STUDIES ON THE VIOLACEAE FAMILY IN

(Dedicated to prof. Dr. E. Esfandiari on the occasion of his 80th birthday).

M. Khatamsaz

lran. Khatamsaz, M.1989 t2 37: Studies on the violaceae family in - Iran. Journ. Bot. 4(2): t7L-L82" ' the The plant family Violaceae in Iran has been revised' A key to notes for species, nomenclature, selected specimens and necessary the taxa are presented. Altogether 19 species are known from Iran' Viola spathulata vat. delirensis is described as new. V. elatior and v. hirta are new records from Iran. V. cinerea vat. bornmulleri = V. cinerea and V. makranica = V. behboudiana are new synonymes'

Range- Mahbot,rbeh Khatatnsaz, Research Institute of Forests and lands, P. O. Box 13185-1 76,Tehran, Iran'

olj,l ,o (Violaceae) 4;!rr{ JS orlg;L; .srr,,:Ub jLib 0,.9-,-. l.1l

(Violaceae) a'rl;L ,Jr.b o5 .r9:,.r, a:lrl ,l-lr" ^"1-JS )l 's.ttr toa-95 L L:J !5 I 6 l-o-9;' !9r |iS'' L J f I' .5* . .--l rs.t s f oV; ;, ..L+ a'eS Lr* . s*l o$ *Lb ol-l ,r o.rl;b ol ;l I 1 c;ll: osls cj-r6, l-\il-, Viola spathulatavar' delirensis 'r*'P

osls;rl;Jgl-l ;l ,L.3)el ,slt- V'hirta, V'elatio'-0"-- o:rSrs V. cinereavat'botnmulleri o:'-'lt' s-rics* ,.L;.rl Z. cinerea V' makranica uf . .rrcr o:;Ll V. behboudiana o;r5 ;l'rr::' : ll2 M. Khatamsaz rRAN. JOURN. BOT. 4(2), 1989 Introduction The genus Viok is the only representa- tive of t};.e Viokceae The plant family Viokceae in Iran was fanlly in Iran. It includes 19 revised in a project "preparation of Flora species in Iran. They are of Iran in Farsi". Here a translation of more often distributed in N. & NW., but also important parts including, key to the some occur in W. & S. Iran. species, nomenclature, selected speeimens and necessary notes are presented. Key to the species Violaceae 1. Flowers violet, blue or white, never Boisser, E. Fl. Or 450(1867); 1: Becker, yellow; lateral petals spreading hori- W . Vioke des Herbarium Barbey-Boissier, zontally; style hooked; stipules entire Bul. Herb Boiss. 2 ser II: 852 (1902); to fimbriate, never lobed; plants with Becker, W. Violaceae Asiaticae et Austra- cleistogamous flowers in late spring lienses, Beih. Bot. Centr. 34(2):208-266, and summer. (Sect. Viola) 2 373-433 (1917); ibid. 36(2): 15-b9 + Flowers yellow or of mixed colours. (1918); ibid. 40 (2): 2o-77I (N2g; often with a yellow centre; lateral Yuzepchuk, S. V. in shishkin(ed.) Flora petals directed towards the top of the of the U.S.S.R. vcl. 15:350(1949); flowers; style expanded into a globose Parsa, A. Flore de I'Iran 1:956(19b1); head; stipules pinnatifid, palmatifid or Coode, M.J. & Cullen, J. in Davis, P.H. entire; cleistogamous flowers absent. (ed.) Flora of Turkey 1:524(196b); (Sect. Melaniuml 16 Valentine, D.H. & Merxmiiler, H. in 2. Leaves ovateorbicular or cordate. cor- Tutin, T.G. & Heywood, V.H. (eds.). date at the base. g Flora Europea vol. 2:270(1967); Meikle, 'l- Leaves ovate to spathulate, cuneate at R.D. in Townsend, C.C. & Evan Guest the base. 72 (eds.) Flora of Iraq vol. 4:172(1980); 3. Plants acaulescent, leaves all radical. 4 Zohary, M. & al. Conspectus Florae + Plants caulescent, flowers axillary. 9 Orientalis, Fascicle 2:68(1988); eaiser, 4. Stolons present. 5 M. & Saood Omer in Nasir, E. & Ali, S.L + Stolons absent. 8 (eds.) Flora of Pakistan No. 1G6 (198b); 5. Stolons underground; flowers light Ghahreman, A. Flore de l,Iran en violet with a white centre.3. V. suauis colour naturell. (1 978-1989). + Stolons above the ground; flowers Violaceae in Iran 173 rRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989

blue or violet or all white. 6 capsule glabrous or Pubescent. 11 petals 6. Stipules with numerous, long, eglan- ll.Flowers lilac, spur dark purple; dular frmbriae, leaves acute, stolons nanow; peduncles with bracteoles at not rooting. 4. V. alba the middle. 7. V' reichenbachiana + Stipules entire, or with few glandular + Flowers white or bluish white, spur fimbriae; leaves obtuse, stolons pale, petals broad, overlaPping; rooting at the ends. 1 peduncles with bracteoles above the 7. Sepals not ciliate; leaves + thick and middle. 8. V. sieheana dark green; Petioles glabrous. 12. Plants perennial, acaulescent, leaves l. V. odotata and flowers all radical; leaves spathu- + Sepals ciliate; Ieaves herbaceous and late to ovate-elliptic; stipules shortly 13 light green; Petioles hairY. adnate to petiole. 2. V' ignobilis + Plants annual or sometimes perennial, stipules 8. Stipules with long fimbriae; flowers caulescent; leaves obovate; fragrant, white or light violet; ped- small and free from the Petiole. 14 uncles with bracteoles at or mostly 13. Not cushion-forming Plant, not above the middle; leaves crenate at woody at base, leaves sPathulate; margin 4. V. alba sepals strigose. lO. V. spathulata plants, woodY at + Stipules with short fimbriae; flowers + Cushion-forming sepals not scented, dark violet; Peduncles base, leaves ovate-elliptic; tL. V. with bracteoles below the middle; glabrous. PachYrrhiza stem and capsule glabrous. leaves sharplY dentate u, *T*f1. l4.Leaves, , . . c. v, ntrta 74. V. stocbsii + stem and capsulepubescent. lS 9. Plant lacking basal leaf-rosette, leaves Leaves, grey; perennial; stipules usually long er than wide. 15.Plant ashy 9. V. elatior acuminate. t2. V. cinerea stipules acute. + Plant with basal leaf-rosette; leaves + Plant green; annual; behboudiana usually about as long as wide' 10 t3. V. distinctly bibracteolate. 17 10.Plant samll, up to 1Ocm., flowers not l6.Peduncle ebracteolate, or with minute more than c.1.5. cm; Peduncles and + Peduncle bracteoles closely adpressed to the capsule villous. 6. V. ruPestris 19 + Plants, taller than 10 cm; flowers calyx. the sepals; flowers more than c. 1.5 cm; Peduncles and l?.Petals exceeding L14 M. Khatamsaz IRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), r9B9

more than c. 1.5 cm, mostly mixed Shirdelpour 15272; near Andarvar, ca. colours. L5. V. tricolor 20 km. E. , 150m, Wendelbo + Petals equalling or shorter than sepals; & Shirdelpour 15258; Haraz pass, S. flowers not more than c. 1.5 cm. Kareh-Sang, 400 m, Wendelbo & Shirde- yellow. 18 lpour 15226; Nowshahr, Maadan, Iran- 18.Plant to 40 cm high; stipules 2 to 5 shahr 14074-E; S. of Chalous, Termeh cm, the middle segment large and leaf 13695E; Shirgah, Mansouri 243. 4ilan; -like. 16. V. aruensis Asalem-Khalkhal pass, 200m, Wendelbo + Plant 2 to L5 cm high; stipules up to & Maassoumi 19088; Rasht-Lahijan pass, 0.5-1 cm, the middle segment not Rostamabad, Ghahreman & Agustin 41. leaflike. 17. V.leitaibeliana - Azarbayejan: SW. Urumiya, Silvana, 19.Sepals ovate, equalling or exceeding S. mont. Dizeh, 1750 m, Runemark & petals, sepal appendages exceeding the Foroughi 19716; W. Urumiya, Targevar, petal spur; flowers mostly yellow. 1700-2000m, Runemark & Foroughi 18. V. occuha L97 49. + Sepals triangular-lanceolate, shorter Intermediates between tr/. alba and than petals; petal spur exceeding the this taxon occur. sepal appendages; flowers mostly mixed colours. 19. V. rnodesta 2. V. ignobilis Rupr., Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. Ser. 7, l5(2): 148 (1869). 1. V. odorata L., Sp. Pl. 934(1753). Selected specimens: Mazandaran: Chalus valley, Siah Bisheh, Syn. Z. wiedemannii Boiss.. Fl. Or. 1: 2420 Foroughi 457(L867\. m, 188, 391; Firoozkuh pass, Pol-e Veresk, 1730 m, Foroughi Selected specimens: L23L; , Rudbarak, 1530 m, Gorgan. Shahrud pass, NE of Khosh- Termeh & al. 377L6-E. - Azarbayejan: Yeilagh, 1550 m, Wendelbo & al. 11130; Ahar-Tabriz pass, 20 km. SW. of Ahar, ca. 15 km. S. of Moraveh Tappeh, Gonbad 1700m, Wendelbo & Assadi !9296; pass, 1000m, Hewer 36060. - Mazanda- Arasbaran protected area, S. mont. of rian: Nowshahr, Khaeyrudkenar forest, Kharil, 2O0O-250O m, Assadi & Maas- 400m, Assadi 3396; S. of Ghasemabad, soumi 20269. - Semnan: Kuh-e Ghatri, W. Ramsar, 3396; S. of Ghasemabad, W. Kuh-e Abr, N. of Shahrud, 2200 m. Ramsar, 100-200m, Wendelbo & Wendelbo & Foroughi 11150. -Tehran: rRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989 Violaceae in Iran L75

Rudak, Shemshak pass, 1900 m, Rirazi in Beih. Bot. Cenb. 36(2): 2l(L9L8); V. 892L. sintenisii sensu Bornm., Feddes Rep. Beih.89(1): 87(1936).

3. V. Suavis Bieb. Fl. Taur. - Cauc. 3: Selected specirnens: 164(1819). Mazandaran: E. of Nowshahr, Khaeyrud- Kenar forest, 75 m, Wendelbo & Shirdel- Syn.: V. odorata L. var. suavis (Bieb.) pour 15275; S. of Ghassemabad, W. of Boiss. Fl. Or. 1: 458(1861\; V. pontica Ramsar, 100-200 m, Wendelbo & Becker in Beih. Bot. Centr. 36(2): 18 Shirdelpour 7527 5; S. of Ramsar Darreh (1e18). Neydasht, 680 m, Wendlbo & Maassoumi Selected specimens: 19158: km. 88 on Damghan-Sari pass, Mazandaran: Kelardasht, Takhteh Soly- 1650 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 29536; man mont., 3500 m, Fotovat 10167; S. Chalus, 3 km to Vissar, 1400 m, Mozaf- of Chalus, Vissar, 1600 m, Mozaffarian farian 27375. - Gilan: Assalem to Khal- 27358; Nowshahr, S. of KhaeYud- khal, 200 m, Wendelbo & Maassoumi Kenar, 75m, Wendelbo & Shirdelpour 19091. 15264; Sangdeh, 30 km. SE. of Pol-e Sefid, 2500 m. Renz & Iranshahr 16814. r5. V. hirta L., Sp. Pl. ed. I(1753)934; -E. Gilan: Ardabil to Astara pass, E. of - Ging. in DC. Prodr. I(1824) 295. Gardaneh Heyran, 700 m, Wendelbo & Maassoumi L9L2O; Assalem to Khalkhal, Selected specimens: 1900 m. Wendelbo & Assadi 27794. - Mazandaran: Siah Bisheh, 2550 m, Tehran: Darband, Pasghaleh, 1400 m, Mozaffarian 27398. - Semnan: Kuh-e Rechinger 2607. Ghatri, N. of Shahrud, 2500 m, Wendelbo & al. 11169. - Tehran: W. of Tehran, 4. V. alba Besser, Primit. Fl. Galic. 1: Chitgar, 1320 m, Riazi 8715. 171(1809). New to Iran.

Syn.: Z. armena Boiss. & Huet in Boiss.. 6. V. rupestris F. W. Schmidt, Abh. Diagn. ser. 2(5): 48(1856); I/. thessala Bohm. Ges. Wiss. Ser. 2,1:60 (1791). sensu Bornmuller, J. 1905, Bull, Heb. Boiss. 2 Ser. 5(11): 42 non Boiss. & Syn.: V. arenaria DC., Prodr. L: 269 Sprun.; V. alba subsp. sintenisii Becker (18241. L76 M, Khatamsaz rRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989 Selected specimens: Syn.: V. neglecta M. 8., Fl. Taur. - Mazandaran: Neydasht, 1000m, Sabeti Cauc. I: 172(1803) non F. W. Schmidt, 8709; Chalus pass, 2 km to Siah Bisheh, Fl. Boem. 3:55(1?g1) ; V. silvaticaBoiss. 2450m, Runemark & Mozaffarian 28076; Fl. Or. I: 459 (186?); V. silvatica vat. ca. 50 km SW. of Chalus, above Dalir, caspica Rupr. Fl. Cauc.: $a{.196g); V. 2800 m, Assadi & Maassoumi 51593; caspica Freyn, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2 Ramsar, 4 krn. SW. Javaherdeh, 2500 m, ser.: 840 (1902); V. masendrana Freyn Runemark & Maessoumi 2O87L. ex Becker, Beih. Bot. Central. 26(2): Azarbayejan: Assalem to Khalkhal, 298 (1910); V. obtusa Freyn ex Becker, Gardaneh Almass, 2350-2400 m, Beih. 3ot. Central. 26(2):298 (1910); Wendelbo & Assadi 18509; Kaleibar to V. riuiniuta Reichb. subsp. sieheana Makidi, 1300-1700 m, Wendelbo & (Becker) Hayek Prodr. Fl. Balc. 1:506 Assadi L69771' ca. 2O km to Khalkhal, (1e25). Kerman mont. 2OOO-22OO m. Termeh & Matine 36501-E. Selected specirnens: Gorgan: Golestan park, Tangeh-rah, in 7. V. reichenbachiana Jord ex Bor., Fl. forest, 450m, Wendelbo & al. 10935; E. Centr. France, ed. 3,2: 78(1857). of Gorgan, 100 m, Pabot 1626. Mazandaran: Pol-e Sefid, forest above Syn.: V. syluestris Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: Sangdeh, Assadi & Maassoumi 55311; 680 (1778) pro parte. Nowshahr, Khaeyrud-Kenar forest, 200 Selected specimens: m, Assadi 33419, 33408; E. of Ramsar, Khorassan: 33 km. Moraveh Tappeh 50 m, Pabot 2628; Behstrahr, Teregobov to Ashkhaneh, 1350 m, Assadi & Maas- 228; , Bazzazi 242. - Gilan: 28 km soumi 55607. Manjil to Damash, Amarlou area, 700 m, This and V. sieheana are very closely Assadi & Shah-Mohammadi 60040, related, and both are difficult to separate 60046; Masouleh, Yussefi 240. ftom V. ridniana Rchb., which does not occur in Iran. Only one specimen is 9. V. elatior Fries. Novit. Fl. Suec. ed. recognizd. Further studies are needed. 2:217(7828).

8. V. Sieheana Becker, in Bull. Herb. Corgan: Golestan park, S. of Tangeh-rah Boiss. 2(21: 75L (1902). forest, 550 m, Wendelbo & al. 11017. IRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989 Violaceae in Iran L77

This species is recorded from Iran for 11. V. pachyrrhiza Boiss. et Hoh. in the first time. Boiss., Diagn. ser 1,6:21 (1849) non. V. pachynhiza Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. Frce. 26: 84(1879). 10. V. spathulata Willd. in Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veget. 5.353 (1819). Syn. : V. spathukta subsp. pachynhiza (Boiss. et Hohen.) Becker, Bieh. Bot. Syn.: Z. spathulata Boiss. Fl. Or. L: 454 Centr. 34(2\: 396 (1917). (186?); V. papillaris Boiss. et Hohen- in Boiss. Diagn Ser. 1,8: 52(1849). Selected specimens: Bakhtaran: S. of Karand, Kuh-e Bimar, Selected specimens: near Hokany village, 1500 m, Wendelbo Tehran: Above Shemshak, 2100 m' & Assadi L6762. 61 km. Ali- Wendelbo L7232; Elika, Maklir mont., -Luristan: goodarz to Shoulabad, 240O m, Rune- 2400-3400 m' Termeh 15322- E' mark & Lazari26228- Bakhtiari: Bazoft valley, N. slope of Tataz mont., 1700- V. epathulata Willd. var. delirensis 2300 m. Mozaffarian 57810. Khatamsaz, Yar. nov. A typo foliis, stipulae et calyceque L2. V. cinerea Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1,1: 7 plerumque sanguineo-glandulis dense (1842), obsitae differt. Syn.: Z. cinerea Boiss. vat. bornmulleri Mazandaran: Ca. 50 km. SW of Chalus, W. Becker in Bull. Heb. Boiss. 2 Ser.2: above Delir vilIage, 2800 m, Assadi & 853(1902). Maassoumi 51569 (Typus TARI), Chalus- Selected specimens: IGraj pass, Douzdeband, Ghahreman & Hormozgan: ca. 100 km SE of Lar, Aghustin 39. above Sartang village, Kuh-e Shab, 500- 900 m, Assadi & Sardabi 42007; Bandar- V. spathulata Willd. var. latifolia Abbas, 90 km Sirjan pa.ss, 710 m' Forou- Ghahreman, No. 40, Flore de I'Iran en ghi 1159; Bandar-Abbas, Genou, 1150- couleur naturelle, nomen. 250 m, Ghahreman & Mozaffarian 5428' A typo foliis, late differt. - Bushehr: Ca.2-3 km NE of Khormoj, Mazandaran: Chalus-Karaj pass, Douzde- 150 m, Runemark & Mozaffarian 27L47; band, Ghatrreman & Aghustin 40 (typus) Bushehr-Bandar Lengeh Pds, 16 km L78 M. Khatamsaz rRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989

lr tcm

Fig. 1. Viola spathulata var. delirensis rRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989 Violaceoe in Iran L79

Taheri, 60H50 m, Bokhari & Wendelbo 10755; ca. 25 km. Iranshar to Khash, 256. Kerman: Kuh-e Jebalebarez, Baluchekan, 950 m, Mozaffarian 53369. Rechinger & Esfandiari 372F8,110 km I have not seen the type of V. mabran- Bandar-Abbas to Sirjan, 100-1400 m, ica but judging form the description it Mozaffarian 44930. - Baluchestan: Tang should be identical with V. behboudiana. -e Sareh, Sharif 321-8, Iranshahr to Bazman, Sharif 32O- E. 14. V. stoclcii Boiss.. Fl. Or. 1: 453 Intermediates between V. beh- (1867). boudiana and this taxon occur. I have Syn.: V. cinerea var. stocksli (Boiss.) not seen the type specimen of V. cinerea Becker, Viola Asiat et Austral. in Beih. var. bornmulleri Becker, but from the Bot. Centra. 36(2): 37(1918). description no clear difference could be found, separating typical V. cinera. Selected specimens: Hormozgan : Bandar-Abbas, ca. 20-80 km, 13. V. behboudiana Rech. fil. et W. of Rudan, 150-200 m, Wendelbo & Esfandiari, Anz. Osterr. Akad. Wiss., Foroughi 15630, 42 km. Minab to Math. - Nat., 87:297 (1950). Senderk, 160 m, Mozaffarian & al. 39145.

Syn.: Z. makranica Omer & Qaiser, Pak. 15. V. tricolor L.,Sp. Pl. 935 (1753). J. Bot.17(1): 137 (1985). Selected specimens: Selected specimens: Azarbayejan: W. of Kalibar, Ghaleh Hormozgan: Bashagard, 11 km Senderak, Babak, 1700-1950 m, Mozaffarian Arangeh, 450 m, Mozaffarian & al. 43661; Astara to Ardabil pass, Gardaneh 39188; 66 km. N. of Bandar-Abbas, Heyran, Iranshahr 14073. Sirjan pass, 400 m, Wendelbo & Foroughi 15703, ca. 50 km. N. of Bandar-Abbas, Sarzeh, 250 m, Mozaf- 16. V. arvensis Murray, Prodr. Des. Strip. farian 4980. - Kerman: Darzin, 63 km Gott. 73 (1770). Jiroft pass, 1750 m, Foroughi 15950; ca. 26 km. Minab, Behboudi 319- E. Syn.: Z. tricolor L. var. aruensis (Murray) - Boiss., Fl. Or. L: 465 (1867). Baluchestan: 20 km. Rask to Chah- Bahar, 300 m, Runemark & Assadi 22396, Selected specimens: Hodar, Ghasr-e Ghand, 380 m, Forughi Mazandaran: S. of Ramsar. 23 km l8O M.Khatamsaz rRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989

Javaherdeh, Jirkuh, 1450 m, Runemark Selected specimens: & Maassoumi 20699, - Azarbayejan: Gorgan: 80 km Bojnourd to Gorgan, Arasbaran protected area, Kaleibar to 1400 m, Assadi & Maassoumi 50063; Hejrandoust, 135(F1700 m, Assadi & Golestan froest, Almeh, 1800 m, Maassoumi 2OO34;E. of Veinagh, 1200- Foroughi 87L2; Golestan forest, between 1500 m, Assadi ,& Maassoumi 20311. Sharlegh and Cheshmeh-Khan, Zehzd Intermediates between V. l<,itaibeliana 82283. - Mazandaran: Damgtran to Sari, and this taxon occur. 2100 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 29513;31 km. Kandavan to Hataz pass, Nassan Nour, 26030 m, Assadi & Mozaffarian 17. V. kitaibeliana Roem. & Schult., 32991; Chalus-Karaj pass, Siah-Bisheh, Syst. Veg.5: 383 (1819). 24OO m, Foroughi 149. {ilan: Between Syn.: V. tricolor var. hitaibeliana Ghazvin and Rudbar, Kuhin, 1600 m, (R. & S.) Boiss., Fl. Or. L: 466(L867); V. Wendelbo & Assadi 2?680; DeYlaman, brachyantha Stapf, Polak. Exp. 2: 39 Abaei 13014- E. - Azarbayejan: W. of (1886); V. hymetia sensu Parsa Flore Urumieh, Silvana, 1700 m, Runemark & de I'Iran 1: 967 (1951) non Boiss. et Foroughi, Ardabil to Khalkhal pass, 15 Heldr. km Khalkhal, 1500-2000 m, Termeh & Moussavi 16505-E; Ashk Island in Selected specimen: Urumieh lake, 1300-1400 m, Zehzad Mazandaran: E. slope of Damavand 83389; Arasbaran protected area, Kalan, mont. above Malar, 2550 3600 m, - 2500 m. Zehzad 83653. Kurdestan: Assadi & Mozaffarian 33184. - Bijar, 2000 m, Iranshahr & Dezfolian Intermediates between V. occulta and 13693-E; Lorestan: Khalilabad, 40 km V. modesta and this taxon occur. SE. of Aligoodarz, 2300-2450 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 16439. 18. V. occulta Lehm..Ind. Sem. Hort. -Korassan: ca. 45 km N. of Shirvan, Goloulsarani Hamb. (1829). Schmidt in Ber. Deutsch. protected area, 2300-3000 m, Assadi & Bot. Ges.75(3): 78-84 (1962). Maassoumi 50406; between Ghuchan Syn.: V. appendiculata Bekr. in Mitt. and Darehgaz, Tandooreh National Park, ttriu. Bot. Ver. 19: 40 (1904).: V. trico- Shekarab, 2300 m Assadi & Maassoumi DC. Prodr. 1: 303 : 1 1 20 lor vat. appendiculata 50642. - Semnan Shahrud-Bastam , (L824). m, Rechinger 50343; between Shahpas- IRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989 Violaceae in lran 181 sand and Shahrud, 220O m,Wendelbo & Semirum, 3 km Maymand, 2000 m, Assadi 297L2. - Tehran: Lashgarak, Noroozi 2318. - Kuhgiluyeh & Boirah- 22OO m, Wendelbo L7239; IGraj, mad: Yazuj, Sisakht, 2100 m, Riazi, Kondar, 232O m, Riazi 8708; Kan, 1800 8716. -Fars: Kazerun, Kotal-e Pirezan, m, Runemark & Vamakeh 25505; 2350 m, Roshan 9167; Fahlian, 19 km Damavand, Abesard, Sabzevari 1 301 5-E. Yasuj pss, 1800 m, Riazi 9361; Between Shiraz and Bushehr, after Dasht From this species var uariegata Freyn c Arjan,1800 m, Assadi & Abouhamzeh et Sint. (Sint. II. Or. 1894). has been 38261; Dasht-e Arjan, 225O-24OO m, mentioned from Iran which to me its Mousavi & Termeh 33623 - E; 23 km correct position is not clear. W. of Shiraz, Pabot 6120. - Tehran: Garmsar, Saranvatz, 1630 m, Termeh & Matine 34940 E. 19. V. modeeta Fenzl, Pug. 12(1842). -

Syn.: V. ebracteolata Fenzl., III. et Species doubtfully recroded from lran. Descr. Pl. Nov. Syr. et Taur. 49 (18a9); V. karabalensis Klokov, Fl. U.S.S.R 15: V. septempunctata Siehe ex Bomm., 687(1949); Zohary, Consp. F. Orient. 2: Fede Repert. Beih. 89:90 (1936). 64(1983). Selected specimens: V. modestula Klokov, Fl. U.S.S.R. 15: Azarbayejan: W. of Urumieh, Targevar, 687, t. 22,ff-6,7 (1949); Zohary Consp. 1500 m, Runemark & Foroughi 19805. Fl. Orinet. 2: 65 (1983). -Kurdestan: Sanadaj to Kamiaran, 40 These two species have been recorded km Sanandaj, 1300 m, Fattahi 754. - from Iran by Klokov in Flora of the U.S. Bakhtaran: Katan, Sharif 6048-E; S.R. without furthur details. I have seen Kamiaran, Berenjan protected area, no Irnaian specimens of these species. Ghatrreman & al. 149. -Lorestan: Kuh V, meyeriana (Rupr.) Klokov, Fl. Sefid, Tang-e Farahkesh, 1800-1900 m, U.S.S.R. 15: 479 (1949); Zohaty, Wendelbo & Assadi 16686; Tang-e Tir, Consp. Fl. Orient. 2: 65(1983). ca. 40 km W. of Khoramabad, 1300 m, Wendelbo & Assadi 16551. - Ilam: This species has been described from Reno, Iranshahr 13691-E; Mehran, Elbrus in Caucasus. and mentioned as an Surin, Mirzajan 6049 - E. - Esfahan: endemic to that area, but Zohary in L82 M. Khatamsaz IRAN. JOURN. BOT.4(2), 1989

l.c. records it from N. of Iran. recorded from N. of Iran by Zohary in V. canina L., Sp. Pl. 935 (1753); Boiss., Consp. Fl. Orinet. 2: 64 (1983), but I Fl. Or. L: 459 (1867). have seen no Iranian specimens of it' This European sPecies has been