International Rescue Committee
Multi-sectoral rapid assessment: Borno and Adamawa States
January 2016 report
Nigeria
Sectors: Food security, Health, Nutrition, Environmental Health, Education, Child Protection, Women’s Protection and Empowerment and Protection Monitoring Contact: Sarah Ndikumana, Country Director ([email protected] ) Data Collection: 25 January – 29 January, 2016 BACKGROUND
Adamawa and Borno are two of the three states most affected by the insurgency in the north east (NE) part of Nigeria. This conflict has affected 221 out of the 27 LGAs in Borno and 7 2out of the 21 LGAs in Adamawa. As of the first quarter of 2016, many LGAs remain inaccessible with others beocming accessible but deeply impacted by Boko Haram’s presence in those areas. As a result of the continued conflict, there has been an on-going influx of IDPs from the local communities in Borno to the heart of Maiduguri city which led into establishment of more than 22 IDP camps. Adamawa has experienced relative calm since mid-2015 which led to the reduction from over 10 formal government-run IDP camps to three by end 2015. However, according to the IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) as of February 2016, Adamawa has an estimated IDP population of 132,626 while Borno has 1,525,404 which gives a total of 1,658,030 IDPs for both states3. As such, there remain a huge number of displaced people impacted by the conflict and needs continue to escalate.
The IRC was compelled to conduct a multi-rapid assessment in both Adamawa and Borno due to certain factors: a) the last round of assessments for Yola and Mubi operational areas in Adamawa state were conducted in March and June 2015, and b) In Borno, the last round of assessment was conducted in July 2015 and with the opening of a new fieldsite in Maiduguri, it was imperative to gather data that would inform programming in its early stages.
This assessment is aimed at identifying the humanitarian needs, gaps, existing structures and response strategies that will shape understanding of the needs on the ground and how the response can be tailored to meet these layered needs.
During the assessment process, the IRC worked closely with the local partners, Center for Caring Empowerment and Peace Initiatives (CCEPI) and Goggoji Zumunchi Development Initiative (GZDI) in the assessment design and planning, data collection, community mobilization and engagement during the exercise. For purposes of tools clarity for both enumerators and respondents, the questionnaires were administered in Hausa, Fulfulde and Kanuri local dialects in 10 different LGAs of Adamawa and Borno state, including both urban and rural settings, as well as different profiles of conflict-affected within the population.
1 Reference to being conflict-affected is to LGAs that were either once under the occupation of the insurgents or frequently suffer repeated attacks of insurgents though suicide bombings of open fire confrontation 2 Mubi South, Mubi North, Hong, Maiha, Hong, Michika and Madagali 3 http://nigeria.iom.int/dtm
2 | P a g e
KEY FINDINGS
Food Security and Nutrition key findings:
62% of respondents in Adamawa and 65% in Borno are not aware of or accessing any nutrition programs being implemented in their respective communities.
66% of the respondent in Adamawa and Borno reported that the nutrition condition of their children has not improved since their displacement began.
Average food consumption score in Adamawa is 72, which falls within the acceptable status, but 15% are in borderline and poor status showing their high vulnerability for future food security issues.
Findings from the surveyed households report having used coping strategies to access food or income to purchase food, average reduced coping strategy index is reported to be 9.
15% of the surveyed household in Adamawa get their sources of food from food for work; food aid; gifts from friend and loan.
77% of the respondents in Adamawa reported to have no better income while prices of essential food and non-food items continues to increase.
Health and Environmental Health key findings:
84% of healthcare workers in Borno and 73% in Adamawa reported insufficient drug stocks in their health facilities.
53% of the respondent trek over one hour to access health services in Borno while 15% do the same in Adamawa
73% of the respondents, including IDPs, reported to be paying for all health services in Adamawa and 41% in Borno
20% of the population polled declared that water points around their location are broken or non-functional
47% of the people surveyed reported more than one latrine filled up at the household level
Education and Child Protection key findings:
50% of teachers in Borno and 23% in Adamawa reported having no teaching materials in the school
3 | P a g e
40% in Adamawa and Borno reported no trained teachers in those schools where schools are now open
32% of respondants reported multiple cases of children under the age of 2 who had been separated from their usual caregivers within the past month.
75% of respondents reported being unaware of any institution supporting separated and unaccompanied children in their communities
63% of respondents affirmed that they knew of children involved in work in their community.
Women protection and protection key findings:
62% of the respondents in Adamawa and Borno are concerned about their safety in their current locations.
74% of the respondents in Adamawa and Borno reported they had never reported a human rights abuse they have witnessed.
60% of women in Adamawa and Borno reported that the incidence of gender based violence (GBV) have increased since the insurgency began
27% of women in Adamawa and Borno reported not to know where health services offering GBV services can be accessed in their vicinity
61% of displaced women in Adamawa and Borno go outside their community to earn an income to meet basic needs.
49% of the people surveyed in Adamawa and Borno agreed there are some tensions between the local population and the IDPs
80% of the people polled will return to their villages of origin if security allows
OBJECTIVES
The assessment had the following objectives: 1. To understand the current situation of IDPs, host communities, and returnees in the camps, informal settlements, and host communities of Yola, Mubi, and Maiduguri as well as their surrounding Local Government Areas (LGAs) 2. To identify the specific gaps and needs in services for the target population.
4 | P a g e
METHODOLOGY
Assessment population and Information gathering Methods In order to provide both quantitative and qualitative information, the assessment consisted of three main methods:
• Household Surveys carried out by cluster sampling which sought to provide quantitative information by households (IDPs and host communities) in Adamawa and Borno. • Key informant interviews on a representative sample to provide quantitative information by category of people (community leaders, women leaders, teachers and community members) in IDP camps and host communities in Adamawa and Borno • Community discussions or Focus Group Discussions in representative locations to provide qualitative information and allow communities to speak for themselves, by gender, category of people (IDPs, host communities) in Adamawa and Borno.
SAMPLING The sample of the assessment was designed to allow a broad understanding of the current state of needs among IDPs and host communities, at community, LGA, and state level. Based on IRC’s observations in the field, vulnerability profiles of these categories are indeed relatively consistent by State, provided one includes two types of settings: rural and urban. Additionally, attention was paid to gender in order to ensure equal gender representation that would allow gender dimension in the data collected and the synthesis would show the division of community needs from gender perspective.
A sample size with a very low acceptable margin of error (5%) and a high level of confidence (95%) was intended and it was determined that a sample size of 341 respondents by state would provide an accurate picture of each state’s needs for the purposes of decision making and improved response.
In Adamawa, surveyed households, key informants and communities were drawn from eight (8) of the most affected LGAs (Yola South, Yola North, Girei, Fufore, Maiha, Hong, Mubi North, Mubi South) while in Borno State two LGAs (Maiduguri Metropolitan Center and Jere) were assessed. Each LGA’s capital city, usually bearing the heaviest number of displaced people, was automatically included in the assessment. In each LGA, two wards were assessed: one rural ward and one urban ward. Lastly, in each selected ward, key informant and household questionnaires were administered.
For the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), the same LGAs were targeted, with one group of women, one group of men, one group of adolescent girls and one group of adolescent boys gathered from each category (IDPs, host communities and when there returnees) from randomly selected wards among those covered by the key informant and household survey. In total, the qualitative part of the assessment gathered information from thirty six (36) FGDs,
5 | P a g e
thus allowing the IDPs, including children, and host community populations to express their priority concerns and priority needs.
DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
45% of the surveyed population are living in Adamawa (Fufore, Girei, Yola South, Yola North) while 55% are in Borno (Maiduguri Metropolitan City (MMC) and Jere LGAs)
53% of the respondents were female while 47% were male
- 3% were children within the age of 5-17
- 9% were adult within the age of 18-25
- 29% were youth within the age of 26-35
- 49% were men and women within the age of 36-60
- 11% were elderly persons above 60
DETAILED FINDINGS
FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOODS. Frequency and quality/diversity of food consumed The food security data was concentrated more in Adamawa with findings that the average food consumption score is 72 which is considered acceptable. The figure below reflects the distribution of the households’ food consumption status into acceptable/borderline/poor categories.
Distribution of Food Consumption Score (FCS) in Profiles # % Adamawa 100% 0-21 (Poor food consumption) 10 5 80% 21.5 - 35 (Borderline food consumption) 21 10 60% 86% >35 (Acceptable food 40% consumption) 184 86
20% 10% 0% 5% >35 (Acceptable1 food consumption) 21.5 - 35 (Borderline food consumption) 0-21 (Poor food consumption)
6 | P a g e
Fig 1. FCS in Adamawa 86% of the assessed households on frequency of food consumption falls within the “acceptable status” 15% falls within the “borderline” and “poor” (see table and graph). A significant number of households in camps and host communities of Adamawa are thus having either a borderline or a poor score showing their vulnerability in terms of food accessibility and consumption. This could be due to several factors such as lack of access to land to carry out agricultural activities, access to any opportunities to an income, and access to food distributions. Main sources of food and income comparison When household food stocks are exhausted, people rely first on food purchases in the market. However, in a community where income generation is very low, the people consider series of food sources for their survival. The graph below shows the distribution and shows that most food is purchased, but as details lay out below many have to borrow or receive cash from others which then allows them to directly purchase. As such, 69% may say they purchase food in the market, but the means they use to obtain the cash for purchasing the food varies and in many cases is gained in risky or insecure ways.
SourceGift from of friends food or in the last 7 days relatives Own production 2% Food Aid 15% Hunting/ 11% fishing/wild food Food for work 1% 1% Loan 1%
Purchase 69%
Fig 2. Sources of food During the month of December about 61.8 % of the respondents or some members of their family borrowed money to get essential food for their family. The money borrowed was channelled into food as well as to cover health expenses and other basic needs including agricultural tools and inputs. Compared to the month of December, in terms of household income, only 20% of respondents consider that the household income has increased during the period of assessment, but for 80% of them their household income compared to last month is either the same or lower demonstrating the on-going, now chronic lack of sufficient income amongst the conflict-affected population to meet basic needs through income generation and other livelihoods activities. Nb % Items 1= same 69 37% 2=higher 43 23%
7 | P a g e
3=lower 76 40% Fig 3. Comparison of income
NUTRITION This assessment gathered only general information about the nutritional situation in the NE. To gain sufficient, in-depth information on the nutritional situation in NE Nigeria a proper SMART survey needs to be conducted on SAM and MAM rates in Adamawa and Borno. Until that is possible, IRC is only able to provide information from the 2015 report of SMART survey conducted by UNICEF, in which the prevalence rate of severe and acute malnutrition (SAM) are reaching the critical thresholds at 9.5% and 2.5% respectively. 4 However, for the population in Adamawa, IRC found that 62% of respondents were not aware of available CMAM programs while 65% in Borno were not aware of CMAM in their immediate environment. This has affected a high number of children in the camps and communities as they do therefore not enroll into the CMAM program. while lack of awareness and knowledge of CMAM programs is the main reason, other barriers mentioned were the distance from the community to the nutritional centre, religious and cultural beliefs which inhibit engagement in the program, and transport challenges such as a poor network and inability to pay the transport costs to the treatment center. Status of children: Situation over Time 82 % of household surveyed in Adamawa admitted that the nutrition status of their children has improved compared to the past through the strengthening of nutritional program. In Borno the situation is different, only 44% of the household surveyed agreed that the current situation of their children has improved. Therefore the scope and coverage of nutrition program needs to be strengthened in Borno likewise in Adamawa state.
HEALTH
Distance to health facilities and health care In Adamawa, 87% of respondents reported their place of residence is located less than 30 minutes from the nearest health facility while in Borno 47% reported the same. Due to the fact that most are urban displacements within the two states, distance is less of a barrier to access for the population than other issues.
Adamawa Borno Time it takes to reach nearest # of # of health facility respondents % respondents % Less than 30 minutes 166 87% 22 47% 1-2 hours 23 12% 18 38% 2-4 hours 1 1% 1 2% More than 4 hours 1 1% 6 13% Total 191 100% 47 100%
4 Humanitarian Action for Children, UNICEF 2015
8 | P a g e
Cost of medical care 73% percent of the population surveyed reported paying for their health care in Adamawa, while 41% in Borno reported paying for health care. In Adamawa those who paid for their health care are from the informal camps and host communities. Those living in the government-run camps reported receiving mostly free access to medical services as there are small camp clinics in each formal camp. Those who responded reported no specialized treatment was received due to their status as displaced persons and facilities did not offer free or reduced services to them, but expected them to pay in the same manner as all other members of the population. In this way, IDPs reported difficulty in covering the fees which they were required to pay at non-official camp clinics and health facilities.
Presence of qualified heath workers and emergency services The number of health workers required to adequately treat patients in the respective health facilities was reported as insufficient. In many health facilities, there is not a medical doctor or qualified midwives for deliveries. Health worker respondents cited lack of first time and or refresher trainings as a major issue which impacted their ability to provide high quality services for the population. Regarding the access to health facilities in emergencies, 64% of the people interviewed in Adamawa and 30% in Borno knew how and when to access the health facilities in such cases. However, no health facilities in rural LGAs or even urban settings offered any comprehensive services outside regularly scheduled hours. As such and in both states, the main factors which had a prohibitive impact on individuals accessing health facilities in cases in emergency are:
- The lack of availability of service 24/7 - poor road access and available means of transport - distance of the health facility to their house - the inability to make a call to a staff on duty in the nearest health facility to inform them of the need for emergency services
Availability of drugs According to those surveyed, only 26.7% of health centres had a drug stock to cover health care for patients for a period of at least the next three months in Adamawa while in Borno only 16% reported having a sufficient drug stock. In addition, there were varying quantities and types of drugs available with few speciality medications available in the facilities. While there are multiple hospitals in Yola, Mubi, and Maiduguri cities, the displaced population had little if any access to them due to their cost although they were better stocked with the drugs necessary to treat some of their conditions. For those living in more rural areas, health facilities had even less sufficient drug stocks and were replenished less frequently than those in more urban areas.
9 | P a g e
EDUCATION
Access to education For nearly 90% of respondents, said there is a functional school near their home. This response was equal between IDPs living in camps as well as informal settlements and host communities. It was also true for returnees. For 10% of the respondents who stated there was not functional school close to their camps/settlement and community, the reasons cited were:
- No building (building destroyed by Boko Haram in most instances) - No school equipment or materials; - There are no teachers in the area; - Teachers were not being paid so refused to continue working - Parent did not send their children to school as they were unable to buy school materials or unable to pay schools fees leading to inadequate attendance
Availability of teaching materials 77% of respondents in Adamawa report some teaching materials available in schools while in Borno 50% of respondents report a minimum of materials being available. The basic package of teaching materials includes a 1) note book, 2) text book, 3) chart, 4) black board/white board, 5) chalk and 6) stationary. Availability of teachers Respondents report that 60% of teachers in the schools of the surveyed areas in Borno and Adamawa have received some sort of educational training. The remaining 40% of teachers in the assessed areas have training in another area (17%), are untrained teachers (11%), and are neither trained or teachers but members of the community who volunteered (10%).
TYPE OF TEACHERS AVAILABLE IN THE SCHOOL Community NGO staff members 2% 10%
Untrained teachers 11% Trained teachers 60%
Professionals from other fields 17%
According to the key informants 92% of teachers in Adamawa and 67% in Borno are paid, 87% of the respondent who agree the teachers are being paid in Adamawa said they are paid by the
10 | P a g e government while 72% of the respondent in Borno also said the teachers are being paid by government.
Adamawa Maiduguri Institution that paid teacher # of # of salaries respondents % respondents % NGO 20 13% 6 17% Government 130 87% 26 72% Community 12 8% 4 11%
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Access to Water The main sources of water are water points (boreholes), river, streams and surface water. 20% of the population polled declared that water points around their location are broken or non-functional. The government-run IDP camps offer higher numbers and better functioning boreholes with accompanying water points than informal settlements and host communities. IDPs in host communities also reported walking further to access water points and several water points which were broken or inaccessible as fees were required to access them. In host communities, populations reported pumps breaking frequently from over-use and high demand due to fewer pumps available in the community. Many IDPs in informal settlements and host communities are required to pay for water and report being unable to pay the 20 Naira fee for a 10 liter jerry can of water.
Access to Sanitation 47% of the people surveyed reported at least one latrine filled up at the household level. For now it is difficult to know exactly the number of those latrines filled up. Doing it requests a deep assessment at the level of each community and each household, but obviously it is clear that there is a real need to help the population to create new latrines or to empty those which are filled up. There are significant issues around vector control, drainage systems, and solid waste management in the host communities as well as the informal settlements and even the camps of both Borno and Adamawa.
Hygiene Promotion 23% of the population surveyed classifies their general hygiene as good. The percentage of population reporting to wash their hands at the five critical moment of the days is 57%. However, in the context with threats like Lassa fever, Ebola, cholera and severe diarrhea including dysentery, there is clearly still an issue with hygiene awareness and knowledge.
11 | P a g e
CHILD PROTECTION
Unaccompanied and Separated Children According to more than 50% of the respondents during the rapid assessment, children who have been separated from their usual caregivers since the attacks by Boko Haram are present in the camp/ community/settlement.
Grand Total Presence of separated or unaccompanied children State Frequency % Adamawa 76 51% Yes Borno 30 57% Adamawa 52 35% No Borno 17 32% Adamawa 21 14% Does not know Borno 6 11%
Acording to the responses from the respondants, the main causes of separation are: 1. Lose of caregivers/children due to medical evacuation 2. Lose of caregivers/children during relocation 3. Caregivers voluntarily send children to institutional care 4. Caregivers voluntarily send their children to extended family/friends 5. Caregivers voluntarily send their children to work far from parent 6. Continued disappearance of children 7. Abduction by Boko Haram 8. Separated while fleeing Boko Haram attack 32% of the respondant reported multiple cases of infants or young children under the age of 2 who had been separated from their usual caregivers within the past month. 33% reported there are unaccompanied children under 5 among them and unaccompanied children are mainly between 5 and 14 years of age. For 75% of respondents, there is no known institution that supports unaccompanied and separated children. For institutions that exist, the services were listed as 1) day care, 2) residential care, and 3) recreational care.
Psychosocial Distress and Community Support Mechanisms 52% of those interviewed in the Adamawa and 36% in Borno report a change in the behaviour of their children since the insurgency began. Behavioural changes which have been observed include:
Less willingness to help caregivers and siblings ( for 33% of surveyed)
12 | P a g e
Less willingness to care for others in the community (20%) Having nightmares and/or not being able to sleep (19%) Sadness (e.g. not talking, not playing etc.) (15%) Unwillingness to go to school (15%) Less interested in education (13%) Helping parents less than before (12%) Violence against younger children (11%) Committing crimes (6%) Spending more time on sport and playing (6%) Disrespectful behaviour in the family (3%) Substance abuse (2%) Isolating themselves (2%)
Child Labor 63% of respondents affirmed that they knew of children involved in work in their community. There is a disparity between Adamawa and Borno with 70% in Adamawa affirming to have noticed children engaged in labour while 41% was reported in Borno. The main activities whose children are involved in are: 1. Farm work (39% of cases) 2. Domestic labour (33%) 3. Factory work (15%) 4. Mining (3%) 5. Transporting people or goods (2%) 6. Sexual transaction (1%)
Other areas of child labour which were mentioned include 1) building or construction work, 2) the selling of water, 3) the selling of firewood and 4) street begging.
Children associated with armed forces and armed groups
For 17% of the respondents, there are children working with or being used by armed forces or groups around their camp, village and community. The respondents reported that some of the children had guns, were operating checkpoints, cooking or cleaning for the military or other armed group.
WOMEN PROTECTION AND EMPOWERMENT
Access to Basic Services Women struggle to access services and report additional concerns beyond those of men when it comes to getting adequate support in their locations of displacement. As gathered from the focus group discussions conducted across the selected sites in Adamawa and Borno, while some respondents mentioned support provided by international humanitarian actors as easing their overall access to some services, the majority of adolescent and adult women reported being unable to access services because of the following reasons:
Priority is given to men,
13 | P a g e
No female staff providing services, Lack of sufficient medicines, namely reproductive health related, at the health facility, Girls/women not permitted to access their services by their families, Location of services are not convenient or considered safe for girls/women, Hours of services are not convenient for girls/women,
Gender-Based Violence (GBV) 60% of women reported that the incidents of sexual violence have dramatically increased since they’ve been in displacement. Sexual violence was reported to occur most often for girls/women in the following instances: 1. While collecting firewood (13%) 2. While collecting water (6%) 3. During armed group attacks (6%) 4. While travelling to the market (4%) 5. While at home (4%) 6. While at school (3%) 7. In common areas such as latrines/showers (2%) 11% the respondents reported knowing of a case of sexual abuse that was reported to the government, and INGO, UN or security personnel in the place of displacement. 52% said they knew of a GBV case which had not been reported to any organisation and 36% didn’t know how and where report. In terms of safety measures put in place by police and/or military forces to minimize any potential for risk to girls and women, those interviewed named the following actions:
Increase in number of police (16%)
Increase in number of female police officers (12%)
Police/peacekeeping patrols around the community (10%)
Community safety groups (16%)
Firewood collection patrols (9%)
Educating girls/women on how to report incidents (13%) In terms of availability of health service with GBV-specific services offered in their immediate environment, 60% of respondents reported knowing of health services in the vicinity, 27% did not have any nearby and 13% didn’t know. However, despite there being services related in some area where women and girls are located, the overwhelming response by women was that they did not seek services for any GBV-related incidents. The main reasons they did not come forward to seek services was:
Fear of being identified as a survivor and the associated stigma attached (21%) No availability of confidential treatment (5%) Lack of trained staff (2%)
14 | P a g e
Distance to health facility (3%) No female staff (1%)
Economic situation According to the respondents, to meet basic needs, 61% of displaced women go outside their community to earn income to meet basic needs. It was reported that women, particularly those who are displaced, resort to the following to gain income within their communities. 1. Begging (1%) 2. Collecting firewood for sale (11%) 3. Collecting straw for sale (2%) 4. Having sex in exchange for money (2%) 5. Domestic work (15%)
Protection
Human right issues 62% of respondents are concerned about their safety in their current locations. The main points of concern were related to potential for an attack under-taken by Boko Haram in their sites of displacement with fear about Boko Haram’s ability to advance and take new geographic territory or at least attack their current location. Respondents also reported feeling concerned about suicide bombings in their locations or areas where they circulate. There was also some concern about the presence of Nigerian military and their potential to harass and/or bother the population particularly for those going into and out of official government-run camps. Below are the main responses given by those interviewed:
General Insecurity Fear of violence Fear of molestation Fear of kidnapping Armed Robbery Most of the respondents (74%) reported they had never reported a human rights abuse they have witnessed. Of those who did report an abuse, 26% did it through the Police or Military, Community leader, religious leader, NEMA official, and/or INGO. Less than 50% affirmed to have in a community based mechanisms/structures in place that addresses communal/community issues. In terms of awareness session/training on human rights in their community, only 45% declared having been attended such an awareness-raising session offered by an INGO, Local NGOs, Faith Based Organizations, or CBO.
15 | P a g e
Tension between IDPs and Host Communities For 49% of the people surveyed agreed there are some tensions between the local population and the IDPs, The main reasons for these tensions are 1) denial to access community structures, 2) forceful marriage to our daughters,3) IDPs facing discrimination by host communities. To address these the tension between the local population and the IDPs, few respondents (less than 10%) mentioned they feel have witnessed few Community dialogue in their community.
IDP Willingness to Return to Areas of Origin 80% of the people polled will return to their villages of origin if security allows but none reported feeling their villages were sufficiently safe to allow them to return at present. The main conditions they cited to be in place as pre-conditions of their return were:
Presence of security personnel (19.1%) Means of livelihood restored (17.9%) Transportation support (14.6%) Rebuilding of homes (12.2%) For the 20% of respondents who said they are no longer willing or interested to return to their LGAs of origin, the reasons they cited were:
No longer want to live in rural area Lack of any livelihood activities No longer confident in short as well as long-term security Have nothing to return to anymore
PROPOSITIONS AND RECOMMANDATIONS
Based on the findings above, these are several key recommendations which could mitigate the gaps on IDP, returnees and vulnerable members’ of the host communities’ needs. These include: Strengthen food security support for people on or below the survival threshold through cash or food voucher programming. Increase livelihood programming, particularly agricultural support when possible and appropriate, for the IDPs and returnees so they can better meet with their basic needs and avoid negative coping strategies. Support increased rehabilitation and better equipping of health and nutrition centers to ease access to basic health and nutritional services. Increase training to community volunteers and mobilizers on basic environmental health including sanitation and hygiene messages. Put in place a system of close monitoring of cases enrolled in malnutrition program in order to reduce or avoid default cases along with strengthening community screenings and referrals.
16 | P a g e
Reinforce community outreach to conflict-affected populations regarding availability of free health care (with IRC-provided ID card) as well as malnutrition support at targeted health facilities. Liaise with all health facilities around the host communities to practice an open door policy and to treat IDPs and returnees free of charge. Strengthen and build the capacity of all health workers in key technical areas (RH, EPI, EMOC) in areas with high displaced and returnee presence. Support mechanisms to access the availability of adequate and appropriate latrines at the community level. Improve the water systems with the communities by ensuring the rehabilitation of inoperable water points and creating additional water sources. Work with communities to identify appropriate services supporting the safety and security of women and girls in the camps, settlement and the host communities. Enhance advocacy mechanisms with authorities on the protection needs and concerns of vulnerable groups, particularly children. Outreach and engagement with communities to improve social cohesion needs to be better established as a way to enhance co-existence amongst IDPs and host communities. Support strengthening of community based mechanisms established to prevent and respond to human rights violations and address communal/community issues.
17 | P a g e
Annex 1: KI and HH questionnaire
Key Informant Interview and Household
Key points for assessors for KIIs and HH interviewers
Introduce yourself and your organization to respondents and explain the purpose of the assessment; Where people are displaced, make it clear that you will be asking questions about the situation of children, women, boys and girls as well as elderly people where the KI currently lives (and not his/her normal home). Do NOT make any promises or raise expectations for assistance; Obtain informed consent; Write clearly and briefly; Observe and respect cultural principles, norms and sensitivities, particularly on gender; Where possible, try to ensure that the location of the interview allows for privacy; Respect interviewees’ time. KII should not go beyond one hour; Do no harm: ensure that your questions and the answers you are receiving are not putting the interviewee in danger of negative repercussions. Beware of types of information that may be socially or politically sensitive.
This means ‘read all answer options.’ General Information [to be filled in by the assessor] Identification Interviewer’s name or code: ______Organization: ______Date of assessment (dd/mm/yy): _ _ _/_ _ _/_ Site code (from the list of sites): ______Location of the site [to be filled by the team leader/supervisor] Site name: ______Ward: ______G.P.S/P code: _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ LGA: ______Province /State: ______Type of site: IDP s in urban area IDPs in rural area official camp Population estimate of the unofficial camp site: ______Comments: [If ethnicity, tribal affiliation or any other distinctive attribute is relevant, they should be mentioned in this space]______Source of information (key informant/Household) [if key informant prefers not to reveal his/her identity, it should be respected]
Role in the community: Teacher Community Leader Name / code of the key informant: ______Community Member Adolescent Health worker
18 | P a g e
Age group: 5 - 17 18-25 26-35 36- 60 >60 Male Female Was translation necessary for the interview? Yes No If yes, the translation was from ______(language) to ______(language) Informed consent form: My name is ___ [say interviewer’s name] and I am working with the International Rescue Committee. We are conducting an assessment on the situation of women and children affected by the Boko Haram insurgency This interview cannot be considered a guarantee for any direct or indirect support to you or your community, but the information you provide will help us define the priorities in your community. We would like to ask you some questions about the situation of women, men and children in this [site/community/camp, etc.]. The interview should only take [-----] minutes. Your identity will be kept strictly confidential and will not be shown to others unless your written agreement is received to do so. Your participation is voluntary and you can choose not to answer any or all of the questions. [After asking each of the following questions, look at the KI and get implicit approval that s/he has understood] All the information you give us will remain confidential. Your participation in this interview is voluntary. You can stop answering questions at any time. Do you have any questions? [Note any questions from the KI in the space here]
Informed Consent was obtained from participant: Yes No Informed consent was obtained from caregiver/parent if participant is under 18 years of age: Yes No For supervisor’s use only: Verification done by: ______Date: _ _ _/_ _ _/_ _ _ Signature:
FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD - HH
Household Food Consumption 1. 9 Average number of meals the household is having a day – Write the number │______│ . 2. Has9 the frequency of meals increased compared to past month? 0= no, 1= │______│ yes. Has the quality of meals (more diversity) increased compared to past 3. │______│ month? 0= no, 1= yes Household Dietary Diversity Score. Can you check the following food group, when one of its component has been eaten at least once in the previous day – last 24 hours by the 4. 1 household? 0
. 1. Cereals 5. Meat/poultry 9. Milk and milk products
19 | P a g e
2. Roots and tubers 6. Eggs 10. Oil/fats 3. Vegetables 7. Fish and seafood 11. Sugar/ honey 4. Fruits 8. Pulses/legumes/nuts 12. Condiments/spices More than one response can be selected. Food Consumption Score. I would like to ask you about all the different foods that your household members have eaten in the last 7 days. Could you please tell me how many days in the past week your household has eaten the following foods? 5. 1 Start1 with yesterday (last 24 hours), and go back by day until the 7th day. Tick the food items. consumed and mark “1” if at least one food items in the food group was consumed during the day. Important: if the food items from the same group are consumed several times in a day, still count 1.
DAYS during which the food has been consumed in the last 7 days (1 = Yes et 0 = No) Food groups and Main food items D- 1 Pre food yester Previ Previ Previ Prev (Tick the food Previo vio Tot source day/ ous ous ous ious item consumed) us D3 us al in the last 24 D2 D4 D5 D6 D7 last 7 hours days
A – CEREALS : Maize , maize porridge, rice, sorghum, millet pasta, bread and other cereals
B – TUBERS: Cassava, potatoes and sweet potatoes, Semovita, Garri, other tubers, plantains
C – LEGUMES: Beans. Peas, groundnuts and cashew nuts
D – VEGETABLES N/A AND LEAVES:
20 | P a g e
Tomatoes, Onions, Cabbage, Carrot, Okra, Moringa, other vegetables and leaves
E – FRUITS : N/A Mango, Orange,
Banana, other fruits
F – MEAT, FISH, EGG : Beef, Goat, Poultry, Porc,
Bush meat, Liver, Egg, Fish, insects, etc.
G – DAIRY N/A PRODUCTS : cheese, milk, yoghurt, other dairy
H - SUGAR: sugar, N/A juice, soda, honey, other sugary products
I – OIL : oil, fat, N/A butter
J – CONDIMENTS : N/A tea, coffee, fish powder, pepper, spices Code for sources of food 5 = Food for work 1 = Own production (harvest, livestock) 6 = Food Aid 2 = Hunting, fishing, wild food 7 = Gift from friends or relatives 3 = Loan 8 = Other, specify : ______4 = Purchase
21 | P a g e
Coping Mechanisms During the past month, did you or some members of your family borrow money? 6. │______│ 0= no, 1= yes, 2=does not know
If yes to Q 6, can you tell what the money was used for? Rank the options
1= food purchases, 2=health expenses, 3=basic needs, 4=agricultural needs, 5=livestock, 7. 6=does not know, 7= Other (specify)______
|__|__|__|__|__|__|__|
How would you qualify your household income compared to last month?
8. │______│ 1= same, 2=higher, 3=lower
How would you qualify the expenses you have made for food this month compared to past month? │______│ 9. 1= same, 2=higher, 3=lower
Reduced Coping Strategy Index (CSI). Ask in the past 7 days, if there have been time(s) when you did not have enough food or money to buy food, how often has your household had to:
No Food Security Coping Strategy Yes - If yes enter score . 1 between 1 and 7) No- 10. 0
1. Rely on less preferred and less expensive foods
2. Borrow food, or rely on help from a friend or relative
3. Limit portion size at mealtimes
22 | P a g e
4. Restrict consumption by adults in order for small children to eat
5. Reduce number of meals eaten in a day
NUTRITION Do you know any program that Government or NGOs have started for malnourished children in your Camp/Community/LGA? 1= no, 2= yes, 1. 3=does not know │______│
How did you come to know regarding the CMAM program
1= friends, 2=family members, 3=community volunteers, 4= Other 2. (specify)______│______│
Why did you take your child to be enrolled in CMAM Program?
3. 1= feels weak as compared to others, 2=CVs advised, 3= Other │______│ (specify)______
For how long is your child enrolled in this program or was admitted in │______│ 4. past.1= 1-2 weeks, 2=3-4 weeks, 3=5-10 weeks, 4= more than 10 weeks
Do you think that your child is getting improved as compared to past?1= Yes, 5. 2= No, 3= Don’t know │______│
6. Did you completed the treatment of your child?1= Yes, 2= No, 3= Don’t know │______│
(HW) How do you manage Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) 1= Stabilization center (SC), 2= In & Outpatient therapeutic program, 3= 7. │______│ Outpatient (OTP) only
23 | P a g e
(HW) How do you manage Moderate Acute Malnutrition 1= Targeted supplementary feeding, 2= Blanket supplementary feeding 8. │______│
HEALTH – health worker (HW) & beneficiary (BN) (BN) How long does it take to walk to your nearest health facility? 1= Less │______│ 1. than 30 minutes, 2= 1-2 hours, 3= 2-4 hours, 4= More than 4 hours,
(BN) In case of emergency at night, do you have access to the health 2. facility?1= Yes, 2= No │______│
3. If yes, Please specify (BN) If No, Why?
4. 1= The health facility is closed, 2= The health facility is very far, 3= No means │______│ of transportation 4= Other (specify)______
5. (BN) Do you pay for services when you receive one?1= Yes, 2= No │______│ (HW) What category of staff are available in your health facility? 1= medical 6. Doctor, 2=Nurse, 3=Medical Assistant/Clinical officer, 4= Midwife, 5= CHEW, │______│ 6= Public health officer, 7= Other (specify)___
(HW) How many weeks supply of drugs do you estimate to have?1= <1 7. week, 2= 1 – 2 week, 3= 2-4 weeks, 4= 1-3 month, 5= >3 month │______│
(HW) Does your health facility have the following in place? (Select appropriately)? 1= Furniture, 2=Basic Medical equipment, 3=Toilet, 4= Ward, │______│ 8. 5= Lab, 6= Pharmacy (drug store), 7= Dressing room, 8= Labor room, 9= Injecting room, 10= Other (specify)______
(HW) Does your health facility carry out the following services? (Select appropriately)? 1= Routine Immunization (RI or EPI), 2=Antenatal Care │______│ 9. (ANC), 3=Postnatal Care (PNC), 4= Family Planning (FP), 5= Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood illness (IMNCI), 6= Delivery, 7= Outreach activities, 8= Other (specify)______
EDUCATION 1. Are there functional school here? 1= Yes, 2= No ------ (BN)
24 | P a g e
│______│
If No, Why? 1= There are no school building, 2= Children are out of school, 3= No school materials, 4= Parent unable to pay for school fees, 5= Parent unable to buy 2. │______│ school materials, 6= There are no teachers in the area, 7= Teachers will not work if not paid, 8= Children are traumatized, 9= Other (specify)______If Yes to question 1, what is the average attendant in the school? 3. │______│ 1= 10-20, 2= 25-50, 3= 50-100, 4= 100 above
What is the highest level of education in the school? 1= Nursery, 2=Primary, │______│ 4. 3=Junior secondary, 4= Senior secondary
5. Are there teaching and learning materials available?1= Yes, 2= No │______│
If yes, What materials are available? 1= Note books, 2=Text books, 3=Charts, 4= │______│ 6. black board/white board, 5= Chalks/Marker, 6= Stationaries, 7= Other (specify)______
Which category of staff are available in the school? 1= Trained teachers 2=Professionals from other fields, 3=Untrained teachers, 4= Community 7. │______│ members, 5= NGO staff, 6= Other (specify)______
8. Are teachers paid?1= Yes, 2= No │______│ 9. Who pays them?1=NGO, 2=Government, 3= Community │______│
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH – Community Leader (CL) and Beneficiary (BN) Access to Water (CL) Number of water points (taps, hand pump, hand dug well) (write in │______│ 1. figure)
(CL) Number of functional water points (taps, hand pump, hand dug well) 2. (write in figure) │______│
(CL) Number of non-functional water points (taps and hand pump (write in │______│ 3. figure)
25 | P a g e
4. (CL) & (BN) Number of stream/river (write in figure) │______│ 5. (CL) & (BN) Number of surface water/seasonal pond (write in figure) │______│ Access to Sanitation
6. (CL) Number of Latrines at the HH level │______│ (CL) Average number of Latrines in use at the HH level (write in figure) ------7. --- CL │______│
(CL) & (BN) Number of functional hand washing station at the HH level ------8. ------CL (write in figure) │______│
9. (CL) & (BN) Number of the filled up latrine (write in figure) │______│ Bathing Facilities
10. (CL) Number of bathing shelter in use (write in figure) │______│ 11. (CL) Number of female bathing shelter in use (write in figure) │______│ 12. (CL) Number of male bathing shelter in use (write in figure) │______│ Hygiene Promotion
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the general hygiene condition of the │______│ population in your area? *Observation 13. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the hygiene condition among Adult │______│ men in your area? *Observation 14. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the hygiene condition among Adult │______│ women in your area? *Observation 15. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the hygiene condition among Girls │______│ (youth) in your area? *Observation 16. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the hygiene condition among Boys │______│ (youth in your area? *Observation 17. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad
26 | P a g e
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the hygiene condition among Children │______│ (male) in your area? *Observation 18. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad
(CL) & (BN) How would you classify the hygiene condition among Children │______│ (female) in your area? *Observation 19. 1=Good, 2=Need improvement, 3= Bad (CL) & (BN) When do you wash your hand? │______│ 1= before meal, 2= after meal, 3= after visiting toilet, 4= before feeding a 20. baby, 5= after cleaning a baby’s stool, 6= All of the above, 7= Non-of the above, 8= Don’t know
CHILD PROTECTION Unaccompanied and Separated Children Are there children in this [site/village/camp/…] who have been separated 1. from their usual caregivers since the attacks by Boko Haram? 1= Yes, 2= │______│ No,3= Don’t know
[If YES to 1.] What do you think are the main causes of separations that occurred in the last month?(multiple selection is allowed) 1= losing care givers/children due to medical evacuation, 2= losing care givers/children
during relocation,3= Care givers voluntarily sending their children to 2. institutional care, 4= Care givers voluntarily sending their children to │______│ extended family/friends, 5= Care givers voluntarily sending their children to work far from parent, 6= Continue disappearance of children, 7= Abduction by book haram, 8= other (specify)………. [If YES to 1.] How many children do you think have been Separated/Unaccompanied from their usual caregivers in this [site/village/camp/…] in the last month? [read out the options if necessary] 3. │______│ 1= 1-10, 2= 11-20, 3= 21-50, 4= 51-100, 5= >100 (specify ______) [Don’t know] ------CL
Do you know if there are any infants or young children under the age of 2 who have been separated from their usual caregivers within the past │______│ 4. month?
1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know [if NO, skip to 5] ------CL
27 | P a g e
[If yes to 6] Do you think that…………….. 1= there are more unaccompanied girls than boys [or], 2= there are more │______│ 5. unaccompanied boys than girls [or], 3= no clear difference, 4= [do not know]
[If yes to 6] Do you think that…………….. 1= unaccompanied children are mainly under 5 [or], 2= unaccompanied │______│ 6. children are mainly between 5 and 14 [or], 3= unaccompanied children are mainly 14 and older [or], 4= no clear difference, 5= [do not know] Care for Separated and Unaccompanied Children
If you come across a child who does not have anyone who can care for him/her, what would you do? │______│ 1= Care for the child myself, 2= keep the child for a short time while I look for a 7. long term solution, 3= find someone in the community to care for the child, 4= inform the police about the child’s situation, 5= take the child to an agency/NGO that deals with children, 6= Do nothing, 7= Don’t Know, 8= other (specify)……….
Are there institutions/children homes in this area that provide care for orphans or separated children? 8. │______│ 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know If yes to 11. What kind of services do they provide?
9. 1= Day care, 2= Residential care, 3= Recreational activities, 4= Other │______│ (specify)……………. Psychosocial Distress and Community Support Mechanisms Have you noticed any changes in children’s behavior since the insurgency? 10. 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know │______│
If yes, What kind of behavior changes have you noticed in children? (Multiple selection)
1= Violence against younger children, 2= Committing crimes, 3= │______│ Unwillingness to go to school, 4= Less w`illingness to help caregivers and 11. siblings, 5= Disrespectful behavior in the family, 6= Sadness (e.g not talking, not playing etc), 7= Substance abuse, 8= Having nightmares and/or not being able to sleep, 9= Isolating themselves, 10= helping parents more than before, 11= spending more time on sport and playing, 12= Caring for others in the community, 13= regularly interested in education Child Labor
28 | P a g e
Are there any children in this community involved in work? 1=yes, 2=No, 3= 12. Don’t know │______│ What type of work are these children involved in? 1=Sexual transaction, 2=Farm work, 3= factory work, 4= Mining, 5= Domestic │______│ 13. labour, 6= transporting people or goods, 7= Don’t know, 8= other (specify)…………. How long do these children work for? 14. 1=1-5 hours, 2=5-10 hours, 3= Don’t know │______│ Children associated with armed forces and armed groups
Do you know of children working with or being used by armed forces or groups around this -[camp/village/…]-? E.g. children with guns, operating │______│ 15. checkpoints, cooking or cleaning for military, etc. 1=yes, 2=No, 3= Don’t know
If yes to 19, Has the number of children associated with armed groups increased since the insurgency? 16. │______│ 1=yes, 2=No, 3= Don’t know
WOMEN PROTECTION AND EMPOWERMENT Access to Basic Services What services and/or assistance are available to adult women in the site to meet their basic needs? If relevant, please note the organization offering 1. these services: 1= Food aid/food distribution, 2= Shelter, 3= Non-food items, │______│ 4= Health care, 5= Hygiene/Dignity kits, 6= Education, 7= Women friendly space, 8= other (specify)………. What are some reasons that adolescent girls and adult women are unable to access some of these services? 1= Priority is given to men, 2= No female staff providing services, 3= Lack of sufficient medicines at the health facility, 4= Girls/Women not permitted to access their services by their families, 5= Not 2. │______│ safe for girls/women to travel to the services sites, 6= Location of services are not convenient for girls/women, 7= Hours of services are not convenient for girls/women, 8= Others (please specify)…………
29 | P a g e
Do any of the following groups have access to the camp or community? (Multiple selection) 3. │______│ 1= Military,, 2= Police, 3= informal militia groups,, 4= None of the above, 5= All of the above, 4= Don’t know Sexual Violence
Do you know of a place where women of this _ _ [camp/ community/...] _ _ can get help if they have experienced sexual violence or rape? 4. │______│ 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know
If you come across a girl/woman who have suffered from sexual violence, what would you do? │______│ 1= Send the woman to her family, 2= Send/take the woman to a religious leader, 3= Community leader/camp chairman, 4= Send/take the woman to a 5. primary health center,5= Send/take the woman to a traditional midwife, 6= Send/take the woman to women association, 7= Report to the police/community justice system, 8= Confront the perpetrator, 9= Do nothing, 10= Don’t know, 11= other (please specify)
Do you think the number of sexual violence incidents has increased since the displacement? 6. │______│ 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know In which situation does sexual violence occur more often for girls/women? 1= while at home, 2= while collecting firewood, 3= while at school, 4= while │______│ 7. collecting water,5= during armed group attacks, 6= while travelling to the market, 7= in common areas such as latrines/showers, 8= Don’t know, 11= other (please specify)
Are there reports of sexual abuse or exploitation [by government, NGO, UN, security in the camp, military, police] of girls and women? 8. │______│ 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know
What safety measures have been put in place by police and/or military forces to minimize any potential for risk to girls and women? │______│ 1= Increase in number of police, 2= Increase in number of female police officers, 3= Police/peacekeeping patrols around the community, 4= Increase in 9. number of female police officers, 5= Increase in number of female military personnel, 6= Community safety groups, 7= Firewood collection patrols, 8= Educating girls/women on how to report incidents, 9= [Don’t know], 12= Other:______
30 | P a g e
Are health services available for girls and women in the community/camp? 10. 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know │______│ If yes, do girls and women have access to the health services at any time? 11. 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know │______│
What are some reasons that girls or women who have experienced sexual violence or rape may not be able to access health services? │______│ 1= Fear of being identified as survivors, 2= Distance to health facility, 3.= No 12. female staff, 4= No availability of confidential treatment, 5= Lack of trained staff, 6= Don’t know that they should access the facility for treatment, 7= [Don’t know], 8= Other:______
Economic situation What are women and girls doing to generate income to meet basic needs? 1= Begging, 2= Collecting firewood, 3= Collecting straw , 4= Having sex in │______│ 13. exchange for money, 5= Domestic work, 6=[Don’t know], 7= Other, please specify______Do women and girls go outside the community to earn income to meet basic needs? 14. │______│ 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know
(This section is not applicable to Borno) PROTECTION
Do you have any safety concern at your current location? 1. 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know │______│ If yes, what are these concerns? 1= Security, 2= fear of Molestation, 3= fear of violence, 2. │______│ 4= fear of kidnap,5= other, please specify…………
What are the main factor for insecurity? 1= lack of livelihood, 2= tension between the local and IDPs 3. │______│ 3= thugs, 4= denial to access community structures, 5= Don’t know, 6= other, please specify ………………………
Have you ever reported any human rights abuse that you have witnessed? 4. 1= Yes, 2= No, │______│
31 | P a g e
If yes, to the above, to who? 1= Police or Military, 2= Community leader, 3= Religious leader, 5. │______│ 4= Others please specify ………………………………….
Have you attended any awareness session/training on Human rights in your 6. community? 1= Yes, 2= No, │______│
If yes, from whom? 1= I/NGOs, 2= NGOs, 3= FBOs, 4= CBOs, 5= other, please 7. specify │______│
Does your community have community based mechanisms/structures in place that addresses communal/community issues? 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t 8. │______│ know
If yes, to the above question, please 9. specify………………………………………………………… │______│
Are there currently any tensions between the local population and the IDPs? 10. 1= Yes, 2= No,3= Don’t know │______│ If yes, what were the reasons? 1= Denial to access community structures,
11. 2= Forceful marriage to our daughters, 3= No tension for now, 4= other, │______│ please specify…………….
What has the community done to address the tension between the local population and the IDPs?
1= Community dialogue, 2= community meeting, 3= Nothing has been done, 4= 12. │______│ No tension, 5= other, please specify………………………………………….
If security allows for, would you return to your area of origin? 1= Yes, 2= 13. No,3= Don’t know │______│ If no, what are your reasons for not wishing to return? 1= Don’t feel to go back 2= lack of livelihood, 3= not still confident of the │______│ 14. security in place, 4= Have nothing to do there, 5) other, please specify………………………………………………… If yes, what support do you require to facilitate the return? 1) Transport fare, 15. 2) Presence of security personnel, 3) means of livelihood, 4) rebuild of house │______│
32 | P a g e
5) other, please specify……………………………………………..
10. Do you have any / comment/suggestions
Annex 2:
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
Names of facilitator and Note taker: Date: LGA: Community/Camp: Number of participants: Gender: Age of FGD participants (please circle as appropriate): [10-19], [20-40], [40 above)
SECTOR PARTICIPANTS RESPONSES QUESTIONNAIRE
33 | P a g e
Health .
Can you describe the current state of your community health facility?
What are the common 1. illnesses observed among family members in your 2. community within the last 3. one month? (prioritize from 1-5) 4. 5. Measles Malaria Diarrhea Cholera injuries
CYPD
Are there members of the community who have taken or want to take children away from this community to provide them with assistance, jobs or better living conditions?
34 | P a g e
1. Are there new types of harsh and dangerous 2. labour that children are engaged in that did not 3. exist before the insurgcency? 4. If yes, list them…….. 5.
Do you know if the 1. majority of children who 2. are involved in harsh and dangerous labour: 3.
1. are working voluntarily 4. to support themselves and/or their families 5. 2. are sent to engage in such work by their parents/caregivers 3. are sent to engage in such work by people other than their caregivers (ask for examples: ______)
35 | P a g e
Protection
What do you understand by human rights?
Have you ever report any human rights abuse that you have witnessed? If yes where, if no why?
1. Which groups in your community (women, men, girls, boys, disabled or 2. minority) are the most affected by social, religion 3. or cultural barriers? What are we currently doing to 4. address these barriers?
Where or who do women and girls usually go or report to after experiencing domestic violence? (Probe: Do they seek help? Do they report to police or community leaders? What do children do after they have experience such violence? Do they seek help? Is it the same for girls or boys? Why?
36 | P a g e
37 | P a g e