Remote Sensing with Navigation : Recent Activities and Results J. Wickert C. Arras, G. Beyerle, M. Bender, J. Chen, Z. Deng, G. Dick, C. Falck, F. Flechtner, C. Förste, M. Ge, G. Gendt, A. Haser, S. Heise, M. Ramatschi, T. Schmidt , M. Semmling, R. Stosius

German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Germany

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 1 The German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 The German Research Centre for Geosciences

Potsdam near Berlin

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Department Geodesy and Remote Sensing

Wickert et al., GFZ Potsdam TelegrafenbergCOPUOS. (GFZ) Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 2 Atmosphere/Ionosphere Sounding with GPS

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS: A story of success

Positioning

Remote sensing

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 1995: GPS operational

2006: operational use of GPS for numerical weather forecast

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Symbiosis: Positioning and Remote Sensing with GPS Temperature and water vapor Water and ice surfaces Water vapor Electron density

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS ground station Potsdam

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Vertically integrated water vapor

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global GPS ground network

~200 stations analyzed at GFZ

Some stations since 1993, different climate zones

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Regional ground networks: E.g., Germany

Water vapor information in near-real time, operational use in weather forecast

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Recent extension: Slants and 3D water vapor

Integrated water vapor along LOS is the base for 3D reconstructions

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS tomography: Towards 3D water vapor

3D water vapor distribution above Germany

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS radio occultation

Wickert [GFZ], 2002 Key properties: global coverage, all-weather, calibration free, very precise, high vertical resolution very attractive for weather forecast, climate and atmospheric research

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Navigation receivers for occultations on satellites

GFZ

CHAMP (since 2000) GRACE (since 2002) TerraSAR/TanDEM-X

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Metop (since 2006) (6; since 2006)

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GFZ receiving station at Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen

~79 ° N Airstrip

Village of Ny Alesund Harbour

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Improvements of typhoon forecasts with GPS: e.g., Ernesto (2006) With GPS Without GPS

Liu, NCAR

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global Temperature Trends from GPS data 2001-2008

Schmidt [GFZ] et al., 2010

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global water vapor distribution from GPS data

CHAMP + GRACE + COSMIC

Mean specific humidity at 4 km altitude October 2006 Heise [GFZ] et al., 2008

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 3 GPS reflections

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Remote Sensing with Reflected GNSS

Direct signals LEO S P G

Reflected signals

Earth

Applications • Ocean Altimetry (topography, circulation) • Scatterometry (sea state, surface winds) • Atmospheric and Ionospheric Imaging T. Yunck

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Space based ocean and ice reflections (as seen by CHAMP)

(red – with reflection ; blue - without reflection ) 5 months of CHAMP occultation data (Beyerle et al. 2002, JGR)

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Recent ESA-Project: Reflections over sea ice in Greenland

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Disco bay, West Greeland View from GPS reflectometry measuring place

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Photo: M. Soerensen (DMI) Monitoring of tides in Greenland with GPS

• Very promising results • max. tide amplitude 2 m • Tide model in coastal region not optimal

Semmling [GFZ] et al., 2011, GRL

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Flight experiments

Zeppelin NT Research aircraft HALO

Bild: Christoph Hormann (earth.imagico.de)

GPS reflectometry; occultations

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Example: GPS-Reflektometrie mit HALO

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GNSS reflectometry for Tsunami detection with satellites in (LEO)

GITEWS German- Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (2005-2009)

GNSS Research project for next generation satellite based system (receiver + simulations)

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Satellite constellation for GNSS reflectometry (Simulation study)

Satellite ground (450 km orbit altitude, 60 °inclination)

18 Sat., 3 planes, 15 min

GPS GLONASS GALILEO

Wickert et al., GFZ Stosius [GFZ] et al. 2010 COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Detection results for Sumatra tsunami

• GPS and Galileo alone show similar detection performance • GLONASS performance worse because incomplete in 2004 • Best performance when all GNSS signals can be received simultaneously

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 EGU 2009, SM4.2/NH6.2 Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warnings New and small GPS receivers aboard small satellites

Understanding of the GPS receiver as a scientific „remote sensing“ sensor

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Small satellite constellation for Earth Observation with navigation satellites Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 4 Vision and outlook

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Geodetic based Global Change Monitoring (key component GNSS)

GPS GLONASS BEIJDOU GALILEO

COSMIC (6) TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X

GOCE Cryosat Jason-1 GRACE VLBI Laser

GRACE-FO PRARE Minisatellite Aircrafts, constellation Global and e.g. HALO regional GPS networks Future satellite mission Geodetic observatories Buoys, Ships

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global Change Monitoring with GNSS

Gravity field Atmosphere • Ice Mass Loss • Temperature and water • Hydrological Cycle vapor monitoring • Sea level change • Tropopause change • Global isostatic adjustment

Altimetry Geohazards • GPS contribution to • Sea level change, Ice caps early warning systems • Tide gauges • Monitoring of surface • Satellite orbits deformations

Ionosphere Reference frames • GPS based ionosphere monitoring • Provision and monitoring • Climatologies, perturbations of geodetic reference • Coupling Sun-Earth system frame including Earth Orientation

Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011