September 2017 Volume 42 No. 3 ISSN 0384 7335 The Griffin A Quarterly Publication of Heritage Trust of

3 artist Shelley Mitchell

4 HTNS EXHIBIT Witnesses to a New Nation: Selected Images of Our Built Heritage Linda Forbes

6 LECTURE Leading the Way – Town Planning in Halifax During the Early 20th Century Will Robinson-Mushkat

9 HERITAGE FOR SALE Maitland’s Heritage Conservation District

10 LECTURE Onward from that Fatal Event – a Post Explosion Story (Revelations from the Attic) Sheila Fougère

14 Book REview Company Houses, Company Towns: Heritage and Conservation Gerald L. Pocius

16 COMMUNITY HERITAGE Did You Know? Houses Have Tales Leslie Childs

September 2017 1 REPORT President’s Report The Griffin previously inhabited by tenants. A pay- A quarterly newsletter ing tenant helps offset costs, provides published by security, identifies needed repairs, Heritage Trust of guarantees an adequate level of site Nova Scotia supervision, and provides a use for the asset. As an aside, either site presents Editorial Committee fantastic potential for an artist or writer Donald Forbes, Melanie Ballard, in residence if either level of govern- Dulcie Conrad, Peter Delefes, ment can see value in such an idea. The Donna McInnis, Nancy O’Brien, point is to have someone there. Tony Edwards The meeting with Mayor Savage also identified the intangible side of “use it Contributors to this issue or lose it.” If we do not esteem, value, Leslie Childs, Linda Forbes, and promote such sites, there is a risk Sheila Fougère, Shelley Mitchell, of eroding or even losing the legacy of Gerald Pocius, men like Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, Will Robinson-Mushkat and Sir Sandford Fleming. The case of Layout: Douglas Porter Joe Ballard Fleming, the great promoter of Standard Printers: etc. Press Ltd Time, is most interesting. South of the This summer I had the privilege of meet- border, Americans back their own man, Unless otherwise indicated, ing with boat-builder, Eamonn Doorly, at Cleveland Abbe, as the originator of the opinions expressed the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. He time zones. In explaining this to Mayor in these pages are those of the had just finished a five-year restoration Savage, he instantly grasped the gravity contributors and do not of the Hebridee II, a Marconi schooner of the threat, likening it to Kingston’s or necessarily reflect the views of built in 1952 and donated to the mu- Montreal’s challenge to the origins of Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia. We welcome submissions seum by the Murphy family. The schoo- hockey in Nova Scotia. It is interesting but reserve the right to edit ner is valued as an example of the work to see how we respond with passion for publication. Contributions of famed Nova Scotian naval architect, and understanding when such things appear in both print and William Roué. A proud Doorly offered are framed in a hockey context. Truly web editions. to take me out in the ‘Bluenose Junior‘, Canadian! In this way, it is plain to see Deadline for the next issue: stressing the importance of preservation that “use it or lose it” becomes syn- November 1, 2017 through use. I was pleased to hear that onymous with “value it or lose it”. From this was the museum’s philosophy for its shipbuilding, to hockey, to architecture, Please send your new charge. “Use it or lose it” also applies our heritage suffers when it’s taken for submissions to to buildings, which thrive on active use. granted and it thrives when it’s lived (or Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia Appropriate activity in a building realizes lived in). We must preserve those things Box 36111 Spring Garden RPO and accentuates its value and inciden- that make us unique and, wherever Halifax NS B3J 3S9 tally (importantly) furnishes an early possible, let’s preserve them through [email protected] www.htns.ca warning system for maintenance. appropriate use. Tel: 902 423-4807 In a separate meeting in , three HTNS Board members and Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia I met with Mayor Mike Savage to discuss is a charitable organization. two significant structures where use no All donations are tax creditable. longer appears to be the cornerstone of the site management plan. Both Prince Edward’s rotunda (Prince’s Lodge), on the shore of Bedford Basin, and Sir Sand- ford Fleming’s Cottage, in the Dingle, sit Cover image: Convergence, by Shelley Mitchell, vacant and deteriorating. The former is 2016, oil on canvas, 40” x 60” (courtesy of the owned by the Province and the latter artist) by HRM. Both are Halifax landmarks

2 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia ARTIST Shelley Mitchell

Shelley Mitchell was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and now divides her time between Halifax and Lunenburg. After attending her Foundation year at Nova Scotia College of Art and Design and studying at Georgian College of Applied Art in Ontario, she worked as an archi- tectural draftsman and project manager before returning to NSCAD, where she earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Paint- ing and Art History. Since then she has shown professionally in both group and solo shows throughout the Maritime Provinces, Ontario, and Maine. She was featured in the book From Land and Sea, Nova Scotia’s Contemporary Landscape Artists, published in 2009, and selected by the Nova Scotia government as the province’s official gift at theV ancouver Olympics. Her work is represented in the Canadiana Fund State Art Collec- tion in Ottawa as well as in many private and corporate collections in Canada, the USA, and Europe. Her work can be viewed at www.shelleymitchell.ca.

House at Sand Beach [Yarmouth Co.], by Shelley Mitchell, 2008, oil on canvas, 30” x 30” (courtesy of the artist)

Three Houses [Halifax], by Shelley Mitchell, 2008, oil on canvas, 24” x 36” (courtesy of the artist)

September 2017 3 HTNS EXHIBIT Witnesses to a New Nation: Selected Images of Our Built Heritage

Linda Forbes The exhibit travelled next to Am- the town before we made our selection; herst in time for the July 1 weekend. it is his photo of Dock Street on the ex- When Membership chair (and indefati- The venue was the former Margolian’s/ hibit’s poster. This time the show “went gable organizer) Michal Crowe suggest- Dayle’s department store, a well-loved to the people”; it was mounted in the ed that Heritage Trust mount an exhibit 1906 building boasting high ceilings local mall, where many people shop for of 150 images of buildings, to celebrate and a grand central staircase, and one food. Its two-week run ended with a talk the 150th anniversary of Confederation, that many feared would be lost. It is now and tour of a provincially-designated some of us did not anticipate the work home to a collection of small retail busi- 1820s Cape in Sable River. The audience involved. No one could have predicted nesses and appears to be a gathering was mainly keen local heritage lovers— the extraordinary lengths to which spot for knitters (“discussing heritage” at including the owner of a late 1700s some volunteers were willing to go to the same time) and other crafters. house and former inn in a nearby com- make this project a success. Equally (http://dayles.ca/our-history/) Our local munity -- but a few HTNS members from surprising, and gratifying, has been the regional rep and Amherst Heritage Trust Halifax made the trek to the South Shore reaction to the show and to the various member, Leslie Childs, supplemented and enjoyed the visit very much. complementary activities arranged by the show with her own collection of The show is now at the Kings County volunteers associated with the main photographs of Amherst’s heritage Museum, Kentville, thanks to past Valley committee. houses, which she invited visitors to an- regional rep, Bria Stokesbury. It is one of The generous financial support of notate with their associations or special a number of interesting Confederation- the Province and Trust members and concerns. The response – and visitor related displays. It will remain in the friends made it possible to plan a show numbers, local and not – surprised even Valley for a month, the longest exhibit of travelling to four locales beyond Halifax. the optimistic organizer! all, before returning to Halifax where it The ‘images’ concept evolved into a From Cumberland County the will be displayed at St Paul’s Church on photographic exhibit, including archival show went to the South Shore. Historic the Grand Parade. St Paul’s receives large images in a few cases, and short texts for Shelburne is the home of many pre- numbers of visitors each year, so the 150 buildings that ‘saw’ Confederation: Confederation buildings and of Board prospective audience for the Witnesses Witnesses to a New Nation. Our attempt member-at-large, Chris Sharpe. Chris show is good. The show will wrap up to be inclusive of geographic areas photographed all eligible buildings in where it started off. It will be displayed and architectural styles, while allow- ing the stories of the cultural groups, commercial and institutional activities to be told, was quite a challenge. Many valuable buildings had to be set aside, even as we avidly read the stories that were presented with them. The eventual collection was neither exhaustive nor perfect, but it does give viewers some insight into what our province looked like in 1867. After a Doors Open preview at Government House of a small selection of images, complemented by a Dusan Kadlec painting of Halifax and two period costumes, all on loan to us, the exhibit went to the Nova Scotia Muse- um of Industry in Stellarton for its official opening and a full program of free talks and entertainment during a week in which each nearby town took a turn hosting a day. The northern Nova Scotia exhibit ended with a talk, tour, and tea in a stone farmhouse, all free for visitors. Viewing the show at the mall in Shelburne, July 2017 (Griffin photo)

4 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia Preview of Witnesses exhibit with period costumes at Government House (Griffin photo)

at Government House during Nocturne, the popular night-long art show. Several communities have asked to host the show following its official sesquicenten- nial tour. This month and next, you will be able to see the show in Kentville until September 22 and in Halifax from the beginning of October. For those who are left wanting more, about half a dozen of the exhibit subjects also appear in the Trust’s publication, Affairs with Old Houses, where personal accounts of the owners’ experiences with their houses make a very appealing book. The show’s images and texts will be put on-line and there has been some talk about a coffee Visitors arriving at Government House for Doors Open in June 2017 (Griffin photo) table book. But these are projects for the future.

September 2017 5 LECTURE Leading the Way – Town Planning in Halifax During the Early 20th Century

Proposed Residential District, Thomas Adams, 1915 (courtesy of HRM Archives, RG-35-102, Ser. 1B).

Will Robinson-Mushkat throughout society, born from a sense of Wellington Barracks along North Street moral duty originating in an emerging both expanded the city and served as a This article is a summary of a talk present- educated class. The benefits of modern partition between Halifax’s downtown ed by the author in the HTNS Illustrated technology, professional practices, and (and the affluent South End) and the Public Lecture series on May 18, 2017. a sense of civic and moral responsibility labouring class neighbourhoods of would improve the conditions within Richmond and the North End.2 The industrial age brought about the established urban centres and allow During the post-Confederation pe- rapid growth and development of replication of positive, balanced urban riod, Halifax experienced both economic towns and cities as they became hubs living into the future. and population growth. However, in of industry, commerce, and trade. Halifax, having gone beyond its ori- relation to other Canadian metropo- Advancements in technology, produc- gins as a strategic British military station lises, like the booming urban centres of tion methods, and a growing supply and garrison town, experienced many Montreal, Toronto, and Winnipeg, Halifax of labour all contributed to the growth of the effects ofV ictorian-era urban began to lag behind. Yet, within this and development of cities. There were, growth. It was a significant metropolitan time period, emerging leaders within however, a number of negative conse- centre in British North America during Halifax were prepared to counteract quences to this urban industrialization. the first half of the 19th century, with the forces of economic erosion through Crime, violence, poor public health, and strong shipping and financial sectors, the application of training received at unsafe living conditions all blighted along with a growing number of manu- universities and institutions beyond the urban centres. These conditions were facturing industries. Buildings sym- region, implementation of new tech- felt acutely by the labouring classes, bolic of Victorian-era epitomes of order, nologies, and establishment of profes- immigrants, and marginalized commu- control, and moral consciousness were sional schools. The modern practice of nities. Movements to counteract these constructed, including prisons, hospitals, urban planning – the idea that scientific forces became increasingly prevalent and courthouses.1 Construction of the principles and methods, technologi-

6 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia Plan of the City of Halifax - proposed Connaught Avenue extension, 1922 (courtesy of HRM Archives, Z-5-4625)

cal advancements, and guidance from ment League (CIL), formed by the Halifax urban planning could resolve.7 moral sensibility could be harnessed to Board of Trade in 1905, was specifically The following year the provincial ‘cure’ cities of social ills, enhance public intended to lobby government for en- government legislated the Town Plan- health, and improve the lives of all hanced services, urban reform, and civic ning Act, which was considered one of citizens – had become prevalent by the beautification.5 the first of its kind in Canada.8 While it turn of the 20th century. Central to the success of the CIL was was a landmark piece of legislation, mu- By this time, Halifax had fully Robert M. Hattie. Born in Pictou County nicipalities were not obligated to adhere embraced many principles of the “City in 1876, he graduated from Dalhousie to it.9 For this reason, the 1912 Act was Beautiful” movement.3 This is exem- University. In 1900, following stints as replaced in 1915 with a more stringent plified by the long boulevard streets a reporter, he founded The Maritime Town Planning Act that compelled mu- developed at this time – the south end Merchant, served on town council in nicipal bodies to form ‘Town Planning of Robie Street and Young Avenue, 1912 and 1913, and was considered “a Boards’ and develop planning schemes. which ends with the gates that mark driving force for town planning in the The new Act also gave municipalities the the entrance to Point Pleasant Park.4 city of Halifax”.6 Hattie was instrumental power to purchase, sell, and lease land, However, the minimum cost and design in the organization of a revival campaign as well as the authority to approve or standards placed upon newly construct- in March 1911. The campaign hosted deny private development of roads and ed houses along Young Avenue acted as lectures, from international experts such erection or demolition of buildings.10 a proto-form of ‘people zoning’ – using as John Sewall from Boston and H.H. The Town Planning Act of 1915 was the planning and urban design as a means Vivian from England, on topics ranging most advanced of its kind in Canada. of separating classes. Halifax was also from public health, youth, and housing By this time, the planning legislation, impacted by a movement that encour- to civic beautification, with the convic- in conjunction with civic motivation, aged municipalities to expand the tion that all were interrelated challenges federal funding for modern infrastruc- services they provide. The Civic Improve- which the practices and methods of ture, and employment of outside

September 2017 7 expertise, began to have a large impact the principles of the Garden City that Will Robinson-Mushkat has studied both on Halifax. Upon its formation in 1916, Adams had helped develop in England. the history and practice of urban planning the Halifax Town Planning Board (TPB) Grass boulevards provided green space at Saint Mary’s University and Queen’s began the process of developing a and separation between vehicles and University. Raised in, and a resident of, comprehensive plan for the city. In what pedestrians. Service lanes ensured that Halifax, he works as a professional planner would prove to be a decisive decision, services were accessible but kept away and has an avid interest in the promo- the Board, under the leadership of from residents. Commercial and retail tion of the history and heritage of the city. Robert Hattie, enlisted the services of services were located along Young The contents of his May 2017 lecture were the renowned Scottish planner, Thomas Street. The location of the Richmond derived from research undertaken for his Adams. Born in 1871, Adams rose to School, at the intersection of Devonshire 2010 MA thesis. prominence as Secretary for First Garden and Dartmouth streets, was intended to Endnotes: City Ltd, which in 1903 founded the be a community focal point within the 1 14 Susan Buggey, “Building Halifax, 1841-1871” Acadi- “Garden City” of Letchworth, a planned neighbourhood. By 1922, the devel- ensis, 10 (1). Autumn 1980, p. 90. suburban community north of Lon- opment was virtually complete and 2Cameron Pulsifer, “‘Something more durable...’: the don.11 In 1914, Adams agreed to work as survivors of the had a British Military’s building of Wellington Barracks and brick construction in l9th-century Halifax” an advisor for the Commission of Con- rebuilt, resilient community. Acadiensis, 32 (1). Autumn 2002, pp. 50-53. servation, a Federal body commissioned While the reconstruction of Rich- 3Walter Van Nus, “The fate of City Beautiful thought by the Laurier Government. Adams mond and the development of the in Canada 1893-1930” in The Canadian City (Gilbert A. Shelter and Alan F.J. Ratifies, eds). Ottawa: Car- would act as an advisor for towns and Hydrostone was a hallmark in the overall leton University Press, 1984, pp. 167-186. cities across Canada until the Commis- recovery of Halifax, Adams regarded his 4An Act Respecting Young Avenue and the Miller Prop- 12 erty. SNS (Statutes of Nova Scotia), 1896. c. 28. sion’s demise in 1921. In 1915, Adams, work in Halifax as only partially com- 5 15 Andrew Nicholson, ‘Dreaming of the Perfect City’: with local assistance from Frederick plete. The motivation for larger, com- the Halifax Civic Improvement League, 1905-1949. W. Doane (City Engineer) and Hattie, prehensive city planning had begun Master of Arts Thesis. Saint Mary’s University. 2000, developed a plan for Halifax (see first to wane. The HRC had been awarded p. 23. 6“R.M. Hattie Passes Away” Halifax Mail-Star, 7 April map). This plan sought to delineate and sweeping power and control over much 1953, pp. 1, 6; “Talk of town planning in Halifax, separate the residential and commer- of the North End, eliminating any role there has been none since 1749” Halifax Mail, 17 cial areas of Halifax, preserve the lands for the TPB in the Devastated Area, and November 1911, p. 8. 7Nicholson, ‘Dreaming of The Perfect City,’ pp. 44-45. along the Northwest Arm, and enable inhibiting comprehensive planning. 8Commission of Conservation of Canada, “The first residents to petition the municipality in The Board had sought throughout Canadian town planning regulations” Conservation the future to zone areas as residential, the late 1910s and early 1920s to create of Life, 1 (1). August 1914, p. 1. 9An Act Respecting Town Planning. SNS 1912. c. 2, to ensure that unwanted commercial an extension of Connaught Avenue, sec. 1. and industrial activities would not seep parallel to the railway line to the newly 10An Act Respecting Town Planning. SNS 1915. c. 32, into their neighbourhoods. Adams also developed terminals in the South End sec. 3 (3) and 3 (3a). 11Michael Simpson, Thomas Adams and the Modern strongly advocated the development of (see second map), but their efforts were Planning Movement. New York: Mansell Press, 1985. plans which incorporated both Dart- blocked by residents.16 The TPB tran- 12D.J. Hall, Clifford Slifton, Volume 2: A Lonely Emi- mouth and Bedford, believing that all sitioned from a forward-thinking civic nence. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1981, p. 257. three municipalities would eventually be organization to one that was employed 13Thomas Adams, “Planning the Greater Halifax” amalgamated.13 to arbitrate disputes between residents Conservation of Life, 4 (2), 1918, pp. 82-83. The explosion that occurred in and approve smaller-scale develop- 14John C. Weaver, “Reconstruction of the Richmond District in Halifax: A Canadian Episode in Public on 6 December 1917 ments. Further, the economic stagna- Housing and Town Planning, 1918-1921.” Plan changed the focus of Adams’ work in tion that beset the city and the larger Canada, 6 (1). March 1976. pp. 36-47. Halifax for the remaining years of his Maritimes region in the early 1920s saw 15Ernest Clarke, “The Hydrostone phoenix: garden city planning and the reconstruction of Halifax, employment with the Commission a decline in population growth, reduc- 1917-21” Ground Zero: a Reassessment of the 1917 of Conservation. The devastation was ing the need for further urban expan- Explosion in Halifax Harbour (Alan Ruffman and widespread for much of the North End. sion. This would last until the late 1930s, Colin D. Howell, eds). Halifax: Nimbus Publishing Ltd, 1994, pp. 405-406. With the formation of the Halifax Relief as the global economy recovered from 16“Armview Drive Eliminated” The Morning Commission (HRC), the primary objec- the Great Depression. While the TPB did Chronicle, 15 March 1922, p. 2. tive became the rapid reconstruction of not cease to exist, it remained dormant 17Minutes of Halifax Town Planning Board 1916-1949, 29 June 1931, HRM Archives, 102-40.1, p. 69. the North End in a manner that would from 1922 until 1931.17 For a scant few benefit the survivors of the explosion. years, the combination of authority Housing needed to be durable, safe, vested through legislation, availability of and affordable, as it would be managed funding, expertise, and civic motivation, by the HRC. The result, the Hydrostone made Halifax a leader within Canada neighbourhood, employed many of with regard to urban planning.

8 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia HERITAGE FOR SALE Maitland’s Heritage Conservation District

Maitland, East Hants, is an historic village at the mouth of the Shubenacadie River. The Mi’kmaw names alluded to ‘healing waters’ and ‘the place where the river runs fast’, a reference to the tidal bore that runs up the Shubenacadie twice a day. The village was the site of an Aca- dian settlement, Ville Robert, and parts of the community are still protected by dykes originally constructed at that time. Later, the provided a water route between Dartmouth and Maitland, connecting Halifax Harbour The classical revival Foley House, ca. 1870, for sale through Viewpoint (John Knol, 902-758-5000) to Cobequid Bay. Maitland was a busy, industrious, and populous community with a summer ferry across the river to Black Rock. However, when the railways replaced water transport, the Midland Railway (beginning operations in 1901) bypassed Maitland with a bridge 10 km upstream. Combined with the end of wooden shipbuilding, this contributed to a slow decline. With many shipyards along the river and nearby coast (the A.F. Church map of 1871 shows four within the village alone, as well as a sail loft and blacksmith shop), Maitland was home to carpenters who could build ships that ranged the world’s oceans and finely-crafted houses at home.T he The Second Empire Capt. William Douglas House, ca. 1850, private sale (902-261-2040) Lawrence House, originally the home of famed shipbuilder and politician W.D. Lawrence, is now part of the Nova buildings, and seventeen outbuildings Trinity Anglican Church remains a place Scotia Museum. The rich endowment of including barns, livery stables, storage of worship. The village is also home to heritage structures includes the Frieze sheds, and one surviving [shipyard] the Maitland & District Volunteer Fire and Roy store, established in 1839, the shed ... Most … date from the mid-19th Department. oldest continuously operating gen- century (1850-1870).” Property owners committed to the eral store in Canada. In recognition of Today, Maitland is a small but active conservation of older homes are key to its outstanding architectural legacy, community, with several businesses in maintaining the historic character of the Maitland was declared Nova Scotia’s first addition to the store and associated community. Many have been drawn to Heritage Conservation District in 1995. café. These include a herb farm, bed and Maitland by the beauty and charm of At that time, the Conservation District breakfasts, a fine restaurant, an arts and its built heritage. Today there are a few Plan and By-Law stated that there were crafts gallery, and a tidal bore rafting properties on the market in the midst “about seventy 19th century buildings business. St David’s, the former United of the village, offering an opportunity in the village and one, the Putnam/ Church (originally Presbyterian) is now to join and contribute to this dynamic Frieze house, which may date from a performance space, the High Tides community. the 18th century … forty-two houses, Arts and Community Centre, operated two churches and church halls, seven by the CHArt Society (Culture, Heritage, additional image on page 12 commercial or formerly commercial and the Arts). The carpenter-Gothic Holy

September 2017 9 LECTURE Onward from that Fatal Event – a Post Explosion Story (Revelations from the Attic)

Sheila Fougère dren. He lost his home and three other found 9 pages of expenses and claims houses he owned on Albert Street in for belongings and property. It gives This article is based on a talk the author north-end Halifax. He had missing family a glimpse into the life they had and presented in the HTNS Illustrated Public to find, the dead to identify, and burials it seems as though they had been Lecture series at the AGM on June 15, 2017 to arrange. He sustained permanent comfortably off. Imagine trying to list physical scars and suffered emotional everything you own! I found pages of trauma that caused him to refer to the handwritten notes making calculations Sometimes the most difficult tasks yield event only rarely later in life. His losses and reminders of what needed to be unexpected rewards. In 2016, after a were soon compounded by news of done. Newspapers reported that the long and wonderful life, my 92 year old a son’s death overseas in the Battle of ruins continued to smoulder due to an father passed away. Emptying the home Passchendaele. But this was the story I abundance of coal used to heat homes. in which he had lived for more than 50 already knew. What was made clear to In the documents I found, six tons of years was an emotional and arduous me, after finding this collection of pa- coal were listed as the contents in one task. Little did I know, in addition to the pers, was the long and complex journey of my grandfather’s rental properties. many memories shared there amongst back to normalcy that faced my family In the coming months and years, my my parents and six siblings, I would and probably many others. grandfather, a builder by trade, would discover a trove of documents from My grandfather temporarily boarded want to rebuild on his land. He lived another generation. They would paint with his sister’s family on Brunswick Lane in ‘the restricted zone’ and could not a new picture of my family’s struggles (now Falkland Street). His eldest son, rebuild without permission. A 15 March after the Halifax Explosion in 1917. Jim, was a bank manager in Richibucto, 1918 letter from Jim Jr states, “Bell [Ralph We had one of those attics like you New Brunswick. Jim Junior would be P. Bell, Secretary of the Relief Commis- see in the movies — boxes filled with a force in assisting my grandfather to sion] told me that they were considering old toys, trunks filled with memorabilia deal with the paperwork required in the building either cement or brick houses from WW II, furniture past its useful life, aftermath of the disaster. The repeated in the North End. So you will want to and other treasures from lives well lived. trips to Halifax would cost Jim his job. be sure before you start with a wooden Amongst the clutter, I discovered an old The newspaper urged people to structure.” Among the papers in the plastic grocery bag filled with papers, make up lists of their material losses. I attic were an original copy of the Act to including correspondence, receipts, and personal notes dated between Decem- ber 1917 and the spring of 1920. There were letters from the Halifax Relief Com- mission, the City of Halifax, and Pickings & Roland Surveyors. There were carbon copies of personal correspondence from both my grandfather and my uncle related to post-Explosion matters. There were lists of personal and household belongings for insurance claim purpos- es. There were receipts for the burial of relatives from Snow’s funeral home and Mount Olivet Cemetery. And there was a cheque receipt book for payments after the Explosion, for building materials and the purchase of property. The basic story of the Halifax Explo- sion is well documented. My grand- father, James P. Vaughan, lost his wife and two of his six children. He lost a daughter-in-law and his two grandchil- The Vaughan family circa 1910, with James P. Vaughan in the back at left

10 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia mission document says: “Whenever the Commission determines that any land or interest therein, whether situate within the devastated area or elsewhere, is required by the Commission for any purpose, the Commission may expropri- ate such land or interest therein without first endeavouring to contract with the owner thereof, or any person having an interest therein for the purchase thereof.” I can see by the correspondence that there were two lawyers involved on behalf of my grandfather and my uncle. I’m guessing they were not going to go easily with this! In the end, the Relief Commission took a four-foot strip of disputed land. In August of 1919, receipts show that James P. Vaughan purchased prop- erty at the corner of Hanover and Veith Vicinity of Albert Street property after the Explosion (wreck of the Imo can be seen grounded on the Streets (just around the corner from Dartmouth shore) his former home on Albert Street) for $700.00 from Murdock Finlay of Rox- Incorporate the Halifax Relief Commission $147.00, detailing the cost of materials bury, Massachusetts. Cheques were also and a copy of Rehousing for the Halifax and labour for a temporary home and written for shingles, nails, and glass. At Relief Commission … Drawings and coal shed. some time between 1919 and 1921, he Specifications from Ross and MacDonald In the planning for reconstruc- built a two storey building on Hanover Architects of Montreal. I suspect these tion, Albert Street, where Grandfather Street, which became home for two of were obtained in an effort to comply Vaughan had owned civic numbers 97, his sons. The lower floor was a store that with regulations. The Relief Commission 99, 101, and 103, was slated to be wid- they operated called Vaughan Brothers would, it seems, become a source of ened and turned into a major thorough- Grocery. That building remains to this much frustration for my grandfather and fare. Items of ongoing correspondence day. Next to this on Veith Street, he built his son Jim. with the Relief Commission and with another house, which also still exists, for In November of 1918, almost a year Pickings & Roland Surveyors spanned his brother-in law. after the Explosion, my grandfather the years 1918 through 1920. The During the winter of 1920, my wrote a letter to Governor Samuel Mc- Relief Commission listed all four of the grandfather had problems with his Call, who was visiting Halifax at the time. Vaughan properties in the newspaper as water pipes breaking in what must He thanked Gov. McCall and people of being held up for expropriation, yet sent have been by then a more permanent Massachusetts for the assistance they a letter to my grandfather stating that structure at 101 Albert Street. He sent a had rendered to Haligonians. He went they had no intention of acting on the bill to the Halifax Relief Commission for on to say that he believed the Relief notices. damage to his plumbing. It seems as Commission were making efforts to The family story is that when they though this may have been forwarded disguise the ongoing hardships that still came to survey the land for re-align- to the city. The response letter from persisted. In a bitter closing, he wrote, “I ment, my grandfather stood stubbornly the Assistant City Engineer throws the am living in temporary quarters which with a shotgun in hand, demanding that ball back into the Relief Commission’s I was obliged to construct at my own they rightfully recognize what he knew hands: “Dear Sir: In reply to your letter of expense, with the understanding that was his. Handwritten notes sketch out a the 11th inst, the reason that you have my home and houses would be built letter that my grandfather presumably been unable to get water since the date last Spring. I am still left in suspense, later sent to Pickings & Roland Survey- mentioned, is that the Relief Commis- and the Relief Commission are decidedly ors, granting them permission, as agents sion have cut down the roadway on unconcerned as to how I am to provide of the Relief Commission, to come onto Albert Street, leaving in some places for relief for the approaching winter.” his property for the purposes of verify- only about 18 inches of covering over Also among the papers from the attic ing his contested property claim. the water pipe and due to this, the latter was an undated carbon copy of a bill for The section from the Relief Com- froze. In January we attempted to thaw

September 2017 11 this out and had thawed about 60 feet School Bungalow, and the Protestant when the attempt had to be abandoned Boys’ Home, where St Agnes School now owing to the extreme cold, and it was stands. Interestingly, he built the first considered that even tho’ we succeeded pedestal for the very controversial statue in clearing the pipe it would freeze of Edward Cornwallis. again. I would suggest that you take this My grandfather died in 1940. The matter up with the Relief Commission. stories I have of him are those relayed I can appreciate the inconvenience you by my father and other family relatives, have suffered and have every sympathy as well as information gained from the for you in not being able to get water, treasures in the attic and trips to the but you can readily see that the fault library and archives. My father and does not lie with this Department. Yours his older brothers were all successful faithfully, HW Johnston, Asst. City Engi- businessmen who contributed to Halifax neer” — Imagine the frustration! in various ways. I, along with my sisters My grandfather’s woes with the Re- and brothers, am most fortunate to have lief Commission prompted him to write some tangible links to our family history. a letter to the Editor, slamming the Com- Now we not only have the documents mission, in March of 1920. It is unclear to that tell a broader family story, but we which paper he wrote, or if it was ever can still see the fruits of our grandfa- published. His harsh criticism and a call Family members in front of house built by James ther’s labour and tenacity, in the homes P. Vaughan at 103 Albert Street (now 3237 Devon- for an investigation into their dealings, shire Avenue) circa 1933 he built in north-end Halifax. leave the reader in no doubt about his opinion of the group at the helm. “How Sheila Fougère is a life-long Haligonian farcical it all seems. The houses con- James P. Vaughan went on to work and a former HRM councillor, first elected structed in the devastated area are now as a contractor and brick layer in Nova as the lone woman on Council in 1998. held up for sale at prohibitive prices, Scotia, Boston and Newfoundland. He and all comers, barring the victims of worked on Halifax landmarks such as the All illustrations courtesy of the author the Explosion, may select their choice Nova Scotian Hotel, the Lord Nelson Ho- … Expropriation of properties, cloaked tel, the original Halifax Infirmary, Oxford by a suddenness of civic enterprise and improvement, was one of the methods employed to take away the last hope of those who some day planned to have continued from page 9 their houses replaced on the spot where they had lived since their childhood, but the sufferers have no such prospect, and we find the remnants of families scattered about everywhere.” In closing, he welcomed a rebuttal from the Relief Commission. No evidence of this exists. By 1922, five years after the Explo- sion, things seem to have settled some- what. My grandfather married Agnes Leahy and had built his permanent resi- dence at 103 Albert Street. He eventu- ally built several houses, which still stand today, on Albert Street, Hanover Street, and Veith Street. I have further research to do to clarify dates of construction. In 1923, Agnes gave birth to a son, Philip, at O’Shaughnessy Private Hospital (to- day an apartment building at the corner of Gottingen and North streets). I am The Gothic revival Denny Smith House, ca. 1875, for sale through Century 21 Trident Realty (Lee Coley, Philip Vaughan’s daughter. 902-402-6686)

12 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia JUST PUBLISHED Sketch by Sketch Along Nova Scotia’s South Shore

Formac Publishing (James Lorimer and Company) have announced the publica- Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia tion of Emma FitzGerald’s latest book. Illustrated Public Lecture Series Readers of The Griffin will be familiar with Emma’s work, which we have featured September 21 November 16 more than once. ISBN 9781459504769, Liam Caswell Blair Beed Hardcover, $24.95, publication 1 Sep- When the War Came Home: Halifax, City of Sadness, and tember 2017, 140+ illustrations. a Dartmouth Perspective on the White Star Connections the 1917 Harbour Explosion All talks take place at 7:30 pm October 19 on the 3rd Thursday of the month Col. John Boileau Defending the Great Long Museum of Natural History Auditorium 1747 Summer Street, Halifax Harbour: Halifax’s Military Built Access from visitors’ parking lot Heritage during the First World War Information: 902-423-4807

September 2017 13 BOOK REVIEW Company Houses, Company Towns: Heritage and Conservation

Edited by Andrew Molloy and Tom Urba- niak. Sydney: Cape Breton University Press, 2016.

Gerald L. Pocius

On a drive from the heritage neighbour- hoods of Sydney to working-class Whit- ney Pier, one passes the company hous- es along Victoria Road, duplex dwellings now in ill-repair, many boarded up and empty. Where, in recent memory, scores of buildings that comprised the SYSCO steel plant sprawled over the land sepa- rating genteel Sydney from the ethnic workers of Whitney Pier, few structures remain today. In its place acres of green grass, devoid of most other vegetation, have become Open Hearth Park — an eerie legacy to an industrial town of houses both grand and modest, houses that extended to the edges of the mill site. In the world of built heritage, such industrial landscapes are often neglect- ed, disappearing, poorly understood, dismissed. Andrew Molloy’s and Tom Urbaniak’s collection, Company Houses, Company Towns: Heritage and Conserva- tion, opens up necessary conversations on this important heritage. The essays in Company Houses, Com- pany Towns are important first for their documentation of a wide range of Cana- dian industrial heritage — buildings and landscapes — from the Yukon to Ontario, Quebec, and then Atlantic Canada. In- dustrial buildings are quick to disappear. Factories and warehouses can be gentri- fied and repurposed into condos and trendy lofts, but the coal wash houses, the smelters, the ore crushers, quickly vanish when deindustrialization occurs. As do the modest company houses. Several essays set a framework for The buildings associated with the mine industrial site: documentation then issues important in understanding Nova still standing are from the 1940s and demolition? Scotia’s industrial landscapes and build- 50s, “simple, unadorned, functional.” The In contrast to Elsa, two essays deal ings. Barbara Hogan et al. document mill site is largely contaminated and with company towns that have pre- the Elsa silver mine landscape in the ongoing plans involve the demolition served remnants of their landscape heri- Yukon. A number of camp communi- of many structures. The situation at tage through government leadership ties emerged in the area, beginning Elsa raises questions of what to do with and civic action. Alex Forbes chronicles around 1913, the last closing in 1989. abandoned buildings at a contaminated the industrial history of Marysville, New

14 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia Brunswick, a nineteenth-century mill heritage issue facing the built world of value. Is industrial built heritage only a town on the Nashwaak River system. Lu- company towns: the fate of the ordinary possibility with gentrification? cie Morisset and Jessica Mace examine company house. Gail Weir discusses The collection of essays assembled the company town of Arvida in Quebec, worker’s houses on Bell Island, New- by Tom Urbaniak and Andrew Molloy is founded in 1925 by the Aluminum Com- foundland, describing family histories of an important contribution to the specif- pany of America. the meagre dwellings built by the Nova ics and the material legacy of industrial What makes the studies of both Scotia Steel and Coal Company. Rich- towns and landscapes. But what is even Arvida and Marysville important are the ard MacKinnon provides an important more important is that this volume discussion of the efforts made by local typology of company houses in the raises questions of why company towns residents to ensure the preservation of Sydney area, demonstrating the wide — and especially company houses — important industrial features of both range of housing built there. Finally, still remain a challenge in the built heri- towns. In Marysville, the large surviving Tom Urbaniak and Andrew Molloy focus tage world. The fact remains that there cotton mill became a rallying point to specifically on one of these typical Cape are few if any actual company houses in raise awareness to the importance of Breton company houses, and the Habi- the coal and steel towns of the Sydney the town’s built legacy. Private owners tat for Humanity project to retrofit it, area restored, that there is no notion of the remaining company row hous- rehabilitate it, and put it on the market that restorations should involve ordinary ing began to take steps to rescue and for modern re-use. worker’s houses. Each year, one more renovate what they increasingly saw as These three essays point to a duplex company house on Victoria Road important parts of the town’s history. troubling heritage quandary: that the disappears, several more are boarded Arvida, on the other hand, never was ubiquitous small company house is up, gradually becoming intangible divorced from its industrial legacy: not a candidate for rescue and restora- memories. Company Towns, Company aluminum continues to drive the town’s tion. Company houses are typically Houses raises as many questions as economy. And thus generational not considered heritage houses, but answers, and reveals that the company interest in the well-built homes of the candidates for demolition. Built heritage house remains an unresolved enigma, community led to extensive programs often depends on gentrification, with a built form that does not easily fit into that ensured the continuity of the built proper return for investment. The experi- the heritage world of opulent banks, heritage that coincided with town life. ment of rescuing and rehabilitating the fine churches, and stately mansions. The economics of typical company Glace Bay company house indicated the towns are usually based on an extractive monetary constraints on such efforts: Gerald L. Pocius is Visiting Research Profes- or manufacturing industry; as that indus- retrofitting costs exceeding market sor at Cape Breton University in Sydney. try declines, heritage often takes over. Tom Urbaniak’s essay, however, discusses a unique form of organized community, ARTIST one founded not on the industry of mill Shelley Mitchell or mine, but on the heritage industry itself. Urbaniak examines the complex heritage of the town of Kaszuby, Ontario, a site where various forms of Polish iden- tity have been contested over the years. Kaszuby has seen both its tangible and intangible Polish identity evolve since the nineteenth century, from original Polish farm settlements, to intentional Polish heritage landscapes beginning in the 1950s: scouting camps, summer cot- tages, permanent houses of Polish new- comers. Urbaniak’s essay is an important case study of the very nature of heritage; as he argues, “heritage and place are not meant to be finally and authoritatively defined, but continually redefined, ques- tioned and explored” (p. 179). Three essays deal with what is the most challenging and most problematic The Halifax Club, by Shelley Mitchell, 2008, oil on canvas, 24” x 36” (courtesy of the artist)

September 2017 15 COMMUNITY HERITAGE Did You Know? Houses Have Tales

Leslie Childs called Canada (combining what today behind them. are Ontario and Quebec). Those promot- Amherst, Nova Scotia, along with HTNS’s travelling photo exhibit, Witness- ing the new capital understood that many other communities, received a es to a New Nation, has had lots of great architecture could play a pivotal role in Thomas Fuller post office. Built in 1884- outcomes in Amherst, where it ran for communicating Canada’s importance 1886 by Rhodes Curry, a well-known two weeks in early July this year. Some and position in the world. The new leg- Amherst firm working across the region, were predictable, like raising the profile islature was to sit high on a promontory the new post office was built of red of built heritage, meeting new people overlooking the river and the country sandstone that was quarried locally. It who share a passion for old buildings, to the north and west. In 1859, a design stood tall and proud at the town’s main and heightened appreciation for the competition was held and a contract entrance, welcoming all to a place of im- depth of history in this small community was awarded to the winners, Thomas portance. Local craftsmen added floral on the “other side of the Cobequid.” But Fuller and his associate, Chilion Jones. carvings and a magnificent copper-clad the best lesson I learned was that Houses The resulting Gothic-revival Houses of clock with four faces. Who could doubt Have Tales and that it’s the stories about Parliament opened on 6 June 1866, a that important things happened in a people and their community where full year before Confederation became community that was home to such many people’s interests really lie. a reality. grandeur? Built heritage is, I suppose, all about By the 1870s, the government de- From the arrival of the Intercolo- architectural details, house styles, work- cided that it was time to have a strong nial Railway (ICR), Amherst’s prosperity men, and economic history, but this presence in cities and towns across the began to grow quickly. Local entrepre- summer I learned that it is more impor- country. English-born Thomas Fuller neurs built more sandstone buildings, tantly about people and the connec- became the Chief Dominion Architect large factories appeared, and businesses tions to these important places, large and immediately set to work to plant branched into other related industries. and small, in their lives. the federal stamp across the country, Successful companies such as Rhodes It all began when I started to think often in the form of a Post Office, Cus- Curry, Hewson Woolen Mills, Tingley about advertising the photo exhibit. I toms House, or both. The buildings were Granite, and more took advantage of realized that I was focusing on getting grand and spoke loudly of the wealth, Amherst’s central Maritime location and word out to people who already knew power, and trustworthiness that stood the fact that if straddled the ICR main- and loved old houses — the converted — but how could I entice new view- ers to take time from their busy lives to think about built heritage and how it can affect their community … and maybe even become fans themselves? Amherst is richly endowed with heritage houses as well as imposing institutional and commercial structures. When (or if) people think about built heritage, many probably think of famous sites such as Canada’s Parliament, but not necessarily of familiar buildings close to home. Built heritage is right here at home, as much as in faraway ex- otic places. Why do we put more value on the unknown rather than on those places we know well? And often there are unexpected connections between heritage at home and elsewhere. In 1857, Queen Victoria named a This house at 171 East Victoria Street in Amherst was built by John Bent about 1780, on a 600 acre land small town up the Ottawa River as the grant at the top of the Amherst Ridge with a stunning view of Fort Beauséjour (photo courtesy of the site for the new capital of a country author)

16 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia This house at 169 East Victoria in Amherst was built about 1875 by Arthur Dickey, son of Father of Confederation R.B. Dickey; Arthur was later MP for Cum- berland County (1888-1896), serving in several portfolios including Minister of Justice and Attorney General for Canada (photo courtesy of the author) line. Thus was born “Busy Amherst” and How could I pull these photos I’d 130 Amherst structures. the latter’s prosperity led to the building taken into some kind of presentation The photographs, stories, and notes of many imposing homes. that would draw viewers in and en- contributed by exhibit viewers are filed To engage the public with built gage them? That’s when it came to me. together and the plan is to add more heritage in Amherst, I reasoned that Houses Have Tales. Houses have people buildings in Amherst and then more they needed to relate to something and people have lives. More often than widely in Cumberland County. The local and familiar, to which they already not, something noteworthy happened photos and ‘tales’ that go with them will had a connection — the houses and in or around every house in town … and be shared on the Facebook page of the streetscapes they pass every day of their continues to happen. Amherst Heritage Trust (@amhersther- lives, the places their grandparents and Along with the HTNS Witnesses itagetrust). Over time, it will be pos- great grandparents knew, loved, and exhibit (featuring pre-Confederation sible to edit and update entries as new talked about. So on a whim, I grabbed buildings), which was on display at information arrives. To contribute to the my camera and began touring Amherst Dayle’s Grand Market for the first two Inventory, you can send your facts and streets, randomly photographing houses weeks of July, the Amherst Heritage stories through Facebook or by e-mail to and other buildings that looked interest- Trust exhibited 130 photos of Amherst [email protected]. ing to my eye. Some were big and some buildings from the 1770s through to were small; many were well maintained, 1915, the initial stage of the Amherst Leslie Childs, with Amherst Heritage Trust, others not so much. Some had turrets, Heritage House Inventory project. And is Cumberland, Colchester, and East Hants and many had back “ells”. But what did visitors (723 signed the guest book) regional representative on the Board of the they have in common? provided dates and stories for 104 of the Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia.

September 2017 17 EVENT Cape Breton Doors Open: a Self-Guided Tour of Inverness and Richmond County Churches

Places of worship are becoming endan- gered, especially in rural Nova Scotia. While most are still well used, some of these buildings are no longer in active use for worship. Yet they represent a significant community resource that was highly valued by early settlers.

Join us in exploring Cape Breton’s built heritage in a free, self-guided tour of 19 Richmond and Inverness County churches. Heritage Trust’s Places of Wor- ship Committee is coordinating a Doors Open event in cooperation with Roman Catholic and Protestant churches. Local community members will welcome visitors to churches in the following communities:

Arichat • Broad Cove • Cheticamp • Creignish • Dundee • Glencoe Mills • Inverness • Johnstown • Loch Lomond • Mabou • Northeast Margaree • Petit de Grat • Port Hood • Princeville • River De- nys • River Denys Mountain • Strathlorne • West Bay Road

Saturday, September 9 from 10 am to 4 pm Sunday, September 10 from 1 pm to 4 pm (some exceptions)

St Peter’s Church, Port Hood (poster by Greg McGrath)

Halifax Harbour Explosion – 100th Anniversary Exhibit

Saint Patrick’s Church, Halifax, will be not limited to the parish story. It features et les Secours Américains, DTours), it is hosting a public exhibit in the parish stories of people and organizations con- a gathering of materials from various hall, 2263 Brunswick Street, November nected to the worst disaster in Canadian sources. Janet Kitz, author of Shattered 23 to December 6, to mark the 100th history. Led by historian and author City, has kindly contributed map and Anniversary of the Halifax Harbour Blair Beed and based on his books (1917 photograph panels. Books, photographs, Explosion. Although St Patrick’s was Halifax Explosion and American Response and furniture loaned by survivor families damaged and restored, the exhibit is Nimbus; L’Explosion de 1917 à Halifax will be on display.

18 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia September 2017 19 Programs Sponsored by Other Societies

Annapolis Heritage Society Forest Festival, celebrating all our forests have “The people’s rights we have sustained” - the North Hills Museum Tea & Garden Party, Septem- to offer, October 14 and 15, 11 am-4 pm, free Nova Scotian Repeal and Annexation Movements ber 10, 2-4 pm. Free family events of live music, admission. (1867–1869), lecture by Mathias Rodorff, PhD tea and treats at North Hills Museum, 5065 Gran- Eastern Shore Players Dinner Theatre, an original candidate, History Department, LMU Munich ville Road, Granville Ferry. Donations welcome. murder mystery dinner theatre in the Heritage and , November 15, Hon. John William Ritchie: Annapolis Royal-born Village Cookhouse, October 20-22, 5:30 for 7:30 pm. Father of Confederation, exhibit at O’Dell House 6 pm, $40. City’s Saviours: the Military Response to the Halifax Museum (136 St George Street) until October 9. 902-845-1937; 1-877-287-0697 (toll-free); www. Explosion, lecture by Col. John Boileau (Ret’d): 902-532-7754; annapolisheritagesociety.com heritagevillage.ca December 13, 7:30 pm https:// rnshs.ca; [email protected] Colchester Historeum Ottawa House Museum 29 Young Street, Truro 1155 Whitehall Road, Parrsboro St George’s Round Church, Halifax The story of ‘Mary Miller Her Book’ and similar Christmas Tea and Bake Sale: September 24, 2-4 Fall lecture series: manuscript tunebooks, lecture by Dr. Nancy Vo- pm, Tea $7 per person. History of the Little Dutch Church and the Com- gan, retired educator from Music Dept, Mount 902-254-2376; [email protected] munity That Built It, Garry Shutlak, Saturday Allison University, September 28, 7:30 pm. September 9, 2 pm, in the Little Dutch Church. 902-895-6284; colchesterhistoreum.ca Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society Averting the Malignity of Slander: Treason, Murder, Public lectures held at Public Archives of Nova and a Conspiracy of Weak and Deluded Men, the Fieldwood Heritage Society Scotia, 6016 University Avenue, Halifax. story of the only man buried in St George’s crypt, Barns of the Eastern Shore, lecture by Gordon Folklore – Is it Relevant in the 21st Century? Phyllis Matthew MacDonald, Saturday September 16, Hammond, September 14, 7 pm, St John’s R Blakeley Memorial Lecture by Clary Croft, 2 pm, in the Round Church. Anglican Church, corner of Church Street September 20, 7:30 pm. Sacred Geometry in the Architecture of the Round and Hwy 358, Port Williams. Lecture will be The End of the “Gentlemen’s Agreement”: the Church, 1800-1827, Matthew Vanderkwaak, preceded by tour of a barn across the street, 6 Collapse of Catholic Education in Nova Scotia, Saturday September 30, 2 pm, in the Round pm, and followed by a general discussion on lecture by Robert Bérard, Professor and Director Church barn typology and similarities and differences of Graduate Education, Mount Saint Vincent between Eastern Shore and Annapolis Valley University, October 18, 7:30 pm. barns. Admission $10 (cash or cheque). [email protected]

Hantsport & Area Historical Society Meetings are held at 7 pm at St Andrew’s Angli- can Church, 59 Main Street, Hantsport Locations of subject matter in this issue Field Trip to Akin’s Burial Grounds in Falmouth, September (date TBA). Regular Society Meeting, September 27. Official Opening of Hantsport Heritage Centre, October 21 (tentative). Regular Society Meeting, with guest speaker, October 25. Regular Society Meeting, with guest speaker, November 22. 902-352-2025; http://nsgna.ednet.ns.ca/hantsport; facebook.com/HantsportAreaHistoricalSociety

Industrial Heritage Nova Scotia with the NS Museum of Industry, Stellarton Come Dig with Us! We’ll be excavating on the site of the Albion Mines Foundry (1828), Sep- tember 9-10, free, all ages welcome (children must be joined by an adult). Please pre-register by calling the museum, 902- 755-5425

Memory Lane Heritage Village 5435 Clam Harbour Road, Lake Charlotte Musique Royale Concert in the historic Clam Harbour Church, followed by a lamp-lit three course dinner in the Cookhouse, September 9, concert 5:00-6:30 pm, dinner 7 pm, $55.

Base map data courtesy of Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada

20 The Griffin • Heritage Trust of Nova Scotia