WildlifeCampus Birding Course 1

reddish-brown, tawny, creamy brown) Module # 3 œ Component # 1 ° shades of grey (i.e. grey, grey-brown, grey & white) ° LEGS with Feathers ° SIZE equivalent - Helmeted Guineafowl or larger ° CERE - Can you determine the cere colour ? ° HABITAT œ Terrestrial ° BREAST- What are the breast colours / patterns ° WING - Is it rounded or Pointed when in flight ? Lowland Equatorial and Gallery Forest The Identification of Birds of ° SIZE - try to judge its size in relation to the ° Ayre‘s Hawk-eagle following commoner bird species (in order of ° Cassin‘s Hawk Eagle Prey (Raptors) in Africa size):

Mid To High Altitude Montane Forest, Objectives ° Common Fiscal Shrike (CF) ° Turtle Dove (TD) Escarpment, Forest Remnants To enable the Birding enthusiast to identify all the ° Feral Pigeon (FP) ° Ayre‘s Hawk-eagle ° Grey-headed Gull (GHG) Birds of Prey in Africa. African Crowned Eagle ° Pied Crow (PC) °

Expected Outcomes ° Helmeted Guineafowl (G) ° Egyptian Goose (EG) Woodland (Miombo, Acacia, Broad-Leaved)

° Spur-winged Goose (SWG) ° Long-crested Eagle At the conclusion of this Component, learners should be able to: ° Lesser Spotted Eagle Habitats ° African Hawk-eagle

° Identify all Bird of Prey species by utilising critical ° Tawny Eagle key factors, specifically: TERRESTRIAL HABITATS ° Martial Eagle o Habitat ° African Crowned Eagle o Feathered or unfeathered legs 1) Lowland Equatorial and Gallery Forest (below ° Wahlberg's Eagle o Eye colour 1000 metres above mean sea-level amsl) ° Greater Spotted Eagle o Dominant plumage colour on their backs 2) Mid to high altitude Montane Forest (Tropical o Cere colour & Sub-tropical)(above 1000 metres above mean ° Steppe Eagle o Bill size and shape sea-level [amsl]) o Wing shape 3) Woodland [usually deciduous]; Miombo Savannah (Grasslands With Some Scattered o Breast colour and or patterning [dominated by Julbernardia, Brachystegia and Trees And/Or Bushes) o Size equivalency Uapaca species]; Thornbush [dominated by ° Ayre‘s Hawk-eagle Acacia species]; Broad-leaved [dominated by ° Long-crested Eagle Terminalia, Combretum species] 4) Savannah (Grasslands with some scattered trees ° Martial Eagle Introduction: What to Look Out For or bushes) ° Eastern Imperial Eagle

Grasslands (low and high altitude) 5) ° Golden Eagle The first step toward making a successful 6) Semi-desert (Sahel, Karoo, Fynbos, montane, identification is to rapidly run through a series of key alpine) Semi-Desert (Sahel, Karoo, Fynbos, Montane, factors to either confirm or discard a different raptors Alpine) family or group. AQUATIC HABITATS Booted Eagle ° ° HABITAT - What habitat are you in ? 1) Rivers ° Steppe Eagle ° LEGS œ Are they feathered or unfeathered ? 2) Other wetlands (Dams, lakes, marshes) ° Eastern Imperial Eagle Estuaries ° EYES œ Can you determine the eye colour ? 3) ° Golden Eagle

° PLUMAGE - What is the dominant plumage With these factor is mind we can begin to separate colour of back ? out the various raptor species. ° sooty brown, black, white or

combinations ° shades of brown (i.e. dark brown,

The Identification of Birds of Prey (Raptors) in Africa © WildlifeCampus ° LEGS Without Feathers Mid To High Altitude Montane Forest ° SIZE equivalent œ specified Escarpment Edges,Remnant Forest ! eye colour - red ° PLUMAGE - specified o Gabar Goshawk [adult] Patches] (Tropical & Sub-Tropical) ° HABITAT œ Terrestrial o Black Sparrowhawk [adult]

o Ovambo Sparrowhawk [adult]

Lowland Equatorial And Gallery Forest o Bateleur [adult] dominant plumage colour of back - sooty brown,

black, white or all eye colour - brown dominant plumage colour of back - sooty brown, ! o Ovambo Sparrowhawk [juvenile] black, white or all size equivalent - Feral pigeon o African Hobby [adult & juvenile] ° o African Hobby [adult & juvenile] o Eurasian Hobby [adult] ° size equivalent - Turtle Dove to Feral pigeon o Eurasian Hobby [adult] o Eleonora's Falcon [adult & juvenile] ° Red-thighed Sparrowhawk [adult] ° Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk [adult] dominant plumage colour of back œ brown dominant plumage colour of BACK œ brown

° size equivalent Pied Crow or larger ° size equivalent - Turtle Dove to Grey-headed ! eye colour - yellow ° Bat Hawk [adult] Gull ° Black Sparrowhawk [adult] o African Hobby [juvenile] ° size - Turtle Dove to Feral Pigeon ° Palm-nut Vulture [adult] o Eurasian Sparrowhawk [juvenile] o Shikra [adult female & juvenile] o African Goshawk [juvenile] o Levant Sparrowhawk [juvenile] dominant plumage colour of back œ brown o Gabar Goshawk [juvenile]

° size equivalent - Pied Crow o Eurasian Sparrowhawk [juvenile] ° size equivalent Turtle Dove to Grey-headed Gull o African Harrier-hawk (Gymnogene) o Red-thighed Sparrowhawk [juvenile] [juvenile] ° size - Helmeted Guineafowl and larger o Red-chested Goshawk [juvenile] o Mountain Buzzard [adult & juvenile] o Southern Banded Snake-eagle [juvenile] o Forest Buzzard [adult & juvenile] o Brown Snake-eagle [adult & juvenile] ° size equivalent Pied Crow and larger o Eastern Chanting Goshawk [juvenile] ° African Harrier-hawk (Gymnogene) dominant plumage colour of back - grey, grey- o Black Sparrowhawk [juvenile] [juvenile] brown o Dark Chanting Goshawk [juvenile] ° Congo Serpent-eagle [juvenile] o Grasshopper Buzzard [juvenile] ° Black Sparrowhawk [juvenile] ° size equivalent - Feral pigeon to Grey-headed o Beaudouin's Snake-eagle [juvenile] ° Bat Hawk [juvenile] Gull ° Long-tailed Hawk [juvenile] o African Goshawk [adult] ° Palm-nut Vulture [juvenile] o Eurasian Sparrowhawk [adult] ! eye colour red/red-brown dominant plumage colour of back - grey, grey- size equivalent to Pied Crow ° size - Helmeted Guineafowl and larger brown ° o African Harrier-hawk (Gymnogene) o Black Kite [adult]

[adult] o Yellow-billed Kite [adult] ° size equivalent - Turtle Dove to Feral pigeon ° Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk [adult & ! eye colour - brown juvenile]

° size - Feral Pigeon to Grey-headed Gull ° size equivalent Grey-headed Gull or larger Woodland (Miombo, Acacia, Broad-Leaved) o Common Kestrel [adult & juvenile] ° African Harrier-hawk (Gymnogene) o Eurasian Hobby [juvenile] [adult] o Sooty Falcon [juvenile] ° Red-chested Goshawk [adult] dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty brown, o Ovambo Sparrowhawk [juvenile] ° Congo Serpent-eagle [adult] black, white or all o African Goshawk [juvenile] ° Long-tailed Hawk [adult] ° Red-necked Buzzard [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour - yellow ! size - Pied Crow and larger o Palm-nut Vulture [adult] o Lanner Falcon [juvenile] o Bat Hawk [adult & juvenile] o European Honey Buzzard [juvenile] o Black-chested Snake-eagle [adult] o African Harrier Hawk (Gymnogene) o Gabar Goshawk [juvenile] [juvenile] o Bateleur [juvenile] WildlifeCampus Birding Course 3

o Lizard Buzzard [adult & juvenile] o Southern Banded Snake-eagle [juvenile] o Levant Sparrowhawk [juvenile] ! eye colour yellowish to greyish brown ° size - Pied Crow and larger (biscuit-coloured) o Eastern Chanting Goshawk [adult] ! eye colour - red o Dark Chanting Goshawk [adult] o Black Kite [adult] ° size - Turtle Dove to Feral Pigeon o African Cuckoo Hawk [adult male] o Yellow-billed Kite [adult] o Little Sparrowhawk [juvenile] o Levant Sparrowhawk [juvenile] ! eye colour yellow-brown [biscuit] ! eye colour - brown o Long-legged Buzzard [adult & juvenile] o Steppe Buzzard [juvenile] ° size - Pied Crow and larger o Black Kite [juvenile] o African Cuckoo Hawk [juvenile] ° size - Common Fiscal (Fiscal Shrike) o Yellow-billed Kite [juvenile] o Western Banded Snake-eagle [juvenile] o African Pygmy Falcon [adult & juvenile] o Eurasian Griffon [juvenile] o Black Kite [juvenile] o Jackal Buzzard [juvenile] o Yellow-billed Kite [juvenile] ° size - Feral Pigeon and larger o Levant Sparrowhawk [ juvenile] Palm-nut Vulture [juvenile] o o Sooty Falcon [adult]

o Red-necked Buzzard [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour brown dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, grey- o African Harrier Hawk (Gymnogene) o Rock Kestrel [adult & juvenile] brown [adult] o Hooded Vulture [adult & juvenile]

o Lanner Falcon [adult] o Saker Falcon [adult & juvenile] eye colour - yellow ! o Steppe Buzzard [adult]

o Lesser Kestrel [adult & juvenile] ° size - Turtle Dove to Grey-headed Gull o White-backed Vulture [adult & juvenile] o Little Sparrowhawk [adult] Savannah (Grasslands with Scattered o Cape Vulture [juvenile] o Shikra [adult female] Trees or Bushes) o Greater Kestrel [adult & juvenile] o Eurasian Sparrowhawk [adult] o Bateleur [juvenile] o African Goshawk [adult] o Eurasian Hobby [juvenile]

dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty brown, o Rueppell‘s Vulture [juvenile] ° size - Pied Crow and larger black, white or all o White-headed Vulture [juvenile] o African Cuckoo Hawk [adult female] o Egyptian Vulture [juvenile] o Pallid Harrier [juvenile] o Grasshopper Buzzard [adult] ! eye colour - yellow o European Honey Buzzard [adult] o Rueppell's Griffon [adult] o Montagu‘s Harrier [juvenile] o Western Banded Snake-eagle [adult] o White-headed Vulture [adult] o Lanner Falcon [juvenile] o Southern Banded Snake-eagle [adult]

o Short-toed Snake-eagle [adult & ! eye colour - red juvenile] o Bateleur [adult] dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, grey- o Beaudouin's Snake-eagle [adult] brown

! eye colour - brown o Jackal Buzzard [adult] ! eye colour - yellow ! eye colour yellowish to greyish brown o Eurasian Hobby [adult] o Pallid Harrier [adult] (biscuit) o Lappet-faced Vulture [adult & juvenile] o Montagu's Harrier [adult] o Black-shouldered Kite [juvenile] o Egyptian Vulture [adult] o Secretarybird [adult] o Eurasian Sparrowhawk [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour - red dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown o Southern Banded Snake-eagle [adult & juvenile] o Black-shouldered Kite [juvenile] ° size - Turtle Dove to Grey-headed Gull ! eye colour - yellow

o Shikra [adult male] o Greater Kestrel [adult] eye colour - red o Gabar Goshawk [adult] o Cape Vulture [adult] ! o Pale Chanting Goshawk [adult] o Levant Sparrowhawk [adult] o Eurasian Griffon [adult] o Black-shouldered Kite [adult] o Ovambo Sparrowhawk [adult] o Eurasian Sparrowhawk [juvenile] o Swallow-tailed Kite [adult] o Black-shouldered Kite [adult] o Pale Chanting Goshawk [juvenile]

The Identification of Birds of Prey (Raptors) in Africa © WildlifeCampus o Levant Sparrowhawk [adult female] o Augur Buzzard [adult] o Eastern Chanting Goshawk [adult] o Lappet-faced Vulture [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour grey-brown o Barbary Falcon [juvenile] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, o Pale Chanting Goshawk [juvenile] o Peregrine Falcon [juvenile] grey-brown o Levant Sparrowhawk [juvenile] ! eye colour - yellow ! eye colour - dark brown ! eye colour - brown o Black Harrier [adult] o Sooty Falcon [adult & juvenile] o Dickinson's Kestrel [adult & juvenile] o Bearded Vulture [adult & juvenile] o Western Red-footed Falcon [adult & o Grey Kestrel [adult & juvenile] o Rueppell's Griffon [adult] juvenile] o Sooty Falcon [adult & juvenile] o African Pygmy Falcon [adult & juvenile] o Western Red-footed Falcon [adult & o Red-necked Falcon [adult] juvenile] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown o Barbary Falcon [adult] o Amur Falcon [adult & juvenile] (creamy-brown) o Peregrine Falcon [adult] o African Pygmy Falcon [adult & juvenile] o Taita falcon [adult & juvenile] o Red-necked Falcon [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour - yellow o Lanner Falcon [adult] o Lanner Falcon [adult] o Cape Vulture [adult]

o Eurasian Griffon [adult] o Beaudouin‘s Snake-eagle [juvenile] o Grasshopper Buzzard [juvenile] Grasslands (Mid To High Altitude) ! eye colour greyish-yellow size equivalent - Grey-headed Gull to Pied Crow o Rueppell's Griffon [juvenile] o Jackal Buzzard [juvenile] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty o Augur Buzzard [juvenile] brown, black, white or all o Eurasian Griffon [juvenile] o Pale Chanting Goshawk [juvenile] ! eye colour deep red or dark brown o Eastern Chanting Goshawk [juvenile] o Augur Buzzard [adult] o Peregrine Falcon [adult & juvenile] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown (creamy-brown)

° dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown ! eye colour - dark brown ! eye colour - yellow-brown o Long-legged Buzzard [adult & juvenile] o Augur Buzzard [juvenile] o Hooded Vulture [adult & juvenile] o Saker Falcon [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour yellow o Cape Vulture [juvenile] o Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk [juvenile] o White-backed Vulture [adult & juvenile] o Rock Kestrel [adult & juvenile] o Fox Kestrel [adult & juvenile] o Lanner Falcon [juvenile] dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, ° grey-brown

! eye colour yellow o Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk [adult] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, grey-brown

! eye colour - yellow Semi-Desert (Sahel, Karoo, Fynbos, o Black Harrier [juvenile] o Beaudouin‘s Snake-eagle [adult] Montane, Alpine) o Grasshopper Buzzard [adult] o Swallow-tailed Kite [juvenile] o Black-shouldered Kite [juvenile] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty brown, black, black and white ! eye colour deep red or dark brown o Black-shouldered Kite [adult & juvenile] ! eye colour deep red or dark brown o Swallow-tailed Kite [adult & juvenile] o Jackal Buzzard [adult] o Pale Chanting Goshawk [adult] WildlifeCampus Birding Course 5

Legs Without Feathers

ESTUARIES Size - equivalent to Helmeted Guineafowl or larger Habitat œ Aquatic ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty brown, black, black and white o Osprey [adult] DAMS, LAKES & MARSHES o Palm-nut Vulture [adult] o Peregrine Falcon [juvenile]

° dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty brown, black, black and white ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown o Osprey [adult] ° Osprey [juvenile] o Palm-nut Vulture [adult] ° African Fish-eagle [adult & juvenile] o Black Harrier [adult] ° Black Kite [adult & juvenile] ° Yellow-billed Kite [adult & juvenile] ° Southern-banded Snake-eagle [juvenile] dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown ° ° Palm-nut Vulture [juvenile] o Osprey [juvenile] o African Marsh-harrier [adult] o Western Marsh-harrier [adult & juvenile] ° dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, o African Fish-eagle [adult & juvenile] grey-brown o Southern-banded Snake-eagle [juvenile] o Peregrine Falcon [adult] o Palm-nut Vulture [juvenile] o Southern-banded Snake-eagle [adult]

° dominant plumage colour of BACK - grey, grey-brown o Black Harrier [juvenile] o African Marsh-harrier [adult & juvenile] o Southern-banded Snake-eagle [adult]

RIVERS

° dominant plumage colour of BACK - sooty brown, black, black and white o Osprey [adult]

° dominant plumage colour of BACK - brown o Osprey [juvenile] o African Fish-eagle [adult & juvenile] o Black Kite [adult & juvenile] o Yellow-billed Kite [adult & juvenile]

The Identification of Birds of Prey (Raptors) in Africa © WildlifeCampus