American School of Classical Newsle ter Studies

at Athens Winter 1999 Νο.42

Reports Highlight Third-Century Corinthia and Classical Crete

For αlmost 120 yeαrs, the School hαs g ί ven Amerίcαn grαdιιαte students αfirsthαnd and it should be identified with the Spiraion introduction to the sites ancl monuments of Greece. Eac/1 student co ιn es ~vίt/1 α specίal ofThucydides and the inscription. The ma­ reseαrch ίnterest αnd many stαy on for α seconcl yeαr, or more, to jίιrther theίr work. sonry of the fort as well as the roof tiles and Two ofthe School's Advanced Fellows des(:ribe their ρrogress. sherds ο η the site all s uppo ι 1: a date between the \ate fifth century and the Helleni stic Ancient Border Dispute peΓiod , adding weight to the conclusion that it played a role in both the encounter Inνestigated described by Thιιcydides and the Corin­ In 243 B.C. the Achaian thian defense network along the Epidaurian st rαtegos Aratos of Sikyon cap­ border. tured Acrocorinth from its Other inscriptions Ι have been studying Macedonian gaπiso n andjoined thi s past year record contemporary arbitra­ the city of Corinth to the ti on disputes between membeΓ s of the Achaian League. Not long after Achaian Leagυe from the southern Argolid this event, Epidauros and the and the Ptolemaic colony of Arsinoe on the other cities of the southern Argolid Methana peninsula. During this aca­ also became League members. At demic year Ι am co ntinιιin g my some point between 242 and 237 B.C., fi eldwork on the Corinthian­ Corinth and Epidauros submitted a dispute EpidauΓian boιιnd ary and over their boundary to the Achaian League The co ndιι c tin g additional topo­ court for arbitration. Το settle the dispute, Class of graphical research on the the court appointed 151 judges from 7899 other border di sputes in the Megara, who decided in favor of the and afew southern Argolid. Epidauή a n s. The Corinthians appealed this oftoc/ay's decision, and 31 judges were sent back to students. Mίchael D. Dίxon the region to carry out a new investigation. Edward Cαpρs Fellow These judges decided upon a boundary that so ιιth eastern Cori nthi a. This area was not 1997-98 was demarcated by nineteen place- names, only more popul ated than has been thought mostly peaks and ridges, all of which aie previously but also: much wealthier in Classical Crete Reνisited: preserved on a stele (!C IVZ. \ .71) that was its n a tuΓ a l resources. Thus, it is not s uφri s­ Α set up in the Epidaurian Asklepieion. The ing that the two states contested thi s New View line of this boundary has never been located countryside. The sixth and fifth centυries on Crete are precisely, although its appωximate location This s tιιd y has implications beyond the a poorly understood peri od in the island's has \ong been known. topogΓaphy of the bounda1γ One of the history. They receive onl y passing notice in My research over the past year has fo­ toponyms on the in scription is also men­ ancient literary sources, and the few s ιιrv i v ­ cused on the Corinthian-Epidaurian bound­ ti oned in the text of Thιι cyd id es ( Hίstory ing testimonia are generally anecdotal and ary delineated by the Megarian arbitrators. VIII.10-J I ). Dιιιin g his account of a nava \ later in date than the events they describe. Ι have walked extensively over the disputed battle between the Peloponnesian and Athe­ Con seqιιently , aπ hi storical framework for territory, primarily in the region between ni an fleets, Thιι cydides repoΓ t s that the understanding classical Cι·ete must depend the modern villages of Sophiko and Peloponnesians weΓe fo rced ashore at almost e ntίΓely upon the archaeological evi­ Korphos, with the hope of gaining a better Spiraion, the last harbor of the Corinthi a dence. Archaeologists face difficιιltie s of understanding of why this land was di s­ b efoΓe the Ep id a uΓi a. There, the Pelo­ their own, including the p aιιc ity of evidence puted and what the line of the boundary ponnesians were joined by a nuιηber of and the mysterioιιs absence of virtuall y any was. Ι have located a number of unrecorded Corinthian reinforcements. One ofthe forts sec ιιΓe l y dated finds, whether tombs, sanc­ sites that shed valuable li ght on the topog­ Ι di scoνe Γed this past year is located hi gh tuaries, or settl ements. This gap in the raphy both of the boundary and of the above a ravine oveΓ l ooki n g Korphos IΊ ru· bo Γ , coιz tinued on page 18

Published by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 111 Al

WhenAlan L. Boegehold retired in May was marked by a symposium bringing to­ as Chairman of the Managing Committee, gether international scholars. James R. McCredie, former Director of the Working hand in hand with the Trustees, School and former Chairman of the Man­ Managing Committee, and members of the aging Commjttee, gave voice to the feelings School in Athens and the U.S., Mr. ofthe entire School farillly when he moved Boegehold served the School during a pe­ that "the Managing Committee express to riod of tremendous activity. During hi s Alan Lindley Boegehold its adrillration and Chairmanship, the School hosted interna­ thanks for his leadership, wise guidance, tional conferences on topics ranging from and tireless administration-and for all that sculpture to aι- c hitectural terracottas to the he has helped and done, and especiaJly for hi ghly successful "Democracy 2500" in the easy grace, even humor, and good sense Washington, D.C. Excavations, surveys, which he exercised for the benefit of the and synergas ίa continued unabated, with American School of Classical Studies at changes that included the election by the Athens over the past eight years." ln re­ Managing Coιηmittee of new excavation sponse to Mr. McCredie and to the stand­ directors and the Corinth Excavations' cele­ ing ovation that foJlowed, Mr. Boegehold bration of its lOOth anniversary in June Alan Boegehold at School party ίn June 1998. replied "that my chairsrup has been inter­ 1996. The Blegen Library undertook esting and Ι trunk Ι have made more friends renovations, proceeded with an aιηbitious than Ι have lost." program of computerization, and added preservation initiatives. The role of Chairman requires a good thousands of volumes to its holdings. The Mr. Boegehold would be the first to pro­ sense of balance, not to mention humor. At Malcolm Η. Wiener Laboratory, dedicated test that he was not responsible for these times Mr. Boegehold was a leader and an on June 2, 1992, provided the School with changes and to give the lion 's share of credit advisor, at other times a facilitator, and he an important avenue for studying phys­ to his colleagues, yet he managed to be an also found time to continue his own work. ical anthropology, faunal analysis, and effective participant in all these activities. Among his accomplishments during office archaeological geology. The Gennadius He was tireless in fulfilling hi s duties, tak­ was the publication of his Agora volume Library, too, saw the pace of change accel­ ing part in ιηeeting s as an advisor or chair, (Agora XXVIII, The Lawcourts ofAthens : erate in these years, appointing a new and perhaps most importantly, lending a Sίtes, Buίldίngs, Equίpment, Procedures, Director in 1995, beginning renovations, wise and sympathetic ear to the dozens of and Testίmonίa [Princeton 1996]), which and embarking on fund-raising and voices that make up the SchooJ.

New Greek Ambassador to D.C. AMERICAN SCHOOL OF Greece's new Ambassador to the United CLASSICAL STUDIES ΑΤ ATHENS States, Alexander Philon, arrived in July to 54 Souidias St., GR- 106 76 Athens, Greece take up his post in Washington, D.C. Am­ 6-8 Charlton Street, Princeton,*** NJ 08540-5232 bassador Philon, one of Greece's highest­ NEWSLEΠER ranking foreign service officers, was Am­ Winter 1999 Νο. 42 bassador to Turkey and India before retuming to the Foreign Ministry in Athens, Executive Editor where he served as Secretary General of the Catherine deG. Vanderpool Ministry ofForeign Affairs until hi s current Editor posting. His wife, Helen Philon, a scholar Nancy Moore of Islamic art, has published and lectured Editorίal Assίstant widely in her areas of expertise. Mary Ε. Darlington Because of their long-standing interest Productίon in the School and the Gennadius Library, Mary Jane Gavenda Ambassador and Mrs. Philon have initiated a seήes of events honoring both institutions. The Newsletter is published semiannually Η. Ε. The Ambassador ofGreece Alexander by the ASCSA under the inspiration of In November, they sponsored a lecture at Phίl on wίth /ιίs wife, Helen Philon. the Smithsonian presented by Agora Direc­ Doreen C. Spitzer, Trustee Emerita. Please address all correspondence and inquiήes to tor John McK. Camp 11, followed by a din­ a lecture and dinner in honor of Charles Κ. the Newsletter Editor, ASCSA U.S. Office, ner in his and the School 's honor at the Williams, Π , Director Enι e rίtus of the 6-8 Charlton Steet, Pήnceton, NJ 08540- Greek Embassy. On February 8, they hosted Corinth Excavations and School Trustee. 5232.Phone(609)683-0800;Fax(609)924- a dinner and concert to benefit the They are also hosting a dinner for the Trust­ 0578; Website: www.ascsa.org; E-mail: Gennadius Library. Later in the spring, ees of the School and the Gennadeion in ascsa@ ascsa.org. Ambassador and Mrs. Philon will sponsor Washington, D.C., in May.

2 Roman Baths and English Buttons ίη Corinth

Guy D. R. Sanders, appoίnted DiΓector of t/7e CoΓίnth. Excavatίons ίη July 1997, repoΓts on recent work at the Sclwol 's oldest excavation.

Excavation by Robert Sαanton around the old Panayia church fifty yea1·s ago re­ vealed rich Classical and Roman pl1ases. FurtheΓ work by the Greek Archaeological Service to the south bωught to light the re­ mains of a large Roman house and, nearby, part of a sma\1 Late Roman bath. Afteι· ac­ quiring the property south of the Panayia church, incorporating both Roman st.ωc­ tures, the American School resumed exca­ vation ίη 1995, continuing it in 1998. There aΓe iπdications that the Roman house spread acΓoss the breadth of two city blocks. Although its walls were alιηost en­ tirely robbed out, its floors are spectaculaJΌ Α centΓal polychrome marble pool is set within a mosaic floor that has eight panels of geometric designs. Το the north is a room with aπ int.ricate mosaic floor iπ seveπ col­ ors aπd with paπels of Solomoπ's kπots, Roman ιnω· αίc coart ~vίt/1 ce ntωl pool. swastikas, aπd peltae. Northeast of the mosaic court is a large room, at least six by rate bead-and-reel decoration definiπg the The Late Roman batl1 coιηplex consists πiπe meters, with a fiπe marble floor aπd scωll of their volutes give some idea of the of fouΓ s ιηall roon1 s. The fιigidarium coπ­ aπ octagoπal fouπtaiπ, which appears to quality ofthe buildiπg. The capitals date to tained two apsidal bapti s teΓia , while th e fι ι ·st centuιΎ crucifoΓm caldarium had two wanη have beeπ ceπtrally placed. The floor is the second half of the A.D. and made of large plaques of red-veiπed maΓble weΓe presumably reused ίπ the house. Α fire b a pti s t e Γia. The bath was furnished in side sepaΓated by st.rips of blue-veiπed maΓble that brought the tiled roof cras hiπg to t.he with colored marble flooΓ s and wall Γeνet ­ aπd with squares of rosso aπtico at the iπter­ floors destroyed the buildiπ g . Exposed to ment, and its exterior was stuccoed stices. Although the plumbing of the fouπ­ t.he elements, the pla ste Γed pise walls painted Γed . PotteΓy a πd coins date the taiπ was later ΓObbed out, suΓviving traces eΓOded. Stella Bouzaki, Kateriπa Atheπ­ bath's co n st ιυ ct ion to the mid-sixth century. make clear that a fouπtaiπhead, perhaps a aitou, and Takis Notis p a in s takiπgly exca­ The bath ceased operating towards the end conveΓted sculptured figure designed to be see π ίπ vated aπd coπserved the fragmeπts of paπ­ of the sixth century, when it was three-quaΓter view, directed water iπto the eled fΓescoe s ίπ the debris. Lively half for habitation. ceπter of the pool. life-sized wiπged VictoΓies decorate two Το the south, coπtempoΓaιΎ with the bath Substaπtial fragmeπts of three highly large fragmeπts, aπd another depicts a but not Γelated to it, is a long ceιηent and decorated marble Ionic capitals with elabo- smaller figure of a ιηaeπad tappiπg a tam­ rubble building oriented east-west.lt has at bouriπe with a long wand. least five ιΌοms, inclιιding thΓ ee semi­ The building aπd its d ecorat ioπ are ten­ basement rooms. The walls are π ea tly tatively dated to the seco πd century, while pointed with cemeπt decoΓated with lines ΑΝ OMISSION ... cookiπg pots and aiηphoras date its dest.ruc­ aπd dots; in οπe corπeΓ , the pl as t eΓe r has The Summer 1998 Newsletter πoted οπ tion to the third. The excavated robbing troweled three large fι s h. These have sev­ page 2 several School colleagues who trenches ofthe house walls show that it was eral close parallels at Corinth, most nota­ received awaΓds from the Archaeologi­ built over a meter-deep stratum of sterile red bly on the walls of the Lechaeum Basilica. cal Institute of America at the 1997 aπ­ soi I. Wheπ fιrst eπcountered, this layer was The area between long building and the πual meetiπg (Carol C. Mattusch, Jef­ viewed with coπsideΓab l e di smay. Merci­ bath was laΓgely unused after the thiΓd cen­ frey S. Soles, and Scott Pike). But ful ly, οπe of the deeper ro bbiπg treπche s tuιγ ΑΓt Rohn aπd Takis Notis caΓefully iπadverteπtly overlooked was Curtis Ν. revealed a white marl floor beneath the fill. excavated the tllΓee gΓaves heΓe . Theiι· east­ Runπels (ASCSA 1977-78, Excavatioπ In this floor was a black-glazed sheΓd dat­ west alignment and the aπangement ofthe aπd Survey Committee 1998-2002), iπg to the Hellenistic period, coπfirmiπg bodies suggest ChΓistian burial pΓactice s . recipieπt of the AIA's secoπd aππua l that there are pre-Roman st.rata ίπ the a.Γea , Ethπe Barnes's foΓthcoming report οπ the Excelleπce ίπ Uπdergraduate Teachiπ g which may acco uπt for ιηuch of the early bones graphically desαibes the quality of Award. Calliπg him "that story-teller ίπ material found in later levels. These pieces life at the tίιη e. One occupant was a two­ the classroom," the AIA cited "hi s iπ­ iπclude a marble hoΓse pωtome plausibly year-old infant who probab1y died of ιη e n­ πovative ' hands-oπ ' style of teachiπg , froπ1 a Dio s kouωi relief, thΓee marble frag­ ingiti s; another was a ten-year-old aneιηic aπd hi s uπforgettable fliπt-kπappiπg meπts of diffe Γeπt hero reli efs, black-glazed boy who fωιη an eaJ·ly age had performed deιηoπ s trations ," as well as "his iπfec ­ potteΓy, an LH ΠΙ skyphos stem, and an tasks that req ιιired the forcefιιl , repetitive tious, eπgagiπg preseπtatioπs that im­ Attic Ea.Γly Protogeometric higlΊ-footed lifting of heavy objects. Both of these mediately iπvolve the audience." skyphos rίιη . continιι.e d on ρa ge 9

3 Report from the Solow Summer Fellows

The Solow Art and Archίtecture Foundatίon recently ίnίtίated α new summer fellowshίp for postdoctoral scholars workίng towards publίca tίon of nιataia lfronι th.e Athenian Αgοι'α or Ancίent Cor ίntlι . Tlιe first rec ίpί ents of tlιe Solow Summer Sen ίor Research Fe llowsh. ίρ s-Susan /. Rotroff ( Was h ίngton Unίvasίty ), Carol L. Lawton ( Lawrence Unίversίty), and John D. Mac 1saac (Mary Wash.ington College)-descrίbe the μogress they made on theίr ρrojects. ·

Agora: Hellenistic works, one has to search thωugh the peri­ had studied last year, Ι paid particular at­ Coarse Wares odical literature, tτa cki n g down references tention to the ones dedicated to the healing to excavati ons ι-eports all ονe ι- the Mediter­ deities Asklepios and Hygieia. Ι have dis­ Fωm June 7 until August 9, Ι woι-ked on ranean. The Blegen Libι-aι-y , with its rich covered a large cluster of reliefs dedicated the Hellenistic coarse waι-es fωm the Agoι-a coll ection of site reports and periodicals, is to the111 in the area of the Eleusinion, just excavations, ι-eseaΓching at the Athenian perfect for this activi ty. Although Ι must do south of the Agora square proper, which Agora ΟΓ in the Blegen Library. This is paΓt ιηοre work before writing the final text, the convinces me that they were worshiped in of a very l aΓge ptΌject, which will eventu­ character of the Agoι-a materi al , in contrast the Eleusinion, in addition to their main cult ally lead to the third book in a series of vol­ to that pωdu ced elsewheΓe, is beginning to place on the other side of the Acropolis. Ι umes Ι am publishing on the Hellenistic e111erge 111ore cleaτly . Ι have also been able spent some time in late June asse111b ling pottery of the excavation. to trace the ωots of so111e shapes in corroborating literary evidence for this Ι had already written cataJogue desCΓip­ metalware and to identify more of the ill1- heretofore unknown shrine, and Ι presented tions ofthe 834 objects that wi11 be included poι-ιed ιηaterial. 111y findings in a paper entitled "Votive in the publication, and this s urrun eΓ Ι reex­ My first two volumes on Hellenistic Reliefs and Popular Religion in the Athe­ amined each object, checking for accuι-acy pottery contain chapters briefly de sCΓibing nian Agora: The Case of Asklepios and in the description, noting corrections that the closed deposits in which the pottery was Hygieia," delivered at the fifteenth Interna­ needed to be made to illustrations, and found and outlining the evidence for their tional Congress of Classical Archaeology bringing unifornιity to the fabric descrip­ date. Much ofthe material in the new book in Amsterda111 in July. The paper will be tions, which have been written over a num­ was found in those same deposits, but some published in the proceedings of the Con­ ber of years. The catalogue is now in pub­ co111es fιΌΙ11 deposits that Ι have not worked gress early next year, and Ι a111 currently lishable fοπη. with before. Το establi sh the chronology of writing a more extensive article exploring This review resulted ίή some additions a deposit, one must research the deposit in other aspects, particularly the political ill1- to the cataJogue in categoΓies that Ι felt to the Agora archives, reading the excavator's plications, of this discovery. be underrepresented, as we11 as some reor­ account of the deposit as it was unearthed The trip to Amsterda111 presented 111e ganization of the typology. Ι was also able and reviewing the li sts of material found in with an opportunity to confer with several to identify more fabrics and establish links the deposit. Especially i111portant is the dat­ German scholars who are beginning a da­ between a number of fabric groups. able material, such as coins and sta111ped tabase at the University of Saarlandes in It was fortunate that Dr. John Hayes, an1phora handles. Ι was able to do a good Saarbrucken that will focus on Attic votive who is preparing the Roman coarse waτe for deal of this archival work on the new de­ reliefs. The database will eventually be publication, was also in Athens, and we posits thi s su111111er. available on a CD or on the Intemet. were able to di scuss the probleιη of just The sumιηer was a productive one and While working on the anatonιical votive where to draw the line between 'Ήe ll enis­ has brought 111e very perceptibly nearer to reliefs, Ι reviewed a book on the sa111e sub­ tic" and "Ro ιη an." Several objects formeΓ i y publication. It is my hope that Ι wi ll have a ject by a member of the Finnish Archaeo­ in his care moved to nιine , and some ob­ finished 111anusCΓipt two years fro111 now. logical Institute. The review will be pub­ jects from ιηy catalogue moved to his, re­ lished in theAmerίcanlournal ofArchaeology. sulting, we hope, in a more logical presen­ Susan !. Rotroff Ι was able to see so111e concrete results tation of the material. 1998 Solow Fellow in the broader goal of 111y research on this Ann Hooton, a professionaJ drafts­ project, which is to see what the contexts ~ person, drew approximately 60 pieces of of the reliefs can tell us about worship in pottery. These were objects (sοιηe of them theAgora. Agora: Votiνe Relίefs newly inventoried in 1997) that had never Carol L. Lawton been drawn or whose existing drawings Last sum111eΓ Ι continued cataloguing 1998 Solow Fellow were very inaccurate. Ι also did a numbeι· votive reliefs fro111 the Agora, focusing on ~ of new drawings ιηyself . several dίsCΓete groups that Ι identified in As Ι ι-eviewed all existing drawings, Ι the inventory last su1111ηer: reliefs dedicated Corinth: Coins from Early checked them against the objects and made to Pan and the Nyιnphs , anatomical reliefs Theater Excaνations some coιτections and additions. Ι was able dedicated to various IΊ ea lin g deities, and to coιηplete th is checking process and make fragments of reliefs that depicted only the My initial task was the full reading and pencil notes on the drawings and on xeroxes worshipers, the deities almost certainly attribution of the Ottoman Turkish coins of the drawings, which Ι am adding in ink having been hacked away by Cmistians in fro111 the 1925/26, 1928, and 1929 excava­ to the drawings themselves. late antiquity. In all, Ι catalogued 65 reliefs tion seasons of the Theater. In 111y first ar­ In the Blegen Library Ι continued to and reexamined nu111erous reliefs Ι had pre­ ticle publishing the results of the 1925/26 search for published parallels for material viously studied to see whether more could season, these coins were listed simply un­ at theAgora. Comparatively little Helleni s­ be leamed from the111 after they had been der the rubric ' Όttoman." The standards for tic coarse ware has been published. Once cleaned by the conservation staff. completeness for publication now require one has checked the dozen or so standard As Ι resumed research on the reliefs Ι cont ί nιιed on page 13

4 Nicholas Mavris, the Dodecanese, From the Archives and Tarpon Springs In the Gennadeion, Archivist Natalia The papers of Nίc /1o la s G. Mavris (1 899-1978) were donated to the Gennadius Vogeikoff-Brogan reports that the process­ Lίbra ry by his son ίn 1987. Μαrία Voltera, Assistant Archί v ίst of tl1e Gennadius Lίbrary, ing of the newly acquired papers of poet who reports on one aspect of the papers, began the process ίng of tl1is large co llectίon George S efeή s has been co ιηpl eted (see ίn 1996. Newsletter, Spring 1997). Supported by a grant from the A.G. Leventi s Foundation, Seferis scholars Katerina Kostiou and Although Nicholas G. Mav ri s was born Greek comrnunities in the U.S., which form Theano Michaelidou, under the supervision in Egypt, hi s descendants were from the is­ an important source of information on of Katerina Κrikou-Davi s, integrated the land of Kasos in the Dodecanese. After GΓeek immigrati on to the U.S . in the twen­ new papers into the existing collection and studying ιηedicine in Athens and Paris, he ti eth century. Among the most iιηportant are nearing completion of a revi sed pursued hi s interests in law and literature. comrnunities of Dodecanesian immigrants catalogue. His Dodecanesian origin, as well as his af­ was Taι-pon SpΓin gs, Floήd a, a coastal town fection for these islands, caused Mavris to on the Gulf of Mexico, whi ch attracted devote hiιηself wholeheartedly to the solu­ Greek immigrants beginning in 1896. The tion of the Dodecanesian issue, and he was first of these iιηrnin grant s , John Kokoris, honored twice by the Greek Academy fοΓ soon Γealized that the sea offTarpon Spήngs his literary work on the hi s toι-y of the was fu ll of sponges, which, until that point, Dodecanese. had been haιΎested usi ng fi shhooks. The Dodecanese were under Italian oc­ Kokoris changed that method to diving, and cupation from 1912, and despite the vaΓi­ by 1907, the Dodecanesians of Tarpon ous treaties (s igned in SevΓes and in Springs had developed into a prospe ιΌu s Lausanne) mandati ng theiΓ liberation, their community, taking the lead in the interna­ political status remained un c l eaΓ until tional sponge trade. World WaΓ ΙΙ. It was just before World WaΓ Although many ofthe Dodecanesians in Π that MaνΓis moved to the U.S., where he Tarpon Spήng s became U.S. citizens, they founded the National Dodecanesian Coun­ made a concerted effort to remember the cil (NDC) while teaching modern Greek lit­ customs of their homeland and to support erature in U.S. universiti es. Through the it in difficult times, such as the yeaι-s dur­ NDC, Mavris pushed the Dodecanese issue ing and just after World War Π . Among with the Allies to the Gennadeion /ση Dragoumis documents is a let­ protectGreece's in­ (1878- 1920) terests. Such emi­ ter, dated March 1944, frωη U.S. nent Americans as As paΓt of the Archives and with a grant George Chase, Senator Charles from the U.S . Department ofEducation, the President of Har­ Ο. Andrews, who papers of Ion Dragoumis will be processed wrote: " Ι will al­ vard University, by historian and aι-chivist Alexis Malliaήs . Sarah Wambaugh, ways be glad to be Member of a well-known family, Ion a specialist on ref­ of service in all ef­ Dragoumis served as a diplomat and mem­ forts to free the erenda and a pro­ ber of the Greek Paι-liam e nt before he was fessor at the Acad­ people of the Dode­ assassinated in 1920. His papers, together emy of Inter­ canese Islands so with the rest of the Dragoumis Family Pa­ national Law in the they can join their pers, were donated to the Gennadius Li­ Hague, and the ar­ mother country. Ι brary by hi s brother Philippos in 1960, with chaeologist Theo­ will do this on be­ the stipulation that Ion 's archive remain dore Leslie Shear, half of the fine closed until 1999. Ms. Mal\iaris intends to Sr., of Princeton Greek people of have the papers organized and a finding aid University sup­ Tarpon Springs and in place by 2000, when the archive will ported Mavris in his other cities in open to the public. work. When the is­ Florida who have sue was settled in always been loyal 1948, he was American citizens elected the first and have sent their Some seventy bluepήnt s dati ng back to Governor of the lib­ sons into this world the construction of the Gennadius Libraι-y erated Dodecanese waι- to fight for de­ in 1923-25 have been collected in a data­ and was reelected in mocracy and the base documenting the building's hi story. 1952. freedom of man, Building plans for the Blegen Libraι-y are As President of with the same en­ c uπentl y under study by James Α . Herbst, the NDC, Mavris thusiasm and devo­ a graduate student of architecture at the collected a variety Sponge Divers αι Tarpon Springs, from the tion as other devout University ofCincinnati, whose database is of documents on Nicholas G. Mavris Papers. Arnerican citizens." n eaή n g completion.

5 Gennadeion News Blegen Steps Up

Because of the renovations to the Conservation Efforts Gennadius Library, the usual full schedule Recently hit·ed as Assίstant Lίbraι · ίan for of events has been curtailed. There are, co nsavatίon and e l ec tronίc reso ιιι-ce s ί η however, four events planned outside the tl1e Blegen Lίbωη ι, Pl1) ' llίs Gω/1an1 sιιιn­ Library. The long-awaited conference, "The mω · i zes hae l1er goals. Pωtection of the Past," o Γga ni zed with the School of Philosophy of the U ni veΓs it y of The "fan" in the ph otog Γ ap h Γe pΓesent s Athens, was held at the Uni versity on Feb­ ο11 Ι y a few ofthe detached spines (cloth and ruaι·y 12 and 13. The "Clean Monday" cel­ leather, old and not so old) coll ected dιιΓ­ ebrati on on February 22 took pl ace in the ίη g an initial assessment ofthe Blege11 hold­ Library garden. ings-victims of age, eve Γy d ay use, caΓe­ less handling, or air pollutio11. At this point Angeliki Laiou, PωfessoΓ"""""" of Β yzantine in its illu stτi o u s li fe, the LibΓaΓy has ac­ History at H arvaΓd U11iversity and Member quiΓed not o 11l y a wa Γm patina but also of the Academy of Athens of the Uni ver­ books in vaΓi o u s stages of external and in­ sity of Athens, will deliver the Seve11teenth ternal di s re p ai Γ . The cha11 enge is to pΓeseι-ve Annual Walton Lecture i11 tl1e University's Pl1y llίs Gπι/ωηι/ι. ο lds ιψ α "fan " of detacl1ed the patina wl1ile aσesting pΓeventable de­ sp ίn es jound anιong t lι e stacks of th e Blegen ιηain building 0 11 March 16. The topic will teΓioration and giving the best tΓeat m e nt to Lίlπary. be "Byzantium and the Crusades." The Μ. daιηaged items. Alison Franz Fellow for 1998-99, Ko11- There is iιηιη ed i a te be11efit i11 issuing sta 11tί11e Koureli s, will give a lecture entitled ge11 eral notices about preservatio11 initia­ c ιυnψl ed by i11 advertent e 11 co unte Γ S (leav­ "Medieval Settlements in the Northwestem tives, Γeminding Γead ers how to treat books, ing aside h e Γe the question of human e πor). Peloponnese" in Loring Hall 011 May 25. calling attentio11 to some esse11ti al o ιιt-o f­ We have a suffi cient quantity of marble to """""" pΓint titles that may 110t be aω ιιηd fο Γ eνe Γ , sta Γt in the Davis Wing and evalu ate the Απ international confere11ce entitled a11d e11Ji sting cooperation in what is a bread­ benefits before conti11ui11g thωιι g hout the "From the E11lightenment to the Revolu­ al1d-butter issue fοΓ the wide community of Libraιγ tions: Rigas and Hi s World" was organized scholars who rely on the Libraι·y thωu g h­ ApaΓt fωm pωmoting ιη οre careful use i11 Delphi at the European Cultuial Foun­ out their careers. of the Libra Γy a11d seei11 g to be tte Γ physical dation, June 25-28, 1998, as part of the One step we a Γ e taking i11 ιhe fιrst phase co11dit.ions i11 the stacks, we have acquired celebrations dedicated to Rigas Yelestinlis­ ofthi s project is the removal ofblu11t-edged ιhe n ecessaΓy m a t e Γi a l s from a Γ c hi val sup­ Feraios, a major figure in the years leading metal bookends from the stacks, which we pliers in GΓeece and abroad to beg i11 regu­ up to the Greek Revolutio 11 of 1821. Among are Γep l ac in g with the handsome polished lar in-house ι·eρaίΓ ofthe d aιηaged items not the members of the organizing committee m a ι · bl e bl ocks that were foπηeΓiy used­ Γeq ui1· i11 g t.he attention of th e bookbinder or was Haris Kalligas, the Director of th e and , happily, retained in mot.l1ball s. Daιη­ co11servator. This saves us ιhe expense­ Gennadius Library. The thirty-seven par­ age from the ιη eta l variety is apparent in al1d saves the books the avoidable trauma­ ti cipants came from Greece, France, Aus­ nicked, abΓaded covers and pages torn or offull rebinding in evetΎ case. Basic repairs tria, Italy, and Eastern Europe. Yaiious re­ lated events were organized during the conference, such as exhibitions, co11certs, and the revival ofMetastasio's play 'Ό iym­ pia" in the Greek translation by Ri gas.

On September 29,"""""" Ms. K alligas spoke on "The Hi story and the Activities of the Gennadius Library" to inaugurate a new series of lectures organi zed by the Cultural Foundation of the Bank of Cyprus in Nicosia. The se Γi es will make GΓeek librai­ ies, museums, and other cultural institutions better known to the public.

Anna Nadali, a g""""""Γaduat e of the School of English Literature i11 the U ni versity of Athe11s and secretaΓ y at the Gennadius Li­ braΓy, has taken a year's leave of absence to woΓk on an M.S. in Lίbπιι ~ y Science fιΌ ΙΏ University College London. She is being replaced t e mpoΓa rily by Elina Tsalicoglou, a graduate in Classics from the Uni versity of Cambridge and in Modern Greek Stud­ ies frοιη Κing 's College, Londo11. lntaίor of tl1e Gennadίus Lίb ωry just before s taΓΙ of re novatίons.

6 Full Schedule for the Philoi f oanna Phoca, Pr·e sίcle nt oj" the Phi loi ( Fr-ί ends) oj"tl1e Gennadίιιs Lίbωr-y, r-epoΓts on Γece nt actί v ίtί es .

In anticipati on σf the renovati on and construction wo Γ k in the Gennadeion, as of April 1 the P /1iloί (Friends) of the Gennadius Library have te ιη porar il y ιη oved their offi ces to that of S eαe t a ry General, Lydi a τr-ih as, in the Athens s ubuΓb of Psyl1i co. Rath er than dampening our enthu­ siasm, our ability to keep the ΡΙ1ίlοί active duΓin g the te mpo Γary closing of our home office has instead n1 otiva ted ιι s to organi ze a variety of acti vities with va ι · i o u s cultuial institutions in Athens.

George Dontas, Pres ί clen t of t/7e Arcl7aeologίcal So c ίety ofAt h. en~·, clίsι-us~·es the prog ιωn ση the Κα /ω-17 ~v i t/7 one of the ρresentas , Laks lωn Βίb ί . ln May, a large group of Ρ Ι1ί l οί visited the Panos Aravantinos Mu se ιιn1 in Pirae ιι s under the guidance ofFofo M av ι·i ki o u , who Ri c h a Γd St r a ιι ss bιιt to see th e sets by had introduced the work of the pa int e Γ and A ι- ava ntin os ." The Ρ/1 ίlο ί were then given The Ρhίlο ί sponsored a prog r a ω on the theater set and costume designer during her an ιιnfo rge tt a bl e tο ιιr of the Pir ae ιι s A Γ­ Kalash tribe of the Ind oca ιι cas u s, where lecture last March at the Gennadeion. chaeological M u se ιι111 by its Director, Peter Alexander the GΓea t once marched and Aravantinos, who was p ro ιηin e nt at the Steinhaner. frο ιη whose armies the Kalash c l a iω de­ beginning of the ce ntuιγ in the tl1eaters and scent. Held on N ove ωb e r 26 at the Athens opera houses of G e rιη a n y and A u s tΓi a, was A ι -c h aeo l og i ca l Society, the p ωg ra 111 began the fiΓ s t to design a three-dimensional set. On October 14, in the GΓeat Hall of the with Ioanna Phoca, President of the Ρhίl οί, Albert Einstein once w ωte, ' Ί often visited Old Pa rli a ω e nt building, which c uιτe ntl y we l co ηlln g the guest of honor, Pakistan 's the Berlin Opera not to hear the music of houses the Nati onal Historical Mu se uω of Ambassador to Greece, Rasheed Ahmed, Athens, the Ρl1ί lοί organi zed an honoraiy who deli vered a few remarks. Lakshan Bibi, l ec tιιr e in m e ω o r y of lon D rago uιηi s, dip­ a ιη e ιηb e Γ of th e Kalash, spoke of h e Γ h o ω e ­ lomat, wiiter, and activist alongside Pavlos Blegen land and its people. The historian and writer Melas, l ead e Γ of the s u ccessfιιl Macedoni an cο ηtίιιιι e clfωιη ιπev ί ο ι ι ~· page Stanti s Apostolidis fo ll owed with a histori­ Liberation in the fi rst two decades of the cal view, and director Nikos Sofianos century. Drago uιηi s ' s assassination in to spines, covers, leaves, and large fo ldouts showed seg ω e nt s fr o ω hi s ω ov i e "Does 1920 p ωvo k ed strong reacti ons fro ω the Alexander Live?" Kalash ιηu s i c was the are now routinely perfo Γm ed as part of regu­ political world then and hi stori ans today. lar surveillance of the stacks. Rebinding is foc us of Markos Diagoumis, Directoi of The speaker was dipl o ω a t Th eo d o ω s done as needed, with selecti ons based on GΓeece's Folk Music Archi ves, and of Sotiropoul os, whose presentation, 'Έva lιι­ short-term demand (especiall y School Yannis Manolidaki s, an e thn o ιηu s i co lo g i s t ati on of Ion Drago ιιιηi s: Co ι ηfo rt a bl e Ste­ trips), p ω b a bl e l o n g -t erω use, and degree and folklore speciali st. Adonis Kyrou, a reotypes and Nagging Qιιes ti o n s," resulted ι η e ιηb e r of the Board of the Ρ/1. ίlο ί , was the of damage to individnal items. Το th e fron1 hi s s tιι dy of th e' Drago uιηi s Papeis in COO Γdinator . extent poss ibl e ίι1 an open-stack r eseaΓc h the Gennadeion Archives. coll ecti on, the pre fe ιτed soluti on is one that preserves old pnblishers' bindings, fl yleaf dedicati ons, bookplates, and anything else The ΡΙ1ίlο ί have just published The contributing to the vo lιιω e ' s arti factual U nd e Γ the summerlike sun shine Ιοηίαη B ίb lίog rap l1y, 1508-1900, iωpo rta nt value. of October 16, the Director of the fo r the study of the civilization of the Ioni an Inevitabl y, the effects of po llιι t i o n and Thebes Archaeological Μη se ιιιη , Yassilis Islands. Th o ω as Papadopoul os, the fo rmer irreversible chen1i stry are in cι-eas in g the Aravantinos, guided the ΡΙ1ίlοί thro ιι g h the Director ofthe Benaki Library ofthe Greek nuωb er ofbrittle books that n1u st be boxed ωu se uιη ' s coll ecti on. Mr. Aravantinos has Parli ament, w Γ o te thi s 640-page work, the and in so ω e cases withdraw n to the con­ ex tensively studied the ωu se uω 's Mycen­ fι r s t ofthree volumes. The Ρh ί l ο ί are grate­ tro ll ed c liω a t e of the Rare Book Room. aean Linear Β tablets, which is the third fιιl to the Ministry of Culture fo r funding Stabilizing t e ωpe Γa tuΓe and relative huωid­ largest extant coll ecti on in Greece. The the pωj ec t and to Linos G. Benakis, a mem­ ity at prescribed levels th ω u g h o nt the Li­ gω up also tonred the Mycenaean gravesite ber of the Board of the Ρh ί l οί, who was brary is an ongoing activity. The addition at Orc h oιη e n os and was advised by aΓc h ae ­ in s truω e nt a l in seeing this project to of an air-filtrati on sys t e ω to the existing ologist Elena Koun touri s of the p ro bl e ω s con1pl eti on. HYAC sys t e ω is essential to ex tend the life s uιτo ιιndin g the public pΓese n ta ti o n of ωa ­ of the coll ecti ons. jor archaeological sites in Boeoti a.

7 Mycenaean Tombs Among New Agora Discoveries

Dίrec to r of the Agora Excava tί on s, John ΜcΚ. Canψ Π, walks us through the '98 exca v atίon season.

Α team of some forty students represent­ ing twenty-five universities and colleges carried out excavations in the Athenian Agora from June 6 to July 31. This prelimi­ nary summary is the result of their hard work and goodwill, along with that of the four supervisors: Kevin Daly, Lee Ann Riccardi, David Scahill, and Geoffrey Schmalz and their assistants, Mark Alonge,

Karen Donohue, Laura Gawlinski, and Fίnd.~fι ·onι tlι e 1998 season ίn c lu.de Anne McCabe. Digging was confined to the ( c lo ckwίs e fronι left): α u.nίqιι e ostrakon area of recent excavation, outside the north­ ofthe Ath e nίan ge neι-al Nίkίa s· ; an west corner of the Agora square, in Sections e ntlιroned goddess fig ιι ι ·e seen fι·ο ηι ΒΕ and ΒΖ. and sίde , and α bronze dagge ι ; botlιfrom Most of this season's efforts went into Mycenaean c/ωm. b e r to nιb s , wlιί ch are the upper levels at the extreme northwest, by far the e arlί est yet known ίη tlι e area where the removal last summer of a mod­ north of the Erίdanos Rί ve ι: ern building opened some 280 square meters for new exploration. Excavation fo­ cused on the upper, late strata, which were ΡΙ10 ι οs: C. Ma ιι zy preserved to a satisfactorily high level un­ der the modem building, whose basement was confined to the northernmost qua.rter the curving walls of a la.rge Late Roman had been s tηashed when the roof collapsed. of the trench. Just south of the basement, bath, all of which will piΌbably appeaΓ in Prominent among the pots weΓe a ewer excavators explored stratified Ottoman, the new area as well . decorated with linked clusters of s piΓals, a Venetian, Frankish, and Byzantine levels. Exploration continued in the area of the jug with cutaway neck decorated with curv­ The principal feature uncovered was the Classical commercial building behind the ing stripes, two squat alabastra, and a cup. north-south road that runs through the area, Painted Stoa. ln the street outside the south­ Also recovered were a bronze spearpoint preserved here to a level almost a meter ernmost shop we cleared the contemporary with a heavy central Γidge and a bronze higher than encountered anywhere else thus road levels of the late fifth century B.C., dagger with gilded rivets. The date of the far. Late walls defined the uppermost sur­ recovering in one layer aπ osttakon of the tomb seems to be LH ΠΙΑ (fourteenth cen­ faces. Made of large reused blocks, these Athenian general Nikias, son ofNikeratos, tury B.C.), the same date as the vast major­ walls indicate that the street is some 2.60 who was a candidate for ostracism in 417 ity of chamber tombs known from Athens meters wide as it passes through the area. B.C. He escaped exi le by agreeing with his and somewhat earlier than the floruit of so An open stone-built drain running down the main adversary, Alcibiades, to have their many of the Argol id sites in LH ΠΙΒ. This middle of the street characterizes the high­ supporters unite to vote against the hapless is the first substantial Mycenaean deposit est road surface. The sides of the drain were Hyperbolos, who was duly exiled. This re­ to be excavated in theAgora in ovei thirty years. built of reused blocks, several of marble, all sult was such an obvious peΓversion of the Α second chamber tomb came to li ght showing signs of wear from considerable system that the Athenians abandoned the some ten meters to the north. It contained foot traffic. Only the uppermost levels were procedure of ostrac~s m and never used it scattered bones and fragments of uncovered this season, but in future seasons again. Ostraka from this final osttacisω are Mycenaean painted pottery, along with an we clearly will be in a position to explore extremely rare, and this is only the second intact small bowl with a high-swung some two thousand years of stratified road known example carrying the name of handle, an enthroned goddess figurine, and deposits, dating from ca. A.D. 1500 to 500 Nikias to be found in the Agora excavations. bronze objects, including two daggers and B.C. At either end of the trench were re­ Behind the Classical building we encoun­ a knife blade. The water sieve produced vealed t.he tops of the walls and the mouths tered another deposit of pottery dating to numeωus small beads in various materials: of large storage jars (pithoi) of the Middle the years just after the Persian destrnction shell , faience, and caΓnelian. Among them, Byzantine settlement, dating to the tenth of the city, the third such groιιp found in and apparently mounted as jewelry, was a and eleventh centuήes. the area. stηall cainelian scarab. The Late Bronze This new area allows us to link the re­ Within the building itself, duΓing explo­ Age in the Agora has produced limited im­ cently excavated material lying to the east ration of 1evels deep under the flooΓ of ports, and the scarab needs study to deter­ and south with a small building plot lying Room 2, a large cutting in sterile fill soon mine if it is in fact Egyptian or a local imi­ immediately to the west. This plot was ex­ proved to be a Mycenaean chamber tomb. tation. These moderately rich new tombs cavated by Eugene Vanderpool and John The scattered and shattered bones along the are by fa.r the earliest graves yet known in Travlos ίη 1958, before a modem five-story north side represent the remains of at least the area north of the Eridanos River, thus building was constructed over the site. lt two individuals. They were accompanied placing the fiΓst burials in the cemetery contained the northern continuation of the by at least nine pots, tηost with painted s 01ηe 300 years earli er than previously street, along with medieval house walls and decoΓation , found more or less where they thought. 8 Corinth contίnu ed fronι page 3 graves contained seventh-century lekythoi. The third grave belonged to a thirty-year­ old male who also lifted heavy weights during his lifetime. His lower right leg had been severely broken and the bones di slo­ cated; aJthough the break healed well, it left his Jeg deformed and about 20 cms. shorter than the other. Demolition of the bath and long build­ ing left a deep Jayer of gravel over the area between them. Several handmade cooking vessels from the layer resemble Middle Byzantine forms more closely than they do Late Roman ones. Α rare Abbasid coin of the second half of the eighth century found in debris of the frigidarium suggests that the demolition took place ca. 800. In the upper­ Alan Wace ( l ejί) and Carl Blegen ( ι·i g h.t) ω· depictecl by Ρί e ι de Jong. most layers were the poorly preserved walls of houses represented ο π early-nineteenth­ century plans of the village. Ο π the whole, Piet de Jong in New Publication the material culture was extremely poor. We also found a pit in which debris may ΒοΓη in Leeds in 1887, Piet de Jong was sets a head against a background appropri­ have resulted from the Greek War of Inde­ a Yorkshireman of Dutch extraction who ate to its subject and is accompanied, for pendence,judging from its contents, which became architect and dΓaft s man to Sir comparison, by a photograph of the sitter included three fragments of exploded can­ Aπhur Evans, the excavatoΓ of the Palace on the facing page. Ms. Hood has also pro­ nonballs and two military buttons with En­ of Minos at Knossos. While woΓking for vided a brief biography of each person as glish identification marks. It also contained Evans in CΓete , he also offered hi s services well as a detailed history of Piet and hi s thirteen well-preserved clay pipes, large to otheΓ scholaΓs , including members of the wife Effie. The allusions and anecdotes numbers of late Slip Painted bowls, and American School at Athens and Corinth. shown in the backgrounds of the pi c tuΓe s several pieces of northern European china During these years, spanning the 1920s and are e lιιcidat e d , in many cases using the and ltalian tache noίr imports, which can be 1930s, de Jong made ονeι· f"orty caΓicatuΓes aΓtist' s own words. dated with some accuracy to about 1800. The depicting friends and colleagues from the The people portiayed, mostly Engli sh latest ofthe eighty-odd coins in the pit date archaeological community in Greece. ln her and American, include Sir Arthur Evans to the year 1809 in the reign of Mahmut Π . recent book, Faces of Arcl1aeology ίn himself, Ε. J. Forsdyke (Director of the '"€>'"€>'"€> Gι-eece: Carίc atιιres by Pίe t de Jong British Mu seuιη ), Dilys Powell (film critic), (Leopard's Head Press: OxfoΓd 1998), Aιι s ten Haιτison (designer ofNuffield Col­ Corinth's excavation recording system, Rachel Hood, wife of Sinclair Hood, former lege, OxfoΓd and the Rockefeller Museum which has developed for thirty years into a Director of the British School at Athens, in J e ιυ sa l e m ), and-from the Schooi- Yir­ sophisticated and highly efficient format, brings together these Γe ιηarkable caιicatures. gini a Grace, Doωthy Βuπ Thorηpson , and continues to evolve. After the small-scale Each caricatuΓe , published in full color, Caii Blegen. excavations in which Joe Rife (in 1996) and Moira Cleffi (in 1997) assisted me, we open­ ed up the Panayia area extensively in 1998. The goal was to adopt the best aspects of the Locus System, employed elsewhere in the Eastern Mediteπanean , and open-area, single-context systems used in the U.S. and Northern Europe. In this, Nancy Bookidis and Ι were assisted by the energetic enthu­ siasm of area supervisors Ioulia Tzonou­ Herbst, Stephanie Larson, Brice Erickson, Benjamin Millis, and Rebecca Sweetman. James Herbst made architectural pl ans throughout, and many individuals, notably Betsy Robinson, assisted setting the changes in motion during the training session.

At right: τlιree fis/ι that α plasterer ιroιve led into t/ι e wαll of the cement αnd ι ·ubb le of α Late Romαn bu.ilding. lnset: Frαgmentary fresco showing α meαnαd tαpping α tαmbourine with α long wαnd . 9 On November 24 the School 's 1998- 99 Lecture Series began with Antigoni Zournatzi rNati onal Hel lenic Research Foundati on), who spoke on ' Ίnscr i bed S il ­ ver Yessels of the Odrysian Κi n gs: Gifts, Tribute, and the Diffusion of the Forms of Άc h ae m e nid ' Metalware in Thrace." Alexander Mazarakis Ainian (loni o Uni ­ versity) deli vered a talk on D ece ιηb e r 8 entitled "Metallurgy, Power, and Cult Prac­ ti ce in Early lron Age Greece." January 12 brought J. Α. S. Evans (Uni versity ofBrit­ ish Columbia), who presented "The Legacy of Edward Gibbon's D ec l ί n e and Fa ll: Gibbon's Influence on the Conceptions of Late Antiquity and the Proto-Byzantine E ιηpire," a11d 0 11 Ja11u ary 19 Charalambos Kritzas (Epigraphical Museum) spoke 0 11 'Ά New l11 scriptio11 fωm the Askl epieio11 of Lebe11 a (Crete) and the Da11 c i11 g Floors of Greek Sanctuari es." "The Hell e11i zati o 11 School Me nιb e rs enjoy ι /ιe final dinna οΙ ιh. e Νσrι/ιeπι trip: Nea Μοιιdαηία , Nove ι n. ba 5. of Cyprus a11d Crete at the E11d of the Late Bro11 ze Age" was the subject of the Jecture by Vassos Karageorghis (Foul1da­ ti o l1 A11 astasios Leve11ti s, Cyprus) 0 11 Fe bιυ a r y 9. Joseph Maran (U 11 iνers it y of Heidelberg) _discussed "Myce11 ae w ί th Wessex: Ο11 the Nature of the Amber Trade i11 the Shaft Grave Peri od" 011 February 23. The Seve11th A1111u al Wie11 er L a b o Γ a t ory Lecture will be deli vered 0 11 March 9 by Ernst Pernicka (τec h11i sc h e U 11j versitat Bergakaderru e Freiberg). 011 April 2 will be the ope 11 meeti11 g 0 11 the work of the School i11 Ι 998 a11d a lecture by Mary C. Sturgeon (Uni versity of North Caroli11 a, Chapel Hill).

At the D ece mb e Γ Ma11 agi11 g Comrruttee τlι e D irec ιoσ οΙ bo t lι 1998 Sι ι nυn e ι · Sessions· co ι rιpare experiences at the jίι re H ι e /l pαι · ιy ση Αugιω 4. meeti11 g i11 Washi11 gto11 , D.C., John Kroll, Left to riglιι: Sι ι sαη Β . Sιιtton, Robat Sιιtton , Ann Sιe ineι ; and Sa ra lι Peirce.: Chairma11 of the Committee ο η Personnel, annou11 ced the foll owi11 g 11 ew represel1ta­ ti ves: Robert Bauslaugh (Brevard College, a 11 ew Cooperati11 g I11 stitutio 11 ); Glen Bowersock and Heinrich von Staden (111- stitute for Adva 11 ced Study), replac i11 g Christi a11 Habicht, who has become a11 eme r ί t ιιs, will each serve as a Ma 11 agi11 g Co ιrunittee represe11tative i11 aJtemate years; Kerry Cristensen (Williams Coll ege), repl aci11 g Meredith Hoppi11 , who is step­ pi11g aside; Greta Ham (Bucknell U 11i νe r­ sity, a 11 ew Coo pe r a tί11 g Institutio 11 ); Adele Scafuro (Brow11 U 11i versity), repl aci11 g Willi am Wyatt, who has beco111e a11 emerί­ tus; Nancy Sultan (Illinois Wesleya11 Uni ­ Pl10to, left: Αι tl1 e Sepι e ι nber 15 gcπde n ρarty j(π n e H ι Me ιnbas: Elizabeth Lang ι · iclge-Noti versity, a 11 ew Cooperati11 g I11 stitutio 11 ); (Cσι·ί η ι/ι Excaνa ι ions) and Meι-le Langdon, ι /ι e neιv ly elecιed Mellon Pωie sso r. τimoth y Winters (Austi11 Peay State U11i­ Pl10to, rίg /1.1: R egιι.Ιαι · Me ιn ber Pl10ebe Aclιeson ancl A.Ho c iaιe Me ι nba Assaj"Yω· u ι · - Landau . versity, a 11 ew Cooperati11 g I11 stitutio 11 ).

10 JΙI

Lasι July, Danae Volt e rα , the bαby gi ι·l ofGennαcleion Assistant Aι-ch. ivisι Μαι·iα Vo lte rα , Ι · vas bαptize d in Ηαgία ΜαΓinα , α pi c tuΓesqu e clιιιrclι neα Γ th.e Πι ese ion . Godpαι·e nts Μcπία Vω· tαΓdί αnd Annα Nαdαli (at left), secretαries in t/ιe G e nnαde ion , νveι-e in aιte ndαn ι· e. A αo ι-ding ιο α ll , it γvαs α lo ve lγ ce reιn. onγ, and Danα e b e lιαveιllike α ι ·e αl Lady!

Sakis Mcπin os, tlι e Sclωol ' s cook in LO!'ίn g Hαll, JHepαres αfea st on his neγv ι- hαrcoα l g rill jor tl1e ga rden pαι·ty ισ ι nαΓk tlι e encl oj' Su. n1nιer Session 11, Aιιg ust 4.

Photo, left: George L. Ηιιχl eγ (foπner Director of tlιe G e nnαιleion) and Doreen C. Spitzer (President Emerita, ASCSA Tπιstee s) cα t cfι. ιφ on old tinι es αttlιe pαl'ty in ιlι e SciJ.ool's g aιτlenfoι· the Trustees ' ιn ee ting , Jιι.ne 8. Plωto , righ.t: ASCSA Trιιstees Eιlwαrd Ε. Colιen αncl Williαm Τ Loomίs , αlso att lι e June party. .'

Αι α reception αι ιh. e DiΓec tor ' s residence on June 4, Willίaιn ( "Chίp ") An1ιnanιan , Executίlιe Diι·ecto r oj' tl1.e Fulbι · ίgh. t Ρι·οgι-α nι in GΓeeι-e, c ιι. ts tlιe ι-ake ισ ι-e l e brate the 50th Sotiι·is Niteωs, Jeαnn e tte MαΓclωnd, αnd Guy Sαnclas, DiΓe c toι · of tlι e CoΓint/7 Excα\ ι αtions, αt αnnivasαrγ oj' tlι e Fu. lbι·igh t Founclaιίon in the Sept e nιbeι- 75 g αΓclen pαrty welcorning new n1 e n1beι-s. Greece.

11 nati); Kavoιιsi, involving both Kastro and School Active in the Field and at Home Vronda, directed by Geraldine Gesell (Uni­ The Director ofthe School, James D. Muhly, reports onfieldwork sponsored by the versity of Tennessee); Chrysokanιino, di­ Betanc oιιrt (τemp l e School ίn summer '98, as well as developments back home on Odl1os Souidias 54. rected by Philip Uni­ versity); Vrokastro, directed by Barbara Hayden (Urιiver si ty of Pennsylvania Μιι­ In the Field ... hypothesis, to be tested in future seasons , that there was no Neιnea River in Classical s eιιm of Archaeology and Anthropology); Apart from the official School excava­ times. This would explain why, during Mochlos, directed by Jeffrey Soles (Univer­ tions at Corinth and the Athenian Agora, Eaτly Christian times, the riveΓ seems to cut sity of North Carolina at Greensboro) and which are discussed elsewl1ere in this News­ thlΌugh the foundations of the Early Sta­ Costis Davaras (Ephoreia ofEastem Crete); letter, the only School-sponsored excava­ dium. Classical and Hellenistic Nemea and Kommos, directed by Joseph and Maria tion in summer 1998 took pl ace at Nemea could thus have exi sted as a poorly drained Shaw (University ofToronto). under the diΓection of Stephen G. Miller bowl-shaped basin in the mountain valley, Α nιιmber of the study seasons, above (University of California at BeΓkeley) . This marshy ΟΙ s waιnpy during the winteΓ but all those in Crete, were made possible was the second year of Nemea's five-year dτy enough during th e sιιmmer to pernιit the through the Institute for Aegean Prehistory program of excavations. Mellon Professor holding of the Nemean Games, which (INSTAP). In addition to fιιnding the less Ronald S. Stroud and Ι were able to visit broιιght prosperity to an agriculturally im­ glamoroιιs work that begins after the dig­ the excavation at season 's end, peιfect tim­ poverished region. ging is done, INSTAP has begun a program ing as it tumed out. Mr. Stroud was able to In addition to the Nemea excavations, of sιιpport for pιιblication teams as well as study a recently excavatedjumping weight there were numelΌus American scholars specialized technicians such as photogra­ of a type known fωιη Olympia and dated and students involved with stιιdy seasons at phers and draftspersons, who will provide to ca. 500 B.C. It retained part of an inscrip­ sites throιιghout GΓeece. Among these were assistance to projects in getting their finds tion (one could hardly present Ron, as edi­ Samothrace, directed by James R. into print. sιιch tor of the Supplementun1 Epigraphίcum McCredie (lnstitιιte of Fine Arts at New With so much activity on a variety Graecun1 [SEG], with an unin scι-ib ed ob­ Υω ~ k University); Grevena, directed by of sites, it is not possible here even to oιιt­ ject!) restorable as "he dedicated me to Zeus Nancy Wilkie (Carleton College); Halai, line the work carried οιιt on all of them. Α at Nemea because he was victorious." This directed by John Coleman (Cornell Univer­ few examples will have to sιιffice. At wonderful find is sure to be pronιinently sity); Eliki, directed by Steven Soter Isthmia, Elizabeth Gebhard and David featured dιιring the Second Modern (Snιith so ni a n In sti tιιtion ) and DoΓa Katson­ Reese finished a detailed study of the ani­ Nemean Games, to be held in A.D. 2000. opoιιloιι ; two at Isthmia, the one directed mal bones foιιnd in sacrificial debris near Much of Mr. MilleΓ's excavation effort by Elizabeth GebhaΓd (University of Chi­ the Long Altar of Poseidon (some 17 kg.) during the past two s ulllineΓs has been de­ cago) and the otheΓ by Tiωothy Gregory and from the pits dedicated to Melikertes­ voted to reconstructing the history of the (Ohio State UniveΓsity); the Minnesota Palaimon (over 55 kg.). These sacrificial Nemea River. The earliest course of the Morea Pωject , directed by Frederick Coo­ deposits could then be compared with the river appaτently dates to ca. 1200 B.C. Then per (University of Minnesota) and Joseph bones from the pit that served as a water it seems to have dried up subsequently and Alchennes (Connecticιιt College); the reservoir for the Archaic sanctuary, the lat­ to have remained dry for an extended pe­ Pylos Regional Archaeological Project, di­ ter apparently representing the remains of riod. Mr. Miller now presents as a possible Γected by Jack Davis (University of Cincin- dining, a sιιbject receiving mιιch scholarly attention at the present time. In the soιιthern Peloponnese, the Pylos Regional Project has taken on the study of a remarkable Ottoman cadastral register covering the territory ofNavarino (Ottoman Anavarin) and dated to A.D. 1716. This study, being carried out in conjιιnction with Professor Fariba Zarinebaf (University of Illinois at Chicago), shoιιld tell us a great deal aboιιt what is still a very poorly stud­ ied period in the history of the Morea. In eastern CΓete , some of the material froω the Late Minoan ΠΙC shrine at Vronda (Kavoιιsi) , inclιιding two of the goddesses with ιιpraised arιns, a snake tube, two plaqιιes and a kalathos, has now gone on display in a special case in the Ierapetra Μιιseιιm. This constitιιtes the first public display of these remarkable finds, being prepared for publication by Geraldine Gesell. At Home ... As anyone who returns to Greece after Menιb ers of the Sclιool ση α trίp to Crete, wί tlι Jaιn es D. Muhly ( ίη back, wearίng tlιe ~v/ιίte h.at), an absence of even a few years soon dis­ the Dίι·ec tor, at Mycenaean Grave En c losuι-e , Ρ/ωιπηί Ce ι netery, Arclι anes, October 15. covers, life in Athens is not what it ιιsed to 12 impoverished since the dissolution of the Publications News Eastern Bloc. we· are now proposing to donate many of the titles in the Agora, In fall/winter 1998 two new volumes Corίnth, Isthmίa, Keos , and Lerna series to appeared, The Athenίan Graίn-Tax Law of worthy archaeologica\ institutions, asking 374/3 B.C. (Hespe rίa SuppletηentXIX), by only that they.assume the cost of shipment. Ronald S. Stroud, Andrew W. Mellon Pro­ The need is clearly pressing, and the return fessor of Classical Archaeology at the is gratifying. University of Cincinnati Pro­ School, and The Cίty E l e usίnίon (Agora fessor of Classics Jack Davis and C\assics ΧΧΧΙ ), by Margaret Μ. Miles (ASCSA graduate student Shari Stocker already SS1974, 1976-77, fo rmer ASCSA Alum­ brokered a π arrangement with the Publica­ nae/i Association President). The Agora Stone jιιmping weig lιt (lιalter) with dedicatory tions staff for the books to be purchased at volume was published with the assistance inscription, ca. 500 B.C. Ne ι nea Excavations, di scount by the University of Cincinnati, University of California at Berkeley. of a grant from the Arthur Yining Davis and they were donated to the Institute of Ar­ Foundations, which will be used to under­ chaeology in τiran a. Charles Watkinson of write several volumes in the Agora series. be, nor is life at the American School, where Oxbow Books related the reaction: " Ι was Work continues in the Publications Office working in Albania with Jack Davis .. . in there are changes afoot, large and small. Το on seven School excavation monographs. strengthen the academic program, the June and was present when a large parcel The Publ.ications Office will unveil a of ASCSA books arrived at the Apollonia School has increased the stipend of the dramatic new design in the March 1999 is­ Whitehead Professors and increased the dig house of the Institute. The archaeolo­ sue of the School's journal Hesper ίa . gist in charge of the local region actually stipend for School fellowships. The cost of Changes will include a gold-tone cover, School trips has been reduced by subsidiz­ burst into tears of gratitude when Corίnth photographs ωn in with the text, and a new ing the bus and the driver, a move that and Agora arrived." typeface. Efforts continue to increase indi­ The Publications Office has not had ex­ should encourage more Student Associate vidual subscriptions, including extending and Regular Members to take better advan­ tensive dealings with archaeological insti­ discounts to students and to dues-paying tutions in these parts of the world, and tage of the programs offered to those hold­ alumnae/i of the School. ing fellowships. The School must continue would appreciate assistance in identifying to explore ways in which to make its aca­ Ke rrί Cox, Edίtor ίn Chίef potential recipients of ASCSA books. demic program more attractive to every .,.,., Please send nominations, including the serious student of ancient Greek archaeol­ name and title of a contact at each institu­ The Publications Office is endeavoring tion, to the Publications Office so that we ogy, history, or philology in Atηerica, through fel\owships and other means. to get School pub1ications into the hands of can aid our fellow scholars and archaeolo­ The physical plant is also undergoing scholars in Asia, Africa, and especially east­ gists around the globe. major improvements. The upper tloor of the ern Europe, where many university librar­ Director's residence has just received a ies and academic institutions have become Patrίcίa Tanner, Marke tίng Manager complete transformation, under the guid­ ance of the same architect who renovated the elegant Neoclassical building belong­ Solow Fellows to the Theater district on the west and ing to the Swedish Institute. Concurrently, continιιedfι -o ι n ρa ge 4 south) or acquired from locals in the imme­ Loring Hall dormitory rooms have been diate vicinity. freshened up wit.h new bed linen, new blan­ complete attribution by rule and mint of this Corinth Numismatist Orestes Zervos kets, and new rugs, the tables in the sa lonί class of coins, and so my identification of and Ι also began comparing our research to and reading room have been resurfaced, and them will appear ίπ the Addenda and Cor­ refine the nature of the minor bronze coin­ the upholsterer has been hard at work on all rigenda section of the publication on the age of the reign ofManuel Comnenus (A.D. the chairs and sofas. Το encourage more 1928 coins, with full attribution of the 1928 1141- 1180). Mr. Zervos based his findings Members to eat in Loring Hall , there is a and 1929 coins , on the considerable Corinth material and revised menu in the dining room and re­ Το complete the re~ iew ofthe 1929 coin consultations with the staff of the Numis­ vised schedule for Sakis Marinos, the cook. cards, Ι double-checked my first readings matic Museum in Athens, while Ι used the Lunch now consists of sandwiches, salad, of the 4, I 00+ coins, inserted data that Ι had Theatercoins and material from Nemea and and fruit in t.he summer, with soup to be gathered on problematic coins since my last the Athenian Agora. We made considerable added during the winter, and Sakis works visit to Corinth, integrated a dozen coins progress, though we are not yet in complete from 11 :30 a.m. to 7:30p.m. in order to pre­ that Corinth Conservator Stel\a Bouzaki agreement. He suggested that Ι publish a pare the evening meal just before it is cleaned for me, and selected the coins to be thesis of mine, that early views of the finds served, at 8:00 p.m. photographed for the publication, photo­ at Corinth ofManuel's coins had unduly, if Thanks to the Schoo\'s Computer Liai­ copying the coin cards as well. not completely incorrectly, influenced the son, Tarek Elemam, and in consultation This trip gave me the opportunity to understanding of this coinage during the with James J. O'Donnell, Yice Provost for study the mi scellaneous coins associated last several decades of numismatic re­ Information Systems and Computing at the with the Shear excavations of the Theater: search. Ι agreed and immediately began University of Pennsylvania, the computer 37 coins from the Stillwell excavations of gathering material. facilities for all parts of the School have 1930, 1948, and 1953; 14 found unlabeled It seemed that our discussions had been upgraded. Consequently, all Members in the Shear storeroom after the completion hardly begun when Ι had to return to the working in Athens wi 11 now be able to have of the excavation of the Theater; and 214 United States. access to the Intemet and to have their own located in the Blegen col\ection, found in John D. Mac Isaac e-mail address. the construction ofBlegen House (adjacent 1998 Solow Fellow

13 Conservation Interns Restore the Past in the Athenian Agora

Candίce Grίggs and Marc Walton, who servecl as ίnterns at the AgoΓa Exca va tίons ίn α prog Γaιn sponsω-ed by tlιe Samuel Η. Kt·ess Foun­ datίon, desc rίb e t/ι e ίr expaίence.

Surpiising to some, but a commonplace amoι1g co n servatoΓS , things faJJ a paΓt. Even hard and durable ceramics can have tl1eir probleιηs after excavation: Salt crystall iza­ tion in the fabΓic poΓes ιηa y di slodge sur­ faces applied with slip ; old Γepair s ιη ade with shell ac will bωwn and CΓack with age; coins and other metals coιτode at an accel­ erated rate upon excavation; ω arbl es be­ come soiled and pitted in the urban envi­ IOΠΙηent. Between stabilizing objects afteΓ they are excavated and Γeadyin g them fοΓ examination by the archaeologists, conser­ vatoΓs at the Athenian Agora have no pωb­ leω filling theiΓ days. We both wanted to be a part of the dy­ namic setting of the conservation lab at the Agora excavations, and we weΓe accepted as inte ιη s fοΓ the 1998 excavation season by Head Conservator Alice Paterakis. Training in our respective graduate pω­ lnta ns ΜαΓc Walton anc/ Candace Gι · ίggs cons erv ίng an Agorafincl. grams (Queen 's University and the In s titιιte of Fine Arts) versed us in the theoιγ of dants, and fill s that are Γeversible . As we and ceiami c finds. We meas ιιr ed the con­ mending, cleaning, and stabilizing artifacts, have le arηed fωm Ms. Paterakis, interven­ ductivity and pH of the sarηples taken by but nothing pΓepared us for the volιιme and tions with objects ιηιιst be adaptable to suit the trench s ιιpervi so r s, using a pωtocol variety of mateΓi a l s found at the Agora. the tastes of the times and changes in the developed at the American Excavations in Although we were taken aback at first, Ms. fιιtuΓe . Τωy , Kaιηan Kalehtiyϋk , and GoΓdion in Paterakis and Assistant ConservatoΓ Karen Handling the pΓevalent s ωall ωetal ΤιιΓk ey. Data gained fωm this study ωay Stamιη served as our patient guides finds, with coins chief among th e rη , al­ help the fi eld co n se Γ νato r predict the need throughout. It was also the first tίιηe that we lowed ιι s the expeΓ i e n ce of Γ e movin g the for desalination and coπosion inhibition. were consιιlted by aΓchaeologists in our coπosion layers that hid the detail created In the second project we experimented expertise: materi al identification and the duΓin g casting and striking. Dealing with with m ateιia l s ιι sed to fill lacιιn ae in pot­ appωpriate handling of objects. these small metal finds was a ιηini-excava­ teΓy. Pl aster, which has been the filler of The AgoΓa is a rare setting, since it com­ tion in itself, and we ιι sed binocιιlar mag­ choice, contains so lιιble salts that may con­ bines an active archaeological site, a study nification, s h a φ scalpels, and glass bΓi s tl e tΓibιιte to l a teΓ daωa ge and can be difficult collection, and a mu se ιι111. This expands the brιιshe s to sweep away the unwanted diΓt to Γemove withoιιtj eo pardizing the object. variety of problerηs that we confωnt daily and coπosion. We tι·ea ted bronze objects by We woΓked with new mateΓial s that are be­ and pΓe pares ιι s for what we will be deal­ impΓeg nating them with the chemical cor­ ing exanιined as replacements: epoxy put­ ing with in our careers. Tending to the ubiq­ rosion-inhibitor benzotriazole and then ties, adhesives bιιlked into a pastelike con­ uitoιι s pottery, whether freshly excavated or coating them with ,a protective lacqιιeι -. sistency with glass microballoons, and from storage, ωade up a good portion of οιιr M aΓble inscriptions were ιηade more read­ plaster strengthened with pol yιη e r Γes in s, day. We strengthened vessels, weak after able with an ultrasoni c device, boπowed among others. sitting in storage for up to sixty years, with froω dentistry, which safely cleared away The in s trιιctive and anιiable interaction the injection of adhesives into the cracks hard incrιι s tation s . M a Γbl e busts and statu­ between the conservators and archaeolo­ opening between sherds and rewoiked th o Γ­ ary, with otherwise intωct a bl e pollution gists, artifact specialists, dΓaft s peΓs ons , and oughly a red-figιιred krater of sοιηe impoΓ­ stains, were c\eaned with water mi sts and anthropologists at the AgoΓa was a unique tance. The plaster of the 1930s recon s trιιc­ poιιltices of fine clay and water. Glass ob­ and gΓatifying ex pe Γi e nce. We weΓe able to tion was reιηoved fωm the fragωent s, the jects, too, with corrosion layers so fΓagile recognize some ob sc ιιred details on a par­ s h e Γd s desalinated, and the entire vessel they ιηight fall apart with the slightest ti all y cleaned coin only with the help of the rebuilt, with the plaster body shape coΓ­ ωoveιηent , needed cleaning, consolidation, aΓchaeologist and to identify th e bones rected and the inpainting in line with hi s­ and mending. The minoΓ cleaning of the found in a pot only with the help of the torical accuracy and with modeιη conser­ occasional bone object was among the sim­ physical a nthτopolo gist. We hope that the vation ethics. The newly excavated plest treatωents of the s ιιmm er . objects are recognizable and ·Γeadable to ceramics, including the exciting finds frοιη We also aided Ms. Paterakis with two them beca ιι se of οιιr input and energies. We a Mycenaean bιιΓi a l , went throιι g h similar Γesearc h projects. The first was a pro g Γ a m thank the excavators and s cholaΓ s, and es­ rigoroιιs treatωent. Throιιgh all this we fol­ of soil sampling, examining the strati­ peciall y ο uΓ supervisois, fοΓ this coll egial­ lowed a major tenant of conseΓνation: For graphic layers of the si te to relate salinity, ity, as this was the most rewarding aspect stΓιιctuΓal s ιιppoΓt ιι se adhesives, consoli- acidity, and depth to the conditions of ωetal of ο υ Γ Agora experience.

14 Thucydides the Prehistorian

Whίle αι the Scl1ool as tl1e 1997- 98 Whίt e heacl Vί.~ ίtίn g P ιυfes s o ι; Jeffrey S. Rιι s ten ( Cha ί r, Departn1ent of Classίc s, Cornell Unίveι-s ί ty) worked ση Thu cydίde s. He sl1 a ι ·e s son1e of l1ίs re.fl ectίons on the re lίabίlί ty of the anc ί e nt l1ίs torίan 's ίηfοηn α ιίοη about the Bronze Age.

John Moles ( D epaι-t me 11 t of Classics, text (Ilίad ΙΙ.530 a11d 867). F ιι rt h eΓ , ology may have been common belief in U ni ve ι- s ity ofD uι · h a ιη ) and Ι have begun to T hιι cyd id es says ( Ι. Ι I) that tlι e G ι ·eeks mιι st T hιι cyd i des ' own day. asse ιη b l e a co mm e 11t a ι- y 011 Thu cyd ides, have bee 11 v i ctor i oιιs ini tiall y at Τωy , be­ Archaeologists today can make at least ΗίstοιΎ, Book Ι. My yeaτ as Whitehead Pro­ cause they b ιιilt a wa ll fο Γ their camp, some use of hi s obseι-va ti on s , although o11l y fesso r, with the riches of Blegen Libr aι-y at whereas Ho m e Γ says they bnilt it i11 the tenth i11 a ιηu c l ι ιη od i fied fο πη. Mi noan i11 fl nence ι ηy di sposal as well as the experti se of the yea Γ , beca ιι se they were losi11 g (llίad ( bιι t 11 0t milit a Γy co n tω l ) is de ιηo n stra bl e School's members, was a11 ideal time to VII.433-440). In addition, l ιe ass ιιm es in at least the westeiΠ Cyclades in the po 11d e ι- the section that the scholi a (o n Thuc. (1.11 .1) that the Greek anη y lacked pωv i­ Mi ddl e Minoa11 ( ΜΜ ) p e ι · i od, as show n by Ι.1 2) have ta ught us to call the Archaeol­ siol1 s, because it had to e11 gage i11 faΓmin g Jack L. Davis in hi s co 11tri b ιιti o 11 to Papers ogy, especiall y that part dealing with the i11 the Thrac ia11 C h eι-so nn ese-so m et hin g ίη C) ι c ladίc P rel1ίstory (1979); and naval Aegean world t hτo u g h the Tωj a n war (1. 2- Η ο ιη e r mentio11s 11 owhere. Finall y, he con­ w a rfaΓe a11d piι- acy, whil e not in ev idence 11 ). 111 Knossos a11d Myce11 ae, M i11 os and c lιιd es (1. 10.3-4) that the Greek aΓm y at fο Γ ΜΜ CΓete, aΓe now dramaticall y visible Agamem11 011 , Thucydides pωv i ded pio- Τωy was not large, because one can esti ­ i11 Ph an o ιιri a Dakoronia's latest reco l1 struc­ 11 eeri11 g archaeologists with the basic cities mate it frο ιη the ca t a l og ιι e σf ships, yet the tion of a LH IIIC kΓ a t er fro m the ce m e te Γy and figures of Aegean Bronze Age mythology. calcul ati o11 he leaves ιιn co nιpl e ted tur11s ο ιιt at Kynos in east Locri s, to be pιιbli s h ed in Nevertheless, Thucydides' days as re­ to be 102,000 me11 ! a fo ι-ιh coιηin g article and also d i sc ιι ssed by quired reading for stude11ts of Greek pre­ Ma11 y of these pω bl em s may never be Shell ey Wachsmann i11 hi s Seagoίng Sh ίps hi story are over. In fac t, these ope11ing chap­ explained; but before decidi 11g that ancl Seaιnan s l1ίp ίη the Bronze Age Levant ters have ι- ece ntl y taken rather a beatin g Thucydides shows a "gωss ιηi s ιιnd ers t a11d­ (1998). fr ο ιη archaeologists a11 d histori ans alike. i11 g a11d ignora11 ce ofthe past," i11 the words Τhιι s Thιι cy did es' weak11 ess as a pι-e his ­ (Even philologists seem content to admiie of Μ . Ι. Fi11l ey i11 his book Y/1e Use and tori al1 may be 11 0t so much poor jιιd g m e 11 t hi s dedncti ve method, whil e hnπy i11 g past Abuse of Hίstory (1975), it ιηi ght be best as a lac k of hi s c ιι s to ιη a r y ori gin ali ty and the deducti ons th e ιη se l ves i11 sil ence.) to co 11sider whether they are 11 0t as likely i11depende11 ce. Perh aps we s h o ιιl d be grate­ Thucydides' i11terpretati on of the materi al to be traced to ο ιι r ow 11 i g n o ι- a 11 ce as to hi s. fιιl that, as he proceeded to narrate the war evide11 ce ava il abl e to him seems eccentric. Thus, when he ω e nti o 11 s the ω ys t e ri o u s that is hi s chi ef s ιιbj ec t , Thιι cy did es turned ln I. 1Ο he ι- em ind s us not to n11derestimate fi rst-year Ac haea11 wall , Thιι cy d i d es is to events of hi s ow 11 day, using ev ide11 ce he the power of Mycenae simply because it is clearly not quoti11g H o m e ι- , since the ll ίad co ιιl d eva lιι a te independentl y, fο ι- hiιη se lf , small-a tω e statement abont its area bnt does not treat the first yeaΓ of the war; the for the very first time. not abont the wall s that Thncydides usnall y li te r aΓy sources that narrated the i11itial co11 siders a sig11 of ι ηilita ι- y 11ι i g h t. In 1. 8 he GΓee k attack 011 Troy a Γe 11 0w lost bnt we ι- e o ffe ι- s as proof of piΓ a t es' identi ty the fact well know n in the fifth ce ntu ι-y (the Cyp rίa , Handel Performance that old graves nn cove Γed duri11g the pnri­ tragedies 011 the death of Protesil aos and fi catiol1 of Delos were Ca Γi a 11 ; bn t whe11 Achilles ' slaying of the Trojan Kyknos), and Benefits Gennadeίon some of these Γem a i11 s were fonnd in 1898, eve11 Homer (Jl ίad Χ ΙΥ. 3 0- 38) seems The Dryden Ensemble performed the "Cari a11 " weapons were nowhere to be to a llιιd e to a wall built after the initial George Frideric Handel's cantata see11 , and pottery suggested that the origi­ landing. ''Apσllσ e Dafne" at the Greek Embassy nal graves had been Greek. "Thncydides or 111 asserting the widespread naval power in Washington, D.C., ση February 8 tσ a11 in formant," asserted R. Μ . Cook in a11 of Mi11os, Thucydides is merely reflecting benefit the Gennadius Library. i11flue11ti al arti cle published i11 the Annual the ιιniv e rsal belief of his contemporari es. The cantata, cσmpσ s ed early in of the B rίtίsh School at Athens, volume 50 Α conti11nous 11 arra t iv~ is lac ki11 g, but from Handel's career, σpen s with a re s σund­ (1955), "did not recog11ize geometric pot­ preserved a llιι s ion s we C3 11 see that any lit­ ing "The earth is liberated! Greece is tery as bei11 g ... Greek." erate Athe11i a11 had heard that Minos had vindicated! Apollσ has wσn !" as the god Cook co11 cluded that Thncydides was besieged a11d captu red Megara, the11 sailed retums frσm Delphi and his victσry σver simpl y a pοοΓ i11terpreter of archaeological to Keos and left a garrison; while i11 the Pythσn. It clσses with his lament σver evide11ce. Β ut some of the harshest cri ti cism Cyclades, he was interrupted on Paros by the transfiguratiσn σf Daphne. Under co11 cer11 s his use of ιη y th , whi ch he seems the 11 ews of a so11 's death i11 Athens, he the artistic directiσn of σbσi s t Jane far too prone to use to teach the lesso 11 s of sailed to besiege that city, and, 011 its s ιιr­ McKinley, The Dryden Ensemble spe­ co11temporary hi story. 111 p art i c nl aΓ, hi s co n­ rel1der, exacted the fa m o ιι s huma11 tribnte cializes in perfσrming music σfthe sev­ cept of a Minoan "th a l assoαacy" (1.4) may fo r the Mi11 o t a ιιr ; he was fi nally u11done by enteenth and eighteenth centuries ση be a11 anachro11i sm, which was the central the tι- eac h ery of hi s danghter Ariad11 e a11d peήσd instruments. After the concert, questio11 of The M ί noan Π1alassocracy: hi s engineer Daedalus; he purs ιι ed the lat­ guests were invited tσ a dinner hσ s ted Myt/1 and R ealίty, edited by R. Hagg and ter to Kamikos i11 Sicil y. There Minos was by Ambas s adσr and Mrs. Alexander Ν . M a ι-i11 a t os (1983). kill ed, and his fl eet d i s pe Γ se d . Left behi11d Philon, patrons σf the event. Finall y, it is with a l ίteι-ary sonrce, that were hi s to mb i11 Sicil y, "discovered" by Prσceed s frσm the event are ear­ is, Homer, that the Arcl1aeology appears to Theron of Acragas in the early fifth century, marked to match the Natiσnal Endσwment commit its worst blunders. Thucydides ob­ and the eight se ttl e ιη e nt s call ed "Minoa," fσr the Humanities Challenge Grant fσr serves (1. 3.3) that Homer doesn't nse the stretching from Sicil y to Palestine. Thus renovating and modemizing the Library. wo Γd "barbarian," yet he does, at least i11 onr what seem to ιι s specul ati o11 i11 the Archae-

15 Codirecting Summer Session 1: Double the Fun

Let it never be said that the American ι-i a \ , and the question of ' Όwnership " of aΓ­ School is set in its ways! lt authorized and chaeological sites. supported a first in the history of the School, We had st.udied and traveled in Greece codirectorship of the Summer Session, as Regular Members in 1977-78 and 1978- proving our venerable institution amply 79 respectively, and so we were some capable of successful innovation. The ex­ twenty years distant from that School ex­ perience of Summer Session Ι was one peήence . Therefore, the roster of speakers of unparalleled delight and enrichment for that has come to be the essence ofthe Sum­ the two of us. We ended the session invigo­ mer Session curricu lωn was οuΓ mainstay rated, reconnected with Greek archaeology, and our salvation. Each year this group is and, much to our surprise, not exhausted. mentioned, praised, and thanked. We were Our group of nineteen--eleven men and still unpΓepared for the goodwi\1 , dedica­ eight women-was composed of seven un­ tion, sacrifice, and expertise our speakers dergraduates, four newly minted B.A.'s, six revealed. While we agree that ήgor and a graduate students, and two college profes­ "boot-camp" tenor do distinguish the sors. This bald list does not begin to reflect ASCSA Summer Session from other pro­ the depth and diversity, both academic and grams, we nominate our speaker roster for personal, ofthe group. Yet, our vegetarians the program's blue-ήbbon status. We a\so and hortophobes, teetotalers and tipplers, took countless practical instruction from extroverts and introverts were graciously another group that surely deserves the high­ tolerant of one another and of us. It was not est honors: former Summer Session Direc­ only a love for the Classical past but also tors and their logs. Our Members quickly our shared experiences that wove us to­ recognized the crucial role of the logs in the gether as a group. Some of these experi­ future of the program, to such an extent that ences were staged, such as group meals; Members of Summer Session I enjoyed α a common refrain became "Put that in the others were spontaneous: our walk down postprandial sit-in at Karytaina. log!!!!!" Ermou to our first session at the Agora, ag­ Reflecting on this experience and its gressively and efficiently "herded" by an at all stages. Topics of senior honors the­ long gestation brings a combination of re­ impromptu coalition of \ocal sheepdogs ses, reworking ofbooks-in-progress, expan­ lief and regret that it is now past. Above all, (who just knew we were a flock of some­ sion of expertise from philology to archae­ we are intensely grateful to the School for thing or other); Midea at 116 degrees; genu­ ology, and new career directions are al\ making it possible and to our group who ine maenads at the Castalian Spήng; going products ofthis Summer Session expeήence . made it great. aboard the trireme Olympίas; teachers and Another striking influence came in the Sarah Peίrce (ASCSA 1977-78) future teachers obediently reciting Greek form of our exposure to the wide variety of Summer Session I Codirector lessons from our driver via the bus micro­ ethical issues facing οuΓ discipline: proper phone. types of site conservation and site accessi­ Ann Steiner We were delighted to witness how the bility to tourists and scholars, the necessity (ASCSA SS1974, ASCSA 1978-79) program influenced careers, including ours, of prompt publication of excavated mate- Summer Sessίon 1 Codίrector

Archaeologist and Anthropologist Team up for Summer Session 11 ι•

Last spring, as we anticipated leading so, we hardly anticipated the seήes of medi­ Latin and Roman studies, but we were also Summer Session 11, we hoped our session cal crises arising from a meningitis scare grateful to draw on the expertise of a double would be special and a little different. As a that made us all wonder if we had mistak­ major in geology and classics, a Byzan­ classical archaeologist and cultural anthro­ enly been scheduled into a traveling episode tinist, and a teacher of English and social pologist who have worked together in of "General Hospital" instead of Summer studies. Greece for over two decades, we were in­ Session Π. Fortunately, we al\ came through Our Members plunged into the coo\ trigued by the prospect of developing an in­ with no lasting harm and with virtually the palaeolithic bowels of the earth at Petralona tegrated program that would provide insight entire academic program intact, despite Cave, where Susan provided instantaneous into both the Greek past and its living αeative detours en route. translation of our guide's description of present. The group was marvelously diverse in Europe's o\dest human remains. They We also knew it would be hot, exhaust­ background, age, and interests, a healthy stoutly enduJ"ed a ferry schedule that put us ing, and intensely stimulating to lead a mix of six undergraduate and ten graduate on Santoήni at 2:30a.m. and took us off at group of bright, enthusiastic students and students, three high school teachers, and 7 p.m. the same day. Despite the resulting teachers to over a hundred sites and muse­ even a fu\1 professor from our sister insti­ \ack of sleep, the chance to see the restora­ ums in six short weeks. Such hopes and tution in Bloomington. Most were trained tion of Bronze Age frescoes in the work- expectations were more than fulfilled. Even in the classics, with a striking emphasis on continued on page 17

16 Mellon Fellow Focuses ο η Ancient Terracottas

Hanna Syzmanska, Museuιn of Archaeol­ Hellenistic coroplastics (A JA Ί Ο [1 966] 51 - se ttl e ι- s and not to a military garrison. ogy, Krakow, Poland, came to th.e School as 63), has thus found confirmation. Το be Thanks to the extensive holdings of the an Assocίate Meιnber for the second te rnι sure, Ι was unable to visit the storerooms School's LibraΓy and the opportunity to use of 1997- 98 on α Research Fellowshίp from in Pella in Macedonia, but thanks to the ήch it around the clock, Ι prepared ιη a te rial for the Andrew W Mellon Foundatίon 's pro­ li terature in the Blegen Library, Ι was able two articles. These will deal with unique gram for Eastern European sch.olars. She to alteΓ my pωvisional thesis that the di s­ figurines discovered in Athribis, such as a reports on the consίderable progress slιe trict we have been excavating was founded small head of Athene in a Phrygian helmet made ίn her study ofHe llenίstίc and Roman by soldiers from the army garι-i s on left be­ and an Εωs in the aω1or worn by terracottas. hind by Alexander the Great. The icono­ Macedonian soldiers. graphi c c h aΓacteristics of the terracottas Α detailed ι-eview of the publications During my stay at theAmerican School, obtained in the course of our excavations from the Athenian Agora and other exca­ Ι nearly completed my work supplement­ point rather to a first wave of Macedonian co n ι ίιιιι e d ο η page 19 ing the first volume of the publication of Hellenistic and Roman terracottas from the site of Tell Atrib in the Nile Delta and pre­ Summer Session 11 paring the second volume. contίιιu. e d fronι. ιπev ί o u.s page Of particular importance were my vis­ room atAkroti1i, the exhil arating and windy Visits to Kalavryta, cradle of the Greek its to the storerooms of the Athenian Agora prospect from the site of classical Thera, ι-evolution and site of a massacre in WoΓid and to Coήnth, where Ι had the opportunity and finally sai ling out through the caldera War Π , and the nearby monasteries atAgia to examine excavation materials that, like ιηade this brief stop a hi gh point of the trip. LavΓa and Mega Spelaia provided unique the Athribis terracottas, come from datable We also reveled in the bouncy ride up to insight into patiiotic and spiΓitual dimen­ archaeological contexts. Thus, Ι was able to Vronda from Kavousi in the back of three sions of li ving Greece. Finally, the spec­ confiπn certain hypotheses regarding the pickup trucks, a bracing taste of the true taculaΓ Γece nt discoveries in Macedonia at morphological characteristics ( clay color fieldwoΓk expeΓience. The sarne afternoon, Vergina, Dion, Lefkadia, and Pella and and firing methods) ofterracottas that serve hearty Members swa ιη back to the Cretan their dΓamatic presentation in local muse­ to distinguish Hellenistic artifacts from shore from Minoan Mochlos and maΓνeled ums and Thessaloniki dωve home the un­ Roman. as the setting sun lit up the tall cli ffs of east deniable iιηpoΓtance ofMacedonia in link­ My consultations with Dr. Jutta Stroszeck, Cr-ete and the sparkJing sea below. ing classical Greece to impe Γi a l Rome and the Director of the Kerameikos Excava­ Urban Athens provided its s h aΓe of plea­ the crυc i a l interrelation of archaeology and tions, enabled me to resolve numeωu s sures as well, despite a Γecord heat wave, modern politics. questions concerning the production of its effects gΓatefully mitigated by the new ΟuΓ session was indeed special, its les­ figuήnes. Specifically, the coroplastic work­ fans the Alumnae/i Association had just sons long will endure, preserved on filιη shop discovered in the Agora is not ac­ donated to Loring Hall. StΓictly aichaeo­ and in notebooks, engraved in our hearts. companied by any kiln, whereas in the Kera­ logicaJ opportunities included the chance to meikos, outside the city walls, there are Robert F. Sutton, Jr. walk inside the Parthenon , to visit the woι-k­ Sumnιeι- Sessίon 11 Codίrector several, from both the Hellenistic and Ro­ rooms of the Propylaia restoration project, man periods. This placement of kilns was and to witness frrsthand the excavation of Susan Buck Sutton presurnably dictated by safety considerations: Mycenaean graves in the Agora. Sιιnιnιer Sessίon 11 Codίrector protection against the possibility of a fire breaking out in a densely built-up city square. Α different situation existed in the work­ shop district in Athribis, where a complex of kilns has been discovered, two ofwhich were used to fire pottery, along with vari­ ous artifacts, strong evidence for the exist­ ence of a ceramic-coroplastic workshop ο η this site. In similar constructions in the Kerameikos, both terracottas and clay ves­ sels were fired, at least in the Roman pe­ riod. The same system must have func­ tioned already in the Ptolemaic period in Athribis, where unfired vessels as well as terracottas have been found near the kilns. Ι was also able to clarify to a significant extent the problem of the origin of the terracotta models, which in all likelihood were brought by Macedonian settlers to Ptolemaic Egypt from Athens via Macedonia. The thesis advanced by Doro­ thy Burr Thompson, that Athens was the Ο η Cι·eιe, th.e Me ιnbers especίa lly ι·e lίsl1ed tl1e ride ίη pi cku.ρ trucks jωn1 Kavousί to vίsίt main source of iconographic inspiration for Vωnda with Leslie Preston Da)•.

17 Dignitaries Visit Gennadius Library

,., Q ! ~" Ί:" ·;:" ~ ~"' ...,~ ~ "- ct"'

Photo, left: H.R.H. The Prince ofWales, an avowedfan of Edward Lear, found tίme ίn hίs whίrlwίnd trίp to Greece ίn November to vίew the Gennadeίon 's· ωllectίon of Lear watercolors. From left to right: Harίs Kallίgas, Dίrector of the Gennadίu.~ Library; Sίr Mίchael Llewellyn Smith, the British Ambassador to Greece; H.R.H. The Prίnce ofWales; Sophie Papageorgiou, Lίbrarίan of the Gennadίus Lίbrary; and Fani-Marίe Tsigakou, Guest Curator of the Gennadeion 's recent exhίbitίon of Lear watercolors, at the Goulandrί.~ Museum in Athens. Photo, rίght : The Presίdent of Greece, Constantίne Stephanopoulos, examίne.~ α book during his vis'it to the Gennadeίon ίn December, arranged by Sophίe Papageorgiou, Lίbrarίan of the Gennadίus Lίbrary, and Demos Archivίst Alikί Asvestas. From left to rίght: Sophίe Papageorgiou; Apo.vtolos Doxίadis, Trt4Stee of the Gennadίus Lίbrary; and Presίdent Stephanopoulos.

Student Reports My dissertation aims to provide a chro­ sanctuaries were for a time ope11Ιy recep­ contί nιι ed fιnιn ρage Ι nological fΓamework for understanding in­ tive to ιnairιland tre11ds, only to fall abruptly ternal developments on Crete from ca. 600 out of co11tact at ide11tifiable poi11ts i11 the material culture is all the moΓe suφΓising, to 400 B.C. While Ι draw on a wide range fifth ce11tury. It appears demo11strable, for given that the Cretan cities, by any measuΓe of evidence, including epigraphic, numis­ example, that the aftermath of the First of polίs development, were on a par with, matic, and literary, Ι concentrate on the one Pelopo1111esia11 War a11d the ascendancy of or even ahead of, the cities on the Greek category of abunda11t evidence capable of Athe11s i11 the Aegea11 had profou11d reper­ mainland during the late eighth and seventh precise dating: the pottery. cussiol1s 011 Crete a11d its foreig11 relatio11s . centuries-the period, according to At Κnossos, deposits exist in sufficient As it did during the Persia11 Wars, Crete Homer's boast, of a hundred CΓetan poleίs. numbeΓ to foΓmulate a full local seque11ce stayed out of the fray i11 the co11f1icts be­ By the fourth century, when Crete resur­ ofblack-glazed potteΓy spanning the end of tweel1 Athens and Sparta but remained a po­ faces in the historical record, philosophers the sixth century through the fifth. The fifth tential ally 011 the Pelop01111esian side and and political theorists have transformed it ce11tury is eωergi11g as a critical tur11i11g a possible threat to Athe11s. into a model of social and political stagna­ poi11t i11 the life ot· K11ossos, a time whe11 The full expla11atio11 for Crete's cha11g­ tion. This attitude, coupled with the "gaps" 11ew sa11ctuaΓies were established, old ones i11g fortu11es may prove to be more coiηplex. observed in the archaeological record, have were revitalized, a11d the post-Mi11oan city 011e of my primary aims is to offer a chro- fueled modern notions of the sixth and fifth took shape. Ι am i11corporati11g additio11al 11ological structure, at the local level, that centuries as a time of massive decline, ex­ illumi11ati11g ωaterial from 11early all the will e11able us to appreciate the i11dividual plainable by natural disasters, internal war­ other major post-Mi11oan sites of Ce11tral city-states as separate entities, each pos­ fare, or widespread abandonment. Crete, includi11g Phaestos, Gortyn, and sessil1g its own local histoιγ They did 110t U11til now theΓe has been no effort made Kommos, as well as comparative material 11ecessarily act i11 concert, a11d they may to establish a definitive chronology for the froω selected sites i11 the easter11 a11d west­ have felt the effects of ωajor historical development of ceramic forms at any clas­ erl1 portio11s of the island. eve11ts i11 differe11t ways. A11other objective sical site on the island. Rarely do we en­ Crete is 11ow appeari11g to have had vary­ is to detenηi11e the exact 11ature of the "de­ counter such ωajot' gaps i11 a local pottery il1g degrees of co11tact with the mainla11d clil1e" on Crete: if it happe11ed at all, how sequence elsewheΓe in the ancient Mediter­ a11d the wider GΓeek woΓld at diffeΓel1t u11ifoπη it was across the isla11d, how sud­ ranean world, let alone find a11 entiΓe region poi11ts in its history. The loss of tΓade col1- del1ly it occuπed, and how lo11g it lasted. bereft of datable pottery. More than any 11 ections ca11 be measured by breaks i11 the other factor, these perceived gaps i11 the imported pottery seque11ces a11d otheΓ Brίce Erίckson ceramic sequence foster the negative pic­ changes in the material culture. Α s uφri s ­ Burt Hoclge Hίll Fellow ture of classical CΓete. ing co11clusio11 is that a number of cities a11d 1998-99

18 Foz Cδa Is Hale and Hearty Campaign to Match Challenge Grant

Our far-flung coπespondent , Jeanette -Nears Completion Nolen (ASCSA SS1965), has been work­ The drive to match the Natίonal Endowment for the Hύmanitίes ' Challenge Grant ing on Roman glass and pottery in for renovating and modemίzing the Gennadius Library is nearing its $2.5 million Alcabideche, Portugal, for the last twenty goal, over a year ahead of schedule. years. As aπ alumna who enjoys this News­ The final push began in September, at a dinner hosted by U.S. Ambassador to letter, she sends the following good news Greece, Nicholas Burns, and his wife, Elizabeth Baylies-Bums, at the Embassy Resi­ about the preservation of palaeolithic dence in Athens. Ambassador Bums, who has been a staunch supporter of the School petroglyphs on the site of the Cδa Valley and the Gennadeion since he came to Athens, welcomed to his house some fifty guests Archaeological Park, which she recently including Gennadeion Trustees Apostolos Doxiadis and Elias Stassinopou\os and visited in an unofficial capacity. President of the Library, Catherine Vanderpool. Notίng the importance of the Library The park, a candidate for UNESCO to Greece and to the United States alike, the Ambassador set the tone for the evening, World Heritage status, now protects not which resulted in pledges of $70,000 to the campaign. Α benefit at the Greek Em­ only the actual rock formations with their bassy in Washington in February is expected to net almost as much. engraved and paίnted figures from both Major gifts in the past six months have included $200,000 from the A.G. Leventis prehistoric and hίstoric periods but also the Foundation, $50,000 from the Horace W. Goldsmith Foundation (part of a $100,000 suπounding countryside ίη which the art pledge), $50,000 from the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation, and was first conceived. Α strong educational $50,000 from the Samourkas Foundation (also part of a $100,000 pledge). In addi­ effort has made the local inhabίtants aware tion, a gift of $600,000 from the Chairman of the Library's Board, Lloyd Ε. Cotsen, of the economic possibilities as well as ar­ has helped bring the campaign within $100,000 of the $2.5 million needed to com­ tistic significance of the large open-air site. plete the four-to-one match for the NEH's $625,000 grant. The goal now is to put th.e Vίsitors are taken in all-teπaίn vehicles campaign over the top a year ahead of the July, '00 deadline. on dirt tracks to establίshed centers where Including the ΝΕΗ grant, the amount raised for the Library will total $3.125 rnil­ they are given illustrated folders and talks lion. Just over half of the grant and matching funds, or $1.7 million, wίll go to the by trained bilingual docents or archaeolo­ building project, while $1.1 rnillion is earmarked for endowment and $223,000 for gists. Α museum is to be constructed ο π the preservation and access. foundations of a dam that the authorities have wίsely decίded not to complete. Το vίsit the site, a reservatίon is ίη or­ der. You may contact them by e-mail at [email protected]; through the Intemet at http://fozcoa.min-cultura.pt; by fax at +351.79.765.257; or by telephone at +351. 79.764.317. The authoritative volume on InMemoriam the site is J. Zilhiio, ed., Arte Rupestro e Pre­ Hίstorίa do Vale de Cδα : Trabalhos de 1995- 1996. Constance Holden Curry Doreen Canaday Spίtzer Burnham Constance Holden Curry (Mount Mellon Fellow Holyoke '31 , Columbia ' 33, a student of continuedfrom page 17 William Bell Dinsmoor) was a Member of vatίons has confirmed the coπectness of our the School from 193 ~ to 1937, as one of the research methods in establishίng the chro­ "regulars," wίth LoUise Capps Scranton, nology of the archaeologicallayers, based working in the early excavations of the primaήly on the stamped amphora handles, Agora. On occasion, Louise remembers, the precisely dated by Virgίnia Grace, and also two of them cooked for bachelors Dick on coins and pottery. Howland and Rodney Young in their little The on-sίte lectures that Ι was able to house on Odhos Souidias. attend ίπ the Agora, the Kerameikos, and Later Connie lived with her husband, a elsewhere, thanks to the kind peπnissίon of doctor (as was her father) in Peekskill , ΝΥ, Ronald S. Stroud, the School's Mellon Pro­ where she was a Director of the bank, Trea­ fessor, were most instructive. surer of the Episcopal church, and active My stay in Athens was enormously help­ participant in civic affairs-a public hous­ ful ίη solving even more problems in my ing home for the aged honors her name. She work than Ι have been able to mention in remained a cheerfully contributing ftiend of this brief report, not only because of such the School until her death in 1996. Her gen­ full access to the marvelous Library but also erosity lives on in the handsome legacy of thanks to the friendlίness of all the School 's $125,000, which has just come to the Constance Holclen Cuπy w ίtlι fe llow student employees, for which Ι would like to ex­ ASCSA. Ri clωrd Η. Hωv lancl, n o~v Trustee Emeritus press here my heartfelt gratitude. Doreen Canaday Spίtze r of th.e Sc lι oo l.

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Anatoli a College in Thessaloni ki has as White Slip Ware. The conference will re­ Το All Members: establi shed the Michael S. Dukakis Chair sult in a Festschrift. In addition, the i11 Public Policy and Service to honor Gov­ Eberhard-Karls-U ni versitat Ttibingen and New Regulations for e Γn OΓ Dnkakis, for me Γ governor of Massa­ the Uni versity of Athens prese11ted ΜΓ. School Storage, Parking, chusetts and 1968 Preside11ti al candidate. Wiener with honorary doctorates in recog­ Car Permits G ove rn o Γ Dukakis, who has also se Γ νe d nition of hi s scholarl y achi evements, in­ since 1995 ο ι1 the Gennadius Libra ι- y Board cluding hi s contributions to the understand­ The main apotheke in Loring Hall, ofTrnstees, was cited by the Coll ege for hi s ing of Bronze Age chronology. home to a generation and more of suit­ integrity and character, lifelong commit­ cases and boxes left behind by former ~ ment to public policy and se Γν i ce , and ex­ Members, will be emptied at the end of John ΜcΚ. Camp 11, Director of the emplary abilities as a teacher. Α gala cel­ 1999. Anything not claimed by that time Agora Excavati ons, deli vered a talk entitled ebrati on, he ld in Boston 0 11 October 30, will be junked, in preparation for con­ ' Έx pl o ra ti o n in the Heartland of Democ­ ιη a rk ed the establishment of the C h aiΓ . verting the space into an exercise room. racy: The Archaeology of Ancient Athens Also scheduled for cleaning is the base­ a11d the Athenian Agora" at the S. Dillon ment of the new extension to the Blegen Ripley Intern ati onal Center of the Library. Although the future use ofthis Smithsonian Institution in Deceιηbe r. Or­ space remains undecided, the end is ganized by the ASCSA and the Council of near for the old computer equipment, American Overseas Research Centers, the tables, chairs, beds, mattresses, and mis­ event was u11der the patronage of the Am­ cellaneous household items that now fill bassador of Greece and Mrs. Alexander the area. Το resol ve the problem of the Philon, who honored Mr. Camp and the congested parking lot, from now on the School at an Embassy dinner following the School will provide parking only for lecture. cars that are in active use on a more or ~ less daily basis. Cars used only during The Samothrace Excavati ons, under the the summer will have to be stored else­ direction of James R. McCredie, former where after the summer of 1999. The Director of the School and former Chair of days of "tax-free" cars in Greece are the Managing Committee, recently pub­ now only a memory, yet the School con­ Ma lc olnι Wί e n e ι; ASCSA Trιι s tee , at tlι e li shed new Engli sh and Greek editions of tinues to maintain a list of cars for which Sclι oo / party ce /e b ra tί ng l1ίs Ιωηοι-α ry deg ι ·ee . Karl Lehmann's Samothrace: Α Guίde to it assumes some degree of responsibil­ the Exca vat ίons and the Museum, 6th ed., ity. This will end as of September 1999, In October, ASCSA Trustee Malcolm Thessaloniki 1998. Mr. McCredie supplied by which time individual Members Η. Wiener, who is also President of the a new preface, Ioannis Akamatis (Uni ver­ must take on the responsibility of his/ Board ofτt-u s tees at the Institute for Aegean sity of Thessal oniki) translated the Greek her car registration and insurance. The Prehi story, was honored at a confe rence in edition, and Demetri Matsas, Epίme letίs in School will continue to assist Members Ni cosia, Cyprus, which focused on a type charge of Samothrace, contributed a section who plan on being in Greece for more of Cypriot pottery popular in the Mediter­ on excavations of the Archaeological Ser­ than three months in obtaining resi­ raneal1 begi1111ing ca. 1600 B.C. and known vice at other sites 0 11 the island. dency permits.

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