Oil Transportation by Tankers: an Analysis of Marine Pollution And

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography lists the works cited specifically in the reports as well as additional works which were used as reference materials. Argiroffo, Enrico. “Flags of Convenience and Substandard Vessels: A Review of the ILO’s Approach to the Problem.” International Labour Review, Vol. 110, November 1974, pp. 437453. Boesch, D.S. “Biological Effects of Chronic Oil Pollution on Coastal Ecosystems. ” Presented at NAS Workshop, May 1973. British Petroleum Co. ‘tBP Statistical Review of the World Oil Industry.” 1973. Brodhead, W. C. “Mammoth Tanker Operation.” AP1 15th Annual Tanker Con- ference, Washington, D. C., 1970. Burrows, P., Rowley, C., and Owen, D. “The Economics of Accidental Oil Pollu- tion by Tankers in Coastal Waters.” Journal of Public Econ@nic8, Vol. 3, 1974. Card, J. C. “Effectiveness of Double Bottoms in Preventing Oil Outflow from Tanker Bottom Damage Incidents.” Marine TechnoZog&, January 1975. Card, J. C., Ponce, P. V., and Snider, W. D. “Tankship Accidents and Nesulting Oil Outflows.” API 1975 Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, Washington, D. C., 1975. Charter, Sutherland, and Porricelli. “Quantitative Estimates of Petroleum to the Oceans.” Presented at NAS Workshop on Inputs, Fates and Effects of Petroleum in the Marine Environment, May 1973. Clarkson, H. C. “The Tanker Register, 1973.” London, 1974. Crane, C. L. 4’Maneuverin~ Safety of Large Tankers: Stopping, Turn@ and Speed Selection.” Transactions, SNAME, 1973. Crighton, L. J., and Telfer, I. E. “Segregated Ballast Tankers.” Paper presented at the Symposium on Marine Pollution, Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, 1973. Dillion, E. S. “Ship Design Aspects of Oil Pollution Abatement.” Marine !!PeCh- nolog~, July 1971. Engineering Computer Opteconomics, Inc. “Economic and Environmental Aspects of the Construction and Operation of Oil Tankers.” Report to CEQ, Wasl@& ton, D. C., February 1975. Federal Energy Administration. “National Petroleum Product Supply and De- mand Forecast-1975.” Washington, D. C., February 1975. — “Petroleum Industry Monitoring System (PIMS)-US-OPEC Petroleum Report, Year 1973.” Washington, D.C., July 1974. — “1972 Petroleum Supply and Demand in the Non-Communist World.” Gov- ernment Printing Ofllce, Washington, D. C., May 1974. Fisher, K. IV. “The Inclusion of IMCO Tanker Design Constraints in General Optimization Procwlures.” !i’?W8UCZiOtt8, SNAME, 1973. i?rankel, E. G., and Marcus, H. W. “Ocean Transportation.” The MIT Presa, 1973. Gray, W. O. “Large Tanker Maneuvering.” API 18th Annual Tanker Conference, Washington, DC., 1973. Gray, W. O. “Tanker Design and Pollution Mitigation.” API 17th Annual Tanker Conference, Washington, D. C., 1972. Gray, W. O. “The 1973 IMCO Convention, A Tanker Operator’s J’iewpoint.” AI’ I 1975 Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollutioh, Washington, D. C., March 1975. (85) —— — ——..—

Hallman, Robert M. “Towards an Environmentally Sound Law of’ the Sea.” Inter- national Institute for Environment and Development, Washington, D.C., 1974. Harm, R. W. “VLCC Metula Oil Spill.” Final Report to the U.S. Coast Guati, December 1974. Hooper, A. “The Application of Super Barges in Distribution of Petroleum Prod- ucts.” API 16th Annual Tanker Conference, Washington, D.C., 1971. Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization. ‘cInternational Conven- tion for the Prevention of Pollution from Sh@s, 1973.” London, 1973. International Chamber of Shipping Pamphlet. “Clean Seas Guide for Oil Tankers (The Operation of Load on Top. )” London, 197S. Ketchum, B. “Oil in the Marine Environment.” Woo~8 HoZe Oceanographfu Inuti- tute, 1973. Kimmon, Kiss, and Porricelli. “Segregated Ballast VLCC’S, An Economic and Pollution Abatement Analysis.” Marine Technology, October 1973. Kray, C. J. “Supership Effect on Waterway Depth and Alignments.” Journal of the Waterlu~8 and Harbo?v? Z)ivi8ion, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, May 1970. Lissenden, A. M., and Dahan, P. C. “A Note on Novel Type Vessels in Petroleum Transportation.” API 16th Annual Tanker Conference, Washington, D. C., 1971. Lloyd’s Register of Shipping. iWati8tical TabZe& 197& London, 1974. Madesen, Nicastro, and Schumacher. “Aviation-Marine, A Study of Contrast.” API 17th Annual Tanker Conference, Washington, D. C., May 1972. McDermott, J. E. (et al). “Tanker Structural Analysis for Minor Collisions.” Tran8aetion.8, SNAME, 1974. McKenzie, A. “A Study of Tanker Total Losses, 1904-1973.” Tanker Advisory Center, New York, 1974. Michael, Von Roalte, and Brown. “Long Term Effects of An Oil Spill at West Falmouth, Mass.” API 1975 Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollu- tion, Washington, D. C., March 1972. Monaghan, P. H., Seelinger, J., and Brown, R. “The Persistent Hydrocarbon Content of the Sea Along Certain Tanker Routes.” API 18th Annual Tanker conference, Washington, D. C., 1973. Mcmtert, N. “Supership.” Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York City, New York, 1974. Mueller, W. V. “Seatrade Conference Presentation on World Tanker Outlook.” Exxon Corp, London, March 1975. National Academy of Sciences. Report by the MaTitime Transportation Research Board. “Merchant Marine Casualty Data.” Washington, D. C., July 1978. —“Petroleum in the Marine Environment.” Washington, D. C., January 1975. National Petroleum Council. “Law of the Sea.” Washington, D. C., April 1973. LNational Science Foundation. “Controlling Shipping in Heavy Traffic.” Mo8aic, January/February 1975. National Transportation Safety Board. “Collision Involving the SS Arizona StandaTd and SS Oregon Standard at the Entrance to San Francisco Bay on January 18, 1971.” Marine (?awwZt~ Report, August 1971. —“Grounding of the SS Hillyer Brown at Cold Bay Alaska on 7 March 1973.” Marine (7aw@ty Report, March 1975. —“Structural Failure and Sinking of the Texaco Oklahoma off Cape Hatteras on 27 March 1971, with the Loss of 31 Lives.” MQ?%e Ca8udtu Report, July 1972. —“Structural Failure of the Tank Barge, 10 S–3301.” Marine Ca8uaZtV li!e- port, 1974. Noone, J. A. “Energy Report/Oil Import Needs Versus Environmental Cost Key Issue in Deepwater Ports Legislation.” National .Journal Rcportt?, November 1973. 87

Oceanographic Commission of Washington. “Offshore Petroleum Transfer Sys- tems for Washington Stat*A Feasibility Study.” Seattle, Washington, Decem- ber 1974. Ottoway, S. “The Comparative Toxicities of Crude Oil, Field Studies.” Oil Pollu- tion Research Unit. Ori.enton, 1970. Overaas, S., and Solum, E. “The Load-on-Top System for Crude Oil Tankers— Experience and Possible Design Improvements.” Trumxzctio?w, SNAME, 1974. Porricelli, Keith and Storch. “Tankers and the Ecology.” Tranwzctionq SNAME 1971. Roseman, Gerther and Kohl. “Characteristics of Bulk Product Carriers for Re- stricted Draft Service.” !!Wamaotio?w, SNAME, 1974. Steinman, G, C., and Chappel, W. B. “The Marad Pollution Abatement Program.” Paper Presented to Chesapeake Section, SNAME, February 1974. Stephens, A. H. “A Case for Mandatory Use of Sea Lanes.” API 15th Annual Tanker Conference, Washington, D. C., 1970. Sun Oil Co. “Analysis of World Tank Ship Fleet as of December 31, 1973.” St. Davids, Pennsylvania, December 1974. Thommen, T. K. “International Legislation on Shipping.” United Nations Con- ference on Trade and Development, New York City, New York, 1968. Taggart, R. “Discharging Supertankers Without Hazard to the Environment.” Presented at the Super Ocean Carrier Conference, New York City, New York, January 1974. IJ.S. Army, Corps of Engineers. “Waterborne Commerce of the United States— 1973.” L~.s. Coast Guard. “An Analysis of Oil Outflows Due to Tanker Accidents. 1971- 1972.” Washington, D. C., November 1973. —“Draft EIS, Proposed Regulations to Implement Ports and Waterways Safety Act of 1972, Title II.” Washington, D. C., 1973. —“Oil Pollution Control for Tankermen.” Government Printing Olilce, Wash- ington, D. C., February 1973. “Polluting Incidents In and Around U.S. Waters.” (Calendar Years, 1971, 1972, 1973). Washington, D. C., 1972, 1973, & 1974. -—----’ *Puget Sound Vessel Tratlic System (W%) Operating Manual.” Washing- ton, D. C., September 1974. —“Report of the VLCC Metula Grounding, Polluting and Refloating in the Strait of Magellan in 1974.” “Vessel Traffic Systems Issue Study.” Washington, D. C., 31amh 1973. U.S. Congress. Hearings Before the House Subcommittee on Merchant Marine. “Energy Transportation and Security Act of 1974.” Washington, D. C.. October 1973-31arch 1974. —--Hearings before the Senate Committee on Commerce. “Energy Trans- portation and %wurity Act of 1974,” Washington, D. C., May 1974. ——Hearings before the National Ocean Policy Study of the Committee on Commerce. “Tankers and the Marine Environment.” Washington, D. C., .Tanu- ary 1975. Hearings before the House Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Navigation. “Tanker Construction.” ~’ashington, D.C., July 1973. National Ocean Policy Study Report to the Senate Committee on Commerce. “The Third U.N. Law of the Sea Conference.” Washington, D. C., 1975. ——“Vessel Traffic Systems—What is Needed to Prevent and Reduce l’essel Accidents.”’ C{ ncrat itccotmtinfl oflicr Report. January 1975. U.S. Department of Commerce. Maritime Administration. “A Statistical Analysis of the World’s Merchant Fleets.” Government Printing Oflice. Washington. D. C., 1973. 88

—Maritime Administration, Maritime Subsidy Board. “Docket No. A-75, Marad Tanker Construction Program.” Washington, D. C., August 1973. Maritime Subsidy Board. “Economic Viability Analysis of the Contract Vessels Pursuant to. . .“ Washington, D. C., March 1973. Maritime Administration. “Maritime Administration Tanker Construction Program: Final Environmental Impact Statement.” Washington, D. C., 1973. —Maritime Administration. “North American Port Development Expenditure Survey, 1966-1972.” Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1974. —Maritime Administration. “Port Collection and Separation Facilities for Oily Wastes.” Final Report by Frederic R. Harris, Inc., Washington, D. C., 1973. —Maritime Administration Division of Marine Plans, Otlice of Policy and Plans. “Potential Effects of Reopening and Expanding the Suez Canal on the Shipment Cost of Crude Oil.” Washington, D. C., July 1974, —Maritime Administration. “Tanker Tank Cleaning Research Program— Phase 1—Final Report.” Washington, D.C. 1974. —-—Maritime Administration. “The Economics of Deepwater Terminals.” Gov- ernment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1972. Maritime Administration. “U.S. Flag Dry Cargo and Tanker Fleets, 1,000 Gross Tons and Over.” Washington, D. C., June 1974. —Maritime Administration. “U.S. Ocean Shipping Technology Forecast and Assessment.” Report by United Aircraft Research Laboratory, East Hartford, July 1974. U.S. Department of Interior. “Final Environmental Impact Statement, Deepwater Ports.” Washington, D. C., April 1974. —Bureau of Mines. “International Petroleum Annual, 1972.” Washington, D. C., March 1974. —Bureau of Mines. “Mineral Industry Survey Monthly Petroleum State- ments for 12 Months, January-December 1974.” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Oil Spills and Spills of Hazardous Sub- stances.” Washington, D.C., March 1975. U.S. Maritime Administration/U,S, Coast Guard. “Tank Barge Study.” Washing- ton, D. C., October 1$74.