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Violences Faites Aux Femmes

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Violences Faites Aux Femmes HENRI DORVIL , directeur GUYLAINE RACINE , codirectrice L’analyse des problèmes sociaux est encore aujourd’hui au cœur de la formation de plusieurs disciplines en sciences humaines, notamment en sociologie et en travail social. Les milieux franco- phones ont manifesté depuis quelques années un intérêt croissant pour l’analyse des problèmes sociaux, qui présentent maintenant des visages variables compte tenu des mutations des valeurs, des transformations du rôle de l’État, de la précarité de l’emploi et du phénomène de mondialisation. Partant, il devenait impératif de rendre compte, dans une perspective résolument multidisciplinaire, des nouvelles approches théoriques et méthodologiques dans l’analyse des problèmes sociaux ainsi que des diverses modalités d’intervention de l’action sociale, de l’action législative et de l’action institutionnelle à l’égard de ces problèmes. La collection « Problèmes sociaux et interventions sociales » veut précisément témoigner de ce renouveau en permettant la diffu- sion de travaux sur divers problèmes sociaux. Pour ce faire, elle vise un large public comprenant tant les étudiants, les formateurs et les intervenants que les responsables administratifs et politiques. © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés 6)/,%.#%3 FAITESAUX &%--%3 © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés 6 PRESSES DE L’UniversitÉ DU QUÉBEC Le Delta I, 2875, boulevard Laurier, bureau 450 Québec (Québec) G1V 2M2 Téléphone : (418) 657-4399 • Télécopieur : (418) 657-2096 Courriel : [email protected] • Internet : www.puq.ca Diffusion / Distribution : CANADA et autres pays PROLOGUE INC . 1650, boulevard Lionel-Bertrand Boisbriand (Québec) J7H 1N7 Téléphone : (450) 434-0306 / 1 800-363-2864 FRANCE BELGIQUE SUISSE AFPU-DI ff U S ION PATRIMOINE SPRL SERVIDIS SA SODI S 168, rue du Noyer 5, rue des Chaudronniers 1030 Bruxelles CH-1211 Genève 3 Belgique Suisse La Loi sur le droit d’auteur interdit la reproduction des œuvres sans autorisation des titulaires de droits. Or, la photocopie non autorisée – le « photocopillage » – s’est généralisée, provoquant une baisse des ventes de livres et compromettant la rédaction et la production de nouveaux ouvrages par des professionnels. L’objet du logo apparaissant ci-contre est d’alerter le lecteur sur la menace que représente pour l’avenir de l’écrit le développement massif du « photocopillage ». © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés 6)/,%.#%3 FAITESAUX &%--%3 Sous la direction de VI V IANNE CHÂTEL SHIRLEY ROY 2008 Presses de l’Université du Québec Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bur. 450 Québec (Québec) Canada G1V 2M2 © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés 6 Catalogage avant publication de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec et Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Vedette principale au titre : Violences faites aux femmes (Collection Problèmes sociaux & interventions sociales ; 37) Textes présentés lors d’un colloque tenu à Montréal du 22 au 24 oct. 2006. Textes en français et en anglais. ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 1. Violence envers les femmes - Congrès. 2. Violence entre conjoints - Congrès. 3. Violence envers les femmes - Prévention - Congrès. 4. Femmes victimes de violence, Services aux - Congrès. I. Damant, Dominique, 1950- . II. Collection. HV6250.4.W65V562 2008 362.82'92 C2008-940468-8F Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec and Library and Archives Canada cataloguing in publication Main entry under title : Violences faites aux femmes (Collection Problèmes sociaux & interventions sociales ; 37) Papers presented at a conference held in Montréal, Oct. 22-24, 2006. Text in French and English. ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 1. Women - Violence against - Congresses. 2. Marital violence - Congresses. 3. Women - Violence against - Prevention - Congresses. 4. Abused women - Services for - Congresses. I. Damant, Dominique, 1950- . II. Series. HV6250.4.W65V562 2008 362.82'92 C2008-940468-8E Nous reconnaissons l’aide financière du gouvernement du Canada par l’entremise du Programme d’aide au développement de l’industrie de l’édition (PADIE) pour nos activités d’édition. La publication de cet ouvrage a été rendue possible grâce à l’aide financière de la Société de développement des entreprises culturelles (SODEC). Mise en pages : IN F O S C A N COLLETTE -QUÉBEC Couverture : RICH A RD HODG S ON 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PUQ 2008 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés © 2008 Presses de l’Université du Québec Dépôt légal – 2e trimestre 2008 Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec / Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Imprimé au Canada © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél. : (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de : Violences faites aux femmes, Suzanne Arcand, Dominique Damant, Sylvie Gravel et Elizabeth Harper (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés En hommage à toutes les femmes violentées du Québec, du Rwanda, d’Haïti, de Bosnie, de l’Inde, du Darfour, du Mexique, et cætera. Malheureusement. AVANT-PROPOS/TÉMOIGNAGE Allocution d’Athanasie Mukarwego, « Mère courage » du Rwanda, lors de la séance inaugurale du colloque international « Violences faites aux femmes : réponses sociales plurielles », organisé à Montréal (Québec), en octobre 2006, par le Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la violence familiale et la violence faite aux femmes (CRI-VIFF). Bonjour à tous, Comme on vient de vous le dire, je suis rwandaise, âgée de 47 ans, mère de quatre enfants. Quand le génocide d’avril a commencé, je venais de passer 13 ans au Rwanda, parce qu’à partir de 1 an jusqu’à 22 ans, je n’avais pas connu mon pays d’origine, car mes parents s’étaient réfugiés en République démocratique du Congo, suite aux conflits ethniques qui ont eu lieu au Rwanda en 1960. Mariée à un homme aussi réfugié en 1981, nous avons décidé de rentrer au Rwanda. Là, j’enseignais dans une école privée et mon mari travaillait au ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche scientifique. Les enfants étaient encore au primaire. Nous étions heureux dans notre famille. C’était pendant les vacances de Pâques. Dans la nuit du 6 au 7 avril 1994, nous entendions les tirs des fusils, d’abord de loin et progressivement dans les quartiers voisins et enfin dans mon quartier. C’était des familles de l’ethnie tutsie qu’on tuait. Le lendemain à cinq heures du matin, nous entendions un communiqué à la radio annonçant la mort de l’ex-président et demandant à tous les habitants de rester chez eux pour que les forces de l’ordre puissent nous assurer la sécurité. Ils entrèrent dans les maisons © 2008 – Presses de l’Université du Québec Édifice Le Delta I, 2875, boul. Laurier, bureau 450, Québec, Québec G1V 2M2 • Tél.: (418) 657-4399 – www.puq.ca Tiré de: Violences faites aux femmes, S. Arcand, D. Damant, S. Gravel et E. Harper (dir.), ISBN 978-2-7605-1561-1 • D1561N Tous droits de reproduction, de traduction et d’adaptation réservés X VIOLENCES FAITES AUX FEMMES des Tutsis qui étaient identifiées préalablement par les autorités locales ; mon mari fut tué le 15 avril sur la place publique avec d’autres personnes de tout âge après une nuit de torture.
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