Shared Services Facilities (SSF): Preliminary assessment
PIDS-PASCN Study Team: Dr. Erlinda M. Medalla, Ms. Fatima Del Prado, Ms. Melalyn C. Mantaring and Ms. Aika B. Maddawin
Philippine Institute for Development Studies Surian sa mga Pag-aaral Pangkaunlaran ng Pilipinas
www.pids.gov.ph 1 Outline of Presentation 1. Overview: SME and SME development, and SSF 2. The Shared Services Facility/ies (SSF) ◦ Process flow and components 3. Current status of SSF 4. Case study: results and findings/issues 5. Recommendations/Conclusion
2 Philippine M/SME Sector (as of 2012): 99.6% of total establishments; . Wholesale & retail: 50% . Hotels & Restaurants: 15% Employment: 65% . Micro: 47% wholesale & retail . SMEs: 22% mfg, 23% wholesale & retail Value added: 35.7% . Micro: 35% wholesale & retail . SMEs: 19% mfg, 20% wholesale & retail
3 Role and Importance of SMEs Poverty reduction, means to inclusive growth; but more than a poverty reduction tool Role in creating a stable economy ◦ Arising from flexibility and capacity to more easily absorb labor (skilled and unskilled) ◦ Improvement in the capabilities and productivity of SMEs can have tremendous effect on the country’s economic and industrial base Dynamic source of growth & innovation ◦ essential for creating a competitive and efficient market ◦ Infusion of new blood
SME development has become an increasingly important development agenda — with globalization, regional integrated economy and production sharing and network . Dual impact on SMEs: (a) risks and challenges; (b) new and better opportunities Major barriers and constraints Productivity and Efficiency ◦Access to technology ◦Lack of skills Access to Finance ◦Financial literacy Access to Markets ◦Product development and design ◦Networking
5 6 Government Policies & Programs Addressing Access to Finance Microfinance Programs People’s Credit and Finance Corporation (PCFC) Access of Small Entrepreneurs to Sound Lending Opportunities (ASENSO) Program Rural Micro Enterprise Promotion Programme (RuMEPP) Mandatory Allocation of Credit Resources to MSMSEs (RA 9501) o8% for micro & small enterprises; 2% for medium enterprises Addressing Access to Market Product Development & Design Services—Product designs; Technology upgrading workshops; Design & technical information; Design library; Conduct of design competition Export Pathways Program-Regional Interactive Platform for Philippine Exports (RIPPLES) National Industry Cluster Capacity Enhancement Project (NICCEP) Manila F.A.M.E; IFEX Philippines; National & Regional Trade Fairs; Seminars; Trade facilitation; Advisory/consultancy One Town One Product (OTOP) Stores- Tindahang Pinoy; Buyer-Seller Matching;
SMEs in the Philippines the in SMEs Domestic/Foreign Trade Facilitation;
7 Government Policies & Programs
Addressing Productivity and Efficiency Technology Upgrading: Department of Science & Technology (DOST) Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading (SET-UP) Technology Business Incubator Program Shared Service Facilities (SSF) SME Roving Academy Technology Information for Commercialization (TECHNICOM) Addressing Overall Business Environment Magna Carta for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (RA No. 6977 as amended by RA No. 8289 and RA No. 9501) Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBEs) Act of 2002 (RA No. 9178)
SMEs in the Philippines the in SMEs Go Negosyo Act (RA 10644)
8 Shared Services Facility/ies SSF Projects aim to improve the quality and productivity of MSMEs by addressing the gaps and bottlenecks in the value chain of priority industry clusters through the provision of processing machines and equipment for the common use of MSMEs. SSF Project specifically seeks to: • enhance the competitiveness of the priority industry clusters through the use of quality and productivity enhancing machinery & equipment •develop priority and market-driven industries in support of the NICCEP
9 The provision of SSF shall:
• enable small businesses and community-based enterprises to increase productivity • accelerate MSME competitiveness • encourage the graduation of MSMEs to the next level tapping a better and market share and be integrated in the global supply chain • take into account convergence where government resources are pooled and integrated • address the gaps and bottlenecks in the value chain of priority industry clusters
10 Shared Service Facilities (1/4): Process flow and components
• DTI Provincial Offices (the Proponents): • Identify & select eligible 'Cooperator' • Prepare and endorse project/technical proposal Identification with TOR and Manual of Operations to the RTWG of Eligible based on the ff criteria: Projects • SSF Projects must address mfg or processing gap; and increase cluster productivity • Interested Cooperator must: • provide counterpart support, i.e.facility or working capital
11 Shared Service Facilities (2/4): Process flow and components
• The Regional Technical Working Group (for projects costing >PhP 1M) & National Technical Project Working Group (project costs PhP 1M-PhP Evaluation 2.5M) evaluate & approve SSF project proposals & following criteria Approval • RWTG/NTWG issues recommendation to DTI- Regional Office to commence the procurement process of approved proposals • RWTG convey all purchased equipment to the Cooperator thru a 'Deed of Assignment'
12 Shared Service Facilities (3/4): Process flow and components
• DTI Regional Offices procure all the SSF equipment/machineries in accordance with RA 9184 guidelines; • Concerned DTI Provincial Director shall supervise the Procurement receipt & inspection of purchased equipment & Awarding • DTI Provincial Office and/or authorized DTI Representative shall turn over the purchased equipment to the SSF Cooperator • Signing of Memorandum of Agreement between the DTI Representative and the SSF Cooperator
13 Shared Service Facilities (4/4): Process flow and components
Project Monitoring
• DTI Provincial Offices shall: • monitor & evaluate the progress of SSF in terms of its physical accomplishments and finances • provide additional expertise or technical support when needed and pull out the equipment if the Cooperator fails to comply with the terms and conditions stipulated in the Manual of Operations • submit regular accomplishment report to the RO • DTI Regional Office will oversee SSF implementation; consolidate and evaluate the submitted accomplishment reports 14 Broad Quantitative assessment of SSF
15 SSF as a tool for SME development A. Addressing constraints: Inherent size disadvantage 1. With direct negative impact on productivity (Q/K, Q/L) 2. Related to access to technology (and equipment) 3. Related to financial constraint
◦ Highlights the special role of SSF in the DTI SME development strategy ◦ Case studies
16 SSF as a tool for SME development B. Addressing national objectives: employment generation and inclusion/equity Intended beneficiaries: lower income group
Benefits from SSF: ◦Increased value-added accruing to beneficiaries Question: Are benefits worth the costs?
17 Assessment tools Overall picture 1. Utilization rate 2. Implicit subsidy to labor 3. Value-added vs. cost of SSF
Case Studies
18 SSF: Current status & preliminary figures (1/3) Balance for % of SSF STATUS OF 2013 SSF FUND UTILIZATION Continuing Established/Fund 2013 GAA (A) Established (B) Obligated ( C ) Total (D=B+C) Fund (E=A-D) Utilization Region Target Fund Allocation # of SSFs Project Cost # of SSFs Project Cost # of SSFs Project Cost Project Cost # of SSFs Project Cost CAR 76 74,472,000.00 51 24,929,949.00 5 11,427,600.00 56 36,357,549.00 38,114,451.00 73.68% 48.82% Region I 38 42,528,000.00 50 23,227,557.00 - - 50 23,227,557.00 19,300,443.00 131.58% 54.62% Region II 114 31,442,000.00 111 25,405,953.90 6 6,036,046.10 117 31,442,000.00 - 102.63% 100.00% Region III 110 115,304,000.00 68 37,679,131.72 5 3,674,405.44 73 41,353,537.16 73,950,462.84 66.36% 35.86% Region IVA 100 70,548,000.00 86 56,378,879.52 7 3,442,940.00 93 59,821,819.52 10,726,180.48 93.00% 84.80% Region IVB 15 15,296,000.00 6 3,502,000.00 - - 6 3,502,000.00 11,794,000.00 40.00% 22.89% Region V 45 49,374,000.00 48 16,740,093.98 8 2,537,707.00 56 19,277,800.98 30,096,199.02 124.44% 39.04% Region VI 32 19,040,000.00 26 4,953,115.01 - - 26 4,953,115.01 14,086,884.99 81.25% 26.01% Region VII 41 29,584,000.00 68 15,112,008.30 11 10,283,916.50 79 25,395,924.80 4,188,075.20 192.68% 85.84% Region VIII 26 26,640,000.00 65 1,334,700.00 6 6,660,000.00 71 7,994,700.00 18,645,300.00 273.08% 30.01% Region IX 67 27,120,000.00 30 13,891,832.60 13 13,235,428.00 43 27,127,260.60 - 64.18% 100.03% Region X 77 45,744,000.00 54 21,359,198.44 20 14,951,536.50 74 36,310,734.94 9,433,265.06 96.10% 79.38% Region XI 31 34,480,000.00 42 12,171,062.48 14 11,828,346.77 56 23,999,409.25 10,480,590.75 180.65% 69.60% Region XII 40 31,360,000.00 38 17,990,760.00 - - 38 17,990,760.00 13,369,240.00 95.00% 57.37% Caraga 42 34,448,000.00 23 14,126,787.00 - 1,040,000.00 23 15,166,787.00 19,281,213.00 54.76% 44.03% NCR 8 52,620,000.00 2 1,461,000.00 - - 2 1,461,000.00 51,159,000.00 25.00% 2.78% Total 862 700,000,000.00 768 290,264,028.95 95 85,117,926.31 863 375,381,955.26 324,625,305.34 100.12% 53.63% • Fund utilization: 53.63%
19 SSF: Current status & preliminary figures (2/3) SUMMARY OF ESTABLISHED SSF PROJECTS PER REGION Implicit subsidy per worker Bottomlines Beneficiaries Total Annual Monthly No. of Jobs Other Monthly Region (1) No. of SSF (2) Proj Cost (3) Generated (4) MSMEs Assisted (5) beneficiaries (5) Total (6) (7=3/4) (8=7/3) (9=8/12) Wage (9) CAR 51 24,929,949 806 77 6 83 30,930.46 10,310.15 859 8,400 Region I 50 23,227,557 1,381 1,899 - 1,899 16,819.38 5,606.46 467 7,590 Region II 111 25,405,954 2,013 366 492 858 12,620.94 4,206.98 351 7,650 Region III 68 37,679,132 2,650 348 4,037 4,385 14,218.54 4,739.51 395 10,080 Region IVA 86 56,378,880 4,285 1,572 42,762 44,334 13,157.26 4,385.75 365 10,875 Region IVB 6 3,502,000 1,804 81 1,514 1,595 1,941.24 647.08 54 8,250 Region V 48 16,740,094 399 60 2,473 2,533 41,955.12 13,985.04 1,165 7,800 Region VI 26 4,953,115 3,277 7 45 52 1,511.48 503.83 42 8,610 Region VII 68 15,112,008 3,163 32 342 374 4,777.75 1,592.58 133 10,200 Region VIII 65 1,334,700 1,318 397 - 397 1,012.67 337.56 28 7,800 Region IX 30 13,891,833 455 256 200 456 30,531.50 10,177.17 848 8,400 Region X 54 21,359,198 2,323 1,118 3,574 4,692 9,194.66 3,064.89 255 9,180 Region XI 42 12,171,062 3,061 322 104 426 3,976.17 1,325.39 110 9,360 Region XII 38 17,990,760 876 99 663 762 20,537.40 6,845.80 570 8,100 Caraga 23 14,126,787 429 - 63 63 32,929.57 10,976.52 915 8,040 NCR 2 1,461,000 100 - 2 2 14,610.00 4,870.00 406 13,980 Total 768 290,264,029 28,340 6,634 56,277 62,911 10,242 3,414 285 9,020 • Implicit Subsidy per worker: PhP 28 to PhP 1,165 per month per worker (assuming an
average eco life of min. 3 yrs) 20 SSF: Current status & preliminary figures (3/3)
SALES Pearson's Single Period BC method (Assumption 1) PROJECT BEFORE SSF AFTER SSF Production cost BC1=(WSSF- REGION PROVINCE TOWN INDUSTRY CLUSTER PROJECT COST COST/3 (annualized) (annualized) = 88% of Sales w/o SSF with SSF WoSSF)/(Proj (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (WoSSF = 7-9) (WSSF = 8-9) Cost/3)
TOTAL 24,977,589.76 8,325,863.25 205,977,052.00 282,555,360.00 181,259,805.76 24,717,246.24 101,295,554.24 9.197641814 CAR 4 provinces 11 Processed Food; Organic Fertilizer; Gifts3,005,412.00 & Decors; Veg. 1,001,804.00Noodles; Coffee2,887,512.00 4,410,000.00 2,541,010.56 346,501 1,868,989 1.519746378 Region I 1 province 2 Milkfish; Dairy 1,368,210.00 456,070.00 870,000.00 2,760,000.00 765,600.00 104,400 1,994,400 4.144100686 Region II 5 provinces 42 Processed Food;Dairy; Bamboo; Handicrafts;6,814,790.28 Meat processing;2,271,596.76 Furniture/furnishings;147,431,480.00 Gifts,192,651,000.00 Decors 129,739,702.40 17,691,778 62,911,298 19.9064908 Region IVA 4 provinces 6 Coffee; Gifts, Decors; Processed food; Handicrafts1,890,200.00 630,066.67 14,727,440.00 18,037,600.00 12,960,147.20 1,767,293 5,077,453 5.253666279 Region V 2 provinces 4 Abaca; Handicrafts; Coconut/coir 2,547,450.00 849,150.00 3,858,000.00 5,730,000.00 3,395,040.00 462,960 2,334,960 2.204557499 Region VII 2 provinces 4 Meat processing; Processed food; Handicrafts1,103,899.00 367,966.33 10,562,880.00 5,636,040.00 9,295,334.40 1,267,546 -3,659,294 -13.38937711 Region IX 1 province 3 Abaca; Processed food; Gifts, Decors 941,500.00 313,833.33 5,916,000.00 10,716,000.00 5,206,080.00 709,920 5,509,920 15.29474243 Region X 1 province 3 Processed food; Coco coir; Gifts, Decors 619,380.00 206,460.00 1,252,140.00 2,693,280.00 1,101,883.20 150,257 1,591,397 6.980238303 Region XI 4 provinces 7 Organic fertilizer; Coco coir; Cacao 1,854,395.48 618,131.83 4,222,800.00 14,095,440.00 3,716,064.00 506,736 10,379,376 15.97173867 Region XII 5 provinces 11 Handicrafts; Processed food; Ceramics, 4,832,353.00porcelain; Bamboo;1,610,784.33 14,248,800.00 25,826,000.00 12,538,944.00 1,709,856 13,287,056 7.18730606
• Benefit-cost ratio: 1.5 to 15.9 ; mostly positive except for Region VII
21 Case studies: I. Luzon -- Efficient Production of Banana Chips Processing in the Porac Highlands • Region/Province: Region IV; Bgy. Villa, Porac, Pampanga • Industry cluster: Processed Food • Cooperator/s: LGU of Porac • Beneficiaries: Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) and upland farmers (IP communities) II. Visayas -- Facility Support Project on Abaca Fibercraft in Aklan • Region/Province: Region VI; Kalibo Aklan • Industry Cluster: Loom weaving/bamboo • Cooperator/s: Handicraft of Aklan Multipurpose Cooperative (HAMPCO) • Beneficiaries: 5 Cooperatives (4 MSMEs in Kalibo; 2 MSMEs in Makato; 1 MSME in Malinao; 4 MSMEs in Lezo; 2 MSMEs in Balete) III. Mindanao – (1) Banana Powder Processing Expansion; (2) Acquisition Facilities for Coco-coir & Coco twine processing • Region/Province: Region XI, Davao City • Industry cluster/s: Banana (Processed food) and Coco-coir • Cooperator/s: (1) Progressive Highland Multipurpose Coop; (2) Tungkalan Coco Farmers Cooperative • Beneficiaries: (1) 840 PHMC members; 100 MSMEs; 300 indirect beneficiaries;
22 CASE I-- Luzon: Region IV (Porac, Pampanga) Project Title Efficient Production of Banana Chips Processing in the Porac Highlands Industry Cluster Processed Food (PF) Beneficiaries farmer-Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries (ARBs) who are upland banana farmers and processors (highlands of Barangay Diaz and Villa Maria Cooperator(s) LGU of Porac Project Location Brgy. Villa Maria, Porac, Pampanga Production Capacity before 60 packs of banana chips per day SSF Production Capacity after 500 packs/ day (June 2014); 1000 big pouches, 650 small pouches per day (Aug 2014); SSF 150 canister, 275 big pouches and 280 pouches of cassava chips per day (Oct 2014) Sales generated before SSF PhP 2,000/day Sales generated after SSF PhP 12, 000/day (June 2014); PhP 30,000/day (Aug 2014); PhP 38,875/day (Oct 2014) Date granted/ implementation April 29, 2014 Markets (current:) LGU of Porac, local supermarkets/ pasalubong centers Target: neighboring municipalities and provinces, supermarkets, groceries and pasalubong centers Equipment’s/Tools provided Mechanical Slicer, Stainless Steel Deep-Fat Fryer, Digital Heavy Duty Electronic Platform Scale, Vegetable cutter, electronic table platform scale, cooking vat, working table, CASE 2 Visayas: Region VI (Kalibo, Aklan) Project Title Facility Support Project on Abaca Fibercraft in Aklan Industry Cluster Loom weaving Beneficiaries 220 beneficiaries who are weavers, warpers, knotters, scrapers from the 5 coop- members of different municipalities of Aklan: -Kalibo (4 MSMEs); Makato (2 MSMEs); Lezo (4 MSMEs); Malinao (1 MSME);Balete (2 MSMEs) Cooperator(s) Handicraft of Aklan Multipurpose Cooperative (HAMPCO) Project Location Old Buswang, Kalibo Aklan Production Capacity before SSF Production Capacity after SSF Sales generated before SSF Sales generated after SSF Date granted/ implementation December 18, 2013 Markets Domestic Buyers – Cebu, Manila, Pampanga, Boracay and Palawan Foreign Buyers – Japan, US, Europe and Paris, France Equipment’s/Tools provided 110 units of Handlooms CASE 3 Mindanao, Region XI (Davao City) Project Title Banana Powder Processing Expansion Acquisition Facilities for Coco Coir& Coco Twine Processing Industry Cluster Banana (Feed – Grade Banana Powder) Coconut/ Coco Coir Beneficiaries 840 members of the Cooperator, 100 MSMEs, and 300 other beneficiaries Cooperator(s) Progressive Highland Multi-Purpose Cooperative Tungkalan Coco Farmers Cooperative (TCFC) (PHMPC) Project Location Sitio Baracayo, Dalianon Plantation, Toril District Tungcalan, Toril, Davao City and Davao City Production Capacity before SSF 481, 140 kilograms/year Production Capacity after SSF 1, 202, 850 kilograms/year ; 1,000 tons per year Sales generated before SSF Sales generated after SSF PhP 208,000 – PhP 520,000 / month Date granted/ implementation January 21, 2014 May 28, 2013 Markets BEX Philippines and Tan Trader Equipment’s/Tools provided Hammer Mill, Banana Chipping Machine (Plant- 1 Diesel Engine - 12 HP Engine, Kubota Brand 8-12 hrs with less Based), 10 units Banana Chipping Device – maintenance, 1 Bating& Decorticating Machine (2 in 1 type of Manual Type, Weighing Scale, Bagger, machine or a double purpose machine which saves power consumption, 1 Coco Twining Machine-ceiling fan-type (the bigger one) with installed hook at the center CASE 2-- Visayas: Region VI (Kalibo, Aklan) Project Title Facility Support Project on Abaca Fibercraft in Aklan Industry Cluster Loom weaving Beneficiaries 220 beneficiaries who are weavers, warpers, knotters, scrapers from the 5 coop-members of different municipalities of Aklan: -Kalibo (4 MSMEs); Makato (2 MSMEs); Lezo (4 MSMEs); Malinao (1 MSME);Balete (2 MSMEs) Cooperator(s) Handicraft of Aklan Multipurpose Cooperative (HAMPCO) Project Location Old Buswang, Kalibo Aklan Production Capacity before SSF Production Capacity after SSF Sales generated before SSF Sales generated after SSF Date granted/ December 18, 2013 implementation Markets Domestic Buyers – Cebu, Manila, Pampanga, Boracay and Palawan Foreign Buyers – Japan, US, Europe and Paris, France Equipment’s/Tools provided 110 units of Handlooms Banana and Cassava Chips Processing in Porac, Pampanga
The barangay captain of the Villa Maria, who is an Aeta and also an upland banana farmer, demonstrated the banana and cassava chips processing using the equipment (slicer) from the SSF program with his helpers who are also Aetas. Banana and Cassava Chips Processing in Porac, Pampanga
The wife of the barangay captain also demonstrated the cassava chips processing. She fried the dried cassava for a minute to turn them into crunchy chips and then strained them immediately. After that, she seasoned the chips with cheese to add flavor and then put them into pack. Loomweaving (Pag- haboe) in Kalibo, Aklan
The facility support project on Abaca Fibercraft Industry in Aklan has been conceptualized mainly to address the gap in the demand for a 40” wider- width handlooms for abaca and piña fabrics as well as woven products. The cooperator for this project is the Handicraft of Aklan Multipurpose Cooperative (HAMPCO). HAMPCO covers five weaving centers in different areas in Aklan. They market the products to Manila, Cebu, Palawan, Boracay and Japan. Weaving (Pag-haboe) in Kalibo, Aklan
The handloom of Aklan usually has two foot- operated treadles made of bamboo, two harnesses made from the trunk of coconut tress and an extended overhead warp beam. The warp is wound around the warping beam of loom and run through the heddles and batten (or beater) and the fastened to the cloth beam. The harnesses are frames that hold the heddles. The weaving is usually done with the weaver sitting on a bench and working the treadles with the feet. When the warp opens the shuttle containing the bobbin with the fiber for the weft is thrown into the opening with the right hand. It is caught with the left hand. Simultaneously the beater (sueod) is pressed against the web or woven cloth. The process is repeated, this time pressing the other treadle throwing the shuttle left hand and catching it with the right then pressing the beater again. Warp ends are kept equally separated and in order by reed. The reed is supported by the beater which also presses each new pick of weft against the woven web. Piña Fiber Product
The piña fibers are scrapped from the leaves of pineapple plant. The scrapping process is very labor intensive. These fibers are then knotted from end to end creating long threads which then weave to cloth. The major end use of Piña fibers are traditional Filipino Barong Tagalog and formal dress. Focus Group Discussion in Davao City
The participants of the FGD conducted in Davao were the members of the Progressive Highland Multipurpose Cooperative (PHMPC) and Tungkalan Coco Farmers Cooperative (TCFC). Their products are banana powder for PHMPC and coco coir/twines for TCFC. Banana Powder Processing in Toril, Davao City
The banana powder processing project in Toril, Davao City is feed grade banana made from the rejected banana Cavendish produced in their area. The chipped bananas are sun-dried and then converted into powder using the chipping machine from the SSF program. These feed-grade banana powder will be mixed with hog and poultry feeds such as BMEG. Coco coir and Coco twine processing
The coir is extracted from the coconut husks that are usually thrown away. The coconut husks will be placed in the decorticating machine to produce coco fiber. The decorticated fiber is then twined into ropes. Geonets – Product of Coco coir
These geonets are used to prevent erosions. It is usually installed in landslide-prone slopes along national highway. Case study: results & findings
1. Information dissemination & identification of eligible projects . No formal or systematic approach to disseminate info on SSF – need to be well-targeted due to time and resource constraints; only those with equity, ready markets and SMEs with great potential are given support; . Rules-driven: most projects have indl costs of less than PhP1M or within the control or discretion of regional / provincial offices – to facilitate the approval and procurement of requested facilities . We could be missing out on the more substantive and meaningful aspects of ‘value- addition’
36 Case study: results & findings 2. Information dissemination & identification of eligible projects . No formal or systematic approach to disseminate info on SSF – need to be well-targeted due to time Proposal review and evaluation . Minor adjustments observed: composition & members of Regional Technical Wkg Group . Most frequently cited problems: technical specification and configuration of requested machineries 3. Procurement and implementation . Long, complicated procurement process and requirements: Tax clearance . Lack of qualified and eligible suppliers
37 Preliminary recommendations 1. Information dissemination, identification & selection of projects . Make selection process more transparent, despite the sound judgment shown by DTI personnel . Increase the threshold of individual project costs under the control of the Regional offices 2. Proposal evaluation and approval . Decentralize the issuance and release of tax clearance to local BIR offices . Develop a database of suppliers with technical information of all fabricated equipment and machineries
38 Preliminary recommendations 3. Varying performance of SSF projects . Some SSF Projects are more successful than others: need to examine the factors contributing to the performance of SSF projects once reliable data becomes available 4. Other SME-oriented government programs and projects . Better convergence and harmonization of all SME-oriented programs and activities . SSF should be integrated with other govt plans: Industrial Roadmap, Regional Devt Plans; CCT
39 Conclusion .Early indications suggest bright prospects and promising potentials. .The project as it is, costs very little and the impact on jobs, production capacities as well as the encouraging feedback from all concerned make for a valid argument that the project might be worth pursuing/continuing until such time that some credible measure of cost-effectiveness can be established. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of the program would be all the more evident if recommendations to facilitate and speed-up the process are also heeded.
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