an internship in1987, 1had Eighteenth to Twentieth the opportunity to organize the map Century Maps DURINGcollection in the Historical Society's The oldest map inthe collection, Libraryand Archives. The result was a 143 page apparently an original document, "Plan of the guide, "Catalogue ofthe Map Collection inthe tracts laid out and surveyed within the propri- Archives of the Historical Society of Western etaries manor south of the Hill,"is dated ," whichis available for public use 1787. The 13 x13 inch map, drawn incolor by at the Society's Library. John Hill,shows only a small section ofprop- Although a map collection is open-ended erty north and south ofSaw MillRun. 1 and never complete, my work describes the "Pittsburgh in 1795" is a fairly common Society's holdings as of January 1988; of the map found inmany collections .Drawn byA.G. approximately 560 entries, 250 maps are be- Haumann in1869, itis believed to have been lieved to be original documents; photographs, copied from other maps (allcontaining errors), photostats, reproductions and drawings of descriptions, old deeds and plans of the town.2 original documents make up the remainder. The map was reproduced in many different The maps are broken down into several sec- versions, ranging fromblack-on-white toblack- tions: on-tan, and measuring from 23 x 30 inches to Pittsburgh and Allegheny City streets 5x7 inches. Military campaigns inWestern Another controversial map ofPittsburgh is Pennsylvania the Tardieu L.Aine Mapof"Pittsburgh 1796," Pittsburgh population and census tracts by George HenryVictorCollet, whois believed Pittsburgh and Allegheny County to have been a military spy who visited Pitts- transportation burgh inthe summer of1795. Writingin1946, Pittsburgh and Allegheny County parks, one researcher concluded about Collet: "...his cemeteries, plots and estates motives inmaking his journey have been ques- Pittsburgh geodetic and topographic tioned. Itis evident from his descriptions, that maps he had in mind other things than ordinary • Allegheny County sightseeing. ..[H]e was always more concerned Southwestern Pennsylvania coal, oil,and withforts than withhouses and because ofthat gas resources has left the only good description of Fort • counties Fayette that any traveler or chronicler has re- • State ofPennsylvania (eighteenth to corded." 3 twentieth century) "The Plan ofPittsburgh: 1805," byWilliam Outside of Pennsylvania (seventeenth to Masson is represented by two superb hand twentieth century) drawn color maps of 22 x 29 inches. This • War document illustrates all landowners in the International— "Point" area, and is especially useful tohistori- This article an overview— but not a dupli- ans. Masson based his drawing and map essen- cate of the catalogue focuses on Pittsburgh tially on the 1764 surveys of Colonel John and Western Pennsylvania documents. Campbell and the survey in 1784 by Colonel George Woods and Thomas Vicroy.4 The author is the project historian of the Cultural "Plan ofPittsburgh and Adjacent Country," of — Resource Management Program-Department anl815-1816mapby Patterson and Darby Anthropology, University ofPittsburgh. He holds — the one inthe collection is a reproduction is bachelor's degrees inbothanthropology and history 5 from the University ofPittsburgh, and is currently large enough, at 18 x22 inches ,to be studied working toward a Master's degree inArchival,Mu- in detail. seum, and Editing studies at Duquesne University. Although the Patterson and Darby map is

29 Pittsburgh History y Spring 1991

notcontroversial, theoriginofuSaxe-Weimar Eisenach, ley, Etna, Port Perry, Showstown, Sharpsburg, West 1825-26. Plan ofPittsburgh and Umgenbungen," was Elizabeth, East Liberty, Braddock's Field, Tarentum, questioned as early as 1929 in a newspaper article: Natrona, Clinton, Middletown, Mt. Oliver, Amity, ...Pittsburgh historians are seeking acopy ofthe ancient Buena Vista, Mansfield, Bakerstown, McKeesport, Al- Patterson map ofPittsburgh, published in1816. They legheny Cityand Birmingham. want to determine ifitwas identical withone published ttMap of Allegheny County, Pa.," 1883 and "Map bythe Duke ofSaxe-Weimer (sic)-Eisenach in a book of Allegheny County," 1895 and "County of Allegh- of travels printed in 1826.. .[T]he lettering on the eny, Pittsburgh," 1929 document the county during Saxe-Weimer (sic) map is inEnglish, [and] although the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. the titleis inGerman, some historians believed that it German traveler of indicated the bought a copy the Assorted Western Pennsylvania County Maps Patterson map and traced itfor his book. 6 Theimportance ofnatural resources in the develop- aMap of Pittsburgh and it's Environs," by Jean ment of the region's industrial might inthe nineteenth Barbeau and Lewis Keyon, made in1830, is wellknown century is reflected by several coal, oil,and natural gas to historians and reproductions are common. The maps. Noteworthy are: Historical Society has three 26 x 33-inch issues; one of these, framed and varnished, may be original.7 "Map of the Oil Belt of Clarion County, Pa.," 1877, The uMap of the Boroughs ofBirmingham, South which details extensive oilwells and individual property Pittsburgh and East Birmingham," made April5,1851, owners. is historically important for documenting the city's "MapofConnellsville Coal and Coke Region," 1868, growth at the end of what many historians call the shows coke, coal, and iron producing areas from West- "Commercial Era." The Historical Society's 50 x 30- moreland toFayette Counties. inch color reproduction is especially useful in this "Map of Western Pennsylvania Coal Region," 1866, regard, although itis damaged. designates oiland bituminous coal fields, and Maps of Pittsburgh and Allegheny City after 1870 railroads. are fairly common. Of note in the Historical Society "MapofFayette County, Pa.," 1865, a map by the well- Archives are: known G.M.Hopkins company, documents iron,coal fields and railroads in that county. "The Map of Pittsburgh and Allegheny Cities," 1886 "Map of the Cities ofPittsburgh, Allegheny and Envi- The Archives also holds more than 130 other maps; rons," 1895 most are from the nineteenth century, and are not "J.M.Kelly'sMap ofPittsburgh and Allegheny," 1895 originals, but rather black-and-white enlargements from "Map of the Cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Envi- microfilm. rons," 1897 "Plan of Cityof Allegheny- 1882" Maps of Pennsylvania "Map of the Cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny and This assemblage of 60 maps covers the entire state Enivrons," 1900 from 1749 to the present, and is arranged by respective "Map of the Cities ofPittsburgh, Allegheny and Envi- century. The eighteenth century group includes several rons," 1902 original color maps, some inexcellent condition and of "Pittsburgh and VicinityU.S.Geological Survey," 1903 useful size. The 26 documents from the nineteenth "Lippincottand McNeil's Map ofGreater Pittsburgh," century include many original maps in color. 1921 Significant among this group are items such as "This of the of the of "MapofPittsburgh," from 1913, details more than Map Improved Part Province Pennsylvania," Map Pennsylvania 100 street car routes and lists the name changes ofover 1759 and "A of Exhibiting notonly Improved Parts ofthat Province, 400 streets, by ward. Dozens ofother Pittsburgh maps the but also Frontiers," 775 Map of cover the period from 1921 to the present. itsExtensive 1 ."ANew Pennsylvania with its Canals, Railroads," 1846 details the Pennsylvania across the state, and the Maps of Allegheny County steamboat route from Pittsburgh to . Maps of Allegheny County in the Society's collec- An inset in "New County Map of the State of tion span the years 1860 to the present; this collection Pennsylvania and adjoining States," 1853 documents has approximately 20 original documents. all counties during the 7th U.S. Census (1850) with From the historian's perspective, "MapofAllegheny respect to dwellings, families, population, deaths, and County, Pennsylvania," 1862, measuring 62 inches farms and manufacturing establishments. square, is a highly valued document of the early indus- "Railroad Map of Pennsylvania," 1897 features the trial era of Pittsburgh. In addition to its excellent PRR, Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, LehighValley features, this map details about 20 smaller areas and Railroad, B&O Railroad, Beech Creek Railroad, and towns byusing inset maps, including Elizabeth, Sewick- the Dunkirk and Allegheny Railroad.

30 W^imWMMWWO^D Maps Outside ofPennsylvania The final section in the catalogue includes 127 maps in several different classes, including seventeenth to twentieth century U.S. and in- ternational maps, CivilWar maps, and Revolu- tionary Era maps. Although the 21 Civil War maps and 20 Revolutionary Era maps are repro- ductions, several of the eighteenth and nine- teenth century documents are original. The overall good physical condition of the maps in the collection means that most can be readily handled byreasearchers. The catalogue's author provides annotated descriptions with each map. Some maps display lengthy indenti- fications; inthese instances, the text was either copied or edited for conciseness. Titles were copied exactly as printed on the maps, and only rarely edited. 8 To determine the existence ofdifferent is- sues ofamap, itis necessary to study theinternal evidence on the map itself, noting changes in " methe state ofor methe platepiate mademaae byDy methe engraver. «The plan ofPittsburgh: 1805, byWilliamMasson, inthe Archives of the There is no way ofknowing how many copies Historical Society were pulled from a plate at a given time unless the printer left some record, which is seldom the case. many minds, even though the authorship may rightly be The word "issue" is a relative term used to differentiate attributed to one or two persons. Whereas some map makers between copies of the same map printed at different were able to get intothe fieldand actually survey anarea, many times, characterized by changes made in the plate more had to draw their maps from the observations and field between the two Anissue represents all the printings^ SJ.^vis, "Bates Boys on the Western Waters," were a was in ?^° copies which printed before change made Weam P lmnia HistoricalMagazine 29 (March-June the plate. Two states ofa map imply that there were two Henry Collet, 9 1946)> 6 This map is also featured in Victor issues of that map printed. *Voyage dans UAmerique Septemtrionale (1822). An"edition," in—the case ofoldmaps, is determined For a listingoflandowners and lotnumbers on the map see, by one thing only the imprint, namely the place of Verna L.Cowin, Archaeological Survey ofPittsburgh (Pitts- publication, the printer and/or the publisher and date, burgh: 1985), 58-60. Masson also emphasized the city's An edition is one of the copies of a map which were importance as a shipping—and ship-building center by drawing printed by the same man, ormen, at a given place and *10 vessels on the maP the schooners Amity and Conquest, under a given publication date. Some maps do not bear e bri&Allegheny AnnJane Bison Fayetteznd Nanina, the Western Trader, General Butkrind Pittsburgh a completeF imprint, but usually there is a place of ,,. j • . i c i_ Li- i. *£fThe collection also has a 36 x 44 inch, black-and-white publication and the name of the printer or publisher. reproduction ofthis map> Of the three pieces ofinformation comprising the 6 "Pittsburgh Map Printed in 1816 Might Solve Disputed imprint, the date is most frequently omitted. This is easy Problems," Pittsburgh Press, May12, 1929. to understand, when one finds maps which were pub- ? Embossments on the other maps, "FidelityTitleand Trust lished and republished over a period ofseveral years. It Company," suggest that they were reproduced after 1898; was better toleave out the date altogether than itwas to this company isnot listed inthe Pittsburgh CityDirectory until remove the firstand engrave another every time the map after 1898 . 8 in, Old was republished. 10 \u25a0 Criteria suggested Cataloguing of Maps, 50: "Titles _ ! on old maps vary widely in length and accuracy. Some are 1For a complete "planofthe city,"refer to "Plan ofthe Lots short and concise, and give an accurate picture ofwhat one laidout at Pittsburgh and the CoalHill,"1787, drawn byJohn may expect to findon the map.Others are longand rambling, Hill;Darlington Library, University ofPittsburgh. See also giving not onlythe title ofthe map,but a wordy biography of Stephan Lorant, Pittsburgh: Story ofan American City(New its author and the changes and revisions that have been made York: 1964), 53. in the map, all ofwhich leave the reader with a hazy idea of 2 One example, an intact FortPitt, is depicted, when infact it what the map actually portrays." See also, Anglo-American was inalmost totalruin by1790. Likewise, Fort Duquesne is Cataloging Rules (Chicago: 1967), 274. "mapped" inits originallocation; actually the properties of 9 Cataloguing OldMaps, 87. Craigand Bayard weresituated here. See also LloydA.Brown, 10 Cataloguing OldMaps, 88. Notes on different editions of Notes on the Care and Cataloguing ofOldMaps (Port Wash- maps can also be found inAnglo-American Cataloging Rules, ington: 1970), 50: "Finished maps are usually the product of 152, 278.

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