses” within the ‘Paddock’ ( During 1897-98 Campbell continue 23, Tambawodli/Park 24 and Narnungga/Park 25). and Narnungga/Park 25). 23, Tambawodli/Park 24 post and wire fencing, the provision of a 488-panelled “cattle track” in West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24 an particular action to enable the safe and secure access of cattle and sheep from the slaughterhouse paddocks to the Keswick rail yards: During 1902-1907 Campbell reported that the ‘Cat driving stock to and from the City Sheep Cattle Markets” ( p. 56; 66; 1905, p.46; 1904, p. With Pelzer’s appointment in 1899 a rigoro commenced and it appears that Pelzer somewhat (1880) as the guiding master plan for this planting activities. In the subsequent financial year Corporati materials from England, including wrought iron posts, galvanized iron pillars together with 117,950 The purpose was to totally replace the existing “o enclosed most of the Park Land blocks to th marked with “Iron Duke” and Gardens staff commenced the process of re-fencing the Park Lands ( 56-57). William H Campbell, as Park Lands Ranger, tr found that he could erect it at a cost of 2¼d. was cost-effective, ornamental, offered opportuni measure complies with Councillor [William] Bullock’s having access to our reserves.” Notwithstanding fencing works using old materials (

ssp] 1887-88, Platanus [ Report

nd the Adelaide Park ees, completing avenues of or plane trees able fencing, which so much ], suber

1885-86, p. 52). 1885-86, p. Quercus [ s, either by planting tr d dead trees, which otherwise marred the beauty of li/Park 24 and Narnungga/Park 25] to fill in ram of tree planting arou the past year on the Park Lands, and but a small sack the Pengilly, and therein had a series of other portion of the wire c , 600” were planted. Unfortunately Pengilly ngilly also records that he also established one ngilly also records Brown’s formal resignation on 1 June 1883. was evident in the 1880s. Park Lands Ranger s rubbish was being deposited at depots “on own shall have “general supervision of the tree street tree plantings along Barton Terrace West cork elms e care and attention to compared to the North, the sake of professional reputation, seek to be ], , given Brown’s observations and criticism of these plantings were often of one species and irranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24 and 80s appeared haphazard the way various Mayors er (1862-1934) was appointed City Gardener Annual Report the Plantations’, upon invitation of City r road blinding [road construction] purposes” r road blinding [road Tambawodli/Park 24 and Narnungga/Park 25) ( e places of those which have failed (Annual nendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24 and australasica 1882-83, pp. 134, 135). 1882-83, pp. 134, 135). ’s (1880) recommendations. The City Gardener (1867-83), var by Mayor Edwin Thomas Smith, it appears that the Park Lands Report

Report Annual Melia azedarach [ Annual Report 1884-85, p. 105). 1884-85, p.

No new plantations of trees have been made during number of trees have been planted to take th p. 41). in various directions, or by the further erection of an improves the appearance of the terraces. Many old an the plantations, have been removed altogether Various improvements have been made on the Park Land white cedars Annual Report were historically, in particular, the subject to littl The West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, In a subsequent were not a priority for any planting: provides no advice as to the nature of specimens planted, their locations, and any design approach he was seeking to employ. However design philosophy, most of Pengilly’s planting planted as lines along roadways and pathways. Pe plantation of 2,000 trees in the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24 and Narnungga/Park 25) ( The practice of using the West Park Lands (W venue rubbish disposal Narnungga/Park 25) as a William Campbell recorded that the Corporation’ West Park Lands [Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawod the holes caused by the raising of material fo ( Adelaide Mayor Edwin Smith in April 1882, Brown commenced foundational work in Adelaide Mayor Edwin Smith in April 1882, Brown implementing parts of the In his letter of resignation he wrote “I must for “various kinds of trees Narnungga/Park 25) some Planting programs in the Park Lands 18 With Brown’s appointment as ‘Supervisor of William Pengilly (1825-1911) was advised that Br planting in the Park Lands” and to “render Mr. Brown every facility for this purpose …” (Town Clerk’s Dept Outwards Letter Book, 1882/602/18). A fractious relationship occurred with Brown and Pengilly, a specific incident over from this position in August 1882. While the Corporation prompted Brown’s resignation sought to remedy the situation, continued disobedience and contrary activities by the City eventually prompted Gardener and his workforce relieved of the responsibility.” With this decision the Corporation determined to City Gardeners until such time as August Pelz in mid 1899. (1899-1934) an extensive prog During 1883 Pengilly undertook Lands. In the West Park Lands (Wirra Bundey reported that: reported them. In 1886 Mayor William

350 : ssp) Fraxinus

WIRRANENDI ) in subsequent years ) trees. The Planes ), and Ash ( .1890, illustrating the extensive .1890, c orientalis procera

orientalis

Ulmus ed in 1904 an extensive improvement to Platanus Platanus ifted to Centennial Park. The crematoria side of West Terrace “to keep the traffic off aside as a crematorium. This was the site of nally approved Pelzer funds to undertake the was re-fenced along the length of Hilton Road ciety was formed in 1890 but it took two years the planting of trees along both sides Mile were also replaced and painted. Pelzer also in the 1900-10 period. During 1904 the in the 1900-10 period. During paddock of Wirranendi/Park 23 and fencing in r most the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park r most the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park ncing upon sawn jarrah posts. A “cattle-race” 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES blished on the northern side of Mile End Road Figure Figure portion of the West Park Lands between Port and Tambawodli/Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25). Tambawodli/Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25). e first cremation took place on 4 May 1903. The e first cremation took place on 4 May 1903. The ), English Elm ( stward from the front entrance, in front from the stward pseudoacacia

Robinia ) appeared to be an unsuccessful choice as Pelzer had to replaced 43 of these 1904, p. 39; 1904, pp. 66, 74, 75; 1907, pp. 53, 56, 72). pp. 53, 74, 75; 1907, pp. 66, 1904, 1904, p. 39; orientalis

Report

planting evident. Source: ACC archives. archives. ACC Source: evident. planting Photo view of the Cemetery looking we looking the Cemetery Photo view of Platanus Annual with “White Acacia” ( specimens in 1908, and reports replacing these Planes ( specimens in 1908, and reports trees. At the same time a bicycle path was esta ( Fencing continued to be a concern of Pelzer fo 25) Narnungga/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, Road Corporation let a contract to Messrs Geo Wills & Co for the erection of fencing along Bay (Anzac Highway) using patent ‘Anchor’ wire fe service the southern was established in 1904 to front of the Catholic Cemetery, and its entrance, caused the erection of ‘stile posts’ along western the footpath.” During 1907 Wirranendi/Park 23 ( The Corporation’s Parks & Gardens Committee propos the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Notwithstanding this intention, the Corporation fi “works of making a shrubbery and grassing Mile End Roads” in 1905. Pelzer also proposed End Road that was executed with 150 Oriental Plane (

28, 29; 1905, p. 64). to the north of Cemetery was set In 1901 land Australia’s first crematorium. A Crematorium So to designate an area for this purpose. Th crematorium was closed on 1 November 1959 and sh building was demolished in 1969.

1903, pp. Report

Report

1898-99, p. Annual Report 1995, np.

c Annual 1995, np. 1995, np. c deep, and filled with good soil as soon they are ready. The Annual ( ). This was often called the [0.9m] “rubbish tip” in the south-western corner of vities in the North, South and East Park Lands, l plantings, for a number of years thereafter two stakes, have been put around the trees for

l Environmental Consultancy nues. The review proposed the continuation of square and three feet Figures ppears to have planted a plantation of trees along [1.2m] urce: National Environmental Consultancy Consultancy Environmental National urce: being made, and will be put instead removed, and the Plantation closed 1899-1900, p. 44; 1902, 31 1899-1900, Report

tery, 1904. Source: Nationa 1904. Source: tery, . Annual ) adjacent to the Cemetery: molle var Annual Reports aeria

and manure. Sugar baskets, each one fastened to protection, but tree guards are now horses depasturing there have been 150). The holes for which were dug four feet Above left: Plan of Ceme Above right: Plan of Cemetery, 1927. So Plan of Cemetery, 1927. Above right: Schinus One of Pelzer’s first planting actions, upon his appointment, was to plant 33 Pepper Trees ( Apart from this planting action, Pelzer also a West Terrace as he reports their early growth in the following twelve months ( 1899-1900, p. 204). Notwithstanding these initia Pelzer concentrated his energies and planting acti and for a number of years there is often no mention of the West Park Lands by him in his detailed During 1899-1900 fencing was shifted around the Wirranendi/Park 23 ( ‘blinding tip’—a source of road making materials—and its function was reviewed in 1903 as part of an overhaul the Corporation’s rubbish ve this tip for “some years to come.” An interesting recommendation arising from this review was that “all permanent Depots in the Park Lands will be fenced and hidden with trees and hedges as soon as possible.” Pelzer reports this hedging to be established by 1905 (

351 : 1909, p. 44). ade for the creation of 1909, pp. 7, 48, 65). tion of the Hilton Road WIRRANENDI Report

has been fenced in, seats Report

Annual [1.2ha] ng will be ready for a series of band Annual esented to the Council from residents of the now being fenced. Some of the old trees will be , preparation is being m existence, so that in course of time the West on which the new band rotunda is to be erected. Park Lands near the junc ndstand and the creation of garden in sery was successful in a tender of £237 for its 1909, p. 7). the members of the Council who represent the western and might be erected in a suitable portion of the West wly developed “garden reserve of a little more ffect to the ratepayers’ wishes, and a compact band stand ted to come fruition in 1909.

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES [1.6ha] ed with seats and electricity for lighting the to the eye as ether Pennington or Osmond Park Report

basis for the present Kingston Gardens. The basis for Annual e of a little more than three acres electric light is installed, everythi s ( On West Terrace between Gouger Street and Grote Street an ornamental block, embracing about 4 acres The Council has voted £300 for the work, and land is removed, and flower-beds lawns will be brought into Terrace rotunda reserve should be as pleasing in 1909, reproduced (Unsourced newspaper article, 24 May Band Stand—West Park Lands.—The large memorial pr west end of the City last year, asking that a band st Park Lands, together with the advocacy this year of portion of the City, resulted in a decision to give e is now nearing completion, in that portion of the West have been provided, and as soon as concerts during the summer month and West Terrace. A garden reserv on October 1924 by Governor General Lord Forster. This Cemetery was administered by the AIF Cemetery Trust. The political pressure by the petition for the bandstand, and Corporation’s longstanding promise to undertake a renovation of the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Narnungga/Park 25) star Tambawodli/Park 24, A “compact band stand” was erected within a ne than three acres” that was fenced, and provid bandstand. These works form the original bandstand was designed by Alfred Wells, and W Es erection. The garden of some 3¼ acres (1.3ha) was designed by Pelzer and some ten chains of fences and with seven gates had to be erected for this project ( Electricity was installed to the bandstand in 1909 at a cost of £40. A newspaper reported the progress on these works in mid 1909 as follows: Mayor Lewis Cohen reported the erection of ba more analytical terms:

Annual ( Report 1908, p.

Instead of Instead West Terrace

Report

Annual staff would be so fully Annual 1908, p. 7). The matter 1908, p. 7). The ising from a Corporation ld this work over … the for completing the line of inner Report

1907, pp. 55, 72). Annual the north of Cemetery, comprising al Forces. The first burial occurred in this pointed out that as the benefit of residents in the western end in favour of some 20 acres (8.1ha) Park Report 1907, p. 53). The cost for this

r the grazing of some 200-600 sheep that e costed at £1,212 in 1908. Pelzer also a reserve along West Terrace frontage, the work to be oving the West Park Lands as ordered has also ungga/Park 25) was becoming more and tly trees be removed, in place of which young and absolutely necessary to ho the Council postpone it until next year, 1909 In 1904 some 10 Norfolk Island Hibiscus 1904 some 10 Norfolk Island Hibiscus In Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25) was slow in Park 24, Narnungga/Park rnungga/Park 25). Much to his frustration , 62; 1908, p.45; 1910, pp. 52, 53). 1904, p. 63) and the Corporation’s Parks & ties upon the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park ed that “trees to be planted along western Report constructed from Angaston marble, was dedicated 1907 that extant gums along this bicycle path

path along the Mile End Road was constructed on West Terrace, was erected to replace the Parks & Gardens staff ar recommendations for improvements to the West not anticipating improvement works in their Annual the Kendrew Oval area. In 1919-20 Cemetery ee planting on both sides of Mile End Road ee planting on both sides of Mile Wells presented to the Corporation a memorial s (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, s (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, the edge of Keswick rail yards ( Report

ng Crematorium reserve and Roman Catholic Annual esolution that arrangements be made ion in 1908 as the poor condition of West Park Lands Annual [Mayor Frank Johnson] of 1904. An unoccupied area to ) were planted ( 1905, pp. 41, 42, 54; 1906, pp. 41 42, 54; 1906, 1905, pp. 41, 1905, pp. 40, 42, 54; 1907, p. 56; 1908, 7). 42, 54; 1907, 1905, pp. 40, 1908, p. 20). patersonii

Report Report

Committee, after consideration, … recommended In June 1907, the Council passed a r fencing in Paddocks Nos. 23 and 24, so as to form selected trees be planted. I employed in attending to other works, it would be Report carried out in 1908; also that the dead and unsigh Lagunaria Annual Annual 1903, p. 27). 1903, p. 27). From 1905 Pelzer re-focused his planting activi 25). Narnungga/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, ( ( was again debated by the Corporat some 18 acres (7.3ha), north of the existi Cemetery, was relinquished back to the Corporation Land immediately west of the Cemetery to had to stand down” due a reduction in his boundary of the city” as a forward direction ( coming to fruition. In 1907 the Corporation, Tambawodli/Park 24, Narn (Wirranendi/Park 23, Gardens Committee proposed a park improvement plan for the West Park Lands Tambawodli/Park 24, Na (Wirranendi/Park 23, Pelzer reported in 1905 that the “scheme for impr planting alternative species, Pelzer directed in route be pollarded. In the same year, foot and planted with shade trees and Pelzer propos Pelzer’s desire to carry out the Corporation’s 23, Tambawodli/ Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park budget, leased most of the West Park Land Narnungga/Park 25) to Messrs Bennett & Fisher fo “improvement” project, in 1908, was budgeted at £1,212 ( obvious compared to other Park Land parks: During the course of this debate Alderman seeking the erection of a bandstand in the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25) “for the 20). In 1904 the Cemetery management negotiated a variation in boundaries under the Cemetery Extension Act budget decision. These “improvement works” wer proposed a planting program that included tr ( were “keeping grass down fairly well” ( the city”. A sum of £300 was allocated to this task by the Corporation ( In 1907 a new Cemetery office and residence, developed a section dedicated to the Australian Imperi original 1857 structure. It became known as area on 23 May 1920. The Cross of Sacrifice,

352 : ],

1910, Platanus Annual Report ) in the West

pseudoacacia

Annual s have been laid out and offered to the Education A rustic bridge has been cladocalyx have been planted WIRRANENDI

Robinia Eucalyptus 1914, pp. 70, 71). 1914, pp. 70, 71). , and 102 hedge plants Report Street. The ground was ted. There are seven lawns of various sizes,

d the Town Planning Association was subsequently essed with metal screenings. rk 24, Narnungga/Park 25). Unfortunately 25). Unfortunately rk 24, Narnungga/Park ers of various shapes and size ssp] poration’s past resolution to cease the Sheep ound establishment became a talking point in staff … on which to erect buildings for military s (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, s being made” in referring to the 1904 West s being made” in referring Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park the excision of approximately 40 acres (16.2ha) dealt with. I cannot imagine a city with more Street Primary and the Observatory School (in rthern portion of the garden. Hedges of Kaffir apple the Corporation. In 1913 Pelzer however the Corporation. In 1913 Pelzer g the southern and western fences. A total of 21 various 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES obscured behind his constant reference Annual nwealth Military Force in Adelaide, as the 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25) Narnungga/Park 24, Tambawodli/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25) and Tambawodli/Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25) couraged this debate, quoting Colonel Petersen, the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, terworks Yard, and the unsightly Sewers Depot on Washingtonia [ ssp.] trees.” The bicycle path along Mile End Road was , 99; 1913, pp. 50, 63, 64). , 99; Fraxinus ) in the “West Park” Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, Tambawodli/Park plants have been planted alon 1912, pp. 98, 99). ] cladocalyx ], and ash [

Report

procera

) along Mile End Road were replaced in 1910 with “white acacia [ Eucalyptus Annual Dovyalis caffra Kingston Gardens.—This garden has now been comple consisting of couch grass. Five flower beds and bord planted. All the paths have been well formed and dr … for a playground the Observation School, Currie built across the open stormwater drain in the no [ trees, 53 flowering shrubs, 6 palms Department, which did not avail itself of the same, an ( 1910, pp. 24-26). Ulmus p. 52, 53; 1911, p. 67; 1912, pp. 64 1912, p. 67; p. 52, 53; 1911, During 1913-14 the impetus for children’s playgr records the erection of first tennis courts in Tambawodli/Park 24and Narnungga/Park 25 with 1and 2 courts respectively been formed and fenced, the planting of some 240 Sugar Gums ( Gardens ( 24, Narnungga/Park 25) with an additional 11shrubs in Kingston Adelaide and in the Corporation. Pelzer en Director of Physical Training for the Commo “question of playgrounds should be very easily ideal conditions than Adelaide possesses for developing this movement.” As part of debate the Education Department recorded that Sturt Currie Street) regularly used the West Park Land intensive recreation ( Narnungga/Park 25) for In September 1914 the Corporation considered options for development of a playground in the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park 23, proposed initially to set aside a portion of Tambawodli/Park 24 elm [ Tambawodli/Pa 23, Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park the specifics of what Pelzer was planting in Narnungga/Park 25) is Tambawodli/Park 24, “improvements to be made” and “improvement motion agreed to by Park Lands Improvement During 1910 the Federal government proposed from the West Park Lands (Wirranendi/Park for the district military headquarters “for offices purposes, in return for which the Federal Government offered the parade ground on King William Road with the buildings thereon.” The proposal was hotly debated in both state parliament and in the Corporation’s chambers, and subsequently withdrawn. As part of its debate and submission the Corporation pointed to alienation of Park Lands by government agencies in particular “the Wa the western boundary of City,” and to the Cor and Cattle Markets in Tuyla Wodli/Park 27 and to revert these lands to Park Lands ( orientalis fitted with openings in the fencing, and new fencing was erected along Hilton Road near the railway end. During 1912 Pelzer planted some 42 Sugar Gums ( Report Tree planting works continued in the West Park 24, Narnungga/Park 25) while Kingston Gardens was being created. The Plane Trees (

1910, Report

Annual 1910, pp. 24, 37). 1910, pp. 24, ssp) bushes. He also . Only a portion of it has Rosa Report

[1.6ha] Annual 1910, p. 51). 1910, p. 51). a broad motion by Alderman (later Mayor) Report couch grass. The ground round the band stand has lly useful” in their purpose. During 1912

Garden illustrated that the had reached have progressed quite slowly compared to other be named Kingston Gardens. Note the position of the the of position the Note Gardens. Kingston named be sloping of open stormwater drains in 1914 sloping of open Figure August 1912. Pelzer reported in 1912 the rner, extensive use of “flower gardens” and single and single gardens” “flower of use extensive rner, s named ‘Kingston Park’ in honour of Deputy ssp) trees and 23 rose ( Annual certs in the bandstand—5 1912 ( ( Acacia fencing to enclose the “Gardens”. Source: undated plan, ACC Archives. Archives. ACC plan, undated Source: “Gardens”. the to enclose fencing , 98; 1914, pp. 80, 81). been filled in and sloped toward the lawns been ploughed, harrowed, levelled, and planted with Kingston Park.—The Park comprises an enclosed area of four acres rotunda, provision of a toilet in the south-eastern co toilet in the south-eastern provision of a rotunda, to as trees and delineation ornamental Plan of “Fitzroy Gardens”, representing the then yet to yet then the representing Gardens”, “Fitzroy Plan of p. 61; 1912, pp. 11, 61, 63 pp. 11, 61, p. 61; 1912, its maturity: Pelzer’s 1912 descriptive report about Kingston Works in realising Kingston Gardens appear to formal gardens that Pelzer was instructed to develop. During 1910 he erected a toilet block in Kingston Park “of a less ornate character but equa “completion of lawns and flower beds” in the Garden, “erection rustic bridges rose bowers,” and the “planting of hedges,” together with the planting of 3 wattle ( reported the commencement of band con Kingston Gardens was one of several venues for Wattle Day celebrations managed by the Australia on 31 Kindergarten Union of South During 1909 the newly developed garden wa Surveyor and politician George Strickland Kingston. During December 1909 the Corporation entertained Pelzer provided a short description for Kingston Gardens in 1910: Isaac Isaacs for the establishment of playgrounds throughout the municipality, which Kingston Gardens was included in the list of potential sites (

353 :

WIRRANENDI military group. Source: military group. nd planned for the Adelaide with three acres with the Corporation taking the initiative in ed to be built by the South Australian Town ide for each religious ide for each and Corporation in October 1918. In January 1919 a Corporation in October 1918. In January Association in August 1919. The Association Association in August 1919. poration mapped out the ground including 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure Corporation agreeing to allocate £130 towards 1995, np.. 1995, np.. c National Environmental Consultancy Plan of Kingston Gardens, 1927, indicating areas set as areas set Gardens, 1927, indicating Kingston Plan of (1.2ha) of land on West Terrace granted by the joint committee of the Association and the Cor position of buildings and apparatus, with the agreement with the these works and signing an representatives on this agreement were Miss Tomkinson, and Messrs HW Uffindell WB Wilkinson. The playground was initially propos Planning and Housing Association (SATPA), but The West Terrace Playground was the first playgrou

[1914], Park No. [1914], 1918, pp. 26- October th

er that depicts in detail ) hedge around this [Wirranendi] ., was applied for. The ant of £250 from the 1916, p. 29; 1917, pp. 26- 1916, p. 29; 1917, was unsuitable for the purpose. repens

Annual Report reasons the Association was not in ( Report too small but was bounded on three

[167.6m] September and 14 ) post and wire fence, which the th the Post and Telegraph Stores, West Coprosma Annual . This development application set in train ion Depot would be necessitated. This would have and adjoining the Kingston Gardens on the west. ned that, among other things, the deviation of paths he use of the site ad that the management of the a danger to small children. A space was the chosen ent to be entered into with the Corporation. The prepared by the City Engine prepared by the rther in 1915, adding the South Park Lands as rther in 1915, adding the South Park Lands expected, so the Association looked to Gouger and ter sheds, etc.” The Association, in addition

by Pelzer including pathway system and abstract tree tree and abstract pathway system including by Pelzer by a depth of 550 ft additional application for Tambawodli/Park 24 the playground until beginning of this year secured a promise of gr Figure Eucalyptus marginata nds another locality was suggested in pervisor of play for this ground [128m] matter, it was of the opinion site count of lack of funds and other uitable, as the area was not only Park No. 24, between the Observatory and [Tambawodli] offered and accepted the site. On ac a position to take any active steps establish when, after going thoroughly onto the After an inspection of the West Park La 23 running in a southerly direction from Hilton Road It was found that this also uns Terrace, but when plans were prepared it was ascertai and alterations to the roadway leading to the Corporat entailed the expenditure of a greater sum than was Wright Streets, to a length of 420 ft. Markets and Parks Committee considered the application on 30 sides by an open drain, which was objectionable and in and, on its recommendation, it was decided to grant t ground be vested in the Association under an agreem Government has agreed to provide a su 27). planting, and also fencing and gates. Source: ACC Archives. ACC Archives. gates. Source: and fencing planting, and also the design layout of Kingston Gardens as developed of Kingston the design layout Extract from a ‘Map of the City Adelaide’ dated 1917 27). Education Department “towards the cost of shel playground together with erecting a jarrah ( Corporation deferred to its 1915 budget deliberations several applications in North Adelaide, and an by Sturt Street School. The matter was debated fu an additional venue, but with little resolution and action ( sought Council assistance for the planting of a Coprosma ( As part of this development, the Association

354

: , has

1914, p. Report

[0.5ha] Annual ) along Report

(Annual

(Gatley 2001, p. cladocalx Annual

WIRRANENDI so two large borders. A levelled, old stunted trees ile appliances such as swings, slides Eucalyptus 1918, p. 25; 1920, p. 15; 1921, p. p. 15; 1920, 1918, p. 25; so “to prevent cattle grazing in the nded to be considerably smaller than 5 acres Report

have been planted, as al ted. The area has been ors would oversee the children’s activities, give them rgoing treatment at No. 7 Australian General s and herbaceous plants have been planted. The ng. On account of the extremely rainy season the ent in the Park Lands, has concluded that the (Gatley 2001, p. 36). (Gatley 2001, p. 36). October 1924 by the state Governor amidst curring Pelzer continued planting and fencing railway line fence, along the embankment, was shelter shed southern verandah to delimit wind ision of 12 special “seats with backs” to be Annual the playground in 1925 due to “considerable” cture.” In the following year he constructed an e, an area of about one and a quarter acres 28 trees were planted together with 5 Kurrajong en’s fitness and health, an important aspect of the 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES authorities, were “intended especially for the ce in the Playground. In 1927 “additional shade d age to the greatest extent practicable ayground.” Pelzer had to re-surface all the ) hedges had been planted along the western etween October 1927 to September 1928 ( nt. The “large Sugar Gums” ( oorest, most congested areas, and wh 1924, pp. 31, 37, 39, 40; 1925, p. 34, 36; 1926, p. 40; 1927, p. p. 34, 36; 1926, 40; 39, 40; 1925, 1924, pp. 31, 37, band concerts commenced in Kingston Gardens. In 1918 some Dovaylis caffra Report

) trees. Cross fencing was also erected Annual … playgrounds that were built in Adelaide te populneus in area, but they were divided by sex an

have been removed, and water service laid. Two lawns total of 30 shade trees and various ornamental shrub lawns and borders have been kerbed with jarrah edgi work of constructing pathways, erecting apparatus, etc., has been considerably delayed ... playgrounds were built in the p and see-saws were considered beneficial to childr movement was adult supervision. Playground supervis moral guidance and mould their sense of citizenship [and that] [2ha] 40) The new Children’s Playground on West Terrac been laid out and planted according to the plan submit 1923, p. 36). , 1928, p. 30; Gately 2000, pp. 176) , 1928, p. 30; Gately 2000, pp. 176) Brachychiton was opened on 10 The West Terrace Playground … [demonstrating] the use of play articles, and an exhibition“squads of children of eurythmics …” Kaffir Apple ( fenceline, 10 seats had been erected, and some ( adjoining park from congregating near the Pl pathways and re-establish flower borders within storm damage in February, placed battens of the and rain access, erected a “giant-strides stru “extra sandtray” because of the large attendan trees” were planted ( 30). supervisor supplied by the Education well-equipped playground had a full-time By 1928 “the Department, supplied with a direct telephone line to the police” and was hosting an audience of some 3,000-5,700 children per months b Report While the development of the playground was oc the entire works in Wirranendi/Park 23. In 1914 replaced by the Railways Departme 83; 1915, pp. 66, 70). With the erection of stand, in 1921 ( 4 4 concerts were recorded; in 1920; Gately, in a recent review of playground developm Catholic Cemetery Road were extensively pollarded and associated fencing reconstructed, the Mile End Road bicycle path was re-sheeted with limestone rubble in 1915 ( 24; 1923, p. 18). During 1918 the Corporation agreed to prov erected adjacent to the Keswick tramline route along the present Anzac Highway. The seats, the was approved by the military design, of which accommodation of sick and wounded soldiers unde

1921, p.

Report

, No. 63, 1919, p. 1919, p. No. 63, , Annual nd the municipality, the immediate need for e ground.” In July 1921 the SATPA invited agreeing to transfer £116 and £120 of funds eventually fully constructed in 1924. As part eastward, and lawns, hedges shrubs were elements of the tree arc avenue are evident in the in evident are avenue arc tree the of elements rracePlayground prepared as bythe South Australian South Australian Parliamentary Papers this, the scope of playground was reduced 921 some £537 had been spent on developing the Figure 22 the Corporation called for tender to erect a of “30 trees,” were budgeted at £45 ( 1936 aerial photograph further in this Report. in this Report. further 1936 aerial photograph The original design plan, undeveloped, for the West Te the for design plan, undeveloped, The original the in Housing Association as published Planning and plan, the this as per constructed being not 43. Despite 26; 1922, pp. 19-20; 1923, 18, 20, 37, 38). building supervised playgrounds on other sites arou the Corporation to take over the West Terrace site for the purchase of play equipment. Following of these works the western boundary was shifted planted. Mr RJ Lavis donated funds to purchase a “joy-wheel,” and the Corporation installed a there will be a and Roman rings. In addition “horizontal ladder, infant swings, a rocking-boat, wading-pool and sandpit.” In November 19 Pelzer recorded the extent of these works, in 1923, as follows: the West Terrace playground diminished. By 1 site including “fencing, buildings, and sewers for th with alterations made to SATPA’s plan, and then shelter shed and toilets. Plantings,

355 :

WIRRANENDI of the West Terrace Cemetery in Cemetery Terrace West the of 1995, np. c. ) ly heritage relevant vegetation within the West Terrace Terrace West within the vegetation relevant heritage ly 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure phylliraeoides

) ) tional Environmental Consultancy’s review Consultancy’s tional Environmental ligulata

Pittosporum acuminatum

) Acacia Santalum europaea

‘Garnettii’ shrub Olea Umbrella Wattle ( Weeping Pittosporum ( Quandong ( Pittosporum Olive ( .1995. Source: Source: National Environmental Consultancy Consultancy Environmental Source: National .1995. Source: A plan of locations of significant or identified cultural or identified of significant A plan of locations Cemeteryrecorded as part of the Na c

ssp) Report

Annual May last, when a ( th but they were discharged Washingtonia June, mare’s throat cut in rd with blunt instruments, in the ng its throat cut in the West despite the vigilance of Police May, horse’s throat cut in the th s by concentrating in a few parks having their throats cut, one in the 1919, p. 46; 1921, 37; 1926, 1908, p. 18). Report

Report

een arrested on suspicion, September, horse’s throat cut in Military ltural heritage significance exist today in the rd ) distributing seedlings and young trees in the the West Park Lands; 3 was constructed to cater for stormwater from Terrace Cemetery. The sources and dates of Annual ooding problems. In 1919 he diverted an open problems. ooding cidents. During 1919 several horses were Annual ks and levelling in the northernks and levelling in portion of s a serious “grass-fire” that occurred on 20 January that occurred on 20 January s a serious “grass-fire” Walyo Yerta/Park 27 together with numerous so as to prevent its waters flowing into the l obvious sources are the Botanic Gardens, Forest filled a “large depression so as to prevent the filled a “large depression viding the cemetery from the Park Lands, and ) ) ( September, horse killed by havi ‘Variegata’) ‘Variegata’) ) After that there was a respite until 13 ssp) were supplied from palm ( patersonii th )

two horses were killed, apparently there was insufficient evidence against them ) ) to detect the criminal or ) the West Park Lands. Since then, llowing cases have been reported:--24 molle confertus

) [1918] ) rubiginosa australascia robusta

)

var port of the Corporation providing trees to Cemetery is in Lagunaria sempervirens

Washingtonia macrophylla June, horse killed and two wounded by populneus

var

th Ficus aeria

May, horse’s throat cut in procera

dactilifera th halepensis

Ficus Lophostemon 1918, pp. 28, 34). 1918, pp. 28, Cupressus Schinus Washingtonia azedarach Ulmus Pinus

Phoenix Report Brachychiton

Melia Annual Italian Cypress ( Moreton Bay Fig ( Date Palm ( Kurrajong ( Hibiscus ( Norfolk Island Pepper Trees ( when brought before the Police Court as 1919, pp. 31-32). Aleppo Pine ( Cotton Palm ( In May and August of last year Park Lands, and two others were injured. South and the other in the West Park Lands; … 3 Headquarter’s paddock, Keswick; … 11 Park Lands. An attempt was made the whole of animals depastured. Two men have b English Elm ( horse was found with its throat cut in West Park Lands; 26 Queensland Box ( Variegated Rusty Fig ( and the Corporation’s officers, fo the West Park Lands; 10 1880s-1930s period. The first re 1880s-1930s 1908 when some 57 “palms” ( 41). Trees and palms characterise much of the West many of theses plantings are unclear. Severa Board and the Corporation, and each often freely stocks in the Corporation’s West Nursery White Cedars ( Keswick bowling greens from being flooded” ( Keswick bowling greens from being flooded” Gouger and Angas Streets. In the south, he In the late 1910s Pelzer commenced earthwor drainage and fl Wirranendi/Park 23 to address stormwater drain, about 20 chains in length, Cemetery grounds. In 1921 a new covered drain Numerous examples of extant plantings some cu Cemetery and include specimens of: Hospital, Keswick.” The Corporation also invited additional donations from the public for further seats. In the same year he also record destroyed 92 young gum trees in the plantation adjoining the fence. The trees have been replaced” ( 23, Tambawodli/24, and Narnungga/Park 25 Horse and cattle agistment of Wirranedni/Park continued during the 1910s but not without in subjected to considerable ill-treatment by unknown persons: 1918 that “burnt through the picket fence di

356

:

Melia

WIRRANENDI ged with metal stripping. ged with metal stripping. equipment, established hedging and hedging established equipment, ing little extant in the Park Lands today, today, Lands Park in the extant ing little

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES the leftrear the andexpanse large of lawn in the Figures bandstand in 1928 depicting mature White Cedar ( mature White Cedar in 1928 depicting bandstand ushed gravel pathways ed in 1928 indicating the range of play indicating in 1928 ) trees on the left and right, timber seat timber right, and left the on trees ) Adelaide (1928). Adelaide australisca var freestanding metal and timber slat seating, and cr and slat seating, and timber metal freestanding Above: a photograph of the Kingston Garden’s of the a photograph Above: azedarach Below: The West Terrace Playground to block and toilet shed shelter gabled the shrubbery, playground. of Source: City

Dovyalis Report [

Annual Annual Annual 1928, p. 45). ) hedge plants. e area to be levelled and ; (b) removal of some Report ) trees from Kingston

to the old slaughterhouse caffra

1924, p. 5). 1924, p. 5). [3.0m] ) trees because of Annual 1926, p. 18). Dovyalis : (a) a hedge of Kaffir apple Report

pseudoacacia procera

Report , a new tip being established at the western

Ulmus Annual Robinia ( ornamental trees, the whol so as to hide the West Terrace Cemetery from Annual A trench, 0.6 x 0.6m, had to be excavated A trench, 0.6 x 0.6m, had ( when necessary as a receiving tip for street sweepings ve widening of West Terrace, between Sturt (Anzac Highway) at a cost of £180. But in y in a letter to the Corporation dated 17 and levelled several large bare areas in ccumulated sweepings removed grounds, occasionally with the Corporation’s seeds of couch and Kentucky blue grass ( an open stormwater drain along the Cemetery r road sweepings had long existing in the street trees on the western side ( 1924-25 and opened up a new tip in ) along the eastern side of the road. State Governor Sir trained to a height of about 10 feet erected in Wirranendi/Park 23 ( een Sturt Street and South Terrace of fencing and planting, £70. procera

s of one the motor-lorries actioned this motion in 1927, and directed Pelzer to undertake 1925, p. 35; 1927, 31). ssp) were planted in West Terrace as part of these works ( Ulmus and used there for the filling up of hollows Fraxinus [Park 27] 1927, p. 31; 1928, 5; 1929, 35). along the Cemetery wall to be ] Report

the overgrown ill-shaped stunted trees and replacing with sheeted with metal screenings. Estimated cost, £180 caffra end of the Hilton Road. This could also be utilized and cleared regularly by mean (2) Planting West Terrace betw passing trains. Estimated cost paddocks (1) Park No. 23—Planting four large groups of trees .. that this tip and depot be abolished and the a 1927, pp. 30, 31). 1922, p. 28; 1923, 20; Annual Report Road widening works were also projected for Anzac Highway inPelzer to 1927 prompting relocate 81 English Elms ( Tom Bridges, drew attention to Anzac Highwa Some 17 ash trees ( To action these works Pelzer had to remove ( and filled with new soils to enable the planting of Kaffir Apple boundary wall and lay pipes refill the drain line. Pelzer executed this recommendation over Wirranendi/Park 23 later called ‘Turner’s Tip’. During 1925 the Corporation proposed extensi Street and South Terrace, removing most of impending road widening works proposed by the Corporation. By 1925 Bay Road was renamed by the Corporation. By 1925 Bay impending road widening works proposed Anzac Highway. During 1925 Pelzer broke up Wirranendi/Park 23 and replanted them with 1925, p. 74). The Corporation the following planting works: Garden to the Cemetery. In 1923 the Corporation budgeted for establishment of a trees” along Bay Road plantation of “135 various 1927 Pelzer had to take up and replant 81 of these elm ( Report rear of the ObservatoryTambawodli/Park land but by 1924 was observed as being 24 to the relatively full. Accordingly, the Corporation proposed: The future and condition of the Corporations depots in Park Lands attracted the Councillor’s attention in the 1920s. A tip fo nursery donations, Pelzer also commenced plantings around the Cemetery. In 1922 he established a pedestrian avenue with 52 False Acacia’s ( While planting proceeded inside the Cemetery December 1928 suggesting the Highway should be a “slow thoroughfare” arguing that the roadsides should be planted with “English trees which lose their leaves in the winter, or perhaps trees” were planted in Wirranendi/Park 23 1929 58 “various A further Californian pines.” ( During 1927 one tennis court was

357 :

WIRRANENDI Aboriginal children, resident in the west Aboriginal children, resident Centenary of South Australia celebrations in p. 27). Following Pelzer’s retirement a Pelzer’s p. 27). Following around the Playground as a camping venue s and the Council of the West Park Lands also 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES space in houses (Hemming 1998, p. 58). Corporation commenced a reorganisation of the 1935-36, p. 37). 1935-36, p. Report

Annual Hemming has observed that during the 1930s-50s Adelaide locality, would use Wirranendi/Park 23 when there was not enough accommodation retired and the 1932 Pelzer On 29 February City Gardener’s Branch (Annual Report 1931-32, sequence of gardeners and a change commitment to the gardens and the Park Lands is evident throughout Adelaide notwithstanding the 1936. Further, little attention by City Gardener to progressive changes plantings and borders in Kingston Garden occurs until the 1960s, less (

) trees present. present. ) trees Ulmus procera Ulmus in 1928 depicting the play equipment, extensive extensive equipment, play the depicting in 1928 Figures Figures ilet at the rear accompanied by a flagpole. a flagpole. by accompanied the rear at ilet 1928 with young English Elm ( Elm English 1928 with young Terrace Playground in use in in Terrace Playground Adelaide (1928). Adelaide Below: the West Below: the Above: a photograph of the West Terrace Playground Playground West Terrace the of a photograph Above: perimeter shrubbery,andshelter the shed and to of Source: City

358 :

WIRRANENDI dertaken under Pelzer’s tenure in in tenure Pelzer’s under dertaken

de taken in 1936 indicating the scope of extant tree extant of scope the in 1936 indicating de taken 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure ngs that had been established and un Wirranendi/Park 23. Source: ACC Archives. ACC Archives. Source: 23. Wirranendi/Park Extract of an aerial photograph of metropolitan Adelai aerial photograph Extract of an planti clump and shelterbelt perimeter,

e parks, gardens, boundary urce: ACC Archives.

Figure Figure Wirranendi/Park 23. So Wirranendi/Park , 14 November 1927, depicting th 1927, depicting November , 14 Plan Showing Improved Pavements Improved Showing Plan Extract of a alignments and internal roadways in 1927 internal and alignments

359 : , or the ) trees were dying

WIRRANENDI ographed by Aleks Danko. Aleks Danko. ographed by spp) trees to the lethal Scolytus multistriatus ). carvers’, letterers’ and founders’ .1995, p. np). .1995, p. Ulmus c Ulmus procera triandra

changing attitudes to the celebration of death ical information make it an important educational Themeda contains the remains of and memorials to many subsequent history of Adelaide and South creasingly placed stress upon the mature he State of the way in which its physical features ugh investigations by Arbortech Tree Services g by Michael Blazewicz; phot Michael Blazewicz; g by on, artists Jude Walton and Aleks Danko, to and in parts of Narnungga/Park 25 presumably and in parts of Narnungga/Park 25 presumably

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Image: on both sides of Sir Donald Bradman Drive near most significant in the State because: st diverse collection of masons’, ) trees “predisposing them to infestation by e permission of Arts SA. Ulmus procera craft in the state; 4. Its range of geological specimens and genealog resource. 1. It was the colonies’ chief burial ground and the citizens who helped shaped the origins and Australia; 2. It provides the most complete evidence in t (plan, plantings, monuments and furnishings) reflect in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; 3. It contains the richest and mo West Terrace Cemetery, Adelaide, is the Image reproduced with th with reproduced Image ‘Lie of the Land; installation design drawing. Drawin of the Land; ‘Lie Elm Bark Beetle”; a beetle that increases the vulnerability of Elm ( in Wirranendi/Park 23 near Kingston Gardens due to reductions in the irrigation and watering regimes applied by Corporation ((Hough 2005, p. 16). This observation was confirmed thro who concluded that reductions in the irrigation and watering regimes, fulfilling Corporation’s sustainability policy outcomes, had in English Elm ( During 2005 it was observed that mature to elderly English Elm ( In 2001 Art for Public Places, in conjunction with the , commissioned successful winners of a limited design competiti This combination of factors means that the West Terrace is one of the dozen most significant burial grounds in Australia (National Environmental Consultancy undertake their ‘Lie of the Land’ installation the railway bridge as part of an entry gateway statement for Adelaide. The materials were Kanmantoo stone, granitised sand, Kangaroo Grass (

Terrace

West acres (0.8ha) of the Park Lands. hwards into Wirranendi/Park 23, under the an extensive native tree species planting Wirranendi/Park 23 including the development on Aboriginal citizenship the West Park Lands

d Narnungga/Park 25) was a venue for regular d Narnungga/Park 25) was a variety of non-indigenous native tree species, Figures .1995) proposed the following statement of .1995) proposed the following statement c ( rrace Cemetery was reconstituted under the with plan. of 1944 that alienated about 2 of 1944 that of 1976 that consolidated and revised past legislation that affected the West Terrace Cemetery Act 1976 West Terrace West Terrace Cemetery Conservation Plan Extract, Extract, Prior to the successful 1967 federal referendum Tambawodli/Park 24, an (Wirranendi/Park 23, Indigenous encampments (Hemming 1998, p. 17). 23 was designated as ‘Edwards Park’ to In 1971 the southern portion of Wirranendi/Park honour Councillor Edwards. In 1976 the management of West Te Cemetery Act No 57 Cemetery. In 1944 the AIF cemetery section was extended sout Return Soldiers Cemetery Act 11 During the 1980s-2000 Corporation undertook program in the western portion of the northern of perennial wetlands and shallow stormwater retarding basins. To the south west of the Cemetery, an area has been planted out with which are for the most part from Western Australia and New South Wales. The significance for the West Terrace Cemetery:

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WIRRANENDI

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES

var 2005, p. 73). et al Melia azedararch Lemon-grass (Cymbopogon

acea), Eucalyptus porosa, Twiggy Yards that has been planted with , meaning ‘to become wirra’ Wirranendi ), and White Cedar ( oxa), Umbrella Bush (A. ligulata), Callitris g naturally in the area.. (Maireana brevifolia) and plantation reflect species that would have formed the d include such species as Wreath Wattle (Acacia their Halifax Eco-City Development in early iced increased stress being placed upon mature nendi/Park 23, Long (2003, p. 50) has written: the Cemetery, and the Corporation’s actions to rk 23 in indigenous species (Draper meaning ‘to be transformed into’. The name was first Robinia pseudoacacia lute, Native Lilac (Hardenbergia viol Cemetery near the Mile End Railway nendi was also found occurrin meaning ‘forest’ and – ) in the same localities (Arbortech Tree Services 2006, pp. 1-7). local indigenous species. The species chosen in this Mallee Woodland that once occupied this area, an acinacea), A. pycnantha, Kangaroo Thorn (A. papad preissii, Dianella revolute var. revo Daisy-bush (Olearia ramulose), Short-leaf Blueush ambiguus). Chloris truncata There is a plantation west of the wirra australasica In assessing the botanical significance of Wirra

Dutch Elm Disease. The same investigation not to elderly specimens of False Acacia ( Amery (1997, p. 1; 2002, 271) proposed the toponym or ‘to become transformed into a green, forested area’, to the park. The nomenclature is derived from used by Urban Ecology Australia Ltd to describe gives recognition to the several surviving indigenous plant species in1996. The toponym this park, including the native apricot growing in revegetate a large tract of Wirranendi/Pa