Three new species of Gasteranthus () from Ecuador

MARTIN FREIBERG

Freiberg, M. (Department of Systematic Botany and Ecology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Alice 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany). Three new species of Gasteranthus (Gesneriaceae) from Ecuador. Brittonia 52: 203-209. 2000. The gesneriad flora of the Reserva Rfo Guajalito, Province of Pichincha, and Bosque Protector Otonga, Province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador have been investigated. Three new species, Gasteranthus aurantiacus M. Freiberg, G. atrolimbus M. Freiberg, and G. acuticarinatus M. Freiberg, are described and illustrated in preparation for a contribution for the Gesneriaceae in the Flora of Ecuador. While both G. acutiearinatus and G. atrolimbus are characterized by a dorsal keel on a tubular, pink to wine-red corolla, the infundibulate, bright orange-colored corolla of G. aurantiacus has a rather wide opening and a large limb. Key words: Ecuador, Gasteranthus, Gesneriaceae.

E1 Bosque Protector Otonga is located in (J. Nieder, pers. comm.). The average the Province of Cotopaxi, Latacunga, San height of the canopy is about 20-30 m. The Francisco de Las Pampas (00~ reserve and station were initiated and are 79~ elevation ranges from 1300 to managed by J. Jaramilto of the Pontificia 2300 m. The private reserve of the Otonga Universidad Cat61ica del Ecuador, Quito, consists of about 1000 ha, of which 70% of and V. Zak of Universidad San Francisco the vegetation is primary with three de Quito. types of vegetation: subtropical vegetation, cloud forest, and Andean (Freiberg, 1998). Gasteranthus aurantlacus M. Freiberg, Rio Guajalito is located about 40 km by air sp. nov. (Fig. 1) west of Quito, close to the little village of TYPE: ECUADOR. Cotopaxi: Bosque Palmeras, which lies on the old road be- Protector Otonga, 1800 m, 30 Sep 1998, M. tween Quito and Santo Domingo de los Co- Freiberg 98095 (HOLOTYPE: QCA; ISOTYPES: lorados ("Chiriboga road"). The private re- GES, QCNE, ULM). serve of Rio Guajalito comprises about 320 ha of primary and 35 ha of secondary mon- Ab affinibus pube omnino hispida necnon corollae tane moist tropical forest. The station of the aurantiacae infundibuliformis limbo quam tubum lon- reserve is located at 00~ and giori diversa. 78~ ' 17'~W at the base of the valley of the Herb; stems erect, 20-50 cm tall, mostly small fiver Rio Guajalito, at about 1800 m. unbranched; internodes densely hirsute, The elevation of the reserve ranges from green, terete; leaves of a pair subequal; pet- 1800 m close to the river and 2200 m on iole 20-45 nun, hispid, the lamina elliptic, top of the surrounding ridges. Annual pre- 5-10 cm long, 2-4 cm wide in the center, cipitation ranges from 2000 to 2800 mm cuneate at base, acute at apex, serrate, his- (average 2735 mm), with a maximum (463 pid above and beneath, verdigris-green ram) in April and a minimum (17 mm) in above, grey-green beneath; primary veins June. The dry season is from June to Oc- 9-12 pairs; an axillary cyme tober. The average annual temperature is reduced to a few, mostly 2 flowers; pedun- 16.4~ the minimum is 7.4~ in February cle 4-8 cm, usually 1 per node, hispid,

Brittonia, 52(2), 2000, pp. 203-209. ISSUED: 18 Aug 2000 2000, by The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 U.S.A. 204 BRITTONIA [VOL. 52 Gasteranthus aurantiacus

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FIG. 1. Gasteranthus aurantiacus (from fresh holotype material), a. Habit, indumentum only partly shown. b. Side view of flower, e. Front view of flower, d. Side view of corolla showing the spur. e. Lateral view of gynoecium (sepals and removed) showing nectary. 2000] FREIBERG: GESNERIACEAE 205

grass-green, the pedicels 4-6 mm, slightly Freiberg 98096 (HOLOTYPE" QCA; ISOTYPES" hispid; calyx lobes membranaceous, sube- GES, QCNE, ULM). qual, ovate, acute, the base connate for 2 mm, the margin crenate, hispid externally, Gasteranthus carinato Wiehler affinis sed corolla vinosa, limbo atro, tubi carina breviori, foliorumque especially at the base, glabrous internally, nervis secundariis minoribus diversa. yellowish green, the dorsal lobe 11 x 7 mm, the lateral lobes 12 • 7 mm, the ven- Herb; stems erect, 1-1.5 m tall, usually tral lobes 11 X 6 mm, all lobes widest just unbranched, glabrous; internodes 4-7 cm above the base; corolla horizontal in calyx, long, 5-8 mm diam., terete, dark olive- funnelform, bright orange, pale yellow at green; leaves of a pair equal; petiole 3-4.5 base, with spur 25-32 mm long, sparsely cm long, glabrous, the lamina elliptic, 17- hispid externally, glabrous at base and in- 20 x 5-9 cm, cuneate at base, acute at ternally, the spur obtuse, 3 mm long, the apex, serrulate, chartaceous, glabrous above tube 11-13 mm long and 5 mm diam. at and beneath, green; primary veins 7-8 base, then widened and 10-12 mm diam. pairs; inflorescence axillary, subumbellate, near the limb, the limb 2-2.5 cm diam.; co- a cyme with 11-15 flowers, only 1 or 2 rolla lobes subequal, entire, rounded, the open at a time; peduncles usually 2 per ventral lobe and the lateral lobes 12 X 12 node, 10-12 cm, glabrous, blood-red; ped- mm, the dorsal lobes 9 X 12 mm; fertile icels 5-8 mm, glabrous; calyx lobes sube- stamens 4, included, inserted ca. 2 mm qual, thick, round, obtuse, the base connate above the base of the corolla, the free part for 1.5-2 mm, the margin subentire, gla- 6-8 mm, slightly papillose, flat; staminode brous on both sides, blood-red, the dorsal 3 mm, glabrous, inserted at the base of the lobe 15 X 15 mm, the lateral lobes 12 X spur; anthers connate, 1.5 X 2 mm; ovary 12 mm, the ventral 12 • 13 mm, all lobes ovoid, laterally compressed, tomentose, 4 widest in center; corolla horizontal in the mm long, 3 mm high, 2 mm wide; style calyx, tubular, fleshy, slightly inflated to- included, 6-8 mm, tomentose; stigma bi- ward the apex, wine- to blood-red, pale yel- lobed; nectary semi-annular, laterally re- low toward the base, glabrous internally duced, dorsally 0.7 mm high, 2 mm wide, and extemally, total length 21-23 mm, the slightly tomentose; fruits and seeds not dorsal spur straight, obtuse, 4-5 mm long, seen. the tube basally 6 mm diam., at widest part Representative specimens examined: ECUADOR. 10 mm diam., dorsally keeled for 15 mm, Cotopaxi: Bosque Protector Otonga, 1800 m, 27 Jul the keel 0.5-0.8 mm high, throat opening 1996, Freiberg 96275 (ULM), 2 Oct 1998, Freiberg round, 4 mm diam., the limb terminal, very 98116 (NY). Piehineha: Reserva Rio Guajalito, 1800 dark wine-red appearing black, 8 mm m, 8 Oct 1998, Freiberg 98123 (B). diam., the lobes subequal, roundish, entire, Distribution and ecology.IGasteranthus 3 mm wide, 2 mm high; fertile stamens 4, aurantiacus grows in primary and disturbed included, flat, inserted ca. 5 mm above base montane at 1700-1900 m, in the Rio of the corolla, the free part 6 mm, glabrous; Guajalito Reserve as well as in Bosque Pro- staminode 3 ram; anthers connate, 2 X 1 tector Otonga. Several individuals may mm; ovary ovoid, laterally compressed, grow together, sometimes forming small glabrous, greenish, 5 mm long, 4-5 mrn stands. Decumbent stems develop roots on high, 3 mm wide; style included, glabrous, the nodes. 8 mm long; stigma bilobed, the lobes 1 X Etymology.IThe epithet aurantiacus re- 1 mm; nectary dorsal, semi-annular, tomen- fers to the bright orange-colored corolla, tose, laterally and ventrally reduced, 1.5 which makes this species visible at a dis- mm high, 3.5 mm wide, 2.5 mm long; fruit tance. a bivalved, fleshy ; seeds dark brown tuberculate, ca. 0.5 X 0.2 mm. Gasteranthus atrolimbus M. Freiberg, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Representative specimens examined: ECUADOR. Pichineha: Reserva Rio Guajalito, 1800 m, 9 Oct TYPE: ECUADOR. Cotopaxi: Bosque 1998, Freiberg 98129 (NY). Cotopaxi: Bosque Pro- Protector Otonga, 1800 m, 30 Sep 1998, M. tector Otonga, 1900 m, 7 Apr 1996, Freiberg 96061 206 BRrrTONIA [VOL. 52 Gasteranthus atrolimbus

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FIG. 2. Gasteranthus atrolimbus (from fresh holotype material), a. Habit, indumentum not shown. 5. Side view of flower, e. Front view of flower, d. Top view of flower, e. Side view of corolla, fo Lateral view of gynoecium (sepals and petals removed) showing nectary, g. Seeds. 2000] FREIBERG: GESNERIACEAE 207 Gasteranthus acuticarinatus ~~'::');~ii!".

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FIG. 3. Gasteranthus acuticarinatus (from fresh holotype material), a. Habit, indumentum not shown, b. Side view of flower, e. Front view of flower, d. Side view of corolla showing the spur. e. Lateral view of gynoecium (sepals and petals removed) showing nectary. 208 BRITTONIA [VOL. 52

(ULM). Imbabura: Los Cedros Biological Reserve, the lateral lobes 15 X 12 mm, the ventral 00~ 78~ 2000 m, 23 Mar 1996, Frei- berg 96033 (M), 29 Jun 1996, Freiberg 96217 (B). lobes 13 X 12 mm, all lobes widest in the center; corolla horizontal in the calyx, tu- Distribution and ecology.--Gasteranthus bular, ventrally slightly inflated, carmine to atrolimbus grows in primary, montane for- pinkish, paler toward the base, dark-spotted ests and has been collected in Los Cedros ventrally, glabrous externally, glandular in- Biological Station (Province of Imbabura), ternally close to entrance, total length 32 in the Reserva Rio Guajalito (Province of mm, the spur obtuse, glabrous, 8-10 mm Pichincha), and in the type locality of the long, the opening 5 x 7 mm, the limb 8 X Bosque Protector Otonga (Province of Co- 10 mm, with a conspicuous keel dorsally topaxi). Thus it seems to be a rather wide- on entire length of tube, 2 mm high near spread species. Moreover, it may cover and limb, 1 mm near spur, pointed toward limb, dominate several square meters in the herb the lobes subequal, entire, triangular, re- layer of the forest. It was especially found flexed, the ventral and lateral 4 x 4 mm, along small creeks or depressions in shady the dorsal 5 x 3 mm; fertile stamens 4, in- areas. cluded, inserted about 6-8 mm above base Etymology.--The species epithet "atro- of the corolla, the free part 7-8 mm, gla- limbus" refers to the very dark wine-red brous; staminode 3 mm; anthers connate, limb of this species, which superficially ap- 3.5 x 2.5 mm; ovary ovoid, laterally com- pears black. pressed, glabrous, 5 mm long, 5 mm high, 3 mm wide; style included, 7 mm long, gla- Gasteranthus acuticarinatus M. Freiberg, brous; stigma bilobed, the lobes 1 mm sp. nov. (Fig. 3) wide, 2.5 mm long; nectary annular, later- ally and ventrally reduced, glabrous, dor- TYPE: ECUADOR. Cotopaxi: Bosque sally 2 mm high, 4.5 mm wide, 2.5 mm Protector Otonga, 1600 m, 3 Oct 1998, M. long; fruit and seeds not seen. Freiberg 98112 (HOLOTYPE: QCA; ISOTYPE: Distribution and ecology.---Only a few, ULM). scattered individuals of Gasteranthus acu- Gasteranthus carinato Wiehler affinis, sed habitu ticarinatus were found in the valley of the grandior, petioli longior, corolla rosea-kermesina, tubi Las Damas river close to the Bosque Pro- carina acuti diversa. tector Otonga in a primary montane forest. ; stems erect, 1.5-2 m tall, sin- The brilliantly colored inflorescence could gle stems usually unbranched, glabrous; in- be seen from 50 m away through the forest ternodes 10-15 cm long, 5-10 mm diam., thickets. were seen visiting terete, sea-green; leaves of a pair equal; pet- the flowers. Gasteranthus atrolimbus and iole 8-15 cm long, glabrous, the lamina el- G. acuticarinatus are morphologically very liptic, 21-26 x 12-14 cm, the base oblique, similar and probably closely related. Gas- unequal-sided, insertion on main vein up to teranthus acuticarinatus can be distin- 3 cm from each other, acute at apex, the guished from G. atrolimbus by its larger margin slightly serrulate, chartaceous, gla- size, the longer petioles, the flower propor- brous on both sides, primary veins 17-19 tions, and its different coloration. Both are pairs, verdigris-green above, sea-green be- characterized by a dorsal keel on the corolla neath; inflorescence pseudoterminal, sub- tube, which in the Gasteranthus is umbellate, a cyme of 15-20 flowers; pe- otherwise only found in G. carinatus Wieh- duncles 2 per node, 16-20 cm long, gla- ler (Wiehler, 1977). However, the keel in G. brous, green; pedicels 1-2 cm long, gla- carinatus is obtuse while it is pointed in G. brous; calyx lobes subequal, thick, acuticarinatus, and only small in G. atro- roundish, the base connate for 2 mm, the limbus. Moreover, the flowers of G. cari- margin subentire to slightly crenate, gla- natus are orange-colored. brous on both sides, rosy to crimson, ba- Etymology.--The species epithet "acuti- sally pink, with purple warts at the rim, the carinatus" expresses the similarity of this dorsal lobe 15 x 14 mm, bent downward species to G. carinatus Wiehler in having a and folded like a cup surrounding the spur, pronounced but differently shaped keel 2000] FREIBERG: GESNERIACEAE 209

("carina"), which is obtuse in G. carinatus Francisco de Las Pampas, I. and L. Schmidt and pointed ("acutus") in G. acuticarina- of Mainz, and E. and I. Freiberg of Ulm tus. supported this research. Anonymous re- viewers improved the manuscript. I grate- Acknowledgments fully thank all persons named above. G. Gottsberger of the University of Ulm, Renato Valencia of the Herbarium of Pon- Literature Cited tificia Universidad Cat61ica del Ecuador (QCA), G. Onore and J. Jaramillo of Pon- Freiberg, M. 1998. Two remarkable new species of Gasteranthus (Gesneriaceae) from Central Ecuador. tificia Universidad Cat61ica del Ecuador, Phyton (Horn) 37: 345-351. Quito, V. Zak from Universidad San Fran- Wiehler, H. 1977. New genera and species of Ges- cisco de Quito, the Tapia family of San neriaceae from the Neotropics. Selbyana 2: 67-132.

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