A self study reference & practice book for Contingent Police Force (GCSPF)

GURKHA MEDICINE GURKHA BASE CAMP PVT. LTD. Sukedhara-4, Kathmandu, Tel No.: 01 4374021

Written & Collected by: TEJ LIMBU ANIL RAI BIKASH SHRESTHA Cell : 01-4374021 / 9851042936 [email protected]/[email protected]

Edition : First 2017/18

Cover Design & Printed @: Tilak (Laka) Khaling Rai LOGIC PRODUCTION PVT. LTD. Budhanilakantha-11, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 01 4370801/9843460335 Email: [email protected]

______Gurkha Medicine ______PREFACE

Keeping in view the demand of a complete solution book for joining in the and the Gurkha Contingent. We have launch the book “Gurkha Medicine” for the forthcoming candidates who are keen on joining in the British Army & The Gurkha Contingent . To cut the entire matter in short, many writers have brought many junk written (book) but they haven’t been able to fulfill the requirement of the candidates as well as conscious teacher of this field. So we assure that at least this book assists to them who are interested to make their career in the British Army & Gurkha Contingent. In this book, we have complied all the requirement materials and information deliberately and in a sequential order which encompass the Regional Selection as well as Central Selection knowledge. Also this book has brought you the collection of all passed question and its solution which were asked in previous selection. Many probable model question for intake 2017 / 18 with solutions, exercise and its answers have been presented in our book. Many people contributed in a variety of ways so we’d like to thank all of them for their constant support and encouragement. Despite trying to hard labor it might be possible to error and omission so meritorious and constructive suggestions are heartily welcome and will be incorporated to the next edition.

Authors Tej Limbu Anil Rai Bikash Shrestha ______Gurkha Medicine ______CRITERIA FOR ATTENDANCE AT BRITISH AND GCSPF RECRUIT INTAKE 2018

1. AGE QUALIFICATIONS. • Age: Minimum 17 ½ and maximum 21 years of age as at 01 Jan 2018. • Born between AD 01/01/1997 – 01/07/2000 (BS 17/09/2053 – 17/03/2057)

2. EDUCATION QUALIFICATIONS. • For those sitting Nepal up to 2015 (British Army or GCSPF): SLC 3rd Div as minimum • For those sitting Nepal SLC from 2016 onwards applying British Army: Min 3 x C and 2 x D grades. Must have C grade in Maths and English. • For those sitting Nepal SLC from 2016 onwards applying GCSPF: Min 3 x C and 2 x D grades. Must have C grade in English. • For those (British Army or GCSPF) with GCSE, O Level or other National Certificates equivalent to SLC must have minimum of 5 subjects with minimum grades of 3 x Cs and 2 x Ds (Must passed English and Math). SLC compartmental pass (private SLC and open learning) will be accepted. N level and any vocational subject passes will not be accepted.

3. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS. • Height: Minimum 158cm • Weight: Minimum 50kg • Eyes: Glasses/Contact Lenses/Laser Surgery Not accepted • Physique: Physical abnormality will not be accepted. • Teeth: For BA: No more than four faults (fillings, gaps or false teeth) • Front false teeth will not be accepted. • For GCSPF: No more than two fillings or one false tooth or a gap. • False front teeth will not be accepted. • Sick: An Individual PR who is suffering from transferable diseases will not be accepted. 4. SELECTION PROCEDURES Registration (10 Jun – 22 Jul 17). The application form for Registration will be available at no cost at the two Army Careers. a. Information Offices (ACIOs) at British Gurkhas (BGP) and British Gurkhas Dharan (BGD). Completed forms must be submitted in person and the PRs will be asked to sign a record of submission. PRs must bring the original documents and photocopies as described below at para 4 and para 5 as applicable. In addition PRs must bring PT shorts and a black ball pen for registration. Any applicant who fails to do 8 heaves prior to registration will not be registered. Applicants are to be decided as to whether they are applying for enlistment into the British Army (BA) or Gurkha Contingent Singapore Police Force (GCSPF). Instructions for Regional Selection will be published on the British Gurkhas Nepal website http://www.army.mod.uk/gurkhas/ 27898. aspx, at ACIOs, at British Gurkhas Kathmandu (BGK) and at Area Welfare Centers on 31 Jul ______Gurkha Medicine ______17. b. Regional Selection. Only those PRs who have submitted an application form and met the minimum criteria set out above will be permitted to attend Regional Selection (RS) either in Pokhara or Dharan. Different dates for attendance will be allocated as per the zilla where a PR is registered according to his NPP. • Physical assessment during RS will be as follows: ▪ Heaves: For BA (Under Arm) and GCSPF (Over Arm) as many heaves to the beam as possible (minimum 12, no time limit). o Sit-ups: as many sit-ups as possible in 2 minutes on flat ground (minimum 70) and 800m run (time under 2 minutes 40 seconds). ▪ Powerbag Lifts (BA Only): To lift a 30kg powerbag from the ground to a 1.45m platform repetitively. Repeat the exercise until the individual is unable the perform a lift onto the platform. See http://www.army.mod.uk/ gurkhas/27898.aspx for details. A demonstration will be shown at Registration. ▪ Jerry Can Carry (BA Only): Carry 2 Jerry cans each weighing 20 kg over a course of 30 metres in length for as many times as possible until failure. See http://www.army.mod.uk/gurkhas/27898.aspx for details. A demonstration will be shown at Registration. ▪ Medical: There will be basic medical checks. ▪ Education. For both BA and GCSPF there will be written English and Mathematic tests – though BA and GCSPF use different test papers. ▪ At the end candidates will be interviewed in English and Nepali by a board consisting of one British and one Gurkha Officer. There will be a short Devanagari test at interview stage. Failure to read Devanagari could affect your chance of success. c. Central Selection. Successful candidates at Regional Selection will be call forward for the Central Selection at British Gurkhas Pokhara

Camp. The instruction will be published on 9 Sep 17 for Western candidates and 17 Nov 17 for Eastern candidates. During this period a series of physical, educational and medical assessments will be conducted. There will be no swim test for any applicant. Applicants will be briefed further during Regional Selection.

5. DOCUMENTS / CERTIFICATES. All candidates must bring the following ORIGINAL documents as well as an A4 size photocopy of all documents to Registration. PRs are to bring original documents to Regional and Central Selection. a) Nagarikta ko Praman Patra (NPP). h. Machine Readable Passport (MRP). b) Marriage Certificate (if married). i. Birth Certificates of children (where applicable). c) Parents’ Nagarikta ko Praman Patra. j. Parent’s Marriage Certificate if father’s name is not mentioned on mother’s NPP d) Parent’s Death Certificate (where applicable). k. Migration Certificate (where applicable). e) Caste Verification (Where applicable). f) f. Education: SLC Examination Certificate (Prabeshika Parikschha Praman Patra), SLC Examination Mark Sheet, Character Certificates are also to be brought.

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RECRUIT REQUIREMENT RI18:

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BACKGROUND OF THE SINGAPORE: The Singapore is situated at south east of Asia. It is physically small but very beautiful and developed country in the world, so it is also known as tourism place in the world. Actually background of the Singapore is a migrated. Community therefore people of the Singapore are mixed, such as Chinese, Indian, Muslim, Tamil, Arab, English and other minor ethnic. They are very educated, civilized, helpful and co-operative for each other. We can go easily in its neighboring country by air, sea and road. In the city, there is no need of a car, public transportation is excellent and walking is a good way to explore the city. All major attraction is also accessible by tour bus. Since the city is only 60 miles (100 km) from equator, the temperatures do not vary much. Rainfall is fairly distributed through the year. Weather of Singapore is static so there is very rare chance for people to get sick. No matter when you choose to visit, warm weather will be abundantly available. The visitor is struck immediately by Singapore’s abundance of parks, nature reserves, lush and tropical greenery.

Gurkha Contingent The Gurkha Contingent (Abbreviation: GC) is a line department of the Singapore Police Force consisting primarily of Gurkhas from Nepal. Members of the GC are trained to be highly skilled and are selected for their display of strong discipline and dedication in their tasks. The principal role of the contingent is to be a special guard force, and it is currently used as a counter-terrorist force. ______Gurkha Medicine ______

History: The GC was formed on 9 April 1949 in the wake of Indian independence from the , when Gurkhas of Nepal battalions from the British were divided between the Indian Army and the British Army as per the terms of the Britain– –Nepal Tripartite Agreement. Those transferred to the British Army were posted to other remaining British Colonies. In Malaya and Singapore, their presence was required in the , and their roles were to replace the Sikh unit in Singapore which reverted to the Indian Army on Indian independence. Just a year after their formation, their presence became an asset when racial riots between the Malay and European communities broke out over the disputed custody of Maria Hertogh. The GC troopers were again activated when major rioting erupted all over the country between the ethnic Malays and Chinese on Prophet Mohammed's birthday from 21 July 1964 till September that same year. At that time, their presence as a neutral force was important because local police officers were often perceived to be (or were even expected to be) biased towards their own ethnic groups when handling race-related issues, further fuelling discontent and violence. Officers who attempt to carry out their duties impartially and in full accordance with the law also faced social backlash from their own ethnic communities, a difficult situation which can even lead to physical harm to individual officers. In his autobiography, former Singapore Prime Minister recounted the use of the Gurkha Contingent as an impartial force at the time when Singapore had just gained independence. He wrote:

______Gurkha Medicine ______"When I returned to Oxley Road [Lee's residence], Gurkha policemen (recruited by the British from Nepal) were posted as sentries. To have either Chinese policemen shooting Malays or Malay policemen shooting Chinese would have caused widespread repercussions. The Gurkhas, on the other hand, were neutral, besides having a reputation for total discipline and loyalty." Manpower and training Since its formation in 1949 with 142 men, the contingent has grown to over 2,000 in size in 2003.[1] Young men are recruited in Nepal at the British Gurkha camp in Pokhara. About 320 are selected annually in December out of a pool of over 20,000 applications[2] with about 80 eventually joining the GC while the rest will go to the British Army. Some of the basic physical admission criteria in the recruitment camp include: • Aged 17½ to 21 • Minimum height of 160 centimetres (5 feet 3 in) • Minimum weight of 50 kilograms (110 lbs) • Chest circumference of 79 centimetres (31 in) with minimum 5 centimetres (2 in) expansion • No applicants needing eyesight aids will be accepted. • Generally good oral hygiene, with up to two fillings, false teeth or a single gap. Applicants are expected to possess a minimum education level of SLC 3rd Division equivalent to the GCE Ordinary Level. Upon registration, they have to go through a battery of physical and mental assessments prior to selection, including oral and written tests in the English language, a mathematics test, a board interview and medical examination. The annual selection process, which normally takes 17 days but is spread over four months due to conditions in Nepal, will then assign recruits to either the GC or the British Army. ______Gurkha Medicine ______Upon successful selection, GC trainees are flown to Singapore, and housed at the permanent base of the GC at Mount Vernon Camp where they will receive a ten-month-long training before being subsequently deployed for duties. The training phase of GC officers is relatively unknown, although they have been noted to use the jungles in for training. Arrangements with the Royal Police Force have allowed Gurkha officers to conduct jungle training in Brunei for several years. Training from external agencies were also received from the SAF Medical Training Institute for medical courses.[3] Organization and rank structure Members of the Singapore Police Force Gurkha Contingent Pipes and Drums Platoon performing at the Police Week Carnival 2005. There are a total of 9 Gurkha Guard companies commanded by Local & British Officer. As a British colonial import, the first contingent commander was a British officer, and till today, it remains the only military or police unit to be headed by a British officer in Singapore seconded from the British Army. The current commander is Assistant Commissioner Ross Forman. The contingent also has its own Gurkha Band Contingent, the Gurkha Contingent Pipes and Drums Platoon, which is part of the Singapore Police Force Band. The Gurkha Contingent Pipes and drums platoon is commanded by P & D OIC Insp Prem Kumar Rai.

______Gurkha Medicine ______Ranks The rank structure of the GC has remained largely unchanged over the years, thus retaining several ranks which have since been abolished in the rest of the police Force. It is currently the only unit to retain the rank of Chief Inspector, and to recruit new officers as Constables as opposed to regular officers in the rest of the SPF who start from a minimum rank of Sergeant. Junior Abbreviation Senior officers Abbreviation officers

Constable PC Inspector INSP

Chief Inspector C/INSP

Corporal CPL Assistant Superintendent ASP

Sergeant SGT Deputy Superintendent DSP

Staff Sergeant SSGT Superintendent SUPT Senior Staff Deputy Assistant SSSGT DAC

Sergeant Commissioner Station

SI Assistant Commissioner AC

Inspector Deployment A Gurkha officer patrols around Raffles City during the 117th IOC Session. He is easily identified by the tilted Hat Terrai Gurkha and the seen affixed to the back of his belt. Before the September 11, 2001 attacks, the GC was seldom seen in public besides being stationed at key locations such as , and the homes of VIPs such as former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and the . They were also seen ______Gurkha Medicine ______stationed at important foreign properties such as the British High Commission and installations which require added security such as the Currency House at . Changing security concerns since 2001 has led to a more active deployment of GC troopers in recent years, and a review of their existing roles. Previously known for standing guard atop lookout towers at Changi Prison where the country's top criminals are housed, this role has since been outsourced to private forces in the mid-2000s with the liberalisation of the private armed security industry. Besides guarding key installations, Gurkha troopers are also increasingly deployed during key national events. They are deployed during the annual National Day Parade, and complemented the police's stringent security measures during the 117th IOC Session held in Singapore in July 2005. In addition, they are also deployed to watch over sealed ballot boxes during the country's general elections. Most recently, the GC was involved in the hunt for escaped detainee Mas Selamat bin Kastari.[4] On 18 March 2004, three armed fugitives escaped from , after committing armed robbery, and fled by a motorised sampan to Pulau Tekong. Over 700 personnel from the police and the SAF were activated, with the first fugitive captured by the Gurkha officers within 34 hours from the commencement of the search operation. The second fugitive was arrested by the 's Special Task Squadron officers, while the last man was again caught by the GC six hours after the second arrest.[5] Less publicly known, is the GC's role in helping to train fellow officers in the police force, as well as other agencies including that of the military. Their fitness, combat and survival skills were imparted through various courses, in return for the help they have similarly received from other agencies in training GC troopers.

______Gurkha Medicine ______Gurkhas occasionally lead police Senior Officer trainees in runs and other physical training. The GC has also contributed to Singapore's overseas security and humanitarian missions. For example, GC officers were part of a 40-man Singapore Police Contingent to the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor in 2000.[6] They also joined a 30-man team to to help train about 1,500 local Iraqi trainers and police officers for three months before returning to Singapore on 19 September 2003.[7] Uniforms The uniforms of the GC are largely adapted from those of their regular counterparts, adopting the same dark blue outfit but distinguished by their signature headgear, the 'Gurkha hat'. Until recent times, the uniform has remained largely unchanged over the past decades, resulting in increased differences from that of regular police officers. For example, the adoption of embroidered ranks and badges, the abolition of long-sleeved shirts for short-sleeved ones, and the removal of the whistle and chain from the no.3 dress has not been followed by the Gurkhas. This resistance towards changes to the uniform for the sake of officer comfort and welfare is reflective of the contingent's culture of strict adherence to tradition and the placing of duty above self. From 2006 however, the uniform received radical updates in line with changes to the uniforms of their local counterparts, but the Gurkha hat remains unchanged. Gurkha hat The Hat Terai Gurkha is the name of the headgear worn by officers of the Gurkha Contingent in Singapore. A distinctive part of the Gurkha uniform not worn by any other member of the Singapore Police Force, it is named after the Terai region in Nepal, a location linked to the events surrounding the Gurkha War. Worn only during guard duty and on parades, the hat is made of khaki- ______Gurkha Medicine ______coloured felt with a dark blue puggaree wound around the hat with six folds. The aluminium silver anodised police force cap badge is affixed on the puggaree to the left. It is always worn with the chin strap and is deliberately tilted far enough to the right that the brim touches the right ear. Traditional Dress No. 3 The Gurkha Contingent marches past at the Police Day Parade 2005 held for the last time at the Police academy grounds in Thomson Road. The officers are dressed in the old no. 3 dress and carry the M16 rifle The Gurkha trooper's no. 3 dress, also called the working dress, is for general duties, including guard duties and on parade. The dark blue outfit, largely adapted from the Singapore Police Force (SPF), included the standard two front breast pockets on the shirt with aluminium-anodised collar badges, buttons and a black plastic name tag atop the right breast pocket. Since removed in the rest of the SPF, but retained by the GC, were the chromed service number pinned above the name tag, and the whistle and chain. The shirt was long-sleeved and neatly folded up, unlike the short- sleeved versions adopted for the no. 3 dress of the SPF. The sleeves were rolled down when the sun sets, and rolled up again when the sun rises. GC troopers continued to wear aluminium badges of rank, which were worn on the right sleeve, 11.5 centimetres below the right shoulder strap. Constables wore aluminium bars at the outer edges of the shoulder straps. The dark blue trousers were secured by the two-pronged black leather

______Gurkha Medicine ______Garrison Belt, and completed by standard-issued black leather boots. The trooper wears the Hat Terrai Gurkha when on guard duty and while on parade. While on guard duty, he is armed with a pistol and magazine pouch worn on the belt, and with the kukri affixed to the back of his belt. Additional weaponry and equipment may be issued depending on situational needs. When not on duty, the officer dons a blue beret with the metal police cap badge similar to older berets worn by combat officers of the SPF. Senior Gurkha officers are distinguished by a gold flash on the cap badge. The Duty Unit Sergeant wears an additional red sash with the uniform. Traditional Dress No. 4 Off-duty officers of the Gurkha Contingent wearing the beret with their old No. 4 dress, gathering at Raffles City during the 117th IOC Session. The traditional Gurkha no.4 dress was adapted from the combat dress of their regular counterparts, and was also known as the night dress, as they were worn during night duty. They were also worn for civil security duty and training, as well as range practices at any time of the day. The long sleeves of the dark blue shirt was similarly rolled up and down depending on duty requirements and time of day, and was devoid of metal accoutrements. Junior officers wore their service numbers using white embroidered lettering on a dark blue Velcro backing fixed above their right breast pocket. Ranks were sewn on the right sleeves and made of embroidered, white cloth. The dark blue

______Gurkha Medicine ______trousers were tucked into combat boots, and was topped by a dark blue beret. In the years leading up to major changes to the uniforms in 2006, the GC increasingly adopted the no.4 dress for active duty in public places, incorporating elements from the no.3 dress. Officers on duty during the National Day Parade and the 117th IOC Session wore the no.4 dress but with the Hat Terrai Gurkha. The shirt sleeves were rolled up, and included the metal whistle and chain. In addition, the rank was not sewn to the sleeves, but worn on a dark blue tab affixed to the right breast pocket with the rank in silver embroidered thread similar to that currently used by regular officers. Less often seen, but formally in frequent use during rioting incidents is the fire-resistant version of the combat dress, which feature zipper breast pockets and on the trousers. Gurkha officers may also wear the jungle dress, with camouflage-coloured uniforms based on the British Army DPM and jockey cap or khaki-coloured beret, and complemented by various forms of webbing for paramilitary and military training, duties in rural and forested areas, combat fitness training and when dispatched out of Singapore for overseas exercises. No more black uniform Social life and impact Gurkha Contingent officer at Raffles City during the 117th IOC Session giving directions to a member of the public. Their increased deployment in public areas has resulted in greater interaction between them and Singaporeans at large. ______Gurkha Medicine ______The entire contingent is housed in Mount Vernon Camp, which is their one-stop location for work as well as personal life. While most new recruits come to Singapore alone since they are usually in their late teens or early twenties, they are allowed to bring along their wives and immediate family members to Singapore as they move on into the next phases of their personal lives. Ultimately, the officers know they are here only on a temporary basis, further enforced by the fact that they are disallowed from integrating too much with local society. Due to their chief purpose as a neutral presence here, they are not allowed to marry Singaporean women, hence the allowance to bring their wives and children from Nepal to the camp. At the end of their contract, they are expected to return to their villages and back to a rural life dependent on agriculture. Only a handful have ever been known to have broken this tradition and chosen to stay in the city-state. The camp itself is built on a relatively secluded area in Mount Vernon, taking over facilities previously occupied by the reserve units. Comprehensive facilities to create a self-contained township-like complex allows most daily chores and needs to be fulfilled within the camp without too much interaction with the outside world. This also helps to reduce the amount of traffic into and out of the camp for security reasons. Still, dwellers in the complex are not prohibited from leaving the camp or using services and facilities outside it. Throngs of school- going Nepalese children regularly leave and enter the camp everyday, wearing the uniforms of national schools. The camp's close proximity to Bartley Secondary School has seen a significant number of Nepalese children being enrolled there, although they can also be found in schools much further away as the children become gradually assimilated into Singaporean society and culture. They cannot sink their roots deeply, however, as most of

______Gurkha Medicine ______them are in the country on dependent passes, and are compelled to leave Singapore when they turn 21. Still most of these young Nepalese are unlikely to follow their fathers' footsteps, and armed with education certificates, are expected to lead quite a different life compared to previous generations should they return to Nepal. The surrounding commercial outlets thrive on business brought about by the Nepalese community based here, and it is a common sight to see officers doing their daily recreational runs around the major roads close to the camp, albeit always in civilian running attire and running alone or in small groups to avoid drawing too much attention to themselves. The Gurkha community has been known to extend aid to their fellow Nepalese in Singapore, such as during the operation to separate the conjoined twins Ganga and Jamuna at the Singapore General Hospital in November 2001, where they helped to raise funds for the medical procedure and daily expenses, accommodated the family at their Mount Vernon home for a period of time, and assisting in making logistical arrangements for the family's transportation and other needs.[8] Back in Nepal, seeks to preserve the legacy and heritage of the Gurkhas with the opening of Gurkha Memorial Museum in the premises of Hotel Nature Land at Pardi, Pokhara. There, uniforms and badges of the GC are on display together with those serving with the British Army.[9] Locals and tourists alike have visited the place, a reflection of the high regard local Nepalese hold for their counterparts who have served in these overseas organisations. Despite their temporary employment basis, it is considered highly honourable to serve as a GC member back in Nepal, and there is always a ready pool of young men eager to join the contingent, with well over 20,000 applications seeking to join the British

______Gurkha Medicine ______Army or the GC annually for just 370 places. The good income, way of life, and affordable education for their children (or future children) are further draws. With the increasing concerns against terrorism and the continued security threat Singapore faces, it is likely the GC will have an increased and sustained role in Singapore's future, despite original intentions of the contingent itself as a temporary security measure during Singapore's turbulent early years. Immigration status About 2,000 Gurkhas are employed by the Singapore government. After six years of service they are allowed to bring their wives and children to Singapore until the end of their service. However their children are not allowed to stay after reaching twenty-one years of age. If this rule is not met, they can be arrested by the immigration authorities. The children are only allowed to study in Singapore. The children along with their wives are also not allowed to seek any kind of employment.

Singapore Police Force

Colonial History The Singapore Police Force has a heritage almost as old as that of modern Singapore, having been formed in 1819[10] with a skeleton force of 11 men under the command of Francis James Bernard, ______Gurkha Medicine ______son-in-law of William Farquhar, and kept in operation with a monthly budget of $300. Manpower constraints meant that the men had to perform a wide range of roles, and required the help of headmen amongst the various ethnic communities to maintain orderliness on the streets, all the more possible as the communities lived in segregated areas around the city. This partnership with the community was in line with Sir Stamford Raffles' vision of a thriving colony largely self-regulated by local social structures, with the British masters administrating it via indirect rule. The large influx of migrants from China, however, began to test this system when the hands-off approach by the British allowed secret societies in Singapore to thrive. Although originally formed with legal intentions of community bonding and the provision of assistance to fellow migrants, these societies gradually became influential, competitive, and increasingly engaged in illegal activity including monetary extortion from the masses, the operation of gambling dens, and the smuggling of illegal goods on top of more legal commercial operations to meet their financial needs. Competition gradually heated up between large rival factions, such as that between the larger Ghee Hin Kongsi, the Ghee Hock Kongsi and the Hai San Kongsi. Murders, mass riots, kidnappings, arson and other serious crimes became commonplace in the next four decades since the colony's founding. Faced with violent acts of crime which may involve thousands, such as the funeral riots of 1846 involving 9,000 members from the Ghee Hin and Ghee Hock secret societies, the police force was woefully incapable of bringing the situation under control, and often had to call in the army for assistance. The escalating number of serious crimes prompted the need for stronger legislation to deter would-be criminals. Singapore's first executions were thus held in the wake

______Gurkha Medicine ______of the first criminal session in June 1828, when a Chinese and Indian were found guilty and convicted for murder. Headed by Europeans and predominantly staffed by Malay and Indian officers, the force had little Chinese representation as the military and policing professionals were traditionally shunned by the Chinese community, which therefore impaired policing efforts amongst the large Chinese populace. In 1843, the force comprised a sitting magistrate doubling up as a superintendent, three European constables and an assistant native constable, 14 officers and 110 policemen. With a total strength of no more than 150 men, the police was compelled to avoid direct intervention in these mass acts of violence, else risking almost total annihilation. A repeat of this scenario occurred in 1851, when lingering displeasure against Roman Catholic ethnic Chinese erupted into major rioting leaving over 500 Chinese dead. The army was called in again, although it involved having to induct Indian convicts into military service almost overnight. In 1854, twelve consecutive days of violence sparked by a dispute between the Hokkiens and Teochews disrupted trade. This particular incident led to the formation of the military's Singapore Rifle Corps on 8 July 1854, the earliest predecessor of the Singapore Armed Forces' People's Defence Force today. Criminal violence was not merely in the domain of the ethnic Chinese, however. Rivalries between Malay princes and communities also often result in acts of violence, which prompted the passing of Singapore's first arms law in March 1823 restricting the right to bear arms to 24 of the Malay Sultan's followers. Nearly two centuries later, these anti-arms laws continue to be strictly enforced, resulting in a society relatively free from firearms- related criminal offences.[11]

______Gurkha Medicine ______Ranks A standard rank structure is used throughout the police force, although some ranks may be unique to specific organisations. These ranks are denoted where applicable in the following list, which lists them in ascending seniority: Police officers The rank of Corporal was abolished in 1972, but reinstated in 1976. In 1997, all ranks were shifted from the sleeves to the epaulettes, except for the Gurkha Contingent. Also in the same year, the Station Inspector rank was changed from collar pips to epaulettes with a new design similar to that of the SAF Warrant Officers, and the rank of Senior Station Inspector was introduced. In 1998, the Senior Station Inspector (2) rank was introduced, and changes were made to the SI, SSI, and SSI(2) rank designs. The rank of Lance Corporal was abolished in 2002. The 2006, the Gurkha Contingent adopted embroidered ranks as part of an overhaul of its combat dress, but are worn on the right front pocket. There was a major rank overhaul in 2016 with the removal of the ranks of CPL, SSGT, SSI and SSI(2), as well as the removal of the distinction between "Police Officers" and "Senior Police Officers" in what is now called a "unified police scheme".[25] Abbrevi Traine Regul Gurk Rank NSF NSmen VSC ation e ar ha

Constable PC - - - PC - PC Special SC TSC - SC - - -

Constable SC/CP CPL CPL

Corporal CPL TCPL CPL CPL L (NS) (V) SC/SG SGT SGT

Sergeant SGT TSGT SGT SGT T (NS) (V)

[26] Staff Sergeant SSGT - SSGT SSGT SSGT SSGT

______Gurkha Medicine ______(NS) (V) Senior Staff SSSG SSSGT SSSGT SSSG SSSGT - -

Sergeant T (NS) (V) T

Station Inspector SI - SI - SI (NS) SI (V) SI Senior Station SSI - SSI - SSI (NS) SSI (V) -

Inspector Senior Station SSI(2) SSI(2)( SSI (2) - SSI (2) - -

Inspector (2) (NS) V) OCT(N NSPI INSP INSP

Inspector INSP SF) INSP INSP NSI (NS) (V) P/INSP Assistant ASP(NS ASP ASP P/ASP ASP ASP

Superintendent ) (V) Deputy DSP(NS DSP DSP - DSP - DSP

Superintendent ) (V) SUPT(N SUPT(

Superintendent SUPT - SUPT - SUPT S) V) Deputy DAC(N DAC Assistant DAC - DAC - DAC S) (V)

Commissioner Assistant AC - AC - - AC(V) AC

Commissioner Senior Assistant SAC - SAC - - - -

Commissioner Deputy DCP/D Commissioner - DCP - - - - C of Police Commissioner CP - CP - - - - of Police

______Gurkha Medicine ______TERMS & CONDITION OF GURKHA CONTINGENT kl/ro (INTRODUCTION): ;g\ !($( ;fndf :yflkt uf]vf{ slG6Gh]G6 l;+ufk'/ k'ln; kmf];{sf] Pp6f ljlzi6 ;z:q xf] . uf]vf{ slG6Gh]G6sf] d'Vo e'ldsf ck/fw / cft+sjfb lj?4 n8g' / l;+ufk'/df cfGtl/s ;'/Iff pknJw u/fpg' xf] . uf]vf{ slG6Gh]G6 Pp6f tflnd k|fKt / cg'zfl;t ljlzi6 ;'/Iff an xf] h;n] nfdf] gf]s/Lsf] nflu pRr txsf elt{ x'g OR5's o'jfx?sf] rfxgf /fVb5 . Established on 9 April 1949, the GC is a specialist para-military unit in the Singapore Police Force. As a strategic force, it has vital roles in crime fighting, counter terrorism and internal security. GC is a highly trained and disciplined force that seeks high grade recruits for a long and rewarding career as a GC officer. gf]s/L cjwL (PERIOD OF EMPLOYMENT): • $% jif{ pd]/ ;Dd sf] gf]s/L kZrft\ k]G;g\ ;lxt cjsfz . • Service up to 45 years of age and retire with pension. • !% jif{sf] gf]s/L kl5 k]G;g\sf] xsbf/ . • Eligible for pension after 15 years of service. tflnd (TRAINING): • l;+ufk'/ aflx/ -ljb]zdf_ jf l;+ufk'/ leq tflnd ug]{ cj;/ pknJw . • Opportunities for training in Singapore and overseas. 5'6\6L / xjfO{ ofqfsf] ;'ljwf (LEAVE ENTITLEMENT & PASSAGE): • k|To]s # aif{ kl5 ^ dlxgfsf] tna ;lxtsf] 5'6\6Lsf] Joj:yf . • Entitled for 6 months paid vacation leave in Nepal in every 3 years. • clkmz/, >Ldlt / afn–aRrfx?sf] lglDt g]kfn cfjt hfjt ug{ lgMz'Ns xjfO{ l6s6sf] ;'ljwf . • Free air passage to and from Nepal for officer, his wife and children

______Gurkha Medicine ______kl/jf/ n}hfg] cg'dlt (FAMILY PERMISSION): • bf];|f] 5'6\6L kZrft\ -k|foM ^ aif{ kl5_ >Ldlt / afn–aRrfnfO{ l;+ufk'/ n}hfg] cg'dlt k|fKt . • Family permission after second Nepal leave (usually after 6 years) until retirement. • lgMz'Ns ljh'nL, Uof+; / kmlg{r/ ;lxtsf] lgMz'Ns Sjf6{/ pknJw . • Free accommodation with furniture, free electricity and gas. lzIff (EDUCATION): • gf]s/Lsf] cjlwdf afn–aRRffx?n] l;+ufk'/sf] ljBfnox?df cWoog ug{ kfpFg] . • Children are given education in Singapore’s schools. /f;g\sf] ;x'lnot (SUBSIDISED RATION) :jf:y ;'ljwfsf] k|jGw (MEDICAL BENEFITS): • cGo l;+ufk'/ k'ln; kmf];{sf hjfgx? ;F]–;/xsf] :jf:y ;'ljwfsf] k|jGw . • As per Singapore Police Officers hLjg ljdfsf] k|jGw (LIFE INSURANCE_: • b'Mv ljdf/L eP/ :jfefljs d[To' jf s'g} b'3{6gf eP/ c:jfefljs d[To' ePsf] v08df cfsif{s hLjg ljdfsf] k|jGw . • Group Term Life and Accident Insurance. ;~ro sf]ifsf] Joj:yf (CENTRAL PROVIDENT FUND)

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Length of service: Up to 27 years or age of 45 years [which comes first] Eligible for pension after 15 years of service. Pay and Allowances: Equivalent of Singapore Police Officers. Family Permission: After Second Nepal leave (usually after 6 years) up to length of service) Free accommodation with furniture furnishing and free electricity and gas Children Education: Up to ‘O’ level free of cost in Government School. Accommodation: Free of cost up to length of service. Leave Entitlement & Passage: Entitled for 6 months paid vacation leave in Nepal every 3 years. Free economy class air passage for officers, his wife and children. Married Quarter: Free of cost up to length of service. Life Insurance: Group Term life and Accident Insurance. Medical Benefits:

______Gurkha Medicine ______As Singapore police officers. Work Permit for Family: No work permits for family due to local rules. Promotion System: Direct Corporal (CPI) for 5 years of service. Subsidized Ratio: Central Provident fund: Language: Official Language is English, Other languages are Chinese, Malaya, Hindi and Tamil. Risk: No risk at all Main Responsibilities:

GC’S STRUCTURE AND ORGANISATION: There are 5 wings and 6 Guard Companies. Every A, B and C wings has Guard Company. SERA and TRG (Training Wing) are independent for their responsibilities. 1. A-wing: 1 and 2 Guard Company 2. B-wing: 3 and 4 Guard Company 3. C-wing: 5 and 6 Guard Company 4. SERA Wing 5. TRG Wing The Gurkha Contingent: It is a part of the Singapore Police Force. There is only one regiment of the Gurkha that is Gurkha Contingent. Their base is situated in Mount Vernon Camp. Single accommodation and Married Quarter are comprised within that camp. All indoor and outdoor sports facilities are available in the camp. GCSPF is special force of the Singapore. They are not only a police force but

______Gurkha Medicine ______also they are PARA Military Force. In another word it is neutral force of the Singapore. Responsibilities of the GCPSF is providing internal public security for the country. Guarding of high sensitive areas such as Prime Minister and Ministers quarters, Banks, Jails, Museums and very sensitive buildings. GCSPF is not doing only 9 policing Job but they are also trained for the para military Force.

Mission: To defeat specified heaths within boundaries, across the spectrum of Para-Military operation to help safeguard of Singapore. Vision: As a world class security unit, tough, vigilant, steadfast, fully trained and manned and employing the tradition Gurkha to the best of natural abilities. The Gurkha contingent is to achieve operation success across the spectrum of Para-Military operation to help safeguard Singapore. The Gurkha contingent: is a part of the Singapore Police Force. There only one regiment of the Gurkhas. Their base is situated in Mount Vernon Camp, Single accommodation and married quarter is comprised within that camp. All indoors and outdoors sports facilities are available in the Camp. GCSPF is special force to he

______Gurkha Medicine ______Singapore. They are not only a Police they also PARA Military in another way to say neutral force for the Singapore.

CONTENT MATHS SECTION

!= If]qldlt (Mensuration) 1-7 @= gfkmf / gf]S;fg (Profit & Loss) 8-15 #= k|ltzt (Percentage) 16-20 $= ;fwf/0f Aofh / rlqmo Aofh (Simple Interest & Compound Interest) 21-27 %= b'O{ rno'tm ;lds/0f (Simultaneous Equation) / cg'kft / ;dfg'kft (Ratio & Proportion) 27-33 ^= ;do, ult / b'/L (Time, Speed & Distance) 33-35 &= r]g ?n (Chain Role) 36-38 *= P]lss lgod (Unitary method) 39-47 (= tYofÍzf:q (Statistics) 47-54 !)= ;lds/0f (Simplification) 54-56 ______ENGLISH SECTION 1. Part of Speech 59-60 ______Gurkha Medicine ______2. Punctuation 61-62 3. Number 63-67 4. Sentence 68-69 5. Articles 70-73 6. Main Verbs (Action Verbs) 74-85 7. Model Auxiliary Verbs 86-93 8. Tense 94-109 9. Conditional Sentence 110-112 10. Relative Pronouns and defining Relative Clauses or Adjectives Clauses 113-123 11. Comparison of Adjectives 124-134 12. Preposition 135-151 13. Active and Passive Voice 152-159 14. Some Conjunctions and their uses 160-167 15. Causative Verbs 168-171 16. Synonyms 172-175 17. Antonyms 176-179 18. Model Questions with its Solutions from Intake 2014/15 to 2016/17 179-225 19. Exclusive Model Questions for Intake 2017/18 225-253 20. Interview 254 21. Command and Task 255-262

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MATHS SECTION

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