Remote Sensing with Navigation Satellites: Recent Activities and Results J. Wickert C. Arras, G. Beyerle, M. Bender, J. Chen, Z. Deng, G. Dick, C. Falck, F. Flechtner, C. Förste, M. Ge, G. Gendt, A. Haser, S. Heise, M. Ramatschi, T. Schmidt , M. Semmling, R. Stosius
German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Germany
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 1 The German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 The German Research Centre for Geosciences
Potsdam near Berlin
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Department Geodesy and Remote Sensing
Wickert et al., GFZ Potsdam TelegrafenbergCOPUOS. (GFZ) Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 2 Atmosphere/Ionosphere Sounding with GPS
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS: A story of success
Positioning
Remote sensing
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 1995: GPS operational
2006: operational use of GPS for numerical weather forecast
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Symbiosis: Positioning and Remote Sensing with GPS Temperature and water vapor Water and ice surfaces Water vapor Electron density
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS ground station Potsdam
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Vertically integrated water vapor
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global GPS ground network
~200 stations analyzed at GFZ
Some stations since 1993, different climate zones
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Regional ground networks: E.g., Germany
Water vapor information in near-real time, operational use in weather forecast
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Recent extension: Slants and 3D water vapor
Integrated water vapor along LOS is the base for 3D reconstructions
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS tomography: Towards 3D water vapor
3D water vapor distribution above Germany
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GPS radio occultation
Wickert [GFZ], 2002 Key properties: global coverage, all-weather, calibration free, very precise, high vertical resolution very attractive for weather forecast, climate and atmospheric research
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Navigation receivers for occultations on satellites
GFZ
CHAMP (since 2000) GRACE (since 2002) TerraSAR/TanDEM-X
FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Metop (since 2006) (6; since 2006)
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GFZ satellite receiving station at Ny Alesund, Spitsbergen
~79 ° N Airstrip
Village of Ny Alesund Harbour
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Improvements of typhoon forecasts with GPS: e.g., Ernesto (2006) With GPS Without GPS
Liu, NCAR
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global Temperature Trends from GPS data 2001-2008
Schmidt [GFZ] et al., 2010
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global water vapor distribution from GPS data
CHAMP + GRACE + COSMIC
Mean specific humidity at 4 km altitude October 2006 Heise [GFZ] et al., 2008
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 3 GPS reflections
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Remote Sensing with Reflected GNSS
Direct signals LEO S P G
Reflected signals
Earth
Applications • Ocean Altimetry (topography, circulation) • Scatterometry (sea state, surface winds) • Atmospheric and Ionospheric Imaging T. Yunck
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Space based ocean and ice reflections (as seen by CHAMP)
(red – with reflection ; blue - without reflection ) 5 months of CHAMP occultation data (Beyerle et al. 2002, JGR)
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Recent ESA-Project: Reflections over sea ice in Greenland
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Disco bay, West Greeland View from GPS reflectometry measuring place
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Photo: M. Soerensen (DMI) Monitoring of tides in Greenland with GPS
• Very promising results • max. tide amplitude 2 m • Tide model in coastal region not optimal
Semmling [GFZ] et al., 2011, GRL
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Flight experiments
Zeppelin NT Research aircraft HALO
Bild: Christoph Hormann (earth.imagico.de)
GPS reflectometry; occultations
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Example: GPS-Reflektometrie mit HALO
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 GNSS reflectometry for Tsunami detection with satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
GITEWS German- Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (2005-2009)
GNSS Research project for next generation satellite based system (receiver + simulations)
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Satellite constellation for GNSS reflectometry (Simulation study)
Satellite ground (450 km orbit altitude, 60 °inclination)
18 Sat., 3 planes, 15 min
GPS GLONASS GALILEO
Wickert et al., GFZ Stosius [GFZ] et al. 2010 COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Detection results for Sumatra tsunami
• GPS and Galileo alone show similar detection performance • GLONASS performance worse because incomplete in 2004 • Best performance when all GNSS signals can be received simultaneously
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 EGU 2009, SM4.2/NH6.2 Earthquake and Tsunami Early Warnings New and small GPS receivers aboard small satellites
Understanding of the GPS receiver as a scientific „remote sensing“ sensor
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Small satellite constellation for Earth Observation with navigation satellites Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 4 Vision and outlook
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Geodetic based Global Change Monitoring (key component GNSS)
GPS GLONASS BEIJDOU GALILEO
COSMIC (6) TerraSAR-X TanDEM-X
GOCE Cryosat Jason-1 GRACE VLBI Laser
GRACE-FO PRARE Minisatellite Aircrafts, constellation Global and e.g. HALO regional GPS networks Future satellite mission Geodetic observatories Buoys, Ships
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011 Global Change Monitoring with GNSS
Gravity field Atmosphere • Ice Mass Loss • Temperature and water • Hydrological Cycle vapor monitoring • Sea level change • Tropopause change • Global isostatic adjustment
Altimetry Geohazards • GPS contribution to • Sea level change, Ice caps early warning systems • Tide gauges • Monitoring of surface • Satellite orbits deformations
Ionosphere Reference frames • GPS based ionosphere monitoring • Provision and monitoring • Climatologies, perturbations of geodetic reference • Coupling Sun-Earth system frame including Earth Orientation
Wickert et al., GFZ COPUOS. Vienna, Feb. 11, 2011