Great Britain, North Ireland & The Republic of Ireland Heritage, History, Traditions & Customs

“The British Isles Historic Society Newsletter”

03-21b Queen Elizabeth & St. George Special Issue Bring on the Pub Pies! Pub Week April 18th. to 24th.

Queen Elizabeth II, Birthday, On visiting any pub in Great Britain, one would April 21st. 2021 be hard pressed not to find at least one on the menu. They have been a staple of pub fare since (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) the medieval era, if not before. There is something Queen of the United Kingdom. infinitely hearty and comforting about meat and It’s crazy to think that vegetables swimming in a rich gravy wrapped in a Queen Elizabeth was once thick, flaky crust. I daresay working men in England but a girl. We’re so used to have been popping round to the pub for a pie and a seeing her the way she is pint in the middle of the day to get them through today… older and wiser, afternoons on the job since that very same medieval more austere. As a girl, era. Pubs take a great deal of pride in the Elizabeth was down for reputations of their pies. There are even annual anything. As a teen she was a part of the Girl Guides contests for the best pub pies in counties, districts, - basically the Girl Scouts but with less cookie selling. and even the entire country. In order to help Elizabeth gain her merit April 23rd. badges the 1st Buckingham Palace Company was formed, made up of children of royal household St. George’s Day members and any Buckingham Palace workers whose children wanted to take part in the Girl Guides. The young Elizabeth learned how to cook over an open fire, pitch a tent, and even worked on her bandaging skills while taking care of her sister. H.R.H. Prince Philip, A grateful and thankful world remembers Duke of Edinburgh Hi Steve, sad news.

Born: June 10, 1921, Mon Although expected, he didn't look good after Repos, Corfu, Greece. leaving hospital recently, getting news of his passing was very sad indeed. As I lived in London Died: April 9, for most of my life my family constantly went to 2021, Windsor Castle, the Palace frequently for various events and on Windsor, United Kingdom. special occasions. I can clearly remember sitting on Philip was born into the Greek and Danish my father's shoulders as a young child to get a clear royal families. He was born in Greece, but his family view of the Royal Family on the balcony waving to was exiled from the country when he was eighteen the huge crowds and over the following months old. After being educated in France, years. What an amazing life he had. My thoughts Germany and the United Kingdom, he joined the go out to the Queen and the Royal Family for their British Royal Navy in 1939, aged 18. From July 1939, great loss. For me this is a time of reflection of he began corresponding with the thirteen-year-old years past. Princess Elizabeth, whom he had first met in 1934. As a side note, I hope you are both keeping During the Second World War he served with well during Covid. Best regards, distinction in the Mediterranean and Pacific Fleets. Pauline After the war, Philip was granted permission by George VI to marry Elizabeth. Before the official I had the great pleasure of announcement of their engagement in July 1947, he being a piper in the mass pipe abandoned his Greek and Danish titles and styles, band that played for the Queen became a naturalised British subject, and adopted and Prince Philip when they his maternal grandparents' surname Mountbatten. attended the Commonwealth He married Elizabeth on 20 November 1947. Just Games in Edmonton. before the wedding, he was granted the style, His 1978. The Queen and Royal Highness and created Duke of Edinburgh, Earl Princes Philip, Edward and Andrew visited of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich by King George Newfoundland, Saskatchewan and Alberta in 1978, VI. Philip left active military service when Elizabeth and attended the Commonwealth Games in became queen in 1952, having reached the rank Edmonton. According to the BBC, a crowd of of commander, and was made a British prince in 45,000 spectators rose to their feet as the Royal 1957. Philip had four children with Elizabeth: Family, travelling in two open-top cars, entered the Charles, Prince of Wales; Anne, Princess stadium in Edmonton. Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince In her opening speech, the Queen said how Edward, Earl of Wessex. pleased she was to be in Edmonton for the games https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh and, on behalf of the Canadian people, welcomed Prince Philip’s "astonishing achievements" and the 1,475 athletes from 46 different countries to his legacy will live on forever in the hearts the event. of those that knew him and met him. Steve Wednesday, 21st April King George V, 1865-1936 is the 95th birthday of The grandson of Queen Her Majesty the Queen. Victoria—and grandfather to Queen Elizabeth—George V was The Queen, the first born third in the line of succession child of the then Duke and and did not expect to become Duchess of York, was born at king. That changed after his elder 2:40 a.m. on Wednesday, 21st brother Prince Albert Victor died in 1892. George April 1926 at 17 Bruton Street, ascended the throne after the death of his father in the London home of her maternal grandparents, the 1910, serving as King of the United Kingdom and Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She Emperor of India until his death in 1936. was baptised Elizabeth (after her mother) Alexandra (her great grandmother) Mary (her grandmother) on King George VI, 1895 - 1952 29th May in the chapel of Buckingham Palace. The Known publicly as Prince chapel was destroyed by bombing in World War II Albert until his accession, King and is now the site of the Queen’s Gallery. The George VI did not expect to inherit house on Bruton Street was also bombed and the throne because his elder subsequently torn down after the war. The site is brother Edward VIII was first in the marked by an historical plaque. line of succession. As the second Happy Birthday, Queen Elizabeth II. son of George V and Queen Mary, he was made Duke of York in 1920, after serving in the Royal Navy Neolithic Scotland and Royal Air Force during World War I. In 1923, he Rare evidence of married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, and the couple 5,000-year-old fabric had two daughters: the future Queen Elizabeth and discovered in Orkney. Princess Margaret. Following Edward’s abdication in The piece of Neolithic 1936, Albert took the throne and assumed the name fabric has not survived, but archaeologists did find King George VI. The dissolution of the British Empire the impression it left on the wet clay of a pot and formation of the British Commonwealth were millennia ago. finalized during George’s reign, so he was both the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the The discovery was made by archaeologists Commonwealth. George died in 1952 at the age of examining markings on pottery from Ness of Brodgar 56, and was succeeded by his daughter. in Orkney. Evidence of Neolithic woven textile in Scotland was first found at Flint Howe, near Trivia Question #1 Stranraer, in 1966. An impression of the fabric had also been spotted on a piece of clay. Which monarch coined the surname ‘Windsor’ https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney- for the British royal family, after deciding that the shetland family’s previous treble-barrelled and German-sounding names were ‘unpatriotic’? The History of the the Iron Age, all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth, British Isles was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons, including some Belgic tribes (e.g. the The British Isles have Atrebates, the Catuvellauni, the Trinovantes, etc.) in witnessed intermittent the south east. In 43 AD the Roman conquest of periods of competition and Britain began; the Romans maintained control of cooperation between the people that occupy the their province of Britannia until the early 5th various parts of Great Britain, the Isle of Man, century. Ireland, the Bailiwick of Guernsey, the Bailiwick of The end of Roman rule in Britain facilitated the Jersey and the smaller adjacent islands. Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, which historians Today, the British Isles contain two sovereign often regard as the origin of England and of the states: the Republic of Ireland and the United English people. The Anglo-Saxons, a collection of Kingdom. There are also three Crown dependencies: various Germanic peoples, established several Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man. The United kingdoms that became the primary powers in Kingdom comprises England, Northern Ireland, present -day England and parts of southern Scotland. Scotland, and Wales, each country having its own They introduced the Old English language, history, with all but Northern Ireland having been which largely displaced the previous British independent states at one point. The history of the language. The Anglo-Saxons warred with British formation of the United Kingdom is very complex. successor states in western Britain and the Hen The British monarch was head of state of all of Ogledd (Old North; the Brittonic-speaking parts of the countries of the British Isles from the Union of northern Britain), as well as with each other. Raids the Crowns in 1603 until the enactment of the by Vikings became frequent after about AD 800, and Republic of Ireland Act in 1949, although the term the Norsemen settled in large parts of what is now "British Isles" was not used in 1603. Additionally, England. During this period, several rulers attempted since the independence of most of Ireland, historians to unite the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, an effort of the region often avoid the term British Isles due to that led to the emergence of the Kingdom of England the complexity of relations between the peoples of by the 10th century. the archipelago https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles

The British Isles became inhabited more than Thx for the news and the background details 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools from the desk of the BIHS...... and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk has As for the Pub Pie week, I notice that the pies revealed. The earliest evidence for early modern are generally meat pies. However, I must say, that humans in North West Europe, a jawbone my favorite pie is the Saskatoon Pie that comes from discovered in Devon at Kents Cavern in 1927, was the Vancouver Island Saskatoon Farm in Cobble re-dated in 2011 to between 41,000 and 44,000 Hill. I shall bake one of those that same week and years old. Continuous human habitation in England indulge in the history of the Saskatoon Berry and the dates to around 13,000 years ago (see Creswellian), beauty of the pie that swims around my tastes buds, at the end of the Last Glacial Period. The region has my emotional memories, and my delight in the numerous remains from the Mesolithic, Neolithic current flavour. and Bronze Age, such as Stonehenge and Avebury. In David A. Spence President, RCS VI British expeditions Rocky Mountains. He was responsible for building (1790s–1821) that area's first trading posts, and, in 1808, he ex- plored what is now known as the Fraser River, which When European bears his name. Simon Fraser's exploratory efforts explorer-merchants were partly responsible for Canada's boundary later from the east started being established at the 49th parallel (after the War to discover British of 1812), since he as a British subject was the first Columbia. Three figures dominate in the early European to establish permanent settlements in the history of mainland British Columbia: Sir Alexander area. According to historian Alexander Begg, Fraser Mackenzie, Simon Fraser, and David Thompson. As "was offered a knighthood but declined the title due employees of the North West Company, the three to his limited wealth were primarily concerned with discovering a David Thompson (30 April 1770 practicable river route to the Pacific, specifically via – 10 February 1857) was a the Columbia River, for the extension of the fur British-Canadian fur trader, surveyor, trade. In 1793, Mackenzie became the first European and cartographer. Thompson has been to reach the Pacific overland north of the Rio described as the "greatest land Grande. He and his crew entered the region through geographer who ever lived." David Thompson was the Rocky Mountains via the Peace River, reaching born in Westminster, Middlesex, to recent Welsh the ocean at North Bentinck Arm, near present-day migrants Bella Coola. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_British_Columbia Sir Alexander Mackenzie (or MacKenzie, Scottish Gaelic: Alasdair Cheat Loaf, Historic MacCoinnich; 1764 – 12 March 1820) Bread. Bread made from the was a Scottish explorer known for second quality of flour, inferior accomplishing the first east to west to Manchet. (OED). Known at crossing of America north of Mexico least since the 'The Boke of in 1793, which preceded the more famous Lewis and Curtasye' of 1450; "Manchet and chet bred he shalle Clark Expedition by 12 years. The Mackenzie River is take" If you ordered finest manchet, but were given named after him, the longest river system in Canada inferior bread, you had been cheated - it seems to be and the second longest in North America. Mackenzie the case that the verb meaning "to substitute by was born in Luskentyre House in Stornoway on Lewis trickery, to deprive, to deceive" is derived from the name of the bread. There is some indication that Sly Simon Fraser (20 May 1776 – Cake has also been referred to as 'Cheat'. 18 August 1862) was a fur trader and explorer of Scottish ancestry who #1 Trivia Answer charted much of what is now the King George V Canadian province of British Columbia (B.C.). He also built the first European settlement in Trivia Question #2 B.C. Fraser was employed by the Montreal-based Which member of the royal family was dubbed North West Company. By 1805, he had been put in ‘The World’s Number One Celebrity’ by Reader’s charge of all the company's operations west of the Digest in 1985? Toad in the Hole Cottage Pie Fish and Chips Pork bangers baked in TAKE-OUT Ground beef, carrots, PUB PIE a Yorkshire pudding Beer battered Ling SERVICE peas, red wine and with mash potato, WEEK Cod served with chips, ONLY thyme baked with vegetables and Guin- a house made slaw mash potato and ness gravy and tartar sauce. gravy. Served with a choice of fries or salad One piece or two piece Guinness Steak and Mushroom Pie Fisherman’s Pie Steak, mushroom, Lamb Stew Wild salmon, haddock, peas and carrots, in a Lamb, carrots, celery, scallops and shrimp, in rich Guinness broth, potato, onion and a wine and mushroom under a golden barley, served with a cream sauce, baked top. Served with a garlic baguette with a mash potato choice of fries or salad. crust

Chicken Pot Pie Seafood Chicken, carrots and Chowder peas in a rich cream sauce, under a golden Creamy west coast pastry top. Served chowder with clams, with a choice of fries salmon and cod. or salad By the cup or bowl

St. George Diocletian initially tried to convert him with offers of wealth and land but when he refused, he According to was beheaded on 23 April 303. legend, St George was a Roman soldier born King Edward III made St George the country’s in what is now official saint just after he came to the throne in 1327. modern-day Turkey in Edward III wanted to rebuild the strength of the around 280AD and died around 303. Very little is English monarchy after the disastrous reign of his known about his early life, but it is believed he was father – St George was part of his strategy to make born to a wealthy Christian noble family. When he England one of the most powerful and warlike grew up, he became a soldier and joined the retinue nations in Europe. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/st-georges-day of Emperor Diocletian. In 303, Diocletian, as part of a crackdown on #2 Trivia Answer the growing influence of the Christian community, Princess Diana, Initially ordered that all Christian soldiers in the army should presented as the heir to the be expelled and all Roman soldiers be forced to throne's dutiful, innocent make the traditional pagan sacrifice. bride, Diana transformed St George refused and denounced the edict in herself into an outspoken and front of his fellow soldiers, declaring he was a controversial figure. Christian. St. George 2021-04-02 St George’s Day takes place A Quick note from one of our Readers on 23 April, which is traditionally Thank you. So interesting! accepted as being the date of his Susan Johnsen death in AD 303.

St George was beheaded 2021-04-10 for resigning his military post and protesting against Thank you for adding me to your newsletter list. his pagan leader, the Emperor Diocletian (245-313 AD), who led Rome’s persecution of Christians. Sincerely, The Emperor’s wife was so inspired by St Maureen Alexander George’s bravery and loyalty to his religion, that she too became a Christian and was subsequently The Pendulum executed for her faith. c. 1726: Gridiron pendulum Before the patronage of St George was invented by John Harrison (1693– brought back from the Crusades, the top choice for 1776). The gridiron pendulum was a England’s patron saint was Edmund the Martyr, one temperature-compensated clock of the Whuffings, East Anglia’s ruling family. Edmund pendulum invented by British is also the patron saint of pandemics, torture victims, clockmaker John Harrison around 1726 and later and wolves. modified by John Ellicott. It was used in precision clocks. In ordinary clock pendulums, the pendulum His emblem, a red cross on rod expands and contracts with changes in a white background was temperature. The period of the pendulum's swing adopted by Richard The depends on its length, so a pendulum clock's rate Lionheart and brought to varied with changes in ambient temperature, England in the 12th century, when the king’s soldiers causing inaccurate timekeeping. would wear it on their tunics to avoid confusion in battle. Schooldays Though celebrations are somewhat muted in Treacle Sponge. modern times, Englishmen can still be seen to mark A St. George’s Day treat. St George’s Day with quintessentially British Many Brits will think of traditions, such as Morris Dancing, eating fish and their schooldays when a steamed treacle pudding is chips or watching a Punch and Judy puppet show. presented to them. It was one of those classic P.S. You don’t school-dinner puds, like spotted dick. A treacle have to be English sponge pudding is a traditional British dish to take the family consisting of a steamed sponge cake with treacle out for a Fish & cooked either on it or sometimes also poured over it Chip dinner or a and often served with hot . picnic to RECIPE: https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/schooldays-treacle- celebrate St. sponge Battenberg Jugged Steak, Battenburg is a light Endangered Pot Meals, sponge cake held together Berkshire: Beef cooked in a with jam. The cake is sealed pot. covered in and, Original Receipt in 'Shields when cut in cross section, displays a distinctive Daily Gazette'- Saturday 28 May 1892 two-by-two check pattern alternately coloured pink and yellow. The large chequered patterns on Jugged Steak.-Beat two pounds of steak with a emergency vehicles in the UK are officially referred rolling-pin, place the meat in a jar in the oven, with to as Battenburg markings because of their enough stock thickened with flour to cover it; add an resemblance to the cake. onion with the peel on, a few cloves, pepper and salt Charles Nevin wrote in The Independent: to taste, bake it for four or five hours. When you dish “Battenberg cake is exemplarily British. The first cake the steak, pour the gravy over it through a sieve. The was baked in 1884 to celebrate Prince Louis of skin of onions colours whatever meat it is placed Battenberg marrying Princess Victoria, Queen with, the knowledge of which saves much trouble in Victoria’s granddaughter, and Prince Philip’s all dishes where it is not necessary to slice onions. grandmother. Original Receipt from 'Blackburn Standard' - Cadbury Dairy Milk Saturday 15 July 1899 Jugged Steak. - Cut a piece of beefsteak into Year Created: slices, roll them, and arrange them in a stone jar. 1905, Country of Add two onions stuck with cloves, a of wine, pepper Origin: England and salt to taste, and cover closely. Place the jar in a The Cadbury Dairy Milk bar made its debut in pan of boiling water and let it simmer till the meet is 1905. Although Cadbury had been producing tender. The meat tastes like jugged hare. Do not add chocolate bars sine 1894, the Dairy Milk bar featured any water in cooking. a higher proportion of milk than the brand’s previous bars. The bar was and instant success and within a Drombeg stone decade, it became Cadbury’s best-selling product. circle in Ireland. In the Irish Following the original Dairy Milk bar, Cadbury countryside, megaliths were added several flavors to the line including Fruit and formed into a circle that Nut (featuring almonds and raisins) and Whole Nut aligns with the sunset on (with hazelnuts). In more recent years, Cadbury has the winter solstice. Prehistoric huts nearby, Bronze released more interesting flavors like Dairy Milk Ritz, Age pottery and human remains suggest the which is made with Ritz Crackers and a Vegemite monument was used from as early as 1100 BCE. flavored bar in Australia, made with caramel and Vegemite spread. 1837: The Analytical Engine, a https://www.oldest.org/food/candy-bars/ proposed mechanical general-purpose photo source: The Packaging Company computer, designed by Charles Babbage (1791–1871). A ploughman's Woolton pie, at first lunch is an English cold known as Lord Woolton pie, is meal based around bread, a pastry dish of vegetables, cheese, and onions, usually widely served in Britain in the accompanied by butter and Second World War when pickles. rationing and shortages made other dishes hard to prepare. It was created at the Savoy Hotel in London Plowman’s Platter Menu: by its then Maitre Chef de Cuisine, Francis Latry. It (Choose from the following) was one of a number of recipes commended to the Slices of crusty bread or bread rolls British public by the Ministry of Food during the Second World War to enable a nutritious diet to be English or Irish cheeses, Cheddar, Stilton, maintained despite shortages and rationing of many Wensleydale types of food, especially meat. It was named after Pearl onions or sliced onion Frederick Marquis, 1st Lord Woolton (1883–1964), English Beer who popularised the recipe after he became Minister of Food in 1940. The recipe involved dicing Additional items: and cooking potatoes (or parsnips), cauliflower, Slices of ham and assorted sliced meats, or thinly carrots and possibly turnip. Other vegetables were sliced roast beef added where available. Rolled oats and chopped Small green salad or lettuce leaves spring onions were added to the thickened vegetable water which was poured over the Celery sticks and baby carrots vegetables themselves. The dish was topped with Apple slices, asst. fruits potato pastry and grated cheese and served with Hardboiled eggs, cut in half vegetable gravy. The content of the pie filling could easily be altered to include whatever vegetables British sweet or traditional pickle onions or gherkin were in season at the time. Small selection pickles, bread & butter style, sweet 2021-03-19 Condiments: Steve, Branston pickle, Hope you and Lil are healthy and doing alright! Small servings of chutneys or piccalilli Happy St. Patrick’s day! Thank you for your Patty of Butter feedback. What an awesome newsletter Steve! So English mustard much great info. Salt and pepper shaker I’m planning on making Guinness stew for dinner after work today. Pub Additional; Hope you have a great week! Scotch eggs, cut in ¼’s Thank you, Slices of Gabrielle Usually served on a large wooden cheese cutting board. Beef Wellington The Bedfordshire Beef Wellington is an clanger, also called the English dish made of fillet Hertfordshire clanger, Trowley steak coated with pâté Dumpling, or simply the clanger, (often pâté de foie gras) is a dish from Bedfordshire and and duxelles, which is then wrapped in Parma ham adjacent counties in England, such as and , then baked. Some recipes include Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire. It dates back to wrapping the coated meat in a crêpe to retain the at least the 19th century. A is a moisture and prevent it from making the pastry pastry that has a savoury filling at one end and a soggy. A whole tenderloin may be wrapped and sweet filling at the other, which serves as both a baked, and then sliced for serving, or the tenderloin main course and dessert in one bake. It was may be sliced into individual portions prior to originally enjoyed as a tasty lunch snack for farm wrapping and baking. labourers from the English county of Bedfordshire

A national hero for defeating Napoleon at A tart is an Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was made the English confection consisting of a first Duke of Wellington. He loved a dish of beef, shell beneath mushrooms, truffles, Madeira wine, and pâté cooked layers of jam, , and a in pastry, which has been named in his honor. topping of flaked almonds. It is a The Duke of Wellington, who won the Battle of variant of the Bakewell pudding, Waterloo in 1815, was quite indifferent to food, so closely associated with the town of Bakewell in much so that his cooks often gave notice, despairing Derbyshire. of using their culinary talents in his household. In Bakewell pudding is an English dessert spite of this, his name has been given to a fillet of consisting of a base with a layer of beef, wrapped in puff , so called perhaps sieved jam and topped with a filling made of egg and because in its larger version the finished product . The pudding originated in the looks like a highly polished riding or Wellington boot. Derbyshire town of Bakewell. The origins of the The Duke is said to have requested that this pudding are not clear, but a common story is that it beef dish be served at any dinner that he might be was first made by accident in 1820 (other sources hosting. While his proud English chef dubbed the cite 1860) by Mrs. Greaves, who was the landlady of preparation, "Wellington Steak," the White Horse Inn (since demolished). She supposedly left instructions for her cook to make Trivia Question #3 a jam tart. The cook, instead of stirring the eggs and As well as Queen Elizabeth II, there are only almond paste mixture into the pastry, spread it on five other kings and queens in British history who top of the jam. When cooked, the egg and almond have reigned for 50 years or more. Who are they? paste set like an egg custard, and the result was successful enough for it to become a popular dish at 1854: Boolean algebra, the basis for the inn.

digital logic, conceived by George Boole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakewell_pudding (1815–1864) Chehalis Cross Vancouver capitalists purchased all shares. The company acquired the Frank Waterhouse Company The Chehalis Cross, or of Canada in 1939 as a wholly owned subsidiary. The Chehalis Monument, is a Celtic company also owned the Sannie and Howe Sound cross memorial Ferry Company Limited as well as resort property on commemorating the eight Bowen Island, the Sechelt Peninsula and at Whyte people who died when the Cliff. Although all vessels were sold to Northland tugboat Chehalis Navigation in 1959, the company remained in the sank off Stanley Park. land business. The monument is installed west of Suffolk Cheese, Extinct. Brockton Point in The original Suffolk was one of Vancouver, British the most famous cheeses of Columbia. England. It was a very hard cows' Sinking of the Chehalis milk cheese, possibly similar to Parmesan, the unique hardness and durability of The 59.3 ft wooden steam ship Chehalis, which was celebrated, or decried, in poems, songs owned by the Union S.S. Company of Vancouver, and jokes. It was written-about by Pepys and sank at about 2 p.m. July 21, 1906 killing 8 of the 15 Johnson and was the official cheese of the Royal people onboard, following a collision with the navy. It is no longer made, though other, more Canadian Pacific Railway's Princess Victoria, a 300 ft conventional, cheeses of the Edam or Cheddar type steam ship. The seven survivors were rescued by the are currently (2013) produced in Suffolk. Original keeper of the nearby Brockton Point lighthouse. Receipt in 'The Cook and Housekeeper's Dictionary' The Chehalis had been chartered to carry by Mary Eaton (Eaton 1822); passengers to British Columbia's north coast and had SUFFOLK CHEESE. The curd is broken up in the just embarked from North Vancouver in fine whey, which is poured off as soon as the former has weather, passing Brockton Point while heading out subsided. The remainder, with the curd, is put into a of Burrard Inlet. The Princess Victoria embarked coarse strainer, left to cool, and is then pressed as from the Canadian Pacific Railway dock in Vancouver tightly as possible. After this it is put into the vat and carrying 219 passengers. The Princess Victoria set in a press to discharge the remaining whey. The corrected its course for a small launch before run- curd is then taken out, broken again as finely as ning over the Chehalis. The official investigation possible, salted, and returned to the press. blamed the Princess Victoria for the collision. Suffolk was the cheese of Nelson's Royal Navy, The Union Steamship Company of British The cheese ration was 4oz every other day Columbia was organized in Vancouver in 1889 by Captain W. Webster and John Darling, a former Penguin bars – banned in director and General Superintendent of the Union Canada: Chocolate Penguin bars, Steamship Company of New Zealand. In 1911, along with Irn-Bru and Marmite, control of the company passed to J.H. Welsford and were banned by the Canadian Food Inspection Company of Liverpool, England, and control Agency for being unacceptably ‘enriched with remained in English hands until 1937, when vitamins and minerals’. William Tyndale, Northern Ireland: Born: 1494, Melksham Court, Readers will have Stinchcombe, Gloucestershire, noticed that the header England, Died: October 6, 1536, has changed a couple of Duchy of Brabant. was an times since St. Patrick’s English scholar who became a day. We have made these changes as a way of trying leading figure in the Protestant to make the physical land mass that make up “the Reformation in the years British Isles” and the politically distinction of the leading up to his execution. He various countries that makes up the United Kingdom is well known as a translator of (Great Britain & Northern Ireland) and the Republic the Bible into English, of Ireland. We are sorry for any confusion. influenced by the works of Erasmus of Rotterdam and Martin Luther. Northern Ireland is a devolved constituent part of the United Kingdom. Located in the northeast of Tyndale's translation was the first English Bible the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland shares a to draw directly from Hebrew and Greek texts, the border to the south and west with the Republic of first English translation to take advantage of the Ireland. Northern Ireland is literally translated to printing press, the first of the new English Bibles of Tuaisceart Éireann in Irish (though it is sometimes the Reformation, and the first English translation to known as Na Sé Chontae 'The Six Counties' as well as use Jehovah ("Iehouah") as God's name as preferred Tuaisceart na hÉireann '[the] North of Ireland' by by English Protestant Reformers. It was taken to be a republicans) and Norlin Airlann or Northern Ireland direct challenge to the hegemony of both the in Ulster Scots. Catholic Church and the laws of England maintaining the church's position. #3 Trivia Answer Tyndale's translation of the Bible was Victoria (63 years); George III plagiarised for subsequent English translations, (59 years); Henry III (56 years); including the Great Bible and the Bishops' Bible, Edward III (50 years) and James VI and authorised by the Church of England. In 1611, the 47 I (58 years) scholars who produced the King James Bible drew Trivia Question #4 significantly from Tyndale's original work and the other translations that descended from his. One Prince Edward, the Queen’s youngest son, left estimate suggests that the New Testament in the the marines in January 1987 to pursue a career in King James Version is 83% Tyndale's words and the what field? Old Testament 76%. Hence, the work of Tyndale 1530s: Origin of real tennis played continued to play a key role in spreading with rackets, popularised by Henry VIII. Reformation ideas across the English-speaking world Real tennis – one of several games and eventually across the British Empire. sometimes called "the sport of kings" – is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale the original racquet sport from which the 1668: Newtonian telescope modern game of tennis (originally called "lawn ten- invented by Sir Isaac Newton nis") is derived. It is also royal tennis in England and (1642–1727) Australia. British Dates in History Yorkshire pudding is a January 1, 1660 - Samuel common English side dish, a Pepys began his famous diary baked pudding made from a in which he chronicled life in batter of eggs, flour, and milk London including the Great or water. It is a versatile food Plague of 1664-65 and the that can be served in numerous ways depending on Great Fire of 1666. the choice of ingredients, the size of the pudding, and the accompanying components of the dish. As a Samuel Pepys FRS (/piːps/ first course, it can be served with onion gravy. For a PEEPS; 23 Born: February 23, 1633, London, United main course, it may be served with beef and gravy, Kingdom – Died: May 26, 1703, Clapham Town, and is part of the traditional Sunday roast, but can London, United Kingdom) was an administrator of also be filled with foods, such as bangers and mash the navy of England and Member of Parliament who to make a meal. is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man. When wheat flour began to come into https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Pepys common use for making cakes and puddings, cooks in northern England devised a means of making use January 1, 1801 - Ireland was added to Great of the fat that dropped into the dripping pan to cook Britain by an Act of Union thus creating the United a batter pudding while the meat roasted. In 1737, a Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. recipe for "a dripping pudding" was published in the January 1, 1877 - Queen Victoria was book The Whole Duty of a Woman. Originally, the proclaimed Empress of India. Yorkshire pudding was served as a first course with January 1, 1915 - During World War I, the thick gravy to dull the appetite with the low-cost British Battleship Formidable was hit by a torpedo in ingredients so that the diners would not eat so much the English Channel, killing 547 crewmen. of the more expensive meat in the next course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire_pudding #4 Trivia Answer 1813: Ironstone china The entertainment industry. His invented by Charles James first foray was producing the programme It’s a Royal Knockout, Mason (1791–1856). A televised in June 1987 patent was granted to Charles James Mason, Lane Trivia Question #5 Delph, in 1813 for the manufacture of “English Which royal promised to “love, comfort, porcelain, ” a white ware that he marketed as honour and keep” her husband on her wedding day, Mason’s Ironstone China. Job and George Ridgway omitting the traditional words “obey”? made a similar product under the name stone china.

1627: Publication of first 1901: First commercially experiments in Water desalination successful light farm-tractor invented and filtration by Sir Francis Bacon by Dan Albone. (1561–1626). Born: September 12, 1860, Biggleswade, U.K. Stilton Cheesecan only be Bubble and Squeak is a produced in the three counties of British dish made from cooked Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and potatoes and cabbage, mixed Derbyshire, and has been made together and fried. The food writer since the early 18th century. A blue, slightly crumbly, Howard Hillman classes it as one of creamy cheese, it has to be made from pasteurised the "great peasant dishes of the cows' milk – some are creamier than others, too, so world". The dish has been known it's usually worth a trip to a cheese specialist to try since at least the 18th century, and in its early some out. It's great eaten with pears or celery, but versions it contained cooked beef. By the mid-20th it's also a good cooking cheese. century the two vegetables had become the principal ingredients. Stilton Tartlets Ingredients: Liver and Onions is a dish consisting of 3 tbsp plain flour, for rolling slices of liver (usually 250 g shortcrust pastry pork, beef or, in the 250 g mascarpone United Kingdom, lamb) and bulb onions; onion is favoured as an 2 medium eggs accompaniment to liver as the sharp flavour of onion 2 tbsp snipped fresh chives "cuts" the somewhat metallic flavour of liver, which 100 g wafer thin British ham, shredded can be off-putting to some eaters. The liver and the onions are usually fried or otherwise cooked 100 g Cropwell Bishop blue stilton, crumbled together, but sometimes they may be fried separate- Step-by-step: ly and mixed together afterwards. The liver is often Preheat the oven to 190°C/375°F/gas mark 5. cut in fine slices, but it also may be diced. Liver and onions is widely eaten in the United Kingdom where On a lightly floured surface, roll out the pastry it is usually eaten along with boiled or mashed thinly then, using an 8cm (3 inch) cutter, stamp out potatoes. Calf's or lamb's liver are the usual choices rounds and use to line a 12-hole fairy cake or bun in the UK and is often accompanied by fried bacon. tin. In a bowl, beat together the mascarpone, eggs and Being British chives, then stir in the ham and stilton. means loving a Divide among the pastry cases and bake for 20-25 good savory pub minutes until set and golden brown. meat pie, and Recipe and image courtesy of Waitrose & Partners. nothing is better #5 Trivia Answer than a Steak and Catherine ‘Kate’ Middleton Guinness or Ale Pie. Have you had yours today? Lardy cake, also Buckingham Palace. However, lard has a significantly known as lardy bread, lardy lower proportion of saturated fats than butter, a Johns, dough cake and fourses common cake ingredient. cake is a traditional rich spiced George Bassett & Co., form of bread found in several known simply as Bassett's, was a southern counties of England, each claiming to British company provide the original recipe. It remains a popular and is now used as a brand of weekend tea cake in the southern counties of Cadbury, owned by Mondelēz England, including Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire, International. The company was founded in Sheffield Wiltshire, Dorset and Gloucestershire. by George Bassett in 1842. Perhaps the company's Description: best-known sweets, the Liquorice Allsorts, were The main ingredients are freshly rendered lard, created by accident in 1899 and in 1926 the mascot flour, sugar, spices, currants and raisins. Lardy cake of Bassett's, Bertie Bassett, was created; Bertie can be eaten at any time of day as a snack but is continues to represent the brand today. In 2016, the most commonly consumed in the afternoon with tea brand was joined with Maynards to create Maynards or coffee. Lardy cakes are very rich and sweet and Bassetts. eaten traditionally for special occasions, high days Liquorice allsorts were and holidays and harvest festivals. The cake is made created in 1899 as the result of an by layering thinly rolled dough with the other accident (or so the story says). ingredients. As reported by the author Elizabeth Charlie Thompson was a David, a Hampshire cookbook advises that the cake salesman at the Bassett's be turned upside down after baking "so the lard can company. He tripped while he was carrying a tray of soak through." It is theoretically possible to separate liquorice and paste candies to show a substitute butter for lard, but as Elizabeth David puts potential customer. The candies became jumbled up, it: "How could they be Lardy cakes without lard?" A creating odd combinations. The customer was variation of the lardy cake is the dripping cake. impressed and placed an order for the mixed-up There is some dispute as to which area of candies—the first liquorice allsorts. England recorded the original recipe. In Hampshire a form of the cake was made without currants and it WHAT DID YOU MISS? can still be bought in the county and neighbouring The Heritage, History, Sussex. Versions of the cake are also baked in the Traditions & Customs of England, West Country particularly in Gloucestershire and North Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Wiltshire. These are areas of England where pig Cornwall, Isle of Man and the farming (of which lard is a product) has traditionally Republic of Ireland newsletters been a mainstay of the agricultural economy. by the British Isles Historic Society are available at: Despite contemporary concerns about high-calorie, https://rssg.org.uk/branches/overseas/americas/ high-fat foods, it is still widely eaten, appearing on canada/ the menu at the Royal United Hospital, Bath and as an adornment to the summer garden parties at