Tor to Public Hearing

TOR TO PUBLIC HEARING

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF M/s NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, NUMALIGARH, ASSAM

Report No.: B238-EI-1742-1901 July, 2019

Project Proponent: Environmental Consultant:

Category- A VOLUME- I Sector-10 (NABET), Category 4 (a) (MoEFCC) EIL - CERTIFICATE NO.: NABET/EIA/1619/RA 0041

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF i M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, B238-1742-EI-1901 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Rev. No. 0 Page i of ix

TOR Points Compliance for Proposed Refinery Expansion of NRL

Sl. Statement Status No. Standard TOR 1. Executive summary of the project Included in EIA report. 2. Introduction i. Details of the EIA Consultant including Details are given in section 1.1 of NABET accreditation Chapter-1. ii. Information about the project proponent Details are given in section 1.2.1 of iii. Importance and benefits of the project Chapter-1. Details are given in section 1.3.3 of Chapter-1.

3. Project Description

i) Cost of project and time of completion. Details given in section 1.4 of Chapter-1.

ii) Products with capacities for the The same is given in section 2.2 of proposed project. Chapter 2.

iii) If expansion project, details of existing The same is given in section 2.1 of products with capacities and whether Chapter 2. adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.

iv) List of raw materials required and their The same is given in section 2.2.2 of source along with mode of transportation Chapter 2.

v) Other chemicals and materials required Storage of material and products are with quantities and storage capacities given in section 2.2.4 of Chapter 2.

vi) Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous Details of emission, effluents and waste generation and their management hazardous waste are given in section 2.2.8 of Chapter 2.

vii) Requirement of water, power, with Details of proposed project with utilities source of supply, status of approval, are given in table 2.7 of Chapter 2. water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)

viii) Process description along with major Process description of proposed project is equipment’s and machineries, process given in section 2.2 Chapter 2. flow sheet (quantities) from raw material to products to be provided.

ix) Hazard identification and details of The same is covered in rapid risk proposed safety systems. assessment report and attached in Annexure-XI.

x) Expansion/modernization proposals: Copies of all compliance of previous a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) environmental clearances are attached in

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page ii of ix

including Amendments thereto obtained for Annexure I. the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing I existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report.

b. In case the existing project has not obtained Not Applicable environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/ No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4. Site Details i) Location of the project site covering Location of the project site is given in village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, section 1.3.2 of Chapter 1. Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii) A toposheet of the study area of radius Location on map has been provided in of 10km and site location on figure 1.2 of Chapter-1. 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii) Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection No alternative site has been selected. of site iv) Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners Coordinates of project site is located at of the site. latitude 26 37’ 30” N and longitude of 93 43’ 30” E Longitude v) Google map-Earth downloaded of the Google Earth⁰ image is given in Chapter 1.⁰ project site. vi) Layout maps indicating existing unit as Layout plan is provided in Annexure-VII. well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii) Photographs of the proposed and Provided in EIA report. existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii) Landuse break-up of total land of the Provided in Section 1.3.2 in Chapter-1.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page iii of ix

project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area).

ix) A list of major industries with name and Provided in Annexure-VIII. type within study area (10 km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area.

x) Geological features and Geo- Provided in Annexure-VIII. hydrological status of the study area shall be included. xi) Details of Drainage of the project upto Provided in Annexure-VIII. 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects). xii) Status of acquisition of land. If Not Applicable. acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land.

xiii) R&R details in respect of land in line with Not Applicable. state Government policy

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page iv of ix

5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): Not Applicable

i) Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii) Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii) Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv) The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon. v) Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.

6. Environmental Status i) Determination of atmospheric inversion Site specific meteorological data is given level at the project site and site-specific in section 3.2.1 of Chapter 3. micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii) AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 It is given in section 3.2.4 of Chapter 3. locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii) Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 It is given in section 3.2 of Chapter 3. weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page v of ix

2009 along with – min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv) Surface water quality of nearby River It is given in section 3.4.2 of Chapter 3. (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/ MoEFCC guidelines. v) Whether the site falls near to polluted Not Applicable stretch of river identified by the CPCB/ MoEFCC, if yes give details. vi) Ground water monitoring at minimum at It is given in section 3.4.2 of Chapter 3. 8 locations shall be included. vii) Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations It is given in section 3.3 of Chapter 3. within the study area. viii) Soil Characteristic as per CPCB It is given in section 3.5 of Chapter 3. guidelines. ix) Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, It is given in section 3.3 of Chapter 3. frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x) Detailed description of flora and fauna It is given in section 3.6 of Chapter 3. (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi) Socio-economic status of the study area. It is given in section 3.7 of Chapter 3.

7. Impact and Environment Management Plan i) Assessment of ground level AQIP Modeling is given in section 4.3.2 of concentration of pollutants from the stack Chapter 4. emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the Provided in Chapter-4. AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page vi of ix

ii) Water Quality modelling – in case of Not Applicable discharge in water body

iii) Impact of the transport of the raw Provided in section 4.8.2 of Chapter-4. materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv) A note on treatment of wastewater from Provided in Chapter-4. different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E (P) Rules. v) Details of stack emission and action plan Given in section 4.3.2 of chapter-4. for control of emissions to meet standards

vi) Measures for fugitive emission control Given in section 4.3.1.4 of chapter-4.

vii) Details of hazardous waste generation Provided in section 2.2.8 & Energy and their storage, utilization and conservation, and natural resource management. Copies of MOU regarding conservation plan given in Annexure-IX. utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii) Proper utilization of fly ash shall be Not applicable ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix) Action plan for the green belt Greenbelt programme is given in section development plan in 33 % area i.e. land 6.4.5 of chapter-6. with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.

x) Action plan for rainwater harvesting Cost has been considered in EMP. measures at plant site shall be submitted Rainwater harvesting measures will be to harvest rainwater from the roof tops provided during Detailed engg. stage and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page vii of ix

various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources.

xi) Total capital cost and recurring Given in section 6.8 of chapter-6. cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included.

xii) Action plan for post-project Various environmental pollution control environmental monitoring shall be measures will be taken by NRL. All submitted. environmental parameters i.e. air, water, soil, noise and emission will monitored by third party agency. Environmental monitoring programme has been provided in Chapter-5.

xiii) Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Provided in Chapter-7. Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8. Occupational health i) Plan and fund allocation to ensure the Periodic compulsory medical examination occupational health & safety of all for all the plant employees as per OSHA contract and casual workers requirement and specific medical ii) Details of exposure specific health status examination. evaluation of worker. If the workers’ health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre- placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. iii) Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iv) Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, v) Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety.

9. Corporate Environment Policy

i) Does the company have a well laid down A well laid Safety, Health, Environment

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page viii of ix

Environment Policy approved by its and Quality policy of NRL is already in Board of Directors? If so, it may be place. The same is given in Chapter 6. detailed in the EIA report.

ii) Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv) Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report.

10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as Infrastructure facilities to labourers will be sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to provided by contractors. the labor force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)

i) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the Already various CSR activities are carried project cost) shall be earmarked towards out by M/s NRL around Refinery. The the Enterprise Social Commitment based same will be continued further. Budget on Public Hearing issues and item-wise will be allocated as per latest CER details along with time bound action plan circular of MoEFCC. The same has been shall be included. Socio-economic provided in chapter-6 & CSR activities of development activities need to be last 3 years given in Annexure-X. elaborated upon. 12. Any litigation pending against the project and/or There is no litigation pending against the any direction/order passed by any Court of Law project proponent. against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13. A tabular chart with index for point wise Noted. compliance of above TORs. Specific TOR 1. Complete process flow diagram describing each Provided in figure 2.1 of Chapter-2. unit, its capacity along-with material and energy balance.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-1742-EI-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page ix of ix

2. Details of intermediate product, their storages Provided in Section 2.2.4 in Chapter-2. and final products to be manufactured. 3. Sulphur balance giving input from crude, Provided in Section 2.2.5 in Chapter-2. refinery fuel (if used) and any other outside fuel and output in various products and emissions. 4. A detail of proposed source-specific pollution Provided in Chapter-4, 5 and 6. The controls schemes and equipment to meet the proposed project will meet all the refinery national standards for petroleum refinery. specific standards and detailed pollution control measures will be formulated during detailed engg. stage. 5. Details of emissions from all the stacks including Provided in table 4.6 of Chapter-2. volumetric flow rate. 6. Details on availability of raw materials (crude oil, Raw materials: natural gas, chemicals, etc.), its source and Provided in Section 2.2.2 in Chapter-2. storage at the plant. 7. Details on mode of transportation of crude and Provided in Section 2.2.2 in Chapter-2. products. 8. Details of storage capacity of crude and Provided in Section 2.2.4 in Chapter-2. products. 9. Ambient air quality data should include AAQ provided in Section 3.1 of chapter-3. hydrocarbon ( methane and non-methane), VOC, Ni & V etc. 10. Efforts to minimize water consumption, effluent ETP treated effluent shall be treated in a discharge and to maintain quality of receiving RO based recycle plant. The recycled water body. effluent shall used as DM water and Cooling tower make up. 11. Details of effluent at men plant, inlet and treated Details of ETP has been provided in water quality with specific efficiency of each section 2.2.8 in chapter-2. treatment unit in reduction in respect of all con corned/ regulated environmental parameters. Also, include treatment details such as primary (physico-chemical), secondary (biological) and tertiary (activated carbon filters) treatment systems. 12. Storm water management plan. Proper storm water management shall be provided in NRL and shall be developed during detailed engg. Stage. 13. Estimation SO2 and NOx emissions load. Total SO2 emission limit for Post NREP is 586 kg/hr (14.06 TPD) and details are given in chapter-2 & 4. 14. Details on flaring system. Provided in Section 2.2.3 in Chapter-2. 15. Details of VOC recovery devices in the storage Provided in Section 2.2.6 in Chapter-2. tanks. 16. Arrangement for spill management. Not Applicable 17. Oily sludge management plan. Provided in Section 2.2.8 in Chapter-2. 19. Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Provided in Rapid Risk Analysis report i. Identification of hazards (Annexure-XI). ii. Consequence Analysis iii. Risk assessment should also include leakages and location near to refinery & proposed measures for risk reduction. iv. Arrangement for fire protection and control.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY CAPACITY Document No. EXPANSION FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF M/S B238-EI-1742-19101 NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM

CONTENTS OF EIA REPORT

SL. NO. CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT 2 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT 2 1.2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT 3 1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPANSION PROJECT 4 1.3.1 NATURE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT 4 1.3.2 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 4 1.3.3 IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT 7 1.4 COST OF PROJECT AND TIME OF COMPLETION 7 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 8 1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 8 1.6.1 CONTENTS OF THE REPORT 9 1.7 MoEFCC APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 10 CHAPTER – 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0 INTRODUCTION 12 2.1 NRL REFINERY – AN OVERVIEW 12 2.2 PROPOSED NUMALIGARH REFINERY EXPANSION PROJECT (NREP) 13 2.2.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 14 2.2.2 RAW MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR NREP 32 2.2.3 UTILITIES CONSUMPTION FOR NREP 37 2.2.4 DETAILS OF OFF-SITE FACILITIES FOR NREP 40 2.2.5 SULPHUR BALANCE 41 2.2.6 VAPOR RECOVERY FACILITY-VOC HANDLING UNIT 42 2.2.7 WATER BALANCE 44 2.2.8 ENVIRONMENT MITIGATION MEASURES 46 2.2.9 PROJECT LOCATION FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION 56 CHAPTER – 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT & INTRODUCTION 59 3.1 LAND USE & LAND COVER 59 3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT 60 3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 71 3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 76 3.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 86 3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 90 3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 105 CHAPTER – 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 119 4.1 METHODOLOGY 119 4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 122 4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 124 4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 133 4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 137 4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 139 Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY CAPACITY Document No. EXPANSION FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF M/S B238-EI-1742-1901 NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 141 4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 142 4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS 146 CHAPTER – 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 5.0 INTRODUCTION 148 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE 148 5.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING 149 5.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 149 5.4 OPERATION PHASE 152 CHAPTER – 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 158 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE 158 6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 163 6.4 OPERATION PHASE 168 6.5 EXISTING WASTE MANAGEMENT IN REFINERY 179 6.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 180 6.7 ENVIRONMENT CELL 181 6.8 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 181 MEASURES 6.9 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ACTIVITIES OF NRL 182 6.10 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER) 185 CHAPTER – 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 187 7.1 OFFSITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN 187 7.2 ONSITE EMERGENCY PLAN 195 7.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF THE CONTRACT AND SUB-CONTRACT 202 WORKERS 7.4 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY 203 CHAPTER – 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.0 INTRODUCTION 215 8.1 METHODOLOGY OF IDENTIFYING SCHEMES 215 8.2 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY 215 8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 215 CHAPTER – 9 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES 9.1 EXISTING REFINERY 217 9.2 SITE SELECTION 217 CHAPTER – 10 ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 219 10.1 PROJECT COSTS 219 10.2 MONITORING AND REPORTING COSTS 219 10.3 NON-QUANTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 219 CHAPTER – 11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 11.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 221 11.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 221 11.2 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 224

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY CAPACITY Document No. EXPANSION FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF M/S B238-EI-1742-1901 NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM

11.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 232 11.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 234 11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 237 11.6 PROJECT BENEFITS 243 11.7 RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY 244 11.8 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY (CER) 254 CHAPTER – 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 12.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 256 12.2 ESTABLISHMENT 256 12.3 EIL’S VISION 256 12.4 EIL’S MISSION 257 12.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL 257 12.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL 257 12.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL 257 12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL 257 12.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL 258

LIST OF TABLES

S. TABLE PAGE TABLE TITLE NO. NO. NO. 1. 1.1 DETAILS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 4 2. 2.1 EXISTING UNIT CAPACITIES OF NUMALIGARH REFINERY 12 LIMITED 3. 2.2 DESIGN PRODUCT SLATE OF EXISTING REFINERY 13 4. 2.3 PROPOSED UNIT CAPACITIES IN THE ADDITIONAL 6.0 MMTPA 15 5. 2.4 LIST OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN REFINERY OPERATION 33 6. 2.5 PRODUCT SLATE OF NRL (EXISTING & PROPOSED) 33 7. 2.6 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION OF NRL 34 8. 2.7 PROPOSED UTILITY SYSTEMS OF ADDITIONAL TRAIN OF NRL 37 9. 2.8 PROPOSED OFF-SITE FACILITIES IN NRL EXPANSION 40 10. 2.9 SULPHUR BALANCE FOR 6.0 MMTPA 41 11. 2.10 CONSUMPTION AND CONFIGURATION OF RAW WATER 44 SYSTEM 12. 2.11 QUALITY OF LIQUID EFFLUENTS COMING TO THE ETP 48 13. 2.12 ESTIMATED FLOW RATES OF VARIOUS EFFLUENTS COMING 51 INTO THE ETP BATTERY LIMITS 14. 2.13 QUALITY OF OILY EFFLUENT 51 15. 2.14 QUALITY OF SPENT CAUSTIC STREAM 52 16. 2.15 QUALITY OF THE SANITARY EFFLUENT 52 17. 2.16 QUALITY OF TREATED EFFLUENT STIPULATED BY MOEFCC 53 18. 2.17 NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT FOR CATEGORY A 54 19. 2.18 SPENT CATALYST GENERATION/DISPOSAL METHODS 55 20. 2.19 FACILITIES TO BE DISMANTLED/RELOCATED FOR 57 PROPOSED FACILITIES 21. 3.1 SUMMARISED PRIMARY METEOROLOGICAL DATA 61 22. 3.2 MONTHLY MEAN VALUES OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA 62 23. 3.3 LIST OF MONITORING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA 64 24. 3.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY – METHODOLOGY 65 25. 3.5 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 65 26. 3.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (PM 10) 66 27. 3.7 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (PM 2.5) 66

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY CAPACITY Document No. EXPANSION FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF M/S B238-EI-1742-1901 NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM

S. TABLE PAGE TABLE TITLE NO. NO. NO. 28. 3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (SO2) 67 29. 3.9 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (NO2) 68 30. 3.10 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (CO) 69 31. 3.11 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (NH3) 70 32. 3.12 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS (O3) 71 33. 3.13 LIST OF MONITORING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA 73 34. 3.14 NOISE LIMITS 74 35. 3.15 24 HOURLY NOISE DATA (DAY AND NIGHT TIMINGS IN Leq db 74 (A)) 36. 3.16 LIST OF MONITORING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA 75 37. 3.17 TRAFFIC DATA 75 (TWICE IN A MONTH DURING 3 MONTHS STUDY PERIOD) 38. 3.18 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA 76 39. 3.19 METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF WATER SAMPLES 77 40. 3.20 LIST OF MONITORING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA 79 41. 3.21 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR SURFACE WATERS 80 42. 3.22 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF 81 GROUND WATER 43. 3.23 WATER QUALITY - PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF 84 SURFACE WATER 44. 3.24 LIST OF MONITORING LOCATIONS IN STUDY AREA 88 45. 3.25 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SOIL 89 46. 3.26 STANDARDS: CONCENTRATION OF SOIL 90 47. 3.27 LIST OF PLANT SPECIES 91 48. 3.28 LIST OF BIRDS IN AND AROUND THE STUDY AREA 101 49. 3.29 FAMILY WISE DISTRIBUTION OF BIRDS 104 50. 3.30 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISTRICTS 106 51. 3.31 POPULATION COMPOSITION 107 52. 3.32 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE 110 53. 3.33 LITERACY LEVELS 113 54. 4.1 MATRIX FOR EVALUATING SPATIAL CRITERIA 120 55. 4.2 MATRIX FOR EVALUATING TEMPORAL CRITERIA 121 56. 4.3 MATRIX FOR EVALUATING SIGNIFICANCE 121 57. 4.4 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION MATRIX 123 58. 4.5 IMPACT OF AIR EMISSIONS (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 124 59. 4.6 STACK WISE NOX AND SO2 EMISSION OF PROPOSED UNITS 127 IN NRL 60. 4.7 PREDICTED VALUES OF GLC FOR SO2 128 61. 4.8 PREDICTED VALUES OF GLC FOR NO2 130 62. 4.9 IMPACT OF AIR EMISSIONS (OPERATION PHASE) 133 63. 4.10 IMPACT OF WATER CONSUMPTION (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 134 64. 4.11 IMPACT OF EFFLUENT GENERATION (CONSTRUCTION 134 PHASE) 65. 4.12 IMPACT OF WATER CONSUMPTION (OPERATION PHASE) 135 66. 4.13 IMPACT OF EFFLUENT GENERATION (OPERATION PHASE) 136 67. 4.14 SOUND PRESSURE (NOISE) LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION 137 MACHINERY 68. 4.15 IMPACT ON AMBIANT NOISE (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 137 69. 4.16 IMPACT ON AMBIENT NOISE (OPERATION PHASE) 138 70. 4.17 IMPACT ON LAND USE & TOPOGRAPHY (CONSTRUCTION 139 PHASE)

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S. TABLE PAGE TABLE TITLE NO. NO. NO. 71. 4.18 IMPACT ON SOIL QUALITY (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 139 72. 4.19 IMPACT ON SOIL QUALITY (OPERATION PHASE) 140 73. 4.20 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION 141 PHASE) 74. 4.21 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION 141 PHASE) 75. 4.22 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 143 (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 76. 4.23 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION 145 PHASE) 77. 4.24 SUMMARY OF IMPACT EVALUATION IN TERMS OF 146 SIGNIFICANCE VALUE 78. 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME – 150 CONSTRUCTION PHASE (4 YEARS) 79. 5.2 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING 151 PROJECT CONSTRUCTION STAGE 80. 5.3 NOISE LEVEL TO BE MONITORED 153 81. 5.4 AMBIENT AIR TO BE MONITORED 154 82. 5.5 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING 155 OPERATIONAL PHASE 83. 6.1 INDIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION/RULES 158 84. 6.2 ELEMENTS OF HSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DURING EPC 164 PHASE 85. 6.3 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL 167 MANAGEMENT PLAN (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 86. 6.4 LIST OF TREE SPECIES SUGGESTED FOR GREEN BELT 171 DEVELOPMENT 87. 6.5 BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (CAPITAL 181 COST) 88. 6.6 BUDGET OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 182 (RECURRING COST PER ANNUM) 89. 11.1 PRODUCT SLATE IN THE EXISTING AS WELL AS PROPOSED 223 REFINERY 90. 11.2 SUMMARY OF AIR MONITORING DATA ANALYSIS 225 91. 11.3 SUMMARY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL DATA COLLECTED FOR 226 GROUND WATER ENVIRONMENT 92. 11.4 SUMMARY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL DATA COLLECTED FOR 228 SURFACE WATER ENVIRONMENT 93. 11.5 DESCRIPTION OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS AND 230 MEASURED VALUES 94. 11.6 MEASURED VALUES OF SOIL PARAMETERS 231 95. 11.7 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 234 DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 96. 11.8 PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 236 DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE 97. 11.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL 238 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR POST EXPANSION PHASE OF NRL REFINERY DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 98. 11.10 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL 239 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR POST EXPANSION PHASE OF NRL REFINERY DURING OPERATION PHASE

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LIST OF FIGURES

S. FIGURE FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO. NO. NO. 1. 1.1 LOCATION MAP OF NRL 6 2. 1.2 LOCATION MAP AROUND NRL WITHIN 10 KM AREA 7 3. 2.1 BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM OF EXPANSION REFINERY 14 4. 2.2 OVERALL WATER BALANCE IN POST-NREP 45 SCENARIO 5. 3.1 LAND USE LAND COVER MAP WITHIN 10 KM 60 RADIUS OF NRL 6. 3.2 PRIMARY DATA-WIND ROSE 61 7. 3.3 MONTH WISE TEMPERATURE (OC) 62 8. 3.4 MONTH WISE HUMIDITY (%) 63 9. 3.5 MAP SHOWING AIR MONITORING LOCATIONS IN 64 STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS 10. 3.6 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF PM10 & PM2.5 67 11. 3.7 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF SO2 & NO2 68 12. 3.8 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CO 69 13. 3.9 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF AMMONIA 70 14. 3.10 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF OZONE 71 15. 3.11 MAP SHOWING NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS IN 72 STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS 16. 3.12 MAP SHOWING TRAFFIC LOCATIONS 75 17. 3.13 MAP SHOWING GROUND AND SUB-SURFACE 79 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS 18. 3.14 MAP SHOWING SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN 88 STUDY AREA OF 10 KM RADIUS 19. 3.15 AGRICULTURAL FIELD 99 20. 3.16 MOIST DECIDUOUS FOREST 100 21. 3.17 PINEAPPLE CULTIVATION IN SLOPE AREAS 100 22. 3.18 ORANGE CULTIVATION IN SLOPE AREAS OF HILLS 100 23. 3.19 POPULATIONS OF GOLAGHAT & SIVASAGAR 106 DISTRICTS 24. 3.20 POPULATION COMPOSITION 109 25. 3.21 OCCUPATIONAL STATUS 112 26. 3.22 LITERACY LEVELS 115 27. 4.1 PREDICTED GLC FOR 24 HOURS MAXIMUM 129 CONCENTRATION VALUES OF SO2 DUE TO EMISSION FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT 28. 4.2 PREDICTED GLC FOR 24 HOURS MAXIMUM 131 CONCENTRATION VALUES OF NOX DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT. 29. 5.1 HSE ORGANOGRAM OF NRL 149 30. 6.1 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (HSE) 165 POLICY OF NRL 31. 7.1 ORGANOGRAM FOR ONSITE EMERGENCY 190 PREPAREDNESS PLAN OF NRL 32. 7.2 ORGANOGRAM FOR SUPPORT/MEDICAL SERVICES 192 33. 7.3 ORGANOGRAM FOR ADVISORY & CHIEF 200 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR 34. 12.1 EIL ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE BY NABET 259

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LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure Annexure Title No. I. PREVIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE’S FOR M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED II. EC COMPLIANCE STATUS REPORT III. CONSENT TO OPERATE (CTO) IV. RO, MOEFCC LETTER V. APPROVED TOR VI. WATER ALLOCATION LETTER FROM DHANSIRI RIVER BY IRRIGATION DEPT., ASSAM VII. OVERALL PLOT PLAN OF REFINERY VIII. LAND USE AND LAND COVER THEMATIC MAPS IX. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION MEASURES AT NUMALIGARH REFINERY LTD. X. DETAILS OF CSR EXPENDITURES (LAST 3 YEARS) XI. RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT REPORT

XII. BRIEF NOTE OF OILY SLUDGE WASTE MANAGEMENT OF NUMALIGARH REFINERY XIII. DETAILED WRITE-UP ON EXISTING ETP

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATIONS AAQ Ambient air quality APHA American Public Health Association ATF Aviation Turbine Fuel AWS Automated Weather Station BDL Below Detection Level BDL Below Detectable Limit BDT Bina Dispatch Terminal BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BOD Biological Oxygen Demand NRL Numaligarh Refineries Limited BPCL Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited NREP Numaligarh Refinery Expansion Project CBD Close – Blow down CCR Continuous Catalytic Reformer CIC Chief Incident Controller CMD Chairman and Managing Director CO Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COT Crude Oil Storage Terminal CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPP Captive Power Plant CRW Contaminated Rain Water CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DCU Delayed Coker Unit DG Diesel Generator DHDT Diesel Hydrotreating Unit DHT Diesel Hydrotreater DO Dissolved Oxygen EC Environment Clearance EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIL Engineers India Limited EMC Environmental Monitoring Cell EMP Environmental Management Plan EMP Environmental Monitoring Programme ENT Ear, Nose and Throat Engineering, Procurement and EPC Construction Emergency Recovery and Disaster ERDMP Management Plan ETP Effluent Treatment Plant FCC False Colour Composite FCHCU Full conversion Hydrocracker unit

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ABBREVIATIONS GLC Ground Level Concentration GoI Government of India GW Ground Water HAZAN Hazard Analysis HAZOP Hazard and Operability Study HC Hydro-carbon HCGO Heavy Coker Gas Oil HGO Heavy Gas Oil HGU Hydrogen Generation Unit HMV Heavy Motor Vehicle HSD High Speed Diesel HSE Health, Safety and Environment IMD Indian Metereological Data IRS Institute of Remote Sensing IS Indian Standards ISCST Industrial Source Complex Short Term International Organization for ISO Standardization ISOM Isomerization Unit IWPA Indian Wildlife Protection Act KLD Kiloleter Per Day LEL Lower Explosive Limit LGO Light Gas Oil LISS Linear Imaging Self Scanner LMV Light Motor Vehicle LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas LVGO Light Vacuum Gas Oil MBR Membrane Bio Reactor MGD Million Gallon Daily MINAS Minimal National Standards MMTPA Million Metric Tonne Per Annum MoEF Ministry of Environment & Forests MS Motor Spirit NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards National Accrediation Board for NABET Education and Training NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NHT Naphtha Hydrotreating Unit

NOX Oxides of Nitrogen NSU Naphtha Splitter Unit OCC Oman Oil Company Occupational Safety and Health OSHA Association PACE Pratham Arora Centre of Education PCU Passanger Car Unit

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ABBREVIATIONS PFR Pre-Feasibility report PM Particulate Matter PMC Project Management Consultant PPM Parts Per Million PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption PCB Pollution Control Board QCI Quality Council of India RA Risk Assessment RCO Reduced Crude Oil RH Relative Humidity RO Reverse Osmosis RSM Refinery Shift Manager SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio SBR Sequential Batch Reactor SFO Shift Fire Officer SIA Socioeconomic Impact Assessment SIA Social Impact Assessment SIC Site Incident Controller SOI Survey of India

SOx Sulphur dioxide SPCB State Pollution Control Board SRU Sulfur Recovery Unit SWS Sour Water Stripper TDS Total Dissolved Solids TGTU Tail Gas Treating Unit TOR Terms of Reference TPD Tons Per Day TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon TSDF Treatment, storage and disposal facility TSS Total Suspended Solids USEPA US Environmental Protection Agnecy VDU Vacuum Distillation Unit VES Visual Encounter Survey VOC Volatile Organic Compound WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant

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CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL), a company promoted by Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), Govt. of Assam and Oil India Limited (OIL) having the shareholding pattern 61.65%, 12.35% and 26.00% respectively, operating a 3 MMTPA grass root oil refinery located at Numaligarh, District Golaghat, Assam, India. The overall refinery configuration at NRL consists of Crude and Vacuum Distillation Unit; Full conversion Hydrocracker unit; Delayed Coker unit; MS block comprising Naphtha Hydro- treating unit, Semi-Regenerative Reformer and Iso-merization unit; and other associated facilities such as Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU), Sulfur Recovery Unit, Sour Water Stripper (SWS) etc. The refinery is producing motor spirit (MS) and high speed diesel (HSD) primarily conforming to EURO III/IV specifications by processing of indigenous Assam Mix crude extracted from the upper Assam oil fields by OIL.

In view of the projected demand growth of petroleum products in the country and also to retain its profitability and competitiveness in the long run, NRL intends to install a parallel new train for imported sour crude processing capacity of 6.0 MMTPA. The various units coming under 6.0 MMTPA refinery are crude distillation unit (CDU) and vacuum distillation units (VDU), Naphtha splitter (NSU) and hydro treating unit (NHT), hydro cracker unit (HCU), delayed coker unit (DCU), hydrogen generation unit (HGU), diesel hydro treating unit (DHTU), solvent de-asphalting unit (SDU), sulphur recovery unit (SRU), sour water stripper unit (SWS), Amine regeneration unit (ARU), Fuel gas sweetening unit (FGSU), Naphtha iso-merization unit, Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Reforming unit (CCR), bitumen blowing unit (BBU), slurry hydrocracker unit and LPG treating unit. This 6.0 MMTPA refinery will produce MS and HSD conforming to BS VI specifications by processing of imported sour crude.

As per the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), New Delhi, any new project or modernization or expansion project need to have an Environmental Clearance from MoEFCC. In accordance with this, NRL decided to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study.

M/s NRL has entrusted M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for various environmental components of the proposed expansion project. EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India in Category A – “Petroleum Refining Industry”; Sector 10 as per NABET scheme & Category 4 (a) (MoEFCC).

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL), a company promoted by Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL), Govt. of Assam and Oil India Limited (OIL) has commissioned a 3.0 MMTPA Oil Refinery located at Numaligarh, Assam, India. NRL intends to expand its refining capacity from 3.0 to 9.0 MMTPA by installing a new train of 6.0 MMTPA capacities. This new train will be designed and dedicated to refine imported Arabian sour crude and all the new facilities will be provided to this 6.0 MMTPA refinery. As per the Plant layout prepared during the preparation of Techno-Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) for NRL expansion, it is observed that no additional land is needed for installation of the new 6.0 MMTPA refinery and can be executed within the plant boundary limits with some demolition works.

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Details of EC’s obtained so far,

S. Project Name MoEF&CC File No. EC issued Date No. 1. Petroleum Refinery at Numaligarh J-11011/16/78-IA. II May 31,1991 2. BS-III Motor Spirit Project at NRL J-11011/92/2003-IA II (I) February 13, 2004 3. Coke-Calcination Unit (0.1 MTPA) J-11011/203/2003-IA II (I) March 22, 2004 Diesel Quality Up-gradation Project 4. J-11011/272/2008-IA- II (I) November 10, 2008 (DQUP) at NRL Paraffin Wax Type (43,000 TPA) & Semi-Microcrystalline Wax Type A 5. (4,500 TPA) within the existing J-11011/113/2009-IA- II (I) September 5, 2012 premises of 3 MMTPA Petroleum refinery at NRL Naptha Splitter Unit (160,000 TPA) 6. J-11011/534/2009-IA- II (I) September 12, 2012 in the existing Refinery at NRL Installation of new LPG mounded bullet & up-gradation of existing 7. J-11011/150/2015-IA- II (I) December 9, 2016 LPG bottling plant and BS-IV HSD project at NRL

• Above all Environmental Clearance’s for M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED are attached as Annexure-I. • EC Compliance Status Report for these projects is enclosed in Annexure-II. Also the copy of Consent to Operate (CTO) from Pollution Control Board, Assam is attached as Annexure-III. • Regional Office, MoEFCC, Shillong certified Monitoring letter is attached in Annexure- IV.

1.2.1 PROJECT PROPONENT

1.2.1.1 Address of the Project Proponent

The address for the correspondence is:

Mr. Alok Nayan Nath, Chief Manager (Technical Services), Numaligarh Refinery Limited, NRL Complex, Numaligarh, Dist: Golaghat, Assam, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 03776-265529, Fax: 03776-265578 Website: www.nrl.co.in

1.2.1.2 Particulars of EIA Consultant

The EIA consultant is Engineers India Limited (EIL). The complete address for correspondence is given below:

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 4 of 259

Head, Environment Division , Engineers India Limited Research & Development Complex, Sector-16, On NH-8 Gurgaon – 122001, Haryana Email: [email protected].

Tel: 0124-4794303 Fax: 0124-2391413 Website: www.engineersindia.com

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPANSION PROJECT

1.3.1 Nature and size of the project

NRL intends to increase crude oil processing capacity from 3.0 MMTPA to 9.0 MMTPA through installing a parallel refinery of 6.0 MMTPA. The parallel refinery is having all the new facilities dedicated to the 6.0 MMTPA refinery and all the necessary steps will be taken improve the plant environment in view of air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere.

1.3.2 Location of the project

Numaligarh Refinery is spread over 750 acre which corresponds to ~ 303 Ha. located at Numaligarh, Golaghat District of Assam in the NE direction. Of all the total area, the new 6.0 MMTPA train will occupy 88.4 Ha. The details of environmental setting is given in Table 1.1 and the location & study area map of NRL surrounding 10 km radius are given in Figure 1.1 & Figure 1.2, respectively. Greenbelt area is 60 Ha.

Table 1.1 Details of Environmental Setting

Sl. No. Particulars Details 1 Plant location Numaligarh Village, Golaghat district, Assam 2 Plant site co-ordinates Longitude 93 43’ 30” E & Latitude 26 37’ 30” N ⁰ 3 Climatic condition at site (Average) ⁰ a) Temperature Maximum 18 – 37 C (Summer) Minimum 07 – 24 C (Winter) ⁰ b) Relative humidity 34 - 90 ⁰ c) Average annual rainfall 1898 mm d) Predominant wind direction NE to SW 4 Climatic condition at site a) Temperature Max: 37 C, Min: 7 C b) Relative humidity Max: 99%, Min: 26% ⁰ ⁰ 5 Plant site elevation above MSL 90 above MSL 6 Plant site topography Site with different terrain levels

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Sl. No. Particulars Details

7 Present land use at site Industrial

8 Nearest Highway NH 39 9 Nearest railway station Furkating Jn, 35 km from NRL 10 Nearest airport The nearest airport is Jorhat, 70 km away from NRL site 11 Nearest major water bodies River Dhansiri 12 Nearest city/ town Golaghat and Jorhat 13 Archaeological important places Deopahar – It is a protected Archaeological Park and site - museum under the Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Assam, India. (within 10-KM radius)

14 Protected areas as per Wildlife None in 10 Km radius as per Wildlife Protection Act 1972 Protection Act 1972 15 Seismicity Seismic Zone–V (BIS-1893, Part-II: 2002)

16 Defense installation None in 10 Km radius

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 6 of 259

Figure. 1.1: Location Map of NRL

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Figure. 1.2: Location Map around NRL within 10 km Area

1.3.3 IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT The refinery is situated in a petroleum product demand deficit zone; majority of the incremental products will be consumed within Central India thus supporting economic development of the region. This project will also help NRL to bring in additional investment to the region.

The refinery project will maximize the production of Eco-Friendly products, i.e., BS VI MS/Diesel and shall prepare the refinery to meet BS VI fuel demands in future.

1.4 COST OF PROJECT AND TIME OF COMPLETION

The completion period (Mechanical completion) of the proposed project is 48 months from the zero date (receipt of EC).

The estimated capital cost for the Expansion project is Rs. 22,594.00 Crores.

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1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers core area of 10 km radius circle with the Proposed Capacity Expansion Project site boundary. The scope of study broadly includes:

• To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area; • To establish the baseline environmental status of the study area by using one season baseline environmental data; • To identify various existing pollution loads due to various activities in the ambient levels; • To predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the proposed NRL expansion activities; • To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies; • To prepare a Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP); • To prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality; and • To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored.

The literature review includes identification of relevant articles from various publications, collection of data from various government agencies and other sources.

1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT

The proposed refinery expansion project would naturally have implications on the neighborhood with reference to socio-economic aspects of society, environmental attributes such as land, water, air, aesthetics, noise, flora and fauna. In assessing the environmental impact, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data is of prime importance. Environmental Impact analysis and assessment which is required for every industrial project should preferably be carried out at the planning stage itself.

The matrix method which gives cause-effect relationship between an activity and environmental parameter has been adopted in preparing this report. The basic objective of identification of impacts is to aid the proponents of the project to rationalize the procedure for an effective environment management plan, leading to an improvement in environmental quality as a result of the location of the proposed project. This has been attempted by the following procedures:

• Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes; • Identification of impacts; • Impact assessment through modeling; • Evaluation of impacts leading to preparation of environmental management plan; • Outlining post project monitoring methodology.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 9 of 259

1.6.1 CONTENTS OF THE REPORT The report has been divided into ten chapters and presented as follows:

Chapter-1.0: Introduction

This chapter provides background information of the existing and the expansion project, brief description and objectives of the project, description of the area, scope, methodology and organization of the study.

Chapter-2.0: Project Description

This chapter presents the background information on the existing and post expansion activities, process being adopted, sources of pollution and control thereof.

Chapter-3.0: Description of the Environment

This chapter presents the methodology and findings of field studies undertaken to establish the baseline conditions.

Chapter-4.0: Anticipated Environment Impacts and mitigation measures

This chapter details the inferences drawn from the environmental impact assessment of “The project” during construction and operational phase. It describes the overall impacts of the proposed project and underscores the areas of concern which need mitigation measures.

Chapter-5.0: Environment Monitoring Program

This chapter provides technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. Measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules)

Chapter-6.0: Environment Management Plan (EMP)

This chapter provides recommendations for Environment Management Plan (EMP) including mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project. Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigate measures during construction as well as during operation of the project along with required institutional arrangements for their implementation. Budgetary cost estimates for mitigation measures are also brought out.

Chapter-7.0: Additional Studies

This chapter covers Public Hearing, risk involved in the proposed facilities, storages and utilities and Occupational Health and Safety.

Chapter-8.0: Project Benefits

This chapter presents the details of Local area development programmes that are being undertaken in nearby villages at NRL.

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Chapter-9.0: Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)

This chapter provides Alternative analysis of site & evaluation of the different choices available to achieve a particular project management objective. It is an analytical comparison of different factors like operational cost, risks, effectiveness as well as the shortfalls in an operational capability.

Chapter-10.0: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

This chapter presents the details of Environmental Cost Benefit analysis; if recommended at the scoping stage.

Chapter-11.0: Summary & Conclusion

This will constitute the summary of EIA Report.

Chapter-12.0: Disclosure of Consultants

This chapter contains the list of various experts engaged in preparing the EIA report along with brief introduction of the consultancy.

1.7 MoEFCC APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA

The Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry) for appraisal of Industrial Projects-2 considered the NRL proposal for approval of TOR for EIA study for the proposed expansion of NRL.

Based on the review of the documents submitted by the NRL, the MoEFCC accorded Standard Terms of Reference (STOR) vide letter No. J-11011/274/2015-IA II (I) dated: 21st June, 2018 for incorporating the same in the EIA report.

The approved TOR is attached as Annexure-V.

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CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter highlights the features of existing and proposed refinery expansion of Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) plant with respect to refinery configuration, raw material requirement, utilities and services, infrastructural facilities and sources of waste generation, their quantity, treatment and safe disposal of the waste.

2.1 NRL REFINERY – AN OVERVIEW

Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL), a subsidiary of Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited is a public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. The refinery located at Golaghat District in Assam was commissioned in the year 2000 with a crude processing capacity of 3 million tonnes per annum (MMTPA) to process indigenous crude of Assam. The refinery primarily produces MS & HSD conforming to BS-IV/VI specification.

NRL intends to install a parallel new refinery of crude processing capacity of 6 MMTPA to expand its capacity from present 3 MMTPA to 9 MMTPA. The project is integrated with a new crude oil pipeline from Paradip (Odisha) to Numaligarh (Assam) and a product pipeline from Numaligarh to Siliguri where NRL has its own Marketing Terminal for distribution of product. The crude oil for the new refinery train will be high sulphur crude.

The project has been named as Numaligarh Refinery Expansion Project (NREP). The configuration of new train is selected to produce petrochemical feedstock in future. MS & HSD produced from the new train shall meet the BS-VI specification. The list of existing units along with current capacity & respective licensor is as per Table 2.1 below:

Table 2.1: Existing unit capacities of Numaligarh Refinery Limited

Design Capacity Unit (MMTPA) CDU/VDU 3.0 NHT/ NSU 0.271/0.16 CRU 0.168 ISOM 0.0555 HCU 1.45 DCU 0.306 CCU 0.115 HGU 0.0486 SRU 19.3 TPD SWS 20.3 m3/hr ARU 23.2 TPH Rich Amine FGSU 6.514 TPH New NSU 160 KTPA Wax Plant 0.05

Product Slate of the Existing Refinery

The product slate of the refinery consists of Regular Gasoline meeting Euro-III and Euro-IV specifications, ATF, kerosene, and diesel fuels meeting Euro-III and Euro-IV specifications. The Delayed Coker Unit produces petroleum coke, a solid by-product that is sold as anode grade coke. Sulphur is also a product from the Oxygen Enrichment process based Sulphur Recovery Unit. The existing product slate from the refinery is depicted in Table 2.2 below.

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Table 2.2: Design Product Slate of Existing Refinery Products Design Capacity (KTPA) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 57000 Naphtha Domestic sales 1,28,000 Petrochemical Naphtha Export 1,60,000 Regular Gasoline (Euro III) Domestic 2,07,000 Regular Gasoline (Euro IV) Domestic 48,000 ATF Domestic 60,000 Kerosene Domestic 2,10,000 Diesel, (Euro III) Domestic 13,56,000 Diesel, (Euro IV) Domestic 3,50,000 Sulfur 4,500 Coke 80,000

2.2 PROPOSED NUMALIGARH REFINERY EXPANSION PROJECT (NREP)

The present refinery is designed to refine crude oil of 3.0 MMTPA. NRL intends to install an additional crude oil refining capacity of 6.0 MMTPA in their battery limits. The following processing options have been considered for the design Case:

 Primary processing Option:

- 6.0 MMTPA of crude to CDU/VDU

 Light ends Processing options:

- Naphtha Hydro-treater/Naphtha Iso-merisation/ Naphtha Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Units (NHT/ISOM/CCR)

 Secondary Processing options:

- Diesel Hydro-treating unit (DHDT) - Petro Fluidized Catalytic Cracker (PFCC,including cracked LPG treating facility)) - FCC Gasoline Desulfurization Unit

 Residue Up-gradation options

- Residue Up-gradation Facility (RUF) comprising of Ebullated bed Resid hydrocracker with integrated VGO Hydro-treater

 Auxiliary Units - Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)

- SRU/SWS/ARU/TGTU

- Straight run LPG treating Unit (Comprising RUF and Straight run LPG treating Unit)

- Utility Boilers to meet new refinery steam demand.

- Incidental power from new STG’s and balance power required from grid.

- Intermediate & final product storage & handling facilities, as required

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2.2.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

A brief process description for each of the process units envisaged as part of the shortlisted refinery configurations are provided in this section. The following units are envisaged in the additional refinery:

1. Crude/Vacuum Distillation Unit with naphtha stabilizer. 2. Naphtha Hydro-treating Unit. 3. Isomerisation Unit. 4. Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Unit. 5. Diesel Hydro-treating Unit. 6. Petro Fluidized Catalytic Cracker. 7. FCC Gasoline Desulphurization Unit. 8. Residue up-gradation unit (With integrated VGO hydro-treater) 9. LPG Treating Unit. 10. Fuel gas treating unit. 11. Hydrogen Generation Unit. 12. Sour Water Stripper. 13. Amine Regeneration Unit. 14. Sulphur Recovery Unit (With Tail Gas Treatment Unit).

The fuels produced from this new train will meet BS-VI grade fuel norms. Figure 2.1 shows the block flow diagram of the proposed refinery of 6.0 MMTPA of crude processing. Table 2.3 gives information about the capacities of various units coming within the additional 6.0 MMTPA refinery.

Figure .2.1: Block Flow Diagram of Expansion Refinery

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Table 2.3: Proposed Unit Capacities in the additional 6.0 MMTPA

Proposed Capacity Process Units (MMTPA) Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) / 6.0 Vacuum Distillation Unit (VDU) Naphtha Hydro-treater (NHT) 1.2 Continuous Catalytic Reforminger Unit 0.75 Isomerisation Unit (ISOM) 0.5 Petro Fluidized Catalytic Cracker Unit (PFCC) 1.95 FCC Gasoline Hydro-Treater 0.58 Diesel Hydro-treater 3.55 Hydrogen Plant (KTPA) 95 Resid Up-gradation (Ebulated Bed) 2.0 Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU) (MT/Day) 2 x 230 Delayed Coker Unit (existing DCU) Revamp from 0.3 to 0.57

As integration with existing units has not been considered, none of the existing units required revamp except coker unit. Existing Coker unit shall need to be revamped from 0.3 to 0.5 MMTPA with feed integration with RUF bottoms of new refinery.

2.2.1.1 Crude/Vacuum Distillation Unit with Naphtha Stabilizer

Crude Charge and Preheat Train-I

Crude from offsite storage is received at CDU/VDU plant battery limit. The crude is subsequently heated in preheat exchangers by hot streams of CDU/VDU. Crude picks upheat in the preheat exchangers before being routed to Crude de-salter.

De-salter

A 2-stage electrostatic Crude De-salter is provided for removal of salt and water from the crude to desired level. The principle of desalting operation requires mixing of preheated wash water in a mixing valve with the crude under controlled conditions and to extract impurities.

Crude Preheat Train-II and Pre-flash

The crude from De-salter outlet is routed to the 2nd train of pre heat exchangers. Crude picks up heat from hot streams of CDU/VDU and routed to Pre-flash drum. The liquid separated in the Pre-flash drum is pumped to crude pre-heat train-III.

Crude Preheat Train-III

The pre flashed crude is heated in 3rd preheat train exchangers. Crude picks up heat from hot streams of CDU/VDU and finally routed to crude heater.

Crude Heater

The preheated crude is fed to the crude heater and equally distributed to the heater passes through pass balancer control valve. The total crude flow to the unit signal is sent to the crude throughput controller, which sends signal to the furnace flow controllers.

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Crude Distillation Column

Heated and partially vaporised crude enters crude column through feed nozzle. The column has five side draws, namely, Light Naphtha (SN), Heavy Naphtha (HN), Kerosene (Kero), Light Gas Oil (LGO) and Heavy Gas Oil (HGO).

Crude Column Overhead Circuit

The overhead system consists of a two stage condensing system with wash water circulation. Sour water separated in reflux drum is partly returned as wash water for atmospheric column overhead vapours. All the salt are dissolved in wash water and are purged out of the system through sour water purge stream to sour water stripper unit. Additionally, Filming Amine is also injected in the crude column overhead line in order to protect the overhead line.

Light/Heavy Naphtha Section

Naphtha is drawn as side product to side stripper. Stripper is provided with thermo siphon re-boiler to knock off light ends from naphtha. The CDU hot stream is used as heating medium in re-boiler. The bottom product of light/heavy naphtha stripper is pumped to naphtha product cooler. The cooled product ex-product cooler is finally routed to storage. The light hydrocarbon vapours leaving the naphtha stripper is returned to the crude column.

Kerosene Section

Kerosene product is drawn from crude column. The kero product flows to the kero stripper under stripper level control. Kero stripper is a re-boiled stripper using CDU hot stream as reboiling medium. The light hydrocarbon vapours leaving the kero stripper are returned to the crude column.

Light Gas Oil Section

LGO product and LGO CR stream is drawn as a single stream from crude column. One stream as LGO product flows to the LGO Stripper under LGO stripper level control where it is stripped using MP steam under flow control and the stripped vapours are returned back to the Crude Column.

Heavy Gas Oil Section

HGO product & HGO CR are drawn as a single stream from the Crude Column. One stream as HGO Product flows to the HGO Stripper under stripper level control where it is stripped using MP steam under flow control and stripped vapours are returned back to the Crude Column.

Reduced Crude Oil Section

Stripped RCO from the column bottom is sent to the Vacuum Heater under level control of atmospheric column bottom cascaded with the pass flow controller of Vacuum Heater. MP steam under flow control is introduced as stripping steam of the Crude column.

Crude Column Circulating Refluxes

Crude Column is provided with two Circulating Reflux streams for optimum vapour-liquid internal traffic and heat recovery.

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LGO CR

LGO CR is drawn along with LGO product and is pumped by LGO CR Pump. The heat available in LGO CR is removed in crude preheat exchangers and re-boiler.

HGO CR

HGO CR is drawn along with HGO product and is pumped by HGO CR Pump. The heat available in HGO CR is removed in crude preheat exchangers and re-boiler.

Product Rundown Section

Light/Heavy Naphtha Product Circuit

Light/heavy naphtha from light/heavy naphtha stripper bottoms are pumped by Light/Heavy naphtha Product pumps to Naphtha Air cooler followed by naphtha Trim Coolers after heat recovery in preheat train. The cold light naphtha stream is routed to gasoline pool and cooled heavy naphtha product ex-product cooler is finally routed to naphtha/diesel pool. Kero Product Circuit

Kero product from Kero Stripper bottom is pumped by Kero Product pump. After heat recovery, hot kero product is routed to DHT Unit. Kero product is further cooled in product coolers to required rundown temperature and routed to storage.

LGO Product Circuit

LGO Product from LGO Stripper is pumped by LGO product Pump. After heat recovery, hot LGO product is routed to DHT Unit. LGO product is further cooled in product coolers to required rundown temperature and routed to storage.

HGO Product Circuit

HGO Product from HGO Stripper is pumped by HGO Product Pump. After heat recovery, hot HGO product is routed to DHT Unit. HGO product is further cooled in product coolers to required rundown temperature and routed to storage.

RCO Product Circuit

Normally, Reduced Crude Oil (Crude Column residue, RCO) from Crude Column is pumped to vacuum unit without any cooling.

Naphtha Stabilizer

Naphtha Stabiliser Column

The unstabilised naphtha consisting of all the fuel gas, LPG and Naphtha components is pumped to Naphtha stabiliser column after preheating in the stabiliser feed/bottom exchanger. The overhead products are partially condensed in the Stabiliser Overhead Condenser. Fuel gas and LPG are withdrawn from the overhead circuit. Fuel gas is routed to Fuel Gas ATU and LPG is routed to LPG Treater.

Stabiliser column is a re-boiled column using CDU hot stream as re-boiling medium. Stabilised Naphtha product from Stabiliser Column bottom is pumped in Stabilised Naphtha

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PDT pumps and routed to NHT Unit. Stabilised Naphtha is further cooled in the exchanger to required rundown temperature before routing the same to the storage.

Vacuum Distillation Unit

Vacuum Heater

Hot RCO from Crude column bottom is pumped by RCO pumps to Vacuum heater. Each coil outlet of vacuum heater joins the transfer line and is routed to Vacuum distillation column. The mixed vapour & liquid stream from the heater is introduced to the Flash zone of Vacuum column.

Vacuum Distillation Column

Heated & partially vaporised RCO from Vacuum Heater enters the Vacuum Column. An open ended tangential entry device and a large empty space above flash zone ensure optimal vapour liquid separation.

Stripping section

The heavy hydrocarbons are stripped on valve trays. Subsequently the residue is quenched by the vacuum residue product (Quench) to prevent after cracking in the bottom compartment of the column. The various side streams taken out from Vacuum Column are Vacuum Diesel, LVGO, HVGO and Slop Distillate.

Overhead Circuit:

Overhead vapour from vacuum column goes to the vacuum system. The vacuum system is designed with a two stage ejector and a vacuum pump as the third stage. Sour water from Hot well is pumped by Hot well Sour water pumps. Sour water ex-Hot well flows under inter stage level-cascaded flow control for further treatment in sour water stripper unit.

Vacuum Diesel Section:

Vacuum Diesel is drawn and pumped by Vacuum Diesel Product+CR+IR Pump and is divided into 2 streams, namely, Vacuum Diesel IR, Vacuum Diesel CR+Product. Vacuum Diesel IR is returned back under flow control to the Vacuum Column. The product stream is cooled in the Vacuum Diesel Product + CR Trim Cooler. The vacuum diesel CR stream is reformed to vacuum column, whereas vacuum diesel product is sent to storage. Provision for routing hot vacuum diesel stream to DHT directly is also provided.

Gas Oil Section:

Gas oil is collected in collector tray and pumped by Gas oil IR pumps under level control along with LVGO CR through spray nozzle distributor.

Light Vacuum Gas Oil Section (LVGO):

LVGO from collector tray is pumped by LVGO Product+CR+IR Pump and is divided into 3 streams, namely, LVGO IR, LVGO CR and LVGO product. LVGO IR is returned back underflow control to the Vacuum Column LVGO CR is cooled in crude/LVGO CR Exchanger before returning back to the Vacuum Column along with Gas oil IR.

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Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil section (HVGO):

HVGO from Collector tray is pumped by HVGO Product pumps and HVGO CR+IR Pumps HVGO CR+IR streams are split into two streams namely HVGO CR & HVGO IR. HVGO IR is returned to column under flow control. HVGO product after exchanging heat with crude in crude pre heat exchangers is combined with LVGO and the combined VGO is cooled in tempered water cooler before being routed to storage. HVGO CR after exchanging heat with preheat train is returned back to column.

Wash Section (WS):

Slop from bed collector tray flows by gravity to the Slop Drum. Slop from this drum is pumped by Slop Distillate Pump and is divided into 2 streams. Vapours rising from flash zone are condensed by HVGO IR and collected as slop in collector tray. This liquid provides the required washing in this section.

Vacuum Residue Section (VR):

(Vacuum Residue + Quench) from Vacuum Column bottom is pumped by VR+Quench Pump to crude preheat train for heat recovery in Crude/VR+Quench exchangers. The VR+Quench stream is then split into two streams and one stream as VR quench is returned back to the Vacuum Column under flow control cascaded with vacuum column bottom stream temperature controller.

Product Rundown Section

Hot well vacuum slop oil:

Hot well vacuum slop oil from Hot well is pumped by Hot well Slop Oil Pumps through a coalescer and routed to distillate hydro-treater unit header. Sour water from coalescer is routed to sour water rundown line.

Vacuum diesel Product:

Vacuum Diesel from collector tray is drawn and pumped by Vacuum Diesel Product + CR +IR Pump and is divided into 2 streams namely Vacuum Diesel IR, Vacuum Diesel CR +Product. Hot Diesel stream after heat recovery is routed to DHT and cold stream after cooling to required rundown temperature is sent to the storage.

LVGO product:

LVGO from collector tray is pumped by LVGO Product+CR+IR Pump and is divided into 3 streams namely LVGO IR, LVGO CR and LVGO product. LVGO is combined with HVGO after heat recovery and the combined stream namely Vacuum Gas oil (VGO) is routed to Hydrocracker. VGO is further cooled in cooler to required rundown temperature before be in grouted to storage.

HVGO product:

HVGO product from Collector tray is pumped by HVGO Pump. Subsequently HVGO is combined with LVGO after heat recovery and the combined stream namely Vacuum Gas oil (VGO) is routed to Hydrocracker. VGO is further cooled in cooler to required run down temperature before being routed to storage.

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Slop distillate product:

Slop from collector tray flows by gravity to the Slop Drum. Slop from this drum is pumped by Slop Distillate Pump and is divided into 2 streams. One stream is returned under flow control back to Vacuum Column as over flash while the second stream as Slop Product is mixed with Vacuum residue.

Vacuum residue product:

(Vacuum Residue + Quench) from Vacuum Column bottom is pumped by VR + Quench Pump to crude preheat train for heat recovery in Crude/VR + Quench exchangers. The VR +Quench stream is then split into two streams. One stream as VR quench is returned back to the Vacuum Column and other stream VR product is routed to Delayed Coker Unit after heat recovery. VR product is further cooled to required rundown temperature before routed to storage.

Tempered Water System (TW)

The cooling of the high pour point products like Vacuum residue & VGO is done by tempered water to prevent exchanger congealing and to reduce exchanger maintenance. Tempered water is pumped from Tempered Water Drum by Tempered Water Pumps to VR/TW cooler and VGO/TW cooler.

Steam Generation Section

Make-up BFW is preheated by VR + Slop rundown stream in VR + Slop/BFW pre-heater. This make-up BFW then splits into two parts. One of the make-up BFW stream is fed to LP steam drum. The other Make up BFW stream is fed to MP steam drum.

Blowdown

Blowdown from MP steam drum is flashed in a LP flash drum. The flashed condensates from this LP flash drum and blow down from LP steam drum is sent to Steam Blow down Drum where it is quenched with service water before draining it to storm sewer.

Chemical Dosing Facility

This system caters to CDU/VDU units.

Demulsifier

Demulsifier chemical is unloaded into demulsifier drums. The drum is provided with a mixer which can be used for preparation of desired concentration levels of the chemical.

Demulsifier injection is done at the inlet of First stage de-salter.

Filming Amine

Filming amine is unloaded into Filming amine drum. The drum is provided with a mixer, which can be used for preparation of desired concentration levels of the chemical. It is injected in the column overhead circuit to prevent corrosion.

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Neutralising Amine

Neutralising Amine chemical is unloaded into Neutralising Amine drum. The drum is provided with a mixer, which can be used for preparation of desired concentration levels of the chemical. It is injected in the column overhead circuit for pH adjustment and to prevent corrosion.

Caustic Solution

Caustic solution is required in the unit for caustic make-up to Vent Gas Caustic Scrubber. 10wt% caustic solution is obtained from OSBL, which shall be used for make-up in Vent Gas Caustic scrubber. 5 wt% Caustic solutions might be required in the unit to be injected into crude line downstream of de-salter.

2.2.1.2 Naphtha Hydro Treating Unit (NHT)

Naphtha feed to NHT passes through a surge drum and a charge pump. It is then combined with a H2-rich gas stream from the recycle gas compressor. The combined feed enters the reactor feed/effluent exchanger, where the feed is heated. The heated feed is brought up to the reaction temperature in a feed charge heater. The hot feed down-flows through a fixed bed reactor where the catalyst reacts with the feed to remove sulphur as H2S, in presence of H2. The reactor effluent is cooled first in the reactor feed/effluent exchanger and then in the product air cooler. Wash water is injected into the reactor effluent upstream of the product air cooler so that any salt build up in the condenser may be washed out. Reactor effluent flows out of the condenser at a low temperature to ensure complete recovery of naphtha and enters the separator.

The separator is provided with a mesh coalescer to ensure complete separation of vapour, hydrocarbon liquid and sour water. Sour water is sent to SWSU, H2-rich vapor is recycled back to the reactor through recycle gas compressor. A H2-rich makeup stream is fed into the recycle stream through a makeup gas compressor. Liquid hydrocarbon from separator is heated by heat exchange with stripper bottoms in stripper feed/bottom exchanger and enters the stripper near its top. A steam re-boiler provides stripper heat duty. Overhead vapor from the stripper pass onto the stripper trim cooler partly condenses and separates into three stages in the stripper receiver.

Net overhead gas from the stripper receiver is passed onto the refinery fuel gas system after amine treatment to remove all H2S. Sour water from the receiver is sent to SWSU.

Hydrocarbon liquid from the receiver is sent back to the stripper as total reflux. Hydro- treated sweet naphtha from stripper bottom is cooled in stripper feed/bottom exchanger and then sent to naphtha/gasoline pool.

2.2.1.3 Naphtha Isomerisation Unit

Application: The par-isom process is an innovative application using high- performance non chlorided-alumina catalysts for light naphtha isomerisation. The process uses catalyst, which approaches the activity of chloride alumina catalysts without requiring organic chloride injection. The catalyst is re-generable and is sulphur and water tolerant.

Description: The fresh C5 /C6 feed is combined with make-up and re-cycle hydrogen which is directed to a charge heater, where the reactants are heated to reaction temperature. The heated combined feed is then sent to the reactor. Either one or two reactors can be used in series, depending on the specific application.

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The reactor effluent is cooled and sent to a product separator where the recycle hydrogen is separated from the other products. Recovered recycle hydrogen is directed to the recycle compressor and back to the reactor section. Liquid product is sent to a stabilizer column where light ends and any dissolved hydrogen are removed. The stabilized isomerate product can be sent directly to gasoline blending.

2.2.1.4 Continuous Catalyst Regeneration Reforming Unit (CCR)

The Catalytic Reforming Unit processes the heavy naphtha stream to make it more suitable for the production of motor gasoline. The nominal design charge capacity of this unit is 0.7 MMTPA of heavy naphtha. The reforming process involves chemically rearranging the hydrocarbon molecules to produce higher-octane materials. [The octane number is a key measure of motor gasoline performance. The Catalytic Reforming Unit can produce reformate of up to 102 research octane number (RON-Clear). Hydrogen gas is produced as a by product of reforming, and is used as feed to the Naphtha Hydro-treater Unit, Diesel Hydro-treating Unit, Hydrocracker Unit and Iso-merization Unit. The heavy naphtha feed stream is mixed with recycle hydrogen, preheated by exchange with reactor effluent, heated to reaction temperature in the charge heater and sent to the first of a series of three to four reactors. Each reactor is preceded by a gas-fired feed heater to maintain a constant inlet temperature profile for the individual reactors (as reforming reactions that take place in the reactors are predominantly endothermic). Effluent from the last reactor is heat exchanged with the combined feed, condensed in the product trim cooler and sent to the separator. The reformed naphtha product (reformate) is separated from the by-product hydrogen. A portion of the hydrogen is compressed and recycled to be mixed with heavy naphtha feed material. The remaining hydrogen is compressed for use in other refinery processing units.

The reformate product is fractionated in the debutanizer for separation of light ends, which are sent to the Gas Concentration Plant for recovery. The reformate liquid product is sent to storage, for use in motor gasoline blending. The Catalytic Reforming Unit reactor catalyst is continuously regenerated in the Catalytic Reforming Unit Catalyst Regenerator. The regeneration section of the reformer provides a continual stream of clean coke-free active catalyst that is returned back to the reactors. Continuous circulation of regenerated catalyst helps maintain optimum catalyst performance at high severity conditions for long on-stream periods of reforming operation. Catalyst regeneration takes place in dedicated equipment and uses nitrogen, air, and per chloro ethylene as regenerating agents. The Catalyst Regenerator performs two principal functions - solid catalyst regeneration and circulation. Spent catalyst from the final Catalytic Reforming Unit reactor vessel is conveyed to the Catalyst Regenerator, where it is regenerated in four steps: 1) coke burning with oxygen, 2 oxy chlorination with oxygen and chloride, 3) catalyst drying with air/nitrogen, and 4) reduction of catalyst metals to "reduced" oxidation states. Exiting the Catalyst Regenerator, the regenerated catalyst is conveyed back into the first Catalytic Reforming Unit reactor.

Small quantities of hydrochloric acid and chlorine are generated in the Catalyst Regenerator. The vent gas from the Catalyst Regenerator is scrubbed in two stages with caustic solution and water in the Vent Gas Wash Tower for removal of acid gases, in particular hydro chloric acid. From the Wash Tower, the cleaned vent gas is discharged to the atmosphere.

2.2.1.5 Diesel Hydro-treating Unit (DHT)

A blend of straight run and cracked distillate materials are filtered in a feed filter and fed to a surge drum. From this drum, the feed is pumped under flow control and is mixed with makeup/recycle hydrogen streams. The combined feed is then preheated in a reactor

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feed/effluent exchanger and then brought up to the required reaction temperature in a charge heater. The heated feed is first routed to the HDS reactor that operates down flow, and includes three beds in order to limit the temperature increase inside the reactor. Cold quenches are injected at inter bed sections. The HDS reactor effluent is quenched and sent to the HDT reactor that operates in down flow and has two beds.

The HDT reactor effluent is used to exchange heat first with the stripper feed in the stripper feed pre-heater and then with the reactor feed in the reactor feed/effluent exchanger. Final cooling is achieved first in reactor effluent air condenser and then in trim condenser.

To avoid ammonium salt deposits and the risk of corrosion, wash water is injected at the inlet of reactor effluent air cooler. The wash water is a mixture of recycled water from cold HP separator and stripped water from SWS. Trim cooler effluent is collected in the cold HP separator, which is a V-L-L separator. The sour water is partly recycled back as wash water, the hydrocarbon liquid is sent to the cold MP separator and the hydrocarbon vapor goes to HP amine absorber knock out drum. At the amine absorber, H2S is removed by amine wash. The sweetened gas is recycled back to the recycle gas compressor at the reaction section inlet. A stream of hydrogen-rich gas from battery limits through makeup gas compressor meets the recycle gas stream.

The cold MP separator is also a V-L-L separator. Vapor is sent to the stripper overhead line, sour water withdrawn from the boot is routed to SWS and the hydrocarbon liquid is routed to the stripper.

The stripper is steam stripped to obtain hydro-treated diesel with correct flash point. The overhead vapors are partly condensed in an air cooler followed by a trim cooler. The stripper reflux drum is a 3-stage separator. Sour water is sent to SWS, vapor is routed to LP amine absorber and liquid hydrocarbon is partly sent back to the stripper as reflux. The stripper bottom is cooled with stripper feed in a feed/bottom exchanger. It is then cooled in air/trim coolers before being routed to the storage.

Net liquid from stripper reflux drum is sent to a stabilizer to remove any hydrogen sulfide and to adjust the butane content in order to minimize the RVP. The stabilizer has a steam re-boiler. Vapor from the stabilizer is sent to LP amine absorber. Stabilized naphtha from stabilizer bottom is heat exchanged with stabilizer feed in a feed/bottom exchanger. It is then cooled in air/trim coolers before being routed to the storage.

2.2.1.6 LPG Treating Unit

LPG Amine Treater

Sour LPG is routed to LPG Amine Absorber along with 40wt% MDEA solution for bulk H2S removal. Lean amine from Amine Regeneration Unit is routed to LPG Amine Absorption section. Lean Amine is split into two streams. About 20% of amine is mixed with sour LPG in LPG-Lean Amine (static mixer)’ There is approximately 3-5 deg C rise in temperature of mixed stream coming out of the static mixer due to heat of absorption. The mixed stream is thus cooled in LPG amine cooler to 40 Deg.C and then fed to LPG amine absorber. In the static mixer, MDEA reacts with the above impurities to form amino salts, which go along with rich amine from the column bottom. Balance 80% of the Amine is routed to column top. LPG rises from column bottom to top through amine, which forms the dispersed stage and is routed to Amine settler drum. Any carryover of amine from the column settles down in this vessel. From Amine settler drum, treated LPG is routed to Caustic wash section. An Amine sump is also provided where the amine drains from LPG AAU equipment are collected.

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Caustic Wash Section

The caustic wash is based on Continuous Film Contactor (CFC) technology. Initially, fresh caustic solution at ambient temperature is charged into the CFC separator through the CFC caustic wash columns. After taking about 50% level in the CFC separators, the caustic solution is circulated within the system by using caustic circulation pumps for specified time to ensure proper wetting of the fibres, which are provided in the caustic wash columns. LPG, pre-washed by amine absorption located in the upstream proceeds through LPG filters to remove solids larger than 300 microns. The LPG stream is then fed to the top of the wash column, where it contacts the circulated NaOH solution. The caustic solution flows downward, adhering to the fibres, until it enters the aqueous stage where it disengages from the fibres. The LPG flows co-currently with the caustic in the spaces between the fibres and disengages upon entering into the hydrocarbon stage in the CFC separator. The CFC separator system would be single stage or two stages depending upon the feed quality.

Caustic Regeneration Section

In the Regeneration column rich caustic solution is contacted with dry air, which is dispersed through a distributor located at the bottom of the column. Dry compressed air from air compressor supplies oxidation air. Both caustic solution and air flow co-currently in upward direction inside the Regenerator. In contact with air, sodium sulfide is converted to sodium thiosulphate and sodium hydroxide, Sodium mercaptides are converted to disulfide oil (DSO) in presence of water and catalyst .Catalyst in liquid form is added to the system once in a day through catalyst addition vessel. A slip stream of the circulated solvent entering DSO Extraction column is fed intermittently to the regeneration Column. The solvent acts as deemulsifier in the Regeneration Column, Mixture of dry air, aqueous caustic solution and Naphtha flow upwards through perforated plate and then to chimney tray and caustic solution overflows. In this process vapour disengages liquid at the top of Regeneration Column, and off gas goes by pressure control through PV/PIC. The off gas is diluted with Fuel gas and sent to nearby furnace/heater via off gas Knockout drum .The liquid stream from chimney tray is fed to top of the DSO extraction column where it contacts with the main stream of fresh solvent (Hydro-treated Naphtha) and the recycled solvent. Fresh solvent is introduced into the column on flow control. The solvent is also recycled via pump and introduced at the top of DSO extraction column. In this process, the recycled Naphtha mixes with caustic and enters the DSO extraction column top. A stream of solvent and DSO is discharged to B/L.

The combined caustic solution and Naphtha travel down co-currently in the contactor and extracts DSO into solvent stage. The main stream of regenerated caustic is pumped by caustic recirculation pump via Filter to caustic wash column .The purge aqueous caustic stream is taken out from the bottom of solvent separator and sent to spent caustic tank by level control. The purge caustic stream would be needed to maintain the sodium thiosulphate level in the regenerated caustic. To compensate for the loss of caustic a fresh 20 wt% caustic solution is added to the circulated regenerated caustic stream through pump into the Caustic wash column.

2.2.1.7 Fuel Gas Treating Unit

The basic purpose of the unit is to remove H2S from fuel gas. Sour fuel gas generated in various units is combined and routed to sour fuel gas knock out drum. Liquid particles in the fuel gas are separated in this drum. From the drum, the gases are routed to the bottom of the fuel gas amine absorber.

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Lean amine from ARU is introduced on the top the absorber. H2S from the sour gas gets absorbed in to the lean amine. The rich amine flows out under level control to ARU for regeneration. From the top of the absorber, the sweetened fuel gas under absorber pressure control is passed to sweet fuel gas separator, where any amine entrained in the gas is trapped and sweet fuel gas is routed to fuel gas system. Liquid collected in the sweet fuel gas separator is periodically drained to the amine sump. Rich amine from column bottom is routed to ARU for regeneration.

2.2.1.8 Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)

The Hydrogen Generation Unit design is based on catalytic reforming and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system to produce 99.9 mole% pure hydrogen gases. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of Natural Gas.NG after mixing with recycled hydrogen and superheated steam enters the reformer furnace. Superheated steam is again added at the outlet of pre-reformer to adjust the steam-carbon ratio, and the mixture is heated. The superheated feed-steam mixture is distributed through multi-tubular reactor consisting of high alloy reformer tubes containing nickel-based catalyst. To carry out the reactions producing CO, CO2 and H2, heat is supplied by a number of burners burning PSA purge gas and natural Gas.

The reformed gas after being cooled undergoes shift conversion in shift converters. These are cylindrical fixed bed reactors containing iron/chromium oxide or copper/zinc oxide catalyst. Shift conversion reaction converts most of CO into CO2 and H2 in presence of the catalyst. The heat removed from the converted process gas is used to vaporize and further heat the feed, and preheat boiler feed water and demineralised water (make-up). Hydrogen is purified to remove inert gas impurities like CO2, CO, CH4, N2 and water vapour by high-pressure adsorption of these impurities on molecular sieves, active carbon and alumina gel in Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system. All adsorbed gases are removed during desorption and regeneration of the beds, and used as reformer fuel. Desorption of impurities is done at low pressure and purge gas is used as fuel.

2.2.1.9 Sour Water Stripper Unit

Refinery Sour Water Stripper

Refinery Sour Water Stripper is designed to treat sour water from CDU/VDU, HGU, DCU and intermittent sour condensate from SRU & TGTU.

The H2S recovered is sent to SRU for reduction to elemental merchant-grade Sulphur. The Ammonia-rich stream is considered to be disposed-off by burning in the SRU Ammonia Incinerator. The stripped water from Single Stage SWS is sent to CDU de-salter make-up and to ETP for disposal.

Sour water from above described units is received from a common line in a sour water surge drum floating on acid gas flare header back pressure. This surge drum is a three stage (V-LL) separator. Flashed hydrocarbon vapors are separated and routed to acid gas flare. Oil carryover, if any, is skimmed off from drum and drained to OWS. Sour water from the surge drum is pumped by single stage SWS feed pump to single stage stripper column under surge drum level control cascaded to flow controller through feed/bottom exchanger. The feed/bottom exchanger preheats the sour water feed. The stripper is equipped with a LP steam heated re-boiler and a pump around circuit consisting of re-circulating pumps and air cooler. Column overhead temperature is controlled by varying flow through air cooler/by-pass in pump around circuit using a three-way control

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valve. Column overhead pressure is controlled by controlling flow of sour gas (NH3+H2S) to SRU.

This sour gas can also be routed to acid gas flare when SRU is under maintenance. The sour gas line to SRU should be steam jacketed. The steam flow to re-boiler is controlled by a flow ratio controller that resets steam flow in accordance with sour water feed to column. Stripped water containing NH3 and H2S less than 50 wt. ppm each is pumped by stripped water pumps under level control. It is cooled in feed/bottom exchanger, before routing to CDU de-salter. A water-cooled exchanger, which is designed to cool stripped water from single stage and two-stage stripper, is also provided to cool the stripped water to 40 C if the water is to be sent to the WWTP.

In order to prevent evolution of H2S/NH3 while draining sour water to an open sewer, a closed blow down drum (CBD) system is envisaged. The CBD system consists of a CBD drum and a CBD pump. The CBD drum is connected to the acid gas flare in order to route all H2S/NH3 rich vapors that may evolve during equipment draining to flare. Provision is kept for pumping all the drain liquid collected in CBD drum back to sour water surge drum for stripping.

Hydroprocessing Sour Water Stripper

Hydro processing Sour Water Stripper Unit-II is designed to treat sour water from DHDT and NHT.

The stripped water from two stage stripper is sent separately to DHDT and NHT or to ETP.

Hot Sour water from DHDT and NHT is mixed with ammonia rich recycle (to keep H2S in solution & for constructive recovery), cooled in a water cooler to 37 0C, and received in a surge drum, a three stage (V-L-L) separator. Any hydrocarbon that flashes is separated out and joins ammonia stripper overhead line to be routed to incinerator. The entrained oil, if any, is skimmed off from drum and drained to OWS. The sour water is sent to sour water storage tanks under level control. The day tanks and stripper feed pumps are normally located behind SRU ammonia incinerator vent stack. The sour water day tanks serve the following purposes:

A floating skimmer (with swivel joints and steam traced “try” lines are provided to skim off separated oil. The tanks are blanketed with nitrogen to keep off air/oxygen. The tanks release vapors containing H2S, ammonia (during out breathing if ammonia rich recycle stream is not available) through a fisher assembly to join SRU ammonia incinerator vent stack to release these vapors at safe height.

The sour water from tanks is pumped to the 1st stage H2S stripper column under flow control through feed/bottom exchanger where the incoming sour water feed is preheated against 2nd stage bottoms, i.e., stripper water. The feed enters the column feed tray. A slip stripped water stream quantity is taken from the inlet of feed/bottom exchanger and sent as hot wash water under flow control to the 1st stage stripper column. The temperature of this wash stream is very important for column steady performance.

H2S stripper is equipped with MP steam heated kettle reboiler to provide the reboiling duty required. This column normally operates at a top pressure of 7.0 Kg/Cm2g and pressure is controlled by PIC in overhead vapour line. The stripping section removes most of the H2S coming in sour water feed. The overhead wash section condenses most of the steam and almost pure H2S is produced at the column top. This H2S gas is routed to SRU for Sulphur Recovery, in a steam traced line.

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The MP steam flows to reboiler. Condensate withdrawal scheme are same as the single stage stripper column. MP condensate is routed to SRU condensate handling system. The sour water from the H2S stripper bottom, containing almost all ammonia and small quantity of unrecovered H2S, is fed to second stage ammonia stripper column under level control.

The ammonia stripper overhead is floating with the SRU ammonia incinerator header back pressure. The sour water is fed at the 2nd stage stripper feed tray. Alternate feed tray is also provided for operational flexibility. The section below feed tray is stripping section with two pass trays.

The required reboiling duty for this column is supplied by the LP steam heated kettle reboiler, LP steam flow/condensate withdrawal control schemes similar to the other two columns. The FRC cascading is with sour water feed to H2S stripper to maintain a constant rate of steam to sour water feed. This ratio should be sufficient to bring down ammonia content below 50 ppmw in stripped water from column bottoms. LP condensate is routed to SRU condensate handling facility.

The overhead pump-around circuit consists of circulating reflux pumps and circulating reflux air cooler. The pump takes suction from chimney tray and circulates at a constant rate under flow control (cascaded with column top temp.).This circulating reflux is fed at the column top. The ammonia (with small H2S quantity) coming out from column top is routed to SRU ammonia incinerator through a steam jacketed line. An ammonia-rich slip stream from pump-around circuit (before air cooler), under flow control, serves as recycle stream to be mixed in hot sour water feed, before feed mix cooler, during normal operation.

2.2.1.10 Amine Regeneration Unit (ARU)

The function of Amine Regeneration units is to remove the acid gases (H2S and CO2) from the rich amine streams produced in the refinery processing units.

Rich amine from various absorber units is received in a flash column. Rich amine is allowed to flash in the column to drive off hydrocarbons. Some H2S also gets liberated. The liberated H2S is again absorbed by a slip stream of lean amine solution making counter current contact with liberated gases over a packed bed.

From the flash column, the rich amine is pumped by rich amine pumps under flow control to amine regenerator, after preheating in lean amine/rich amine exchanger. In lean amine/rich amine exchanger, the heat is supplied to rich amine by hot lean amine on shell side from the bottom of amine regenerator under level control. The lean amine from lean amine/rich amine exchanger is further cooled in lean amine cooler and routed to amine storage tank. Another part of lean amine from lean amine cooler is used as slip steam to cartridge filter to remove solid particles picked up amine in the system. It is also used to remove foam causing hydrocarbon substances and thereafter routed to amine storage tank.

In amine regeneration column, reflux water enters the column top and descends down. This prevents amine losses into the overhead and ensures complete removal of H2S. The re- boiler vapor from the bottom of the tower counter currently contacts the rich amine and strips off H2S. The overhead vapours from regenerator are routed to regenerator overhead condenser, where most of the water vapours condense and are pumped by amine regenerator reflux pumps as reflux to the column. The acid gases are routed to the SRU. In case the pressure goes high, acid gases are released to the acid flare. Re-boiler heat by LP steam is supplied to the column through amine regenerator re-boiler.

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2.2.1.11 Sulfur Recovery Unit with Tail Gas Treatment Unit

Feed to SRU comprises of acid gas from ARU and sour gas from SWSU. Acid gas from ARU passes through acid gas knock out drum, to remove any liquid carryover, before feeding to main burner. Similarly, any liquid carryover in sour gas from SWSU is removed in sour gas knock out drum.

The air to main burner is supplied by an air blower, which also supplies air to Super Claus stage and sulfur degassing. The air to the main burner is exactly sufficient to accomplish the complete oxidation of all hydrocarbons and ammonia present in the feed gas and to burn as much H2S as required to obtain desired concentration. The heat generated in the main burner is removed in the waste heat boiler by generating steam. Then the process gas is introduced into the first condenser in which it is cooled, sulfur vapor condensed and is separated from gas.

Upstream of 1st Claus reactor, the process stream from waste heat boiler is heated in 1st steam reheater to obtain optimum temperature for the catalytic conversion. The effluent gases from 1st reactor passes onto 2nd sulfur condenser where sulfur vapor is condensed and uncondensed process gases pass to the 2nd steam reheater. Heated vapors are again subjected to conversion in the 2nd Claus reactor followed by cooling in the 3rd sulphur condenser. Then the process gas passes to the 3rd steam reheater and the 3rd Claus reactor. To obtain a high sulfur recovery the process gas is passed to the 4th and last catalytic stage, indicated as the Super Claus stage. The process gas is heated in the 4th steam reheater, and mixed with preheated air. Proper mixing is achieved in a static mixer. In Super Claus stage, H2S is selectively oxidized into sulfur. The gas then passes to the 4th and last condenser.

Sulfur condensed in condensers is routed via sulfur locks to sulfur cooler and drained into sulfur degasification vessel. Stripping air is supplied to the spargers located at the bottom side of the vessel. This strips off H2S from liquid sulfur and oxidizes the major part of H2S to sulfur. Air leaving the stripping columns, together with H2S released from sulphur degasification vessel, and is routed to TGT Unit

Tail Gas Unit

Tail gas enters the hydrogenation reactor preheated at 130oC. H2 reducing gas is mixed with Claus tail gas in the preheat effluent stream via a controller which is reset by the SO2 concentration in the downstream of the hydrogen reactor. The effluent is preheated under temperature controller by an electrical heater. A pre-sulfiding line is provided to activate the TGU catalyst using acid gas from the acid gas KOD. This line is not used for normal operation.

The hot preheated effluent passes through the catalyst bed of the hydrogenation reactor where SO2 and other sulfur compounds are converted to H2S. Due to exothermic reaction, the gas temperature increase over the reactor to. The reactor inlet temperature should be held reasonably steady to provide stable conditions in the reactor. To avoid excessive outlet temperature, the inlet gas may be controlled at somewhat lower temperature to compensate for more SO2 and/or S in the tail gas feed. However, excessively low reactor inlet temperature will result in poor conversion. The SO2 monitor at the reactor effluent is observed to maintain an excess of ~3% H2. In addition, if the circulating water in the quench loop shows the presence of finally divided sulfur this indicated incomplete reaction and the SO2 has reached the column to form sulfur via the Claus reaction:

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2H2S + SO2 3S + 2H2O

This behavior should be monitored as the presence of the sulfur not only means the reaction is incomplete but the column can be plugged. Monitoring the pH of the quench water provides a pre-warning to an impending problem. The pH should be maintained near 7.0.

Hot reactor exit gas must be cooled before entering the absorber. A first stage gas cooling is accomplished by generating steam at the TGU waste Heat Boiler, decreasing the process gas temperature. BFW is fed to the shell side of the TGU-WHB on level control and low pressure steam is generated. When the steam flow and/or BFW flow rate changes, the water level in the steam generator vary. Rising level in the generator indicated that the BFW flow rate is exceeding the rate of steam generation. In this case, signal to the level control valve will decrease. If the steam generation exceeds the BFW rate, level will decrease. In this case, signal to the level control will increase.

The process gas enters to the quench column. The quench water re-circulating loop consists of the quench water pump, filter and water cooler. The cooler remove the heat from the column, cooling the inlet gas. The water flow to the top of the column is controlled after being filtered by quench water filter. Decreasing the water flow rate will increase the bottom temperature. Increasing the water rate will increase the load in the quench water circulation pumps and flow through the quench water cooler and column.

The quench column recirculation system has the provision to adjust the pH by addition of ammonia to the column recirculation line. The pH of the quench water to the water pump is monitored and kept at a value between 7 and 9 in an effort to prevent corrosion and inhibit colloidal sulfur formation. The water system should be visually inspected for cloudiness. Low pH will indicate incomplete reduction of sulfur compounds. Sour water condense from the inlet feed is removed from the quench water loop via a level controller from the quench column and is sent offsite to sour water storage. The rate depends on the water in the Claus tail gas, water produced in the hydrogenation reactor and the amount of water overhead in the quench column.

The overhead line from the quench column flows to the absorber. The absorber is a packed column and is designed to absorb practically all the H2S in the recirculating Amine solvent. The absorber over head is routed to the incinerator. The absorber bottom liquid is pumped by the rich solvent pump to common amine regenerator section.

The purpose of the incinerator system is to oxides all the sulfur compounds in the tail gas to SO2 and to vent the oxidized stream at high temperature and at a high elevation.

The incinerator system included the two primary sections:

In the incinerator burner, fuel gas is burned with excess air to a temperature over 1650oC. The temperature is sufficient to heat the tail gas from TGU to ~768 deg. C. This temperature is sufficient to oxidize the residual H2S and sulfur compound, while minimize NOx and SO3 formation.

The effluent is discharged to the incinerator stack. The stack height of 60 meters is set to ensure dispersion of SO2 and to meet ground level concentration limits. Effluent tail gas from the TGU absorber is thermally oxidized with air to convert reaming sulphur compounds to SO2. Fuel gas and excess air are combusted at high temperature at the incinerator burner. Then it is mixed with the absorber overhead tail gas in the primary oxidation chamber. The fuel gas and air rates are adjusted to control the temperature of the mixed

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and oxidized tail gas stream. The air is supplied by a dedicated incinerator air blower. Excess air is used to ensure sufficient oxygen is present to oxides the sulphur and other sulphur compound. Oxidation reactions are as follows:

H2S + 3/2 O2 SO2 + H2O 2COS + 23 O2 2 CO2 + 2SO2 CO + ½ O 2 CO2 CS2 + 3 O2 2SO2 + CO2 n S + nO 2 n SO2

The incinerator effluent temperature is measured and used to adjust the flow rate of fuel gas to maintain the desired operating temperature of 768 deg. C. The incinerator is refractory lined with an external thermal shroud to control the shell temperature. Skin thermocouples are provided to monitor the shell temperature. The shell temperature should be maintained between 149 – 350 deg. C. The air blower is designed to provide supply of air and stack while providing a minimum of 2% excess O2 at an operating temperature of 768 deg. C. Ambient air is drawn through the inlet filter to remove solid debris and to protect against water during heavy rainfall.

The combustion gas from the burner and combustion chamber flow into the incinerator where adequate residence time is provided for combustion. The incinerator stack vents the effluent to the atmosphere. A SO2/O2 analyzer is provided to determine the SO2 and O2 in the effluent stream.

2.2.1.12 Ebullated Bed Hydrocracker Fresh hydrocarbon liquid feed is mixed with hydrogen and reacted within an expanded catalyst bed that is maintained in turbulence by liquid up-flow so as to achieve efficient isothermal operation. Product quality is constantly maintained at a high level by intermittent catalyst addition and withdrawal. Reactor products flow to the high pressure separator, low pressure separator, and then to product fractionation. Recycled hydrogen is separated and purified.

Process features include on-stream catalyst addition and withdrawal, thereby eliminating the need to shut down for catalyst replacement. The expanded bed reactors operate at near isothermal conditions without the need for quenches within the reactor.

The reaction section uses a commercially proven low pressure hydrogen recovery system. Separating the reactor effluent and purifying the recycled hydrogen at low pressure results in lower capital cost and allows design at lower gas rates.

The untreated VGO from hydro-cracking section is sent to integrated VGO hydro-treater. The treated VGO product from the unit becomes feed to downstream cracking unit for further conversion. Unconverted oil from an Ebullated bed HCU is sent to another heavy oil conversion unit for further upgrading.

2.2.1.13 PFCC PFCC is a fluidized catalytic process for selectively cracking a variety of feed stocks to light olefins. PFCC is similar to conventional FCC in terms of basic process employed. But the conversions are higher in PFCC. The objective of PFCC is maximization of LPG with higher selectivity towards propylene. LPG yield is typically 37-40 percent and propylene is typically 20%. Dry gas produced from this unit is rich in ethylene.

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Hence, PFCC unit provide opportunity for establishing downstream petrochemical units. Propylene is recovered from LPG in downstream PRU and sent to polypropylene unit. There is potential to use the dry gas rich in ethylene for the production of styrene monomer after reacting with benzene to form ethyl benzene. To achieve the higher conversions, unit operates at higher severity with reactor temperature of 555-565 deg C, higher quantity of dispersion steam in the reactor and higher catalyst to oil ratio. The catalyst employed is zeolitic in nature. High ZSM-5 to the extent of ~ 15% is added to achieve the desired conversions and propylene make. Some licensors offer the catalyst impregnated with ZSM-5. The Petrochemical FCC reactor regenerator system utilizes a reactor/riser, catalyst stripper, 1st stage regeneration vessel, 2nd stage regeneration vessel, catalyst withdrawal well and catalyst transfer lines. Fresh feed, from upstream VGO HDT Unit, is finely atomized with dispersion steam and injected into the riser through feed injection nozzles over a dense catalyst phase. The small droplets of feed contact the freshly regenerated catalyst and instantly vaporize. The oil molecules mix intimately with the catalyst particles and crack into lighter and more valuable products. As the reaction mixture travels up the riser, the catalyst, steam and hydrocarbon product mixture passes through a riser termination device. This device quickly disengages the catalyst from steam and product vapours. Reactant vapours are then ducted to the top of the reactor near the reactor cyclone inlets, while catalyst is discharged into the stripper through a pair of catalyst dip legs. The vapours with entrained catalyst pass through single- stage high-efficiency cyclones. Reactor products, inerts, steam and a minute amount of catalyst flow into the base of the main fractionator and are separated into various product streams. Below the dense catalyst bed in reactor vessel, a steam ring strips off volatile hydrocarbon material from reacted catalyst particles. Stripped catalyst leaves the reactor vessel through catalyst withdrawal pipes and enters the 1st stage regenerator through a catalyst distributor that disperses the catalyst onto the bed surface. Catalyst and combustion air flows counter currently in the 1st stage regenerator vessel. Partially regenerated catalyst exits near the bottom of the vessel through a hollow stem plug valve. A lift line conveys the catalyst into the 2nd stage regenerator vessel utilizing lift air. CO-rich flue gas from the regenerator vessel exits through two-stage high efficiency cyclones. A mushroom grid evenly distributes the catalyst in 2nd stage regenerator vessel. Any carbon remaining in the catalyst is completely burned off with an excess amount of air in this regeneration stage. This results in high temperatures. Several design features like external cyclones and a catalyst cooler are incorporated to minimize any mechanical and/or physical temperature limitation. Hot regenerated catalyst flows into a withdrawal well, through regenerated catalyst slide valves and into the "wye" section at the base of riser. Here, it meets the hot feed. The PFCC gas recovery section employs a low pressure drop main fractionators design with warm reflux overhead condensers to condense the large amount of steam used in the convertor. A large wet gas compressor is required relative to PFCC operation because of high amount of dry gas and LPG. The absorber and stripper columns, downstream of the wet gas compressor are specifically designed for enhanced C3 recovery at relatively gasoline rates.

In addition to the above three products, the product fractionators separates the catalytically cracked material into heavy naphtha, light and heavy cycle oils and catalyst slurry. The heavy cycle oil is recycled back to the reactor. The catalyst slurry contains some lighter hydrocarbon oil, clarified oil, which is subsequently separated and may be recycled back to either the reactor or to the internal fuel oil pool.

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The flue gas handling system downstream of the PFCC regenerator requires considerations no different than those of as PFCC system. It consists of a flue gas slide valve to control the differential pressure between the reactor and regenerator followed by an orifice chamber. Heat is recovered by flue gas cooler in the form of high-pressure superheated steam.

2.2.1.14 FCC GDS FCC Gasoline Desulphurization unit comprises of following sections:

1. SHU Reactor Section The Gasoline feed from upstream FCC unit is first routed to Feed Filters Package and is then pumped to the SHU section after mixing with hydrogen. The feed/hydrogen mixture is heated by exchanging heat with the SHU Reactor Feed / HDS Effluent exchanger and finally heated in Feed Preheater. The reactor contains two beds. The reactor effluent is cooled down by exchanging heat with the feed in the SHU Reactor Feed / Effluent Exchanger. Then the effluent flows to the Splitter.

2. Splitter Section The purpose of the Splitter is to produce Light Cracked Naphtha (LCN) and a Heavy Cracked Naphtha (HCN). The Splitter overhead is partially condensed in the Splitter overhead air condenser and then it flows to the Splitter Reflux Drum where the vapor phase and liquid phase are separated. Liquid phase is routed back while the sweet vapor phase is routed to the refinery Fuel Gas system. The LCN product is drawn from a partial draw-off chimney tray under flow control. The LCN product is sent to be recombined with desulfurized HCN from stabilizer section before cooling.

3. First Stage HDS Reaction Section The Splitter bottoms product is pumped and is combined with the recycle hydrogen coming from Recycle Gas Compressors. The mixture is preheated in the First Stage HDS Reactor Feed / Effluent Exchangers and is routed to First stage HDS Reactor. The HDS reactor is divided into 2 beds. The overall temperature rise in the reactor is controlled if needed by injection of a gaseous. The quench for both HDS reactors is coming from the Recycle Gas Compressors. The HDS effluent is further heated in the First Stage HDS Reactor Heater so that the effluent entering is fully vaporized. The effluent from the First Stage HDS Reactor Heater is then cooled in the First Stage HDS Reactor Feed / Effluent Exchangers and routed to the First Stage HDS Hot Separator Drum in order to separate the liquid and the vapor phase. The liquid phase is pumped and sent to the H2S Stripper. The vapor phase is then cooled and the mixed phase is separated in the First Stage HDS Cold Separator Drum. The First Stage HDS effluent is water washed on a monthly basis in order to avoid any precipitation of ammonium salts.

2.2.2 RAW MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR NREP

The raw materials required for refinery operation are listed below and presented in Table 2.4.

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Table 2.4 List of Raw materials used in Refinery Operation

Propylene Sr. No. Raw Material LPG Minimization Maximization Case Case 1. Crude Oil 6 6 Natural Gas (for STG) (KTPA) 301 196 Natural Gas (for HGU) (KTPA) 185 281 2. Natural Gas (for Process firing) 8 - (KTPA)

Crude will be transported from Paradip Port through a new pipeline.

2.2.2.1 Product Portfolio

The product slate in the additional train favors maximization of Domestic regular Motor spirit (BS-VI) and Domestic High speed diesel (HSD) (BS-VI). Table 2.5 gives the present product slate. Table 2.5 Proposed Product Slate for NREP Propylene LPG Minimization Case Feed Purchase Maximization Case (MMTPA) (MMTPA) Arab Light 1.8 1.8 Arab Heavy 4.2 4.2 Natural Gas 0.494 0.477 VR of existing refinery VDU 0.306 0.306 Coker Light and Heavy Naphtha from existing 0.045 0.045 refinery DCU

HCGO from existing 0.109 0.109 refinery DCU

Product Sales (MMTPA)

LPG 0.500 0.954

BS VI Gasoline 1.572 1.301

2.155 (32.5%) Light Distillate 2.072 (29.8%)

BS-VI HSD 3.370 3.180 3.18(45.8%) Middle Distillate 3.370 (48.5%)

RUF bottoms to existing 0.544 0.561 Coker 0.544 (7.8%) Heavy distillate 0.561(8.1%)

Sulfur (TPD) 434 434

0.812 (11.7%) Fuel and Loss 0.805 (11.6%)

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2.2.2.2 Product specification

Important specifications of major products of Numaligarh Refinery (NRL) are given in below Table 2.6. Table 2.6 Product Specification of NRL Target Product / Parameters Unit Specification Specification LPG Vapor pressure at 40 °C, max KPa 1050 1050 Odor, min 2 2 C2 minus content, max wt% 0.2 0.2 C5 plus, max wt% 2 2 Total volatile sulfur, max wtppm 200 200 Copper strip corrosion, max No. 1 No. 1 Hydrogen sulfide wtppm Nil Nil Mercaptans wtppm Nil Nil Free water Nil Nil Evaporation temperature for 95 °C 2 2 vol%,max Naphtha As produced As produced Low Sulphur Fuel Oil Flash point °C 66 66 Pour point, max °C 10 10 Total Sulfur, max wt% 3.5 3.5 Kinematic Viscosity at 50 °C, cst 80 80 max Sediment, max wt% 0.25 0.25 Ash, max wt% 0.1 0.1 Acidity (inorganic) mg KOH/gm Nil Nil Water content, max vol% 1 1

Target Product Specification Specification Regular Motor Spirit/Gasoline (BS-VI) Clear and Bright. Free Clear and Bright. Free from un-dissolved from un-dissolved water, Appearance water, foreign matter foreign matter and other and other visible visible impurities. impurities. Colour a) MG 91 Orange Red Orange Red b) MG 95

Density at 15oC, kg/m³ 720 - 775 720 - 775 Distillation:

a) percent evaporated at 70oC (E 70oC),

percent v/v

(i) Motor Gasoline 10 – 45 10 – 45

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Target Product Specification Specification (ii) E10 10 -55 (Summer) 10 -55 (Summer) 10-58 (Other months) 10-58 (Other months) b) percent evaporated at 100oC (E o 40 – 70 40 – 70 100 C), percent v/v c) percent evaporated at 150oC o 75 75 (E 150 C), percent v/v , Min o d) Final Boiling Point, C, Max 210 210 e) Residue, percent by volume, Max 2.0 2.0 Research octane number (RON), Min: 91 91.5

Motor octane number (MON), Min: 81.5 81.5

Gum content (Solvent Washed), g/m3, Max 40 40 Total sulphur, mg/kg, Max 10 10

Lead content (as Pb ), g/l, Max 0.005 0.005 Reid vapour pressure (RVP) at 38oC, kPa , Max: a) MG (without ethanol) 60 60 b) Ethanol blended MG 67 67 Vapour Lock Index (VLI), Max Summer / (Other Summer / (Other months) months) a) MG (without ethanol) 750 / (950) 750 / (950) b) MG (with 5 percent v/v ethanol) 900 / (1050) 900 / (1050)

c) E10 1050 / (1100) 1050 / (1100) Benzene content, percent by volume, Max. 1 1

Copper strip corrosion, for 3 hr at 50oC, Not more than No. 1 Not more than No. 1 Max Water tolerance of Motor gasoline - alcohol Blends, temperature for phase separation: a) Winter, oC, Max 0 0 b) Other months, oC, Max 10 10 Engine intake system cleanliness Report MFA used Report MFA used Olefin content, percent by volume, Max: a) MG 91 b) MG 95 21 21 18 18 Oxidation Stability, minutes, Min 360 360 Aromatics content, percent by volume, 35 34.5 Max Oxygen content, percent by mass, Max 3.7 3.7

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Target Product Specification Specification Ethanol content, percent by volume a) Motor gasoline 5.0 5.0 b) E10 10.0 10.0

Oxygenates percent by volume, Max a) Ethers containing 5 or more “C” 15 15 atoms per molecules such as MTBE, ETBE or TAME b) Any other oxygenates Not permitted Not permitted

Target Product Specification Specification Diesel (BS-VI) Appearance clear, bright and free from sediments, suspended matter and un-dissolved water at normal ambient fuel temperature Acidity, inorganic, mg of KOH/g Nil Nil

Acidity, total, mg of KOH/g, Max 0.20 0.20 Ash, percent by mass, Max 0.01 0.01 Carbon residue (Ramsbottom or micro) on 10 percent residue1), percent by 0.30 0.30 mass, Max Cetane number, Min 51 51.5 Cetane index, Min 46 46 Pour point, Max: a) Winter 3°C 3°C b) Summer 15°C 15°C

Copper strip corrosion for 3 h at 50°C Not worse than No. 1 Not worse than No. 1 Distillation, 95 percent v/v, recovery, °C, 360 360 Max Flash point, Abel4), °C, Min 35 35 (Note-1) Kinematic viscosity, cSt, at 40°C 2.0 to 4.5 2.0 to 4.5 Total contamination, mg/kg, Max 24 24 Density at 15°C, kg/m3 810 – 8455 810 – 8455 Total sulphur, mg/kg, Max 10 10 Water content, mg/kg, Max 200 200 Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP), Max: a) Winter b) Summer 6°C 6°C 18°C 18°C

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Target Product Specification Specification a) Oxidation stability, g/m3, Max 25 25 b) Oxidation stability by Rancidity meter, 20 20 hours, Min Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), 8 8 percent by mass, Max

Lubricity corrected wear scar diameter 460 460 (wsd 1.4) at 60°C, microns, Max FAME content, %v/v, Max 7.0 7.0

Note: Desired flash point target is 38 for pipeline transfer.

2.2.3 UTILITIES CONSUMPTION FOR NREP

The utility facilities for the refinery consist of the following: • Raw water system • Cooling tower system • DM water System • Fire water system • Compressed Air System • Nitrogen system • Steam system • Power system • Boiler feed water system • Condensate system • Condensate recovery system • Fuel gas system • Flare system • Natural Gas system

The utility systems are an integral part of the refinery and constructed on the Refinery site. The refinery is self-sufficient in all its utility requirements except raw water which is brought from outside (Dhansiri River) the refinery. Major utility systems of additional train are summarized below in Table 2.7.

Table 2.7 Proposed Utility Systems of Additional Train of NRL

S No. Description Specification 1. Re-circulating cooling water system A Cooling Tower (11W+3SB) cells of 4000 m3/hr cap. each B Re-circulating pumps (6W+2SB) pumps of 8000 m3/hr cap. Each C H2SO4 dosing pump (1W + 1 SB) pumps of 80 lit./hr cap. each D H2SO4 unloading/transfer pump (1W + 1 SB) pumps of 5 m3/hr cap. each Single cooling water system will cater to the requirements of process units, offsite & CPP within the complex. The cooling water system includes cooling towers, pumps, cooling water treatment facilities and other auxiliary items. 2. RO-DM Water System A Resin based RO-DM Plant 200 m3/hr capacity B RO-DM Water storage tanks 2 nos. having the dimensions as 27 m dia & 14 m ht C RO-DM transfer pumps (1W+1SB) pumps of 500 m3/hr cap. each

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S No. Description Specification 3. Condensate System A Condensate polishing unit Two numbers (1W+1SB) each of 85 TPH capacity B Unpolished and Polished (1W + 1S) of 12 m dia X 8 m ht. Condensate storage tank C Un polished Condensate (1W+1SB) pumps of 85 m3/hr cap. Each pumps D Polished Condensate pumps (1W+1SB) pumps of 85 m3/hr cap. Each

4. Compressed air system Compressed air system comprises of: • Plant air capacity = 3160 Nm3/hr • Instrument air capacity = 7042 Nm3/hr • Compressor designed for 10000 Nm3/hr • Instrument air driers = 2 X 5000 Nm3/hr (Dual Bed Adsorption) 5. Nitrogen System Nitrogen is required during catalyst regeneration, purging, blanketing etc. • Gaseous nitrogen = 1500 Nm3/hr • Liquid nitrogen = 225 Nm3/hr (Gaseous equivalent) 6. Fuel Gas Total requirement of fuel in all the furnaces within the process units would be met mostly by fuel gas system.

One no. fuel gas KOD having the dimensions as 1.5 m dia X 3.8 m ht. 7. Raw water system A Raw water reservoir 1 reservoir capacity 72000 m3 B Raw water treatment plant 2 raw water treatment plant of capacity 1115 m3/hr each C Treated water reservoir 16800 m3 (2 nos.) – Capacity of each D Treated water pumps 1. Cooling water makeup pumps (2 W + 1S) each of 650 m3/hr capacity 2. Service water pumps (1 W + 1S) each of 110 m3/hr capacity 3. DM water plant feed pumps (2 W + 1S) each of 340 m3/hr capacity 4. Fire water pumps (1 W + 1S) each of 200 m3/hr capacity 5. Fire water Jockey pumps (1 W + 1S) each of 5 m3/hr capacity 6. Drinking water pumps (1 W + 1S) each of 40 m3/hr capacity 8. Captive Power Plant (Fuel to CPP is Natural Gas) Total 135 MW power is required for new expansion of refinery. The details as given below:

Power requirement of the new 6 MMTPA refinery shall be met by two nos of STG and grid power. One new STG producing 12 MW of power and one new STG producing 23 MW of power to be installed in the proposed CPP. Additional power requirement for catering to the new refinery to be imported from grid power.

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S No. Description Specification 9. Flare System The flare system consists of two flares for HC and for Sour gas. The flare loads from the new refinery will be connected to a new flare.

The both HC flare system consists of one stack of 72 in. dia and 100 m stack length & sour gas flare system consists of one stack of 24 in. dia and 100 m stack length, Flare system also has one flare headers, one Flare KOD each for HC flare and sour flare system and one fuel gas KOD. 10. Natural Gas system 2.3 MMSCMD of Natural gas will be made available for the new refinery and the same is envisaged as fuel for utility boiler and process units, as required. In case higher quantity of natural gas is required, the same shall be made available by NRL. 11. Steam & Power system The steam shall be produced in the boilers of the steam and power generation system. The fuel to steam and power generation system shall be a Natural Gas. Steam is distributed to the refinery consumers at three levels, viz: HP, MP and LP.

1 Utility boilers Package a) Numbers of Boilers 2W + 1S Capacity of Each Boiler 275 TPH Steam level 106 kg/cm2g, 510 deg.C b) Facilities required: (i) Dearaetor 1 no. (Cap 820 m3/hr) (ii) VHP BFW Pumps: 2W + 1S

Type : Centrifugal Capacity : 250 m3/hr each Head : 1300 m MOC : Casing: 12% Chrome Impeller : 410 SS Power of each pump: 1250 KW Type of drive: 1 pump Steam driven (HP to LP steam extraction), 2 pumps motor driven (iii) HP BFW Pumps: 1W + 1S Type : Centrifugal Capacity : 150 m3/hr each Head : 600 m MOC : Casing: 12% Chrome Impeller : 410 SS Power of each pump: 350 KW Type of drive: 1 pump Steam driven (HP to LP steam extraction), 1 pumps motor driven (iii) MP BFW Pumps: 1W + 1S

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Type : Centrifugal Capacity : 150 m3/hr each Head : 350 m MOC : Casing: 12% Chrome Impeller : 410 SS Power of each pump: 220 KW Type of drive: 1 pump Steam driven (HP to LP steam extraction), 1 pumps motor driven Total Power Requirement ; 135 MW (1 extraction type STG of 22 MW +1 extraction type STG of 13 MW + 2 CPP balance 100 MW from grid power)

2.2.4 DETAILS OF OFF-SITE FACILITIES FOR NREP

Details of additional Crude Storage tanks, finished product storage tanks and Intermediate feed storage tanks are given in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8 Proposed Off-site facilities in NRL Expansion

STORE D TANK TANK

VOLU HEIGHT DIAMETER ROOF OFF-SITE FACILITIES ME CONSIDER CALCULAT TYPE

PER ED ED CLASS

TANK PRODUCT STORAGE CONSID ERED NO. OF TANKS (in m3) (in m) (in m) CRUDE STORAGE Crude Tanks at Floating Refinery 3 32455 14.4 60 A Roof INTERMEDIATE STORAGE Unclassif RUF FEED TANK 1 14328 14.5 40 ied Fixed Roof HCGO from Existing Unclassif Refinery 2 3319 14.5 19 ied Fixed Roof Fixed Roof, Unclassif Nitrogen DCU feed tanks 2 6214 14.5 26 ied Blanketed Internal Floating Roof with Nitrogen NHT feed 2 8125 14.5 30 A Blanketing SR VGO 2 12244 14.5 46 C Fixed Roof Fixed Roof, Nitrogen FCC FEED TANKS 2 15871 14.5 42 C Blanketed

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STORE D TANK TANK

VOLU HEIGHT DIAMETER ROOF OFF-SITE FACILITIES ME CONSIDER CALCULAT PER ED ED TYPE CLASS

TANK PRODUCT STORAGE

CONSID ERED 3 NO. OF TANKS (in m ) (in m) (in m)

DHT feed storage Floating 2 17791 14.5 44 B Roof Mounded Propylene 4 90 7 Bullets PRODUCT STORAGE Mounded LPG 8 90 8 Bullets External Floating Light Slop 2 5000 14.5 21 A Roof Heavy slop 2 5000 14.5 21 B Fixed Roof

2.2.5 SULPHUR BALANCE

Sulphur Recovery Unit (SRU) capacity is estimated by sulphur balance calculation. This section provides the sulphur balance. Sulphur balance for NREP (selected case) is provided in Table 2.9. Table 2.9 Sulphur Balance for 6.0 MMTPA

Qty Sulphur Sulphur in feed Feed (MMTPA) (wt%) (MMTPA) ARAB LIGHT 1.8 1.83 0.03294 ARAB HEAVY 4.2 2.83 0.11886 NATURAL GAS 0.573 0 0 VR FROM EXISTING REFINERY 0.306 0.95 0.00291 HCGO FROM EXISTING 0.109 2.49 0.00272 REFINERY COKER NAPHTHA FROM Existing 0.044 0.73 0.00032 refinery Total Sulphur in feed 0.15775

Qty Sulphur Sulphur in Products (MMTPA) (wt%) product(MMTPA) MIXED LPG'S 0.668 0.009 0.00006 EURO VI REGULAR GASOLINE 1.906 0.001 0.00002

EURO VI DOMESTIC DIESEL 2.952 0.001 0.00003

RUF BTMS 0.57 2.3 0.01311

0.01322 Total sulphur in product

Sulfur Recovered MMTPA 0.144 SRU Capacity TPD 2x230

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Sulphur content in product and fuel is considered as per the specification provided forsulphur against each product & fuel.

• Sulfur Recovery Units has been considered with Tail Gas Treating (TGT) facilities. Total sulphur recovery is 99.9%.

• Based on the above, two trains of sulphur recovery unit of 230 TPD capacity each is required.

Sulphur balance and SO2 emission from existing refinery (3.0 MMTPA refinery) is given below.

From existing refinery (3.0 MMTPA) SO2 emission limit is 256 kg/hr (6.14 TPD) & for new train 6.0 MMTPA limit is 330 kg/hr (7.92 TPD).

Total SO2 emission limit for Post NREP is 586 kg/hr (14.06 TPD).

2.2.6 VAPOR RECOVERY FACILITY-VOC HANDLING UNIT

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are among the most important component emitted from the oil handling units. Due to the significant economic and environmental implications of disposing of VOC’s, much attention is being directed towards pollution-prevention techniques aimed at reducing VOC emissions from oil handling units in ETP in a cost- effective manner.

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Units which are expected to generate VOCs in the Effluent Treatment Plant include the following:

 Inlet collection system (Closed Drains & OWS Sump)  API Separators  TPI Separators  Flash Mixing Tanks  Flocculation Tanks  Dissolved Air Flotation Tanks  Slop Oil Sump  Slop Oil Tanks

Typical VOCs which are expected to be generated from these units include the following:

 Propanone (acetone)  Ammonia  Benzene  Benzotrichloride  Hexane (-n)  Hydrogen Sulfide  Methanethiol (methyl mercaptan)  Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone, MEK)  Oil (decane as surrogate)  Phenol  Toluene  Xylene  Ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan)

The VOC is estimated based on the USEPA model for estimation of VOCs. System design / sizing calculations have been done based on the VOCs estimated from the USEPA model and the breathing losses or displacement losses account for the volume entering the VOC control system or due to volatility of the compound.

The VOC Control System consists of fixed bed carbon adsorption bed, vents, carrying pipes, valves, ID fans, flame arrestors, carbon canisters and a stack to take out harmless air from the system. System is designed for compactness & minimization of operation cost by putting up in the vicinity where VOC emissions are generated.

The major sources for VOC emissions sources have been broken into two Groups. Major polluting source like Inlet sump, API and TPI are grouped together. And other less polluting source like DAF, Flash mixing tank, Flocculation Tank and slop oil tank are grouped separately. More over selection of groups have been done to avoid fluctuations in VOC emissions from each source.

Area of concern of the carbon adsorption system is that a high concentration level of some VOCs may cause the carbon to generate heat on the bed since the adsorption is an exothermic reaction. This heat may eventually build into a fire. Thus, the quantities of VOC’s need to remain below the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) for the VOC compounds. In

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this regard sufficient primary air for operation below 25% LEL is introduced in the VOC collection system.

2.2.7 WATER BALANCE

Raw water shall be made available from the nearby River Dhansiri. Total Raw Water requirement for post NREP is 2508 m3/Hr. Present raw water requirement in existing refinery draws 688 m3/Hr. NRL has submitted application to Govt. of Assam for seeking the necessary permission to draw the additional raw water demand and 2465 m3/Hr is allocated by the Govt. of Assam (reference letter is attached as Annexure – VI).

Table 2.10 shows the allocation of raw water in the additional train.

Table 2.10 Consumption and configuration of Raw Water System for Post NREP

A) Raw water requirement (m3/hr) (with 10% margin) 2508 B) Reservoirs (1 no.)

Cap :M3 72000 C) Treatment plant (2 nos.) Capacity of plant :m3/h reach 1115 D)Treated water reservoir (2 nos.) :

Cap :M3 (Each) 16800

E) Pumps 1. CW Makeup 2w+1s Type : Centrifugal Centrifugal

Capacity: m3/hr (Each) 650

2. Service water 1w+1s Type : Centrifugal Centrifugal Capacity: m3/hr (Each) 110 3. DM water plant Feed 2w+1s

Type : Centrifugal Centrifugal Capacity: m3/hr (Each) 340 4. Firewater 1w+1s Type : Centrifugal

Capacity: m3/hr (Each) 200

5. Firewater jockey pump 1w+1s Type : Centrifugal Capacity: m3/hr (Each) 5

6. Drinking water 1w+1s

Type : Centrifugal Centrifugal Capacity: m3/hr (Each) 40

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Total water requirement for NRL refinery (post-NREP) is 2508 m3/hr. The overall water balance in post-NREP scenario is attached as Fig. 2.2.

Fig. 2.2: Overall Water Balance in Post-NREP

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2.2.8 ENVIRONMENT MITIGATION MEASURES

a) Air Pollution Management System

The atmospheric emissions related to the proposed facilities consist of:

• Point or stack emissions from continuous combustion sources. • Fugitive Emissions from the process and storage units.

 Point or stack emissions

 SO2 and NOx are the main air pollutants from the point source emissions.

 Various steps taken by NRL to monitor and control the emission of SO2 and NOx are summarized below:

 Use of gaseous or liquid fuels in all the furnaces / heaters / boilers to minimize emission of particulate matter.

 Use of low sulfur fuel for minimization of SO2 emission.  Provision of Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) with > 99.9% efficiency to minimize

SO2 emission from the refinery complex.

 Provision of low – NOX burners in heaters / furnaces / boilers to minimize

NOX emission.  Provision of online flue gas monitoring system in all the stacks as per Minimal National Standards (MINAS) for new refineries.  Provision of stack of sufficient height as required by per CPCB’s guidelines for better dispersion of the pollutants attached to all the furnaces / heaters / boilers as well as process units.  All floating roof tanks along with crude oil tanks are provided with primary and secondary seal.  Provision of 04 continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations and 01 Mobile AAQM van for AAQM with in and around refinery premises.  Provision of flares with feature of smoke free operation for the emergency release (combustion / burning) from hydrocarbons of any process unit in case of tripping of unit as an emergency safety devise.

 Fugitive emissions

These fugitive emissions originate from the static and dynamic joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, mixers, valve packing and connection joints to the atmosphere like sampling and relief valves etc. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs, the following measures were taken during design stage:

 Provision of Close – Blow down (CBD) system for all the process units to minimize VOC emission from the operations.

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 Minimum number of flanges, valves etc;  High grade gasket materials for packings;  Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves;  Usage of pumps with (single/double) mechanical seals;  Provision of floating roof storage tanks for volatile products storage;  Provision of better sealing arrangement for floating roof in such storage tanks;  Implementation of VOC treatment unit in the ETP; and  Provision of seals in the manholes.

b) Water Pollution Management System

Numaligarh Refinery Limited is having an Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) with capacity of 202 m3/hr for the treatment of industrial effluent generated. Detailed write-up on existing ETP is attached as Annexure-XIII.

A new Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) with capacity of 300 m3/hr will be envisaged for 6.0 MMTPA refinery expansion. Treated effluent from ETP will be routed to new RO-DM plant for recyle & recovery of water. Approx. 300 m3/hr reject from RO will be disposed in Dhansiri River with a TDS ~ 4000 – 6000 ppm.

The treated effluent is being reused entirely for internal use like fire water make up, Cooling Tower make up and green belt development.

Effluent Treatment and Maintaining discharge standard:

A comprehensive wastewater management system will be made available in the refinery to treat the liquid effluent to meet the discharge standards stipulated by the MoEFCC.

The wastewater management system in the refinery consists of the following:

• Process wastewater treatment • Floor wash and contaminated Rain water treatment • Spent caustic Treatment • Tertiary Treatment Plant • Sanitary Effluent Treatment Plant

The oily effluent streams from process units and tank farm area will be treated in the proposed Process wastewater Treatment Plant. Floor wash and contaminated rainwater will be received through a separate pipeline/channel and will be treated in the separate chain. Different types of Spent Caustic will be collected and treated separately in the refinery.

A separate sanitary wastewater treatment plant consisting of Package unit will also be installed and the treated water will be used for gardening purpose and sludge will be used as manure.

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Liquid Effluent Summary

The liquid effluents are summarized below in the Table 2.11.

Table 2.11 Quality of Liquid Effluents Coming to the ETP

Continuous/ Effluent Estimated Unit Intermittent Stream Quality Process Units PH : 7.5-8.0 BOD @ 20oC: 300 mg/lit COD : 500 mg/lit Suspended Solids : 150 mg/lit Total dissolved solids : 2500 mg/lit Total oil content : 200 mg/lit Free/ Fixed Ammonia : 50 Continuous Brine from desalter mg/lit Cyanides : 3 mg/lit Phenolic compounds : 3 mg/lit H2S : 50 mg/lit Sulfides as S : 5 mg/lit Sodium 1875 mg/lit Calcium 250 mg/l Magnesium 375 mg/l CDU/VDU (Including PH:11-12 LPG treating Unit) BOD @, 20°C:35000 mg/lit COD: 40000 mg/lit Suspended Solids: 200 mg/lit Intermittent Spent Caustic Total Dissolved solid:200000 mg/lit Sulphur: 8000 mg/lit Phenolic Compounds:800 mg/lit Continuous Steam Generator pH: 9-10 blowdown TDS: 1000-6000 mg/l Total Oil Content: 1 mg/l Phosphates: 50 mg/l Si-SiO2: 50 mg/l Alkalinity: 300-400 mg/l KMnO4 Value: <500 mg/l

RUF (Integrated Continuous Neutralising Water : 98 wt% VGO HDT) solution NaOH: 2 wt%

Continuous Steam Generator pH: 9-10 blowdown TDS: 1000-6000 mg/l Total Oil Content: 1 mg/l Phosphates: 50 mg/l Si-SiO2: 50 mg/l Alkalinity: 300-400 mg/l

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Continuous/ Effluent Estimated Unit Intermittent Stream Quality KMnO4 Value: <500 mg/l

Intermittent Steam Generator Same as above Duration : 5 Min blowdown Once per shift Intermittent Suspended solids: 50 mg/l FCC GDS Decoking effluent Total oil content 100 mg/l Intermittent NaCl : 10.7 wt% ISOM Unit (MS (Duration ; 1-2 hrs Spent Caustic NaOH : 2 wt% Block) minutes in a week) HC: Saturated Nacl : 0.53% CCR Continuous Spent caustic NaHCO3 : 0.43% (MS Block) Na ClO: 0.04% NaOH 15wT% LPG Treating Unit Continuous Sulfidic Caustic Sodium Thiosulphate 10 wt% H2S : 50 PPMW SWS Continuous Stripped Water (1) Ammonia : 50 ppmw pH 9.0-10.0 TDS 1000-6000 mg/l Total oil content 1.0 mg/l Steam generation SRU Continuous Phosphates 50 mg/l blow down Si-Sio2 50 mg/l Alkalinity 300-400 mg/l KmnO4 value <500 mg/l pH 9.0-10.0 TDS 1000-6000 mg/l Total oil content 1.0 mg/l Steam generation Continuous Phosphates 50 mg/l blow down Si-Sio2 50 mg/l H2 Unit Alkalinity 300-400 mg/l KmnO4 value <500 mg/l Intermittent Steam generation 4 seconds once a Same as above Blow down shift Intermittent Floor Wash Once a day for 2 water hours Utilities Raw water treatment PH 7.5-8.0 Intermittent Water plant SS mg/l 1500 PH ; 7.5 – 8.5 Blow Suspended solids, mg/lit : 50 Continuous Down NTU Cooling water Dissolved solids, mg/lit : 5000 PH ; 7.5 – 8.5 Intermittent Oil skimming Suspended solids, mg/lit : 100 Oil & Grease, mg/lit : 1000 pH : 9-10 Utility Boiler Continuous Blow down TDS, mg/lit. : 50 Si as SiO2, mg/lit : 1.5 (max)

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Continuous/ Effluent Estimated Unit Intermittent Stream Quality Residual Phosphate, mg/lit : 5- 10 PH : 6.5 – 7.5 DM plant Intermittent Blow down Oil and grease, mg/lit : 10

Suspended solids, mg/lit : 100 pH : 7.0 – 8.0 Flare Continuous Water seal drum Oil: 50-100mg/l HC: 100 mg/l Sanitary waste Continuous Water Offsites Oil content, mg/lit. : 1000 TDS, mg/lit : 5000 BOD, mg/lit. : 200 Intermittent Water draining COD, mg/lit. : 600 12 hrs /day Sulphides, mg/lit. : 1 Phenolic Compounds, mg/lit. : 2 Tank farm area Oil content, mg/lit. : 1000 Suspended Solids, mg/lit : 200 Intermittent BOD, mg/lit. : 200 6 hrs per day, for COD, mg/lit. : 600 Tank cleaning 10-12 days, once in Sulphides, mg/lit. : 5 3 years Phenolic Compounds, mg/lit. : 2 Cyanides, mg/lit. : 2

Notes: (1) During normal operation, sour water shall be generated from hydro processing& non-hydroprocessing units for which SWS I & SWS-II of approximate capacities of 175 m3/hr & 90 m3/hr is provided. A part of stripped sour water will be reused while a portion will be sent to ETP for treatment before further reuse through DM plant.

(2) Spent caustic generated from various process units shall be collected through the separate pipelines and treated within integrated effluent treatment Plant.

(3) Sufficient storage shall be provided for sour water at the SWS area, so that during startup and shutdown sour effluent can be diverted to these storage tanks instead of diverting to integrated effluent treatment plant.

(4) Most of the stripped water from non-hydro processed Sour Water Stripper will be reused as Desalter water make-up water and the stripped water from hydro processed Sour Water Stripper will be reused in hydro processing units. This in- plant control measure will reduce the net wastewater load to the ETP considerably.

(5) Closed blow down system will be incorporated for hydrocarbon liquid discharges in all the process units, which will reduce the wastewater load to ETP both in terms of quantum load and quality. This is another of the in-plant control measures.

(6) Appropriate segregation and collection philosophy (separate sewers for process waste, contaminated rainwater, spent caustic, cooling tower blow down,

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boiler blow down, catalyst regeneration waste, etc. will be incorporated for various effluents depending on individual stream characteristics.

(7) Process area will be paved to avoid contamination of soil/sub-soil/ground water in case of accidental spill/leakage of hydrocarbon liquids.

The various process streams shall be brought to WWTP battery limits separately. Table 2.12 gives the information about the flow rates of various effluents coming into the ETP battery limits.

Table 2.12 Estimated Flow rates of various effluents coming into the ETP battery limits

S. No. Stream Type Estimated Flow Rate (m3/h) 1 Oily Stream From Process & Other 90 (Max. Intermittent) 2 Spentffl Caustic 5-7.5 3 Stripped Sour Water 100 4 De-salter Water (Brine) 70 5 Sanitary Waste 45

Notes: Data considered are preliminarily estimations based on In-House data and will be confirmed during detail design.

Oily Effluent Streams

Oily effluent streams from various parts of the refinery are to be collected & routed to the proposed process wastewater treatment plant/ETP.

Following will be the design conditions for Oily Effluent Streams: • Estimated Design Flow: 90 m3/hr

Table 2.13: Quality of Oily Effluent Parameter Concentration (mg/l) pH 6.0-8.5 Oil 800 – 10000 Total Suspended Solids 200 BOD 400 – 800 COD 700 – 1300 Total Sulfides (as S) 50 – 80 Phenols 100 Ammonia (as NH3 ) 50 Cyanides 5 Total Dissolved Solids 2500

However, Oil handling units will be designed for maximum oil of 10000 ppm, wherein, Free and emulsified portion will be considered at 80% and 20% of total oil, respectively.

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Spent Caustic Streams

Various spent caustic streams from refinery units shall be routed to the proposed WWTP, wherein it is stored within WWTP battery limit before feeding at controlled rate for the treatment of its high sulfide concentration & other contaminants.

Following shall be the design conditions for spent caustic: Estimated Design Flow: 5 m3/hr (normal), 7.5 m3/hr (maximum). The quality of the spent caustic effluent is given below: Table 2.14 Quality of Spent Caustic Stream

Parameter Concentration (mg/l) pH 12-13 Oil & Grease 1200 Total Suspended Solids 100 BOD 5200 COD 15000 Total Sulfides (as S) 10500 Phenols 700 Ammonical Nitrogen 25 Cyanides 15 Total Dissolved Solids 125000

Boiler Blow Down

Boiler blow down will be collected at the WWTP/ETP Battery Limit and will be considered under combined flow to be adopted for Reuse and recycle option.

Cooling Tower Blow down

This stream will also be collected at the WWTP/ETP Battery Limit and will be considered under combined flow to be adopted for Reuse and recycle option

Sanitary Effluent

Sanitary waste from the refinery complex will be routed to a sanitary effluent treatment package unit. The package unit will consist of physical removal of suspended solids and biological treatment for the removal of BOD and COD. This step will be complemented by filtration and adsorption followed by chlorine disinfections before discharging to green belt. 40 m3/hr (Peak / Design) / 15 m3/hr (Avg.) is the estimated design conditions for sanitary effluent streams. Following table gives the quality of the sanitary effluent. Table 2.15 Quality of the Sanitary Effluent

Parameter Concentration (mg/l) BOD 200 COD 400 TSS 200

Sanitary effluent will be treated to meet total suspended solids < 100 mg/l and BOD3,27 < 100 mg/l

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ETP Treated Effluent Characteristics:

Treated effluent from proposed new WWTP/ETP shall meet the quantitative and qualitative limits of parameters stipulated by MoEFCC for Refineries as given below:

Table 2.16 Quality of Treated Effluent Stipulated by MoEFCC Limiting Limiting value value for for quantum

concentratio (kg/1000 T of Averaging S. No. Parameter n (mg/l, crude Period except for processed, pH) except for pH) Parameters to be monitored daily: grab samples for each shift with 8-hours’ interval 1 pH 6.0–8.5 - Grab 2 Oil & Grease 5 2 Grab Parameters to be monitored daily: composite sample (with 8-hours ’interval) for 24- hours flow weighted average 3 BOD3,27 15 6 24-hours 4 COD 125 50 24-hours 5 SS 20 8 24-hours 6 Phenols 0.35 0.14 24-hours 7 Sulphides 0.5 0.2 24-hours 8 CN 0.2 0.08 24-hours Parameters to monitored once in a month: composite sample (with 8-hours’ interval)

Ammonia as N 9 15 6 24-hours 10 TKN 40 16 24-hours 11 P 3 1.2 24-hours 12 Cr (VI) 0.1 0.04 24-hours 13 Total Cr 2.0 0.8 24-hours 14 Pb 0.1 0.04 24-hours 15 Hg 0.01 0.004 24-hours 16 Zn 5.0 2 24-hours 17 Ni 1.0 0.4 24-hours 18 Cu 1.0 0.4 24-hours 19 V 0.2 0.8 24-hours Parameters to monitored once in a month: grab samples for each shift with 8-hours’ 20 Benzene 0.1 0.04 Grab Benzo (a) 21 0.2 0.08 Grab Pyrene

ETP treated effluent shall be treated in a RO based recycle plant. The recycled effluent shall used as DM water and Cooling tower make up. c) Noise Pollution Management System

The overall noise levels in and around the plant area have been kept well within the corresponding allowable limits by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation.

The ambient noise levels conform to the standards prescribed under Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 Rules, and 1989 viz. 75 dBA (day time) and 70 dBA (night time).

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Based on the segregation of noise generating sources there shall be two major categories i.e. Category A for in-plot areas and Category B for off-plot areas. Category A shall be further subdivided as per occupational pattern. The permissible noise levels for 8 hours exposure for Category A shall be as per Table 2.17.

Table 2.17 Noise Level Measurement for Category A

Category Class Type of areas Noise level dB(A) A1 Operational General work Pump, compressors, 85 area turbine Workshop, fabrication 70 shop etc. Inside battery unit roads 80 Restricted High capacity pumps, 90 area compressors Abnormal During emergency and 110 condition plant shutdown A2 Loading/ 60 Unloading A3 Silent Office, 50 medical centre

d) Land Pollution Management System:

For the protection of the land environment, NRL will adopt environmentally sound solid waste management practices based on the philosophy of minimization of generation of solid waste and safe disposal of residual waste.

Bio-remediation of Oily Sludge: Bio remediation process is an in situ biological method to reduce the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) level in the oily sludge to make it suitable for non-hazardous land fill site. Biodegradation is only proven process which is totally harmless for environment. It employs naturally occurring micro-organisms to transform harmful constituents of oily sludge to non-toxic compounds. The oily sludge generated from the effluent treatment plant will be treated in the oily sludge centrifuge provided in the ETP. The cake generated from the centrifuge will be further sent for bioremediation.

There are innumerable strains of microbes which degrade oily sludge through digestion of harm full chemicals and compounds present in that oily sludge into simpler, less toxic or non-toxic compounds. Many species of micro-organisms use petroleum hydrocarbons as food/ energy source, transforming them into harmless compounds consisting mainly of carbon dioxide, water and fatty acids.

Better Handling of Bio-sludge: With the provision of Sequential batch reactor and membrane bio reactor in ETP, BOD removal efficiency has been high which has resulted in lesser amount of bio-sludge generation. Centrifuge; dewater the bio sludge generated from biological process after the sludge thickener.

This has resulted in considerable reduction in volume of sludge generated. The cake generated from the centrifuge is further used as bio manure in the green belt area of the refinery.

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Oil Recovery from Mechanized Skid Process: In order to enhance and expedite oil recovery from oily sludge, latest technology like centrifuge has been employed for maximum recovery of oil from oily sludge and generation of minimum quantity of residual oily sludge.

Tank Bottom Sludge: This sludge is generated periodically during the tank cleaning operations approx 1000 T/ tank. This sludge is generated periodically during the tank cleaning operations. As this sludge is hazardous, after recovery of oil to the maximum extent possible, the residue is disposed through bioremediation/selling to approved recycler.

General solid wastes: Small quantity of non-hazardous, non-recyclable solid waste consisting of waste refractory, spent insulation, used filter cartridges, spent charcoal, spent clay and sand will be generated. These wastes (approx 1500T/ year) will be disposed off in landfill. Most of the solid wastes like packaging and scrap materials have commercial value and will be disposed off by sale.

ETP Sludge: ETP sludge generation will be 25 Tonnes/day and shall be disposed as per CPCB guidelines.

Oily Sludge Handling Facilities:

Following facilities will be given for handling of oily sludge:

In-situ treatment: The oily sludge generated from the effluent treatment plant will be sent for bioremediation or disposed off to secured landfill site.

Disposal Facility: Bioremediation site having proper leachate collection facility will be constructed for disposal of residual sludge after maximum oil recovery.

Spent catalyst Handling: The generation of catalyst is listed below.

Table 2.18 Spent catalyst generation/disposal methods Quantity for SOLID WASTE FREQUENCY DISPOSAL S.No. UNIT NREP (Preliminary) (approx) METHODS (approx.) Kgs Landfill or 1 NHT HDT Catalyst 11200 2 Years treatment Sulphur Guard Bed 4096 6 Months Landfill Spent Catalyst Fines Recycling for from Dust Collector 6.3 Daily Metals Recovery Spent Catalyst From Reactors 35280 5 years Metal recovery 2 CCR Adsorbent From Net Gas Chloride Treaters 11865 6 months Landfill Adsorbent From LPG Chloride Treater 840 4 months Landfill Methanator Reactor Catalyst 4903 3 years Metal recovery Reactor Catalyst 91355 5 year Metal recovery 3 ISOM Sulfur Guard Bed Metal recovery or Sorbent 5703 1-3 years landfill Makeup Gas Treaters Metal recovery or Sorbent 2968 10 months landfill

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Quantity for SOLID WASTE FREQUENCY DISPOSAL S.No. UNIT NREP (Preliminary) (approx) METHODS (approx.) Kgs Makeup Gas Drier Adsorbent 3690 3 years Landfill Feed Drier Adsorbent 17187 3 years Landfill Spent Catalyst from Landfill or 4 DHDT Reactors 606880 3 years treatment Spent Catalyst from Landfill or FCC HDS Reactors 35.16 (m3) 4 Years treatment 5 GDS Spent Catalyst from Landfill or SHU Reactors 25.98 (m3) 4 Years treatment 6 PFCC Spent Catalyst 4182 Daily Landfill To supplier for LC Max spent catalyst 10791 Daily reprocessing 7 RUF Landfill or VGO HDT Catalyst 184805 3 years treatment 8 SRU Carbon 200 3 years Landfill Spent Catalyst from The spent catalysts Pre-Reformer 6635 1 year are non-toxic and Spent Catalyst from can be disposed Reformer 14300 3 years (once per their 9 HGU operating life) as land dump or via Spent Catalyst from 31480 4 years the agencies who Shift reactor deal in spent catalysts handling.

These catalysts have a life of about 4/5 years after which they are either returned to the manufacturers or sold to approve reprocessors. Spent Catalysts are stored in sealed drums with tags. The sealed drums are placed in a specified area under shed and the area will be barricaded.

2.2.9 PROJECT LOCATION FOR PROPOSED EXPANSION

The site for new facilities for Refinery Expansion is located within the premises of the existing Refinery complex of M/s NRL.

Plot Plan Studies

• Plot plan of the existing refinery is updated to accommodate the additional 6 MMTPA refinery train considering location of all new facilities within the existing plot of the refinery.

• Cement go down shown in the existing plot plan will be dismantled and used for other purpose, if required.

• The new flare system will be located close to the existing refinery flare.

• Accommodation of additional Raw water storage under the flare area will be studied.

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• Three crude tanks of 40,000 KL capacity each will be installed for the new train in the refinery plot.

• Existing secured land fill space will not be utilized for locating any new facility.

• Coke yards for the existing and new DCUs will be segregated. New DCU coke yard storage capacity will be for around 21 days of production.

• LPG bullets of new refinery train will be sized to cater to existing refinery requirements also. Accordingly, existing LPG spheres will be dismantled / decommissioned.

• Post office, bank and admin building will be relocated close to the marketing terminal admin building.

• Control room, including requirement of existing will be located near existing MCR area.

• Covered coke yard will not be provided. Raw water reservoir will be covered.

Based on the plot plan evaluation, the following existing facilities will be dismantled or relocated for putting up some of the new facilities. Table 2.19 gives the information about the facilities to be dismantled / relocated for proposed facilities.

Table 2.19 Facilities to be dismantled/relocated for proposed facilities

S. No. Existing Facilities New Facilities 1. Raw water reservoir and PH Proposed Sulphur block 2. Fire water reservoir and PH 3. NRL HSD Consumer pump Proposed DM & CPU location

4. Weigh bridge Proposed Power plant location

5. Solid waste disposal yard Proposed HCU location 6. Incinerator 7. CSS-4 8. Caustic solution tank Proposed RWTP location 9. Bioremediation Unit Proposed CA/IG plant location 10. Sludge Pit 11. Bank & Post office Proposed Cooling Tower location

12. Exchange building storage yard

13. Craft training center

14. Microwave Tower 15. LPG Sphere Proposed DCU location 16. LPG Bullets 17. LPG Truck loading 18. Fire training ground Flare

The Overall plot plan for the proposed Refinery capacity expansion project is attached as Annexure-VII.

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CHAPTER - 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

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3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION

The baseline data forms the basis for predicting/assessing the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The data has been collected around refinery site during the period of February 2019 to April 2019 by M/s Vardan EnviroLab, Gurugram which is MoEFCC approved environmental laboratory. The baseline data for various environmental components related Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Level, Traffic Density and Soil Quality were monitored and collected in an area of 10 km radius from the plant site.

The baseline status of various environmental components collected is described in the following sections.

3.1 LAND USE & LAND COVER

3.1.1. Land use studies

Studies on land use aspects of the ecosystem play important role in identifying the involved sensitive issues, which would guide in taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological integrity in view of the proposed developments in the region. The whole land use land cover map along with other themetic maps were prepared by Remote Sensing Application Centre, a wing of ASTE council, Bigyan Bhawan, G S Road, Guwahati.

3.1.2. Objectives of the Land Use study

The main objectives of land use studies are: • Establishing the existing land use pattern in the study area; • Analyzing the impacts of the proposed NRL expansion on the land use pattern of the study area; and • Making recommendations for optimization of the future land use pattern in the study area in view of the proposed NRL expansion and its allied activities and their associated impacts.

The land use pattern in the study area has also been established through the interpretation of the Satellite Imagery.

3.1.3. Interpretation of satellite imagery

In addition to the establishment of land use pattern based on the review of secondary data, the land use pattern in study area and its buffer zones covered within a radius of 10 km from the proposed plant has been established through interpretation of satellite imageries and by means of preparation of land use/land cover map.

3.1.4. Methodology

The land use/land cover map has been prepared based on the National Land Use Classification System.

IRS-P5 Geo-Coded Linear Imaging Self Scanner (LISS) III False Colour Composite (FCC) imagery on 1:50000 scale has been used for mapping and interpretation. Besides the satellite imagery, other collateral data such as available maps, charts, Survey of India (SOI) topographical sheets have been used. In the post-interpretation stage extensive ground truthing has been conducted for verification of the interpreted features and for the fine- tuning of the interpreted features.

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The methodology adopted for preparation of land use/land cover thematic map is based on the visual interpretation of geo-coded scenes of IRS-P5 LISS III satellite data and the ground truthing in the study area. The final output of the study is the land use/land cover map. Different color codes for each category as shown in the map have been assigned. The land use land cover map surrounding 10 km radius from the refinery is given in Figure 3.1.

Figure - 3.1 Land use land cover map within 10 km radius of NRL

3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

3.2.1 Micrometeorological Data

To record the prevailing meteorological conditions at the site, a meteorological observatory was set up at a height 10m above the ground level at the NRL project site. Both primary and secondary data were collected for this project and compared to understand the micrometeorological conditions prevailing in the project area. This is described in the subsequent sections.

3.2.1.1 Primary Data (Data generated near NRL Refinery)

An automatic weather station was installed at a height of 10 m at NRL. Hourly observations were recorded for temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall. The data collected are depicted in the form of ‘wind roses’ (Figure 3.2). From ENE followed by NE with an avg. speed of 2.80 m/s. The minimum and maximum temperature recorded during the study period was 11.9 °C and 36.5 °C respectively. (Refer Table-3.1).

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Table 3.1: Summarised Primary Meteorological Data

(Period: February 2019 to April 2019)

Avg.Wind 0 Temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Total RF Month Speed (mm) (mps) Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg. February 2.77 11.9 27 19.6 26 99 61.97 45.18 March 2.8 12.5 33.3 22.69 24 99 56.13 69.2 April 2.53 18 36.5 26.12 28 100 59.75 135.99

3.2.1.2 Meteorological data generated in the field

Figure 3.2: Primary Data-Wind Rose

3.2.1.3 Secondary Data (IMD, Assam (Dibrugarh))

Secondary data collected from IMD, Assam (Dibrugarh station) provided the following details. The monthly mean maximum temperature was recorded 29.550C and the monthly mean minimum temperature was recorded 16.5oC. Maximum temperature was recorded in the month of August, July, whereas minimum in the month of January. The monthly mean maximum and minimum humidity levels were recorded 88% and 66 % respectively. Maximum humidity levels were recorded in the month of July, August and September and minimum humidity levels were recorded in the months of February and March. Maximum annual rainfall was 410.5 mm observed in the month of July (Refer Table 3.2).

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Table 3.2: Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data

0 Temperature ( C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall Month Max. Min. Avg. Min. Max. (mm) January 26.8 6.2 16.5 74 81 27.8 February 28.8 8.9 18.85 68 77 63 March 31.6 12.4 22 66 73 117.5 April 33.1 15.7 24.4 71 76 232.9 May 35.1 18.5 26.8 73 79 307.2 June 36 22 29 78 85 408.5 July 35.8 22.9 29.35 80 88 525 August 36 23.1 29.55 78 86 410.5 September 35.3 21.9 28.6 82 85 351.5 October 33.9 17.1 25.5 77 83 127.1 November 31.1 11.5 21.3 72 81 21.5 December 27.5 7.3 17.4 77 78 16.4 Total 2609 Source: IMD, Assam (Dibrugarh)

Fig. 3.3 Month wise Temperature (oC)

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Fig. 3.4 Month wise Humidity (%)

3.2.2 Selection of AAQ Stations

Ambient Air Quality stations were selected based on the following considerations. • Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale. • Topography of the study area. • Representation of regional background levels. • Representation of plant site. • Representation of cross sectional distribution in the downward direction. • Influence of the existing sources if any, are to be kept at minimum. • Inclusion of major distinct villages to collect the baseline status.

The locations and list of monitoring locations selected for baseline data collection in study area are given in Figure. 3.5 and Table 3.3 respectively. The results of various parameters collected and analyzed at all the monitoring at 8 locations are given in Tables 3.6 to 3.12.

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Project Site

Fig.3.5: Map showing Air monitoring locations in study area of 10 km radius

Table 3.3: List of monitoring locations in study area

Code Location Name Distance (km) Direction A1 Near NRL Bio-Refinary 0.30 E A2 Near Telgram 1.81 SW A3 Near Intake 1.60 NE A4 Near Bishnupur 1.40 SW No.2 Rongbong A5 2.61 W (Near Pankha Gaon) A6 Near Pura Bangla 5.00 SE A7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 7.77 SE A8 Near Sankala Gaon 6.70 NE

3.2.3 AAQ status

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, C6H6, NH3, O3, HC and VOC were selected parameters for the Baseline study. Parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2and NH3 were analyzed on 24 hourly basis, whereas CO and O3 on 8 hourly basis. Sampling was carried twice a week during 12 weeks study period. All the sampling sites are monitored at a height ranging from 3-5 m and free from any obstructions. The methodology used for analysis of various parameters is given below in Table 3.4:

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Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality – Methodology

Pollutants Method of analysis Gravimetric Method by using Repairable

PM10 Particulate Matter particulate matter sampler “Repairable Dust Sampler” (RDS).

Dust Cyclonic Method by using Fine particulate PM Particulate Matter 2.5 sampler. Absorption in diluted NaOH and then estimated calorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N (I- NO Nitrous Oxide 2 Nepthyle) Ethylene diamineDihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (IS: 5182 1975, Part-VI). Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloromercurate followed by Colorimetric estimation using P- SO Sulfur Dioxide 2 Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS:

5182 Part – II, 2001). CO Carbon monoxide GC method-IS 5182 (Part 10) :1999 Gases

C6H6 Benzene GC method-IS 5182 (Part 11) :2006

NH3 Ammonia Indo Phenol Blue Method-IS 11255 (Part 6)

O3 Ozone Colorimetric Method-IS 5182 (Part 9) HC Hydrocarbons GC Method-IS 5182 (Part 17) VOC Volatile Organic Compounds GC Method – EPA 21 PID

Table 3.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

S. No. Parameter NAAQS*

3 1 Particulate Matter (PM2.5), µg/m 60 3 2 Particulate Matter (PM10), µg/m 100

3 3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx), µg/m 80 3 4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), µg/m 80 5 Carbon monoxide (CO),mg/m3 2 3 6 Benzene (C6H6),µg/m 5 3 7 Ammonia(NH3),µg/m 400 3 8 Ozone (O3),µg/m 180 9 Hydrocarbons(HC), µg/m3 NS** 10 3 NS** Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC),µg/m

*NAAQS –National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Schedule-VII, [Rule 3(3B)], [Part-II-sec (i)] 18.11.2009. **NS-Not Specified

3.2.4 Results and Discussions

Various statistical parameters like minimum, maximum, Average and 98th percentile concentrations have been computed from the data generated during sampling period at all the sampling stations (Refer Tables 3.6 to 3.12).

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PM10 (Particulate Matter)

The 98th percentile concentrations of PM10 ranging from 65.86 to 95.16 µg/m3 (Table 3.6). Minimum concentration is recorded at Near Pura Bangla (55.6 µg/m3). Maximum concentration is found at Near Telgram (82.6 µg/m3).

Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

3 Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM10) (µg/m )

S.No. Location Min. Max. Avg. 98th Percentile

1 Near NRL BIO Refinary 55.8 65.9 62.0 65.86 2 Near Telgram 71.2 82.6 77.2 82.19 3 Near Intake 61.8 80.2 71.0 79.90 4 Near Bishnupur 61.8 82.6 72.6 81.64 No.2Rongbong (Near 5 PankhaGaon) 60.4 70.1 66.6 70.10 6 Near Pura Bangla 55.6 68 61.6 67.86 7 Near NumaligarhDhaba 74.1 96 83.6 95.16 8 Near SankalaGaon 72.6 82.3 78.2 82.20

PM2.5 (Particulate Matter)

th 3 The 98 percentile concentration of PM2.5 ranges from 30.1 to 51.164 µg/m (Table 3.7). Minimum concentration is recorded at No.2 Rongbong (Near Pankha Gaon) (22.6 µg/m3). Maximum concentration is found at Near NumaligarhDhaba (51.5 µg/m3). The 3 concentration of PM2.5is found to be fairly below the NAAQS limit of PM2.5 (60 µg/m 24 hourly) at all locations.

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

3 Name of the pollutant: Particulate Matter (PM2.5) (µg/m )

S.No. Location Min. Max. Avg. 98th Percentile

1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 24.7 30.1 27.2 30.1 2 Near Telgram 34.8 47.7 40.6 46.9 3 Near Intake 30.1 46.9 38.9 46.4 4 Near Bishnupur 32.1 47.5 39.5 47.068 No.2 Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha Gaon) 22.6 35 29.8 35 6 Near Pura Bangla 24.5 32 28.2 31.868 7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 37.6 51.5 44.8 51.164 8 Near Sankala Gaon 38.7 46.3 42.0 45.652

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Figure.3.6: Graphical Representation of PM10 & PM2.5

SO2 (Sulphur Dioxide)

The 98th percentile concentration of SO2 ranges from 12.0 to 19.4 µg/m3(Table 3.8). Minimum concentration was recorded at Rongbong (7.3 µg/m3). Maximum concentration of 19.8 µg/m3 is found Near NumaligarhDhaba. All the maximum results monitored at 8 sampling stations were found to be below NAAQS. (80 µg/m324 hourly).

Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

3 Name of the pollutant: Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (µg/m )

S. th Location Min. Max. Avg. 98 Percentile No. 1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 9.6 16.2 12.1 16.1 2 Near Telgram 10.5 14.7 12.4 14.7 3 Near Intake 9.7 14.2 12.2 14.2 4 Near Bishnupur 9.6 13.6 11.8 13.552 No.2 Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha Gaon) 7.3 12 9.8 12.0 6 Near Pura Bangla 9.5 18.7 13.9 18.7 7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 9.8 19.8 13.6 19.4 8 Near Sankala Gaon 10.6 18.7 13.6 18.148

NO2 (Oxides of Nitrogen)

The 98th percentile concentration of NO2 ranges from 20.1 to 33.3 µg/m3 (Table 3.9). Minimum concentration is recorded at Rongbong (14.1 µg/m3). Maximum concentration is found at Near Intake (33.4 µg/m3). The concentration of NO2 is found to be well within the NAAQS limits (80 µg/m324 hourly) at all monitoring locations.

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Table 3.9: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

3 Name of the pollutant: Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) (µg/m )

S. th Location Min. Max. Avg. 98 Percentile No.

1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 19.8 27.2 24.1 27.1 2 Near Telgram 20.4 28.4 24.9 28.2 3 Near Intake 20.9 33.4 26.9 33.3 4 Near Bishnupur 22.3 29.5 25.7 29.31 No.2 Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha Gaon) 14.1 20.1 17.7 20.1 6 Near Pura Bangla 16.3 24.1 20.5 24.1 7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 20.1 29.6 24.5 29.07 8 Near Sankala Gaon 21.4 29.3 25.6 29.1

Figure.3.7: Graphical Representation of SO2 & NO2

CO (Carbon Monoxide) The 98th percentile concentration of CO ranges from 0.83 to 0.91 mg/m3 (Table 3.10). Minimum concentration is recorded near Intake (0.65 mg/m3). Maximum concentration is found at Near NumaligarhDhaba and Near SankalaGaon (0.92mg/m3). The concentration of CO is found to be well within the NAAQS limits (2 mg/m3 8 hourly).

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Table 3.10: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Name of the pollutant: Carbon Monoxide (CO) (mg/m3)

S. th Location Min. Max. Avg. 98 Percentile No.

1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 0.67 0.84 0.75 0.84 2 Near Telgram 0.72 0.83 0.78 0.83 3 Near Intake 0.65 0.89 0.75 0.88 4 Near Bishnupur 0.67 0.86 0.75 0.85 No.2. Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha Gaon) 0.72 0.86 0.78 0.86 6 Near Pura Bangla 0.7 0.9 0.78 0.89 7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 0.7 0.92 0.77 0.91 8 Near Sankala Gaon 0.7 0.92 0.78 0.90

Figure.3.8: Graphical Representation of CO

Hydrocarbons

The HC value for all location is below detection limit. The HC values at other locations were found to be below detectable limit which is 0.05 µg/m3.

Benzene

The value of C6H6 remains less than 0.1µg/m³ at all locations in the monitoring period.

VOC

The value of VOC is Below Detection Limit which is 0.5 µg/m3.

NH3 (Ammonia)

The 98th percentile concentration of NH3 ranges from 29.204 to 35.892 µg/m³. Minimum concentration was recorded Project Site Near Telgram with the concentration of 15.9

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Table 3.11: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Name of the pollutant: Ammonia (µg/m³)

S. th Location Min. Max. Avg. 98 Percentile No. 1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 17.5 37.5 25.8 35.892 2 Near Telgram 15.9 30.5 23.56923 30.044 3 Near Intake 18.4 35.6 26.33077 35.096 4 Near Bishnupur 24.7 32.5 29.28462 32.476 No.2 Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha Gaon) 19.2 34.3 25.13846 33.052 6 Near Pura Bangla 17.6 29.3 24.21538 29.204 7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 17.5 31.5 25.11538 30.972 8 Near Sankala Gaon 23.9 32.3 29.08462 32.084

Figure.3.9: Graphical Representation of Ammonia

Ozone (O3)

The 98th percentile concentration of Ozone ranges from 30.56 to 37.356 µg/m³. Minimum concentration was recorded Project Site at Near NRL BIO Refinary with the concentration of 16.9 µg/m³, whereas maximum concentration was recorded at Near Intake with the concentrations of 37.5 µg/m3. (Table 3.12).

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Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Name of the pollutant: O3 (µg/m³)

S. th Location Min. Max. Avg. 98 Percentile No. 1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 16.9 35.6 25.68462 34.352 2 Near Telgram 22.9 36.8 28.04615 36.296 3 Near Intake 24.7 37.5 31.15385 37.356 4 Near Bishnupur 20.5 32.5 26.30769 31.996 No.2 Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha Gaon) 23.8 35.8 28.83846 34.84 6 Near Pura Bangla 16.9 36.3 26.98462 35.076 7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 23.9 34.7 28.46923 34.268 8 Near Sankala Gaon 21.9 30.8 26.58462 30.56

Figure.3.10: Graphical Representation of Ozone

3.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise may be defined as “undesired type of sound which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency ranges”. Construction and plant operations, vehicular traffic, aircraft, population growth and urbanization etc., are the general objectionable noises in terms of health or annoyance. The concern about noise is directly related to its negative impacts upon human and animals viz., permanent or temporary hearing loss, speech interference and health impacts, harm to animals, effect on productivity of domestic animals, vibration of walls and windows etc., A determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated noise levels for each alternative during both construction and operational phases. Predicted noise levels are compared with applicable standards or criteria in order to assess the impact.

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The impact of noise sources on surroundings community depends on:

A characteristic of the noise sources includes instantaneous, intermittent and continuous ones. It is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying one that is continuously varying in loudness.The time of day at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of noise exposure.

3.3.1 Impact Assessment of Noise Environment

Total 8 locations were identified in the study area for noise measurement keeping in view the various local activities such as residential, commercial, sensitive and industrial activities. 24 hourly noise measurements were study period from 06:00 AM to 06:00AM.

Project Site

Figure.3.11: Map showing Noise monitoring locations in study area of 10 km radius

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Table 3.13: List of Monitoring Locations in Study Area

Code Location Name Distance (km) Direction N1 Near NRL Bio-refinery 0.30 E N2 Near Telgram 1.81 SW N3 Near Intake 1.6 NE N4 Near Bishnupur 1.4 SW N5 No.2 Rongbong 2.61 W (Near Pankha Gaon) N6 Near Pura Bangla 5.00 SE N7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 7.77 SE N8 Near Sankala Gaon 6.70 NE

3.3.2 Methodology of Noise measurement

For Noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time as certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of noise level are given below:

• L10 is the noise level exceeded 10% of the time • L50 is the noise level exceeded 50% of the time and • L90 is the noise level exceeded 90% of the time • Equivalent sound pressure level (leq The leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation

2 Leq=l50+ (l10–l90) /60

Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm). Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am).A noise rating developed by environment protection agency, usepa for specification of community noise from all the sources is day-night sound level, (ldn).

Hourly noise recorded data and lday values (16 hours) lnight (8 hours) and ldn (24 hours) are computed and tabulated.

Day–night sound levels (ldn):

The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) A 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.This is time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night when people usually sleep is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the daytime.

The Ldnfor a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq by the following equation. Ld/10 (Ln + 10)/10 Ldn = 10 log {1/24 [16(10 ) + 8 (10 )]}

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Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).

Table 3.14 Noise Limits

Area Limits in dB(A)Leq Category of Area/Zone Code Day Time Night Time (A) Industrial Area 75 70 (B) Commercial Area 65 55 (C) Residential Area 55 45 (D) Silence Zone 50 40

3.3.3 Results and Discussions

Noise levels during night time (Lnight.) ranges from 39.10 to 48.10dB (A).Noise levels during day time (Lday.) ranges from 48.76 to 55.10 dB (A).

Table 3.15: 24 Hourly Noise data (Day and Night timings in LeqdB (A))

Code Lday Lnight N1 54.10 48.10 N2 53.49 42.54 N3 53.1 42.1 N4 51.48 43.13 N5 53.10 42.10 N6 48.76 39.10 N7 54.80 44.80 N8 55.10 40.30

Code Location Code Location N1 Near NRL BIO Refinery N5 No.2 Rongbong (Near Pankha Gaon) N2 Near Telgram N6 Near Pura Bangla N3 Near Intake N7 Near Numaligarh Dhaba N4 Near Bishnupur N8 Near Sankala Gaon

Traffic Density Report (NRL)

Hourly traffic measurements were made at 8 locations in study area twice in one month in 12 week study period. The number of each type of vehicles (passenger cars, LMV, HMV, etc) were recorded and the traffic density has been expressed in terms of Passenger Car Units (PCU) in the Table below. It has been observed that traffic volume is higher at Telgaram.

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Figure 3.12 : Map Showing Traffic locations

Table 3.16: List of monitoring locations in study area

Code Location Name Distance (Km) Direction T1 Telgaram 0.82 WSW T2 Dekhiajan Putta 3.6 ESE T3 Near No.1 Pakka Gaon 1.6 SW T4 Numaligarh Grant Bagicha 8.6 NW T5 Chankala Bin Gaon 5.0 N T6 Near Behora 9.5 NW T7 Near Kamar Gaon 7.8 N T8 Near Pura Bangla 4.8 SE

Equivalent value of PCU:

Heavy Motor Vehicles (HMV) – 1 HMV = 3 PCU Low Motor Vehicles (LMV) _ 1 LMV = 1 PCU Two wheelers (TW) -- 1 TW = 1 PCU

Table 3.17: Traffic data (Twice in a month during 3 months study period)

Average (PCU) / day February 2019 March 2019 April 2019 Code First Second Second Second First Time First Time Time Time Time Time T1 1367 1376 1491 1589 1464 1428

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3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water of high quality is essential to human life, and water of acceptable quality is essential for agricultural, industrial, domestic and commercial uses; in addition, most recreation is water based; therefore, major activities having potential effects on surface water are certain to be of appreciable concern to the consumers.

Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining ‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of this report is to define the present environment in which the proposed action is to occur, to evaluate all possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized, and to demonstrate that proposed project has been appropriately announced to all interested parties so that their concerns can be considered.

3.4.1 Sample collection and Methodology of analysis

The water resource in the study area may be classified into two major categories. viz. surface and groundwater sources.

Water samples were collected at total 16 locations, out of which 8 samples from ground water sources and 8 samples from surface sources, for physico-chemical and biological studies. All the samples were analyzed for parameters such as hardness, alkalinity, salts, conductivity, inorganic substance, heavy metals, coliforms etc. Parameters like pH, conductivity, temperature and DO were analyzed at the time of collection in the field.

These parameters were analyzed as per the procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA). Ground water samples results were compared with IS: 10500 specification and surface water samples results were compared with CPCB Water Quality Criteria,

All the locations of water monitoring are shown in Fig. 3.13 and are detailed in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18: Water Sampling Locations in Study Area

Code Name of the location Ground / Surface Ground Water GW1 Near Project Site Ground GW2 Bishnupur Ground GW3 No. 2 Rong Bong Ground GW4 NumaligarhDhaba Ground GW5 Lattakanjang Ground GW6 Near Telgram Ground

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Method of Water Sampling

The following precautions were taken while sampling:

Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling. Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same water. For surface water, Bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water surface. At each point Different sets of water samples were collected so as to cover all the parameters. Meticulous attention is taken in proper numbering at the site. Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria. Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological analysis. Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field conditions. There are specific instruments for measuring EC and pH in the field. These are portable. These instruments will be calibrated at laboratory before use.

The results were reconfirmed after getting to the laboratory. DO is fixed and titrated in the field itself:

Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed and marked accordingly (IS-10500-2012, APHA). All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the laboratory and free zed at <5oC analysis. Field observations were noted in the field notebook.

The methods used for analysis of water samples are provided below in Table 3.19.

Table 3.19: Methods of Analysis of Water Samples

Detection Instrument Parameters Instruments Used IS Method limit Method Physico-chemical IS 3025 (part- pH 1 pH meter pH electrode 11) Electrical Field Method Tracer IS 3025 (part- 1µmhos/cm Conductivity Laboratory method Conductivity meter 14) 0 APHA, page Temperature 1 C Tracer Thermometer 25-26 Turbidity 1NTU Nephelometric Turbidity meter IS 3025 (part-

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IS 3025 (part- Lead 0.05mg/l 47) IS 3025 (part- Zinc 0.01mg/l 49) Chromium 0.1mg/l APHA Total U.V.Spectrophoto IS 3025 (part- 0.1 mg/l Spectrophotometer Phosphates metric 31) U.V.Spectrophoto IS 3025 (part- Phosphorus 0.01 mg/l Spectrophotometer metric 31) Dissolved IS 3025 (part- 0.1mg/l Winkler's method Burettes Oxygen 38) Open reflux COD 4 mgO /l COD digester APHA 2 method Dilution & DO by IS 3025 (part- BOD , mg/l 1mgO /l BOD bottles 5 2 Winkler's 44) Bacteriological Total 3MPN/100ml MPN method Microscope APHA Coliforms

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Project Site

Figure.3.13: Map Showing Ground and Sub-Surface Water Sampling Locations

Table 3.20: List of Monitoring Locations in Study Area

Codes Locations Distance (km) Direction GW1 Near Project Site 0.90 NE GW2 Bishnupur 2.02 SW GW3 No. 2 Rong Bong 2.49 SW GW4 Numaligarh Dhaba 9.59 NW GW5 Lattakanjang 1.72 NE GW6 Near Telgram 0.62 SE GW7 Near Sankala Gaon 3.70 NE GW8 Near Pura Bangla 3.82 SE SW1 Intake Point 2.03 NE SW2 Surface water (Kalyani River) 3.19 NE SW3 No. 2 Rong Bong 2.45 SW SW4 Numaligarh Refinery Town 7.88 NE SW5 Storm water NRL 2.66 NE SW6 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 7.96 NE SW7 Telegram 0.61 SE SW8 Bishnupur 1.35 SE

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3.4.2 Results & Discussion

3.4.2.1 Ground water Quality

Total of 8 ground water samples were collected.

pH values are ranging from 7.21 to 7.92, which was found to be well within the IS :10500 limits. Hardness values are ranging from 31.04 to 194 mg/l. Results are well within the permissible limits.Chlorides concentrations are ranging from 24.88 to 95.71 mg/l. It was observed that maximum all the locations of ground water is slightly saline in nature.

Sulphates concentration was observed in the range of 0.29 to 34.16 mg/l. Maximum sulphate concentration was observed at Gram Panchayat Chowk (Bore Well), which is well within the desirable limits (200 mg/l).

Total dissolved solids observed between 86 and 325.94 mg/l. Maximum TDS was observed at Village- Waveghar (Bore Well).TDS values for all the ground water samples were within the permissible limits (2000 mg/l).All the heavy metals concentrations were found to be well within 10500 limits.

Surface water Quality

Eight surface water samples were collected; water samples are falls under the B category as per CPCB water quality criteria.

Water quality criteria for surface water are given in Table 3.21 below:

Table 3.21: Water Quality Criteria for Surface Waters Designated-Best-Use Class Criteria Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall Drinking Water Source be 50 or less without conventional pH between 6.5 and 8.5 A treatment but after Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg/l or more disinfection Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2 mg/l or less

Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall

be 500 or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Outdoor bathing B Dissolved Oxygen 5 mg/l or more (Organized) Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C

3 mg/l or less

Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall Drinking water source be 5000 or less pH between 6 to 9 after conventional C Dissolved Oxygen 4 mg/l or more treatment and Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C disinfection 3 mg/l or less

pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4 Propagation of Wild life D mg/l or more and Fisheries Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less

pH between 6.0 to 8.5 Irrigation, Industrial Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro Cooling, Controlled E mhos/cm Max.2250 Waste disposal Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 Boron Max. 2 mg/l Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

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All the results of analysis of Ground Water are detailed below in Table 3.22.

Table 3.22: Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water

IS 10500 Ground Water Parame Units ter Desirabl Permissi GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 e ble Tempera 0 C 18.50 19.20 18.50 18.70 19.70 19.00 18.10 18.70 18.50 19.20 ture pH (at 25 6.5 to 8.5 No -- 7.24 7.21 7.41 7.53 7.92 7.20 7.28 7.39 Relaxatio 0C) n *BDL (**DL *BDL *BDL *BDL 25.8 *BDL *BDL *BDL 5 15 (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL Colour Hazen 5Hazen) (**DL 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) *BDL (**DL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 1 5 (**DL 0. (**DL 0. 1 (**DL 0. (**DL 0. (**DL 0. (**DL 0. Turbidity NTU 0. 1 NTU) (**DL 0. 1 1 NTU) NTU) 1 NTU) 1 NTU) 1 NTU) 1 NTU) NTU) Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeab Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Odour -- Agreeable <5.0 Agreeable e le le e e e Taste -- Agreeable Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeab 182.36 Agreeable Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl e le le e e e Total

Hardnes mg/l 165.00 176.20 173.40 184.63 77.75 171.33 170.10 169.20 200 600 s as

CaCO3 Calcium 38.04 24.68 42.60 41.66 156.80 28.15 26.88 40.25 75 200 mg/l as Ca Alkalinity 128.97 150.65 138.41 95.71 124.71 129.28 200 600 mg/l 157.12 134.54 as CaCO3 Chloride 48.00 46.50 64.30 58.70 2.83 44.04 56.57 59.30 250 1000 mg/l as Cl *BDL(** BDL(DL *BDL(**D *BDL(** 328.00 *BDL(** BDL(DL *BDL(** 0.05 No #Cyanide 0.02 L 0.02 DL 0.02 0.02 DL 0.02 Relaxatio mg/l DL 0.02 DL 0.02 as CN mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) n mg/l) mg/l) Total mg/l 2.0 1.8 1.24 2.70 2.30 1.04 1.00 0.02 20 Phospha 1.10 te Phospho mg/l 15.72 18.40 21.46 15.20 22.47 18.74 22.60 28.00 0.2 50 rus

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IS 10500 Ground Water Parame Units ter Desirabl Permissi GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 e ble Nickel mg/l 0.36 0.43 0.61 0.45 0.74 0.31 0.48 0.40 0.06 50 mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.01 No Lead as Relaxatio Pb n Magnesi 27.85 16.30 19.61 28.6 28.63 17.30 30 100 um as mg/l 17.03 18.45 Mg Total 279.54 325.94 286.50 3.3 244.54 329.99 500 2000 Dissolve mg/l 325.68 311.34 d Solids Sulphate 26.90 21.65 34.16 26.38 0.29 29.97 26.00 30.18 200 400 mg/l as SO4 Fluoride 0.46 0.64 0.46 0.38 0.07 0.45 0.56 0.39 1.0 1.5 mg/l as F Nitrate 8.50 9.50 7.50 9.08 7.55 8.75 45 No mg/l 4.50 6.56 Relaxatio as NO 3 n Iron as 0.26 0.28 0.18 0.22 1.04 0.55 0.43 0.34 0.3 No mg/l relaxatio Fe n *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** 0.20 *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.03 0.2 #Alumini DL 0.03 L 0.03 DL 0.03 DL 0.03 DL 0.03 mg/l DL 0.03 DL 0.03 um as Al mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.5 1 *BDL(**DL DL 0.001 L 0.1 DL 0.1 DL 0.1 DL DL 0.1 Boron mg/l L 0.1 0.1 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) Total *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.05 No *BDL(**DL DL L 0.03 DL 0.03 DL 0.03 DL DL 0.03 Relaxatio Chromiu mg/l L 0.03 0.03 mg/l) 0.01mg/l mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) 0.01mg mg/l) n m as Cr ) mg/l) /l) Conducti µS/c 540 470 541 480 345.00 540 470 541 -- -- m vity Phenolic mg/l *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.001 0.002 DL 0.03 L 0.001 DL DL 0.001 DL 0.03 DL 0.001 Compou 0.001 L 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) nds mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.5 No DL 0.06 L DL DL DL 0.06 DL Relaxatio #Miner 0.01mg/l) L al Oil mg/l) 0.01mg/l) 0.01mg 0.01mg/l mg/l) 0.01mg/l n /l) ) 0.01mg/l) )

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IS 10500 Ground Water Parame Units ter Desirabl Permissi GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 e ble Anionic mg/l *BDL(**DL *BDL *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL *BDL(** 0.2 1.0 Deterge L 0.02 DL 0.02 DL 0.02 DL 0.02 0.02 mg/l) L 0.02 nts as mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) MBAS mg/l)

Zinc as mg/l 0.58 *BDL 0.67 0.57 0.43 *BDL 0.54 0.61 5 15 Zn

Copper mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.05 1.5 DL 0.03 DL 0.01 L 0.03 DL 0.03 DL 0.03 DL 0.03 DL 0.01 DL 0.03 as Cu mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) Mangan mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.1 0.3 DL 0.01 L 0.06 DL 0.06 DL 0.06 DL 0.01 DL 0.06 ese as DL 0.06 DL 0.06 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) Mn mg/l) mg/l) mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.003 No Cadmiu *BDL (**DL *BDL Relaxatio m as Cd 0.001 n mg/l) Lead as mg/l <2 *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.01 No *BDL *BDL Relaxatio Pb n mg/l Absent *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.01 No #Seleniu *BDL(**DL L 0.01 DL 0.01 DL 0.01 DL 0.01 DL 0.01 Relaxatio L 0.01 m as Se 0.01 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) n mg/l) mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** *BDL(** 0.01 0.05 #Arseni DL 0.001 L 0.01 DL 0.01 DL 0.01 DL DL 0.01 DL 0.01 DL 0.01 c as As mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l *BDL(** *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL(** *BDL 0.001 No DL (**DL (**DL (**DL DL (**DL Relaxatio #Mercur *BDL (**DL (**DL 0.01mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.01mg 0.001 n y as Hg 0.001 mg/l) ) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) 0.001 /l) mg/l) mg/l) Total MPN/1 <2 *BDL(** <2 <2 <2 <2 *BDL(** *BDL(** Shall not be DL 0.02 DL 0.02 DL 0.02 detectable in any Coliform 00ml mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) E. Coli Absent 0.46 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 100 ml sample

BDL: Below Detectable Limit

Codes Locations GW1 Near Project Site GW2 Bishnupur GW3 No. 2 Rong Bong GW4 NumaligarhDhaba

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Table 3.23: Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Surface Water

Surface Water Unit

Parameter SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 Temperat 0C 17.10 16.80 16.30 16.90 16.80 17.00 16.50 16.60 ure pH (at 25 -- 7.24 7.50 7.36 7.28 7.46 7.45 7.23 7.54 0C) Ha *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL Colour zen (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL (**DL 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) 5Hazen) Turbidity NTU 20.00 15.00 20.00 20 10 20.00 20 10

Odour -- Agreeab Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeable Agreeable Agreeab Agreeable Agreeable le e e le Total mg/l 146.38 156.82 154.32 156.46 205.60 154.87 176.76 187.60 Hardness as

CaCO3 Calcium mg/l 21.50 24.90 31.50 32.20 42.16 27.50 34.20 33.16 as Ca Alkalinity mg/l 122.98 132.40 128.90 131.06 138.40 121.40 132.02 134.45 as

CaCO3 Chloride mg/l 28.63 33.84 38.94 42.30 45.26 35.53 41.31 38.28 as Cl Total mg/l 1.16 2.13 2.60 3.42 2.13 1.00 1.09

Phosphat 0.98 e Phosphor mg/l 10.45 12.45 14.92 18.70 13.46 19.00 21.00 8.23 us

Nickel mg/l 1.04 1.20 0.94 1.05 1.45 1.18 0.92 0.86 Lead mg/l 0.38 0.62 0.42 0.33 0.42 0.60 0.28 0.36 Residual mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL L L 0.20mg/l) 0.20mg/l) DL 0.20mg/l) 0.20mg/l) free 0.20mg/l 0.20mg/l) 0.20mg/l) 0.20mg/l

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Surface Water Unit

Parameter SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 Chlorine ) ) #Cyanide mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL 0.02 L 0.02 L 0.02 0.02 mg/l) 0.02 mg/l) DL 0.02 0.02 mg/l) 0.02 mg/l) as CN mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) Magnesi mg/l 22.54 23.01 18.40 18.49 24.25 20.47 19.98 20.25 um as Mg Total mg/l 223.00 235.89 310.00 284.63 284.61 266.06 256.75 248.68 Dissolve d Solids Total mg/l 21.00 28.00 22.68 27.20 27.63 28.09 22.20 25.54 Suspend ed solids Dissolve mg/l 6.80 6.80 6.8 7.12 5.2 6.2 6.5 6.7 d Oxygen Sulphate mg/l 12.80 16.94 10.56 15.10 18.60 15.43 13.10 16.62 as SO4 Fluoride mg/l 0.42 0.63 0.52 0.29 0.58 0.57 0.39 0.43 as F BOD (3 mg/l <5.00 <5.00 5.40 7.60 <5.00 5.02 <5.00 <5.00 Days at 270C) COD mg/l 12.36 14.56 15.64 21.30 23.50 14.62 17.37 15.50 Conducti µS/c 346 390.00 356.28 406 450 366.24 440 410 vity m Nitrate as mg/l 11.20 13.80 14.69 16.49 16.40 13.63 13.49 15.44

NO3 Sodium mg/l 14.50 18.50 12.16 21.40 22.94 14.16 20.43 20.94 as Na Potassiu mg/l 3.84 3.50 3.61 3.08 4.20 3.76 3.64 3.20 m as K Iron as mg/l 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 Fe #Alumini mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL 0.03 L 0.03 L 0.03 0.03 mg/l) 0.03 mg/l) DL 0.03 0.03 mg/l) 0.03 mg/l) um as Al mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) Boron mg/l 0.28 0.33 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.31 Chromiu mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL 0.01 L 0.01 L 0.01 0.01 mg/l) 0.01 mg/l) DL 0.01 0.01 mg/l) 0.01 mg/l) m as Cr mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l)

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Surface Water Unit

Parameter SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 Phenolic mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL L 0.001 L 0.001 0.001 0.001 DL 0.001 0.001 Compou 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) nds mg/l) mg/l) Mineral mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL L L 0.01mg/l) 0.01mg/l) DL 0.01mg/l) 0.01mg/l) Oil 0.01mg/l 0.01mg/l) 0.01mg/l) 0.01mg/l ) ) Anionic mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL 0.02 L 0.02 L 0.02 0.02 mg/l) 0.02 mg/l) DL 0.02 0.02 mg/l) 0.02 mg/l) Detergen mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) ts as MBAS Zinc as mg/l 0.58 0.80 0.80 0.49 0.44 0.78 0.48 0.59 Zn Copper mg/l 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.21 as Cu Mangane mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL DL 0.10 L 0.10 L 0.10 0.10 mg/l) 0.10 mg/l) DL 0.10 0.10 mg/l) 0.10 mg/l) se as Mn mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l *BDL(** *BDL(**D *BDL(**D *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL *BDL(** *BDL(**DL *BDL(**DL Cadmiu DL L 0.001 L 0.001 0.001 0.001 DL 0.001 0.001 m as Cd 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) 0.001 mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) mg/l) Total MPN/ 500 900 500 110 110 310 125 315 100m Coliform l #Fecal MPN/ 300 500 200 80 80 220 240 180 100m Coliform l

BDL: Below Detectable Limit

Codes Locations Codes Locations SW1 Intake Point SW5 Strome water NRL SW2 Surface water (Kalyani River) SW6 Near Numaligarh Dhaba SW3 No. 2 Rong Bong SW7 Telegram SW4 Numaligarh Refinery SW8 Bishnupur

3.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Studies on land and biological aspects of ecosystem is important for Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining ‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of this report is to define the present environment in which the proposed action is to occur, to evaluate all the possible eventualities, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized and

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The present study was undertaken as a part of EIA report to understand the present status of ecosystem prevailing in the study area, to compare it with the past condition with the help of available data, to predict changes as a result of present activities and to suggest measures for maintaining the condition.

3.5.1 Methodology of Sample Collection and Analysis

Total 6 samples are collected from study area to understand the Physico-chemical and biological status of the existing soil in the region. This will establish the baseline characteristics of the region and shall facilitate in identifying the contamination (if any) due to the proposed expansion project.

The step by step method of sampling (as per ISO 1038 on collection, handling and storage) is given below:

Selection of site

• A visual survey of the field is made in slope, texture, and cropping pattern. • The collection site is demarcated into uniform portions, each of which sampled separately. • Details of vegetation cover and of chemical and biological additions or accidental contamination are recorded. • Sampling is made during normal environmental conditions.

Collection

• Surface layer is scrapped to avoid surface vegetation, litter, visible roots and soil fauna. • The samples are designated according to the sampling area, unit and horizons. • A sample hole at a depth of 15cm is dug to collect 2kg of soil for physico-chemical analyses.

Transportation conditions

• Soil is packed in a dark polythene bags for transportation to avoid changes in water content.

Sample processing

• Samples are dried in hot air cabinet (at 800C). • After drying, soils are sieved through 2mm size sieve to remove pebbles, gravels, stones and plant debris. • Then the soil is crushed to fine particles for further analyses.

Storage of samples

• If further storage is required, then the samples are kept at dark at 40C ± 20C with free access of air or in a loosely tied plastic bag. • All the chemical parameters were analyzed as per ‘Soil analyses’ by Jackson, 1994 and ISO Standards Compendium ‘Environmental Soil Quality’. • A map showing all the soil sampling locations in study area is provided below in Figure. 3.14.

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Project Site

Figure 3.14: Map Showing Soil Sampling Locations in study area of 10 km radius

Table 3.24: List of Monitoring Locations in Study Area

Code Station Name Distance (km) Direction S1 Near NRL BIO Refinary 0.30 E No.2 Rongbong S2 2.61 W (Near Pankha Gaon) S3 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 7.77 SE S4 Near Sankala Gaon 6.70 NE S5 Numaligarh Dhaba 6.85 SE S6 Sankala Gaon 6.1 NE

3.5.2 Soil Data analysis

Results of Soil samples analyzed for all the 6 sampling sites alongwith the general standards of soil classification is given Table 3.25 & 3.26.

Code Station Name Code Station Name S1 Near NRL Bio Refinary S4 Near Sankala Gaon S2 No.2 Rongbong (Near Pankha Gaon) S5 Numaligarh Dhaba S3 Near Numaligarh Dhaba S6 Sankala Gaon

3.5.2.1Results and discussion

• The bulk density of the soil is varied from 1.20 to 1.50 g/cc. Its shows the infiltration rate is medium. • The pH of the soils is varied from 7.10 to 7.56 shows basic in nature.

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Table 3.25: Physicochemical Parameters of the Soil

S. Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 No. 0 1 pH (at 25 C) -- 7.20 7.41 7.40 7.10 7.25 7.56

2 Conductivity mS/cm 0.568 0.630 0.596 0.431 0.536 0.612

3 Soil Texture -- Silty Clay Silty Clay Silty Clay Silty Silty Clay Silty Clay

4 Color -- Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Water holding % 5 37.85 35.45 42.35 35.23 35.60 38.40 capacity

6 Bulk density gm/cc 1.40 1.20 1.46 1.50 1.35 1.22

7 Chloride as Cl mg/100g 78.65 84.52 74.65 81.69 72.50 92.10

8 Calcium as Ca mg/100g 57.85 52.14 50.26 62.86 54.26 54.20

9 Sodium as Na mg/kg 45.74 41.75 45.81 44.52 41.60 44.7-0

10 Potassium as K kg/hec. 256.93 269.65 250.23 285.00 245.80 275.60

11 Organic Matter % 0.68 0.70 0.67 0.75 0.65 0.72

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/100g 17.63 15.30 16.42 20.25 15.75 17.25 Available Nitrogen kg./hec. 13 241.00 270.00 266.00 258.00 235.00 280.00 as N

Available kg./hec. 14 23.57 31.23 29.52 34.35 23.50 34.20 Phosphorus

Zinc (as Zn) mg/kg 15 0.74 0.70 0.73 0.78 0.72 0.70 Manganese mg/kg 16 4.10 (as Mn ) 5.40 6.10 4.80 5.48 5.80 Lead (as Pb) mg/kg 17 0.63 0.69 0.71 0.57 0.72 0.65 Cadmium (as Cd ) mg/kg 18 0.22 0.20 0.26 0.40 0.25 0.23 #Chromium (as Cr) mg/kg 19 0.63 0.61 0.55 0.76 0.60 0.66 mg/kg 20 Copper (as Cu ) 0.47 0.40 0.56 0.70 0.51 0.40

Note: SAR: Sodium Adsorption Ratio

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Table 3.26: Standards: Concentration of Soil

Parameter Units Concentration Level Up to 1.00 Average Electrical (mS/cm) 1.00-2.00 Harmful to germination conductivity 2.01-3.00 Harmful to Crops <4.5 Very low 4.5 – 6.0 Low (Acidic) pH -- 6.0 – 7.0 Moderate (Normal) 7.0 – 8.3 High (Weakly alkaline) >8.3 Very High (Alkaline) <100 Low Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha) >100-150 Good >150-300 Better 00-20 Low Phosphorus (kg/ha) >20-50 Medium (P O ) 2 5 >50-80 High 00-150 Low Potassium (K2O) (kg/ha) 151-300 Medium >300 High <0.4 Low 0.4-0.5 Medium Organic Carbon (%) 0.51-0.8 Average 2 Preferred Arsenic (mg/kg) <20 Preferred Boron (mg/kg) 0.5-4 Preferred Cadmium (mg/kg) <1 Preferred Copper (mg/kg) 2.0-50 Preferred Lead (mg/kg) <35 Preferred Mercury (mg/kg) <1 Preferred Selinium (mg/kg) >10 Preferred Sulphur (mg/kg) 20 Preferred Zinc (mg/kg) 1-200 Preferred Ca:Mg ratio (meq/100g) 3 Preferred <6.0 Non – Sodic Exchangeable 6.0 – 10.0 Sodic Sodium (%) 10.0 – 15.0 Moderate Percentage 15.0 – 25.0 Strong >25.0 Very strong

3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.6.1 Objectives of Ecological Studies

The objective of the present study was undertaken with a view to understand the present ecosystem on the following lines: • To assess the distribution of vegetation in and around the proposed plant; • To assess the distribution of animal life in the proposed plant areas as well as surrounding areas; • To assess the biodiversity and to understand the resource potential; and • To understand the nature of pollution and the impact of pollution on the ecosystem.

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3.6.2 Methodology Adopted for the Survey

To achieve above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 10-km radius area with the proposed project site as its centre. The different methods adopted were as follows:

• Compilation of secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature and Government agencies; • Generation of first hand data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area; • Interrogating local people so as to elicit information for local plants, animals and their uses.

The analysis of plant species are provided in Table 3.27.

Table 3.27 List of Plant Species Sl. Plant Name Family Habit Habitat Type No. 1 Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Straggler Terrestrial Wild 2 Abutilon indicum (L.) Malvaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild Sweet 3 Achasma Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild loroglossum (Gagnep.) Larsen 4 Acorus calamus L. Araceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 5 Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild L. 6 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild L. 7 Aegle marmelos (L.) Rutaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild Correa 8 Alpinia allughos Rutaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Roxb. 9 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Aloeaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 10 Alstonia scholaris (L.) Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated R.Br. 11 Alternanthera sessilis Amaranthaceae Herb Aquatic Wild (L.) R.Br. ex DC. 12 Andrographis Acanthaceae Terrestrial Wild paniculata (Broom.f.) Wall ex Nees. 13 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild L. 14 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 15 Annanus comosus Bromeliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild (L.) Merill. 16 Aquilaria malacencis Thymeliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Lamk. 17 Areca catechu L. Arecaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated 18 Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated 19 Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Herb Terrestrial Exotic L. 20 Averrhoa carambola Oxalidaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated L.

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EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 93 of 259 Sl. Plant Name Family Habit Habitat Type No. Asschers. 52 Centrella asiatica L. Apiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 53 Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild L. 54 Cinnamomum Lauraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild tamala(Buch-Ham) T.Nees & Eberm. 55 Cinnamomum Lauraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild zeylanicaBreyn. 56 Cissampelos pareri L. Menispermaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild 57 Cissus Vitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild quadrangularis L. 58 Cissus rependa Vahl. Vitaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild 59 Cissus repens Lamk. Vitaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild 60 Commelina Commelinaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild benghalensis L. 61 Commelina longifolia Commelinaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Lam. 62 Chorcorus capsularis Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild L. 63 Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild (L.) King & Robinson 64 Clauseana Rutaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild heptaphylla W & A. 65 Clenogyne dichotoma Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Salisb. 66 Clerodendrum Verbenaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild serretumSpreng. 67 Clerodendrum Verbenaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild glandulosumColeb. Ex Wall 68 Clitoria ternatea L. Papaveraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 69 Colocasia esculenta Araceae Herb Terrestrial Wild (L.) Schott. 70 Costus speciosus Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild (Koen.) Smth. 71 Crataeva unilocularis Capparidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Buch-Ham 72 Croton tigilium L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 73 Curcuma amada Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Roxb. 74 Curcuma aromatic Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Salisb. 75 Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 76 Curcuma zedoaria Zingiberaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild osc. 77 Croton Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild bonplandianum Baill. 78 Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild 79 Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild Roxb.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 94 of 259 Sl. Plant Name Family Habit Habitat Type No. 80 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Poaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Pers. 81 Cyperus brevifolius L. Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 82 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 83 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted Roxb. 84 Datura metal L. Solanaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild 85 Delonix elata (L.) Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild Gamble 86 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild Hook) Rafin. 87 Dalhousea bracteata Papilionaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild Grah. 88 Delima sarmentosa L. Dilleniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild 89 Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild 90 Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild Roxb. 91 Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild 92 Drymaria cordata Carryophyllaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Wild. 93 Eleusine indica (L.) Poaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild P.Beauv. 94 Embelia nutans Wall. Myrsinaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild 95 Entada scandens Mimosaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild Benth. 96 Erythrina variegata L. Papilionaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild 97 Eclipta alba (L.) Asteraceae Herb Semi-aquatic Wild Hassk. 98 Elaeocarpus serratus Tiliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild L. 99 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild DC. 100 Eragrostis unioloides Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. 101 Eragrostis viscosa Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild (Retz.) Trin. 102 Eucalyptus teriticornis Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted 103 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 104 Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild auct. Non.L. 105 Eurayle frox Salisb. Nymphaeaceae Herb Terrestrial Aquatic 106 Flacourtia catafracta Flacourtiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild Roxb. 107 Fragaria indica Andr. Papilionaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 108 Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild (L.) L. 109 Evolvulus Convolvulaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild nummularius (L.) L. 110 Garcinia cowa Roxb. Clusiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

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EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 99 of 259 Sl. Plant Name Family Habit Habitat Type No. 227 Thevetia peruviana Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild K.Schum 228 Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 229 Trichodesma indicum Boraginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild (L.) R. Br. 230 Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 231 Triumfetta Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild rhomboidea Jacq. 232 Urena lobata L. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild subsp. lobata 233 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Less. 234 Vigna mungo (L.) Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated Wilczek 235 Vigna radiata (L.) Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated Verdc. 236 Waltheria indica L. Sterculiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 237 Xanthium indicum Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild Koen. 238 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild Lam. 239 Zornia gibbosa Span. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild 240 Glycine max (L.) Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated Merr. The present report gives the review of published secondary data and the results of field sampling conducted during pre-monsoon season 2019. Photographs of different landforms surrounding the refinery are given in figures below:

Fig. 3.15 Agricultural field

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Fig. 3.16 Moist deciduous forest

Fig. 3.17 Pineapple cultivation in slope areas

Fig. 3.18 Orange cultivation in slope areas of hills

3.6.3 ANALYSIS OF FAUNAL DIVERSITY

Avifauna A total of 76 species of birds were observed during the present survey in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project sites. The habitat types of the area include agricultural land, scrub jungle, dry & moist deciduous forests, seasonal ponds, river bank, and fallow land.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 101 of 259

The common terrestrial species of the area include Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus), Indian Cuckoo (Cuculus micropterus), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) and Red vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer). The list of avifauna is presented in the following Table 3.28.

Blossom-headed Parakeet (Psittacula roseate - NT), Lesser adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus - VU) and Oriental white ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus- NT) as IUCN Threatened category found in the surrounding areas of the refinery.

Table 3.28 List of Birds in and Around the Study Area

IUCN/ S. Common Migratory Scientific Name Family IWPA No. Name Status status 1 Asian Koel Eudynamys Cuculidae R LC scolopacea 2 Asian Anastomus oscitans Ciconiidae O LC Openbill Stork 3 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae R LC 4 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceinae R LC 5 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae R LC 6 Black-headed Oriolus xanthornus Oriolidae R LC Oriole 7 Blossom- Psittacula roseata Psittaculidae R NT headed Parakeet 8 Blue Rock Columba livia Columbidae R LC Pigeon 9 Blue-tailed Merops philippinus Meropidae R LC Bee-eater 10 Blue-throated Megalaima asiatica Megalaimidae R LC Barbet 11 Bronzed Dicrurus aeneus Dicruridae R LC Drongo 12 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae R LC 13 Chestnut- Arborophila mandellii Phasianidae R LC breasted Partridge 14 Chestnut- Clamator coromandus Cuculidae R LC winged cuckoo 15 Common Cuculus canorus Cuculidae R LC Cuckoo 16 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia Aegithinidae R LC 17 Common Gallinula chloropus Rallidae R LC Moorhen 18 Common Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae R LC Myna 19 Common Charadrius dubius Scolopacidae R LC Sandpiper

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 102 of 259 IUCN/ S. Common Migratory Scientific Name Family IWPA No. Name Status status 20 Common Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae R LC Swallow 21 Coppersmith Megalaima Capitonidae R LC Barbet haemacephala 22 Crested Megaceryle lugubris Cerylidae R LC Kingfisher 23 Crested Spilornis cheela Accipitridae R LC Serpent Eagle 24 Eurasian Streptopelia decaocto Columbidae R LC Collared Dove 25 Eurasian Oriolus oriolus Oriolidae R LC Golden Oriole 26 Green Bee- Merops orientalis Meropidae R LC eater 27 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ardeidae R LC 28 Grey-headed Picus canus Picidae R LC Woodpecker 29 Heart-spotted Hemicircus canente Picidae R LC Woodpecker 30 Hill Myna Gracula religiosa Sturnidae R LC 31 Hill Partridge Arborophila torqueola Phasianidae R LC 32 House Crow Corvus splendens Corvidae R LC 33 House Passer domesticus Passeridae R LC Sparrow 34 Indian Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae R LC Cuckoo 35 Indian Grey Ocyceros birostris Bucerotidae R LC Hornbill 36 Indian Pond- Ardeola grayii Ardeidae R LC Heron 37 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciidae R LC 38 Intermediate Mesophoyx intermedia Ardeidae R LC Egret 39 Jungle Turdoides striatus Muscicapidae R LC Babbler 40 Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Sturnidae R LC 41 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum Strigidae R LC 42 Large Coracina macei Campephagid R LC cuckooshrike ae 43 Large Egret Casmerodius albus Ardeidae R LC 44 Lesser Leptoptilos javanicus Ciconiidae R VU adjutant 45 Lesser Centropus Cuculidae R LC Coucal bengalensis 46 Little Brown Streptopelia Columbidae R LC Dove senegalensis

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The family wise distribution of birds is provided in Table 3.29:

Table 3.29 Family Wise Distribution of Birds Family No. of Species Ardeidae 6 Columbidae 5 Cuculidae 5 Hirundinidae 4 Phasianidae 4 Muscicapidae 3 Rallidae 3 Strigidae 3 Sturnidae 3 Accipitridae 2 Alcedinidae 2 Cerylidae 2 Ciconiidae 2 Dicruridae 2 Meropidae 2 Oriolidae 2 Picidae 2 Psittaculidae 2 Pycnonotidae 2 Aegithinidae 1 Bucerotidae 1 Campephagidae 1 Capitonidae 1 Charadriidae 1 Chloropseidae 1

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3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

M/s Numaligarh refinery Limited is one of the major refineries of north east, established in 2001. It is a joint venture of Assam Government owned Numaligarh Refinery Limited with Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited. NRL has been pursuing a focused programme towards environmental protection by adopting safe and eco-friendly technologies, sound design and engineering practices. The Company has a well defined Environment Management System (EMS) under ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001 and ISRS Protocols. The present project is the expansion of refining capacity from 3.0 to 9.0 MMTPA at Numaligarh.

3.7.1 Objective of the Study

The scope of the study was determined by Engineers India Limited. The objective of the socioeconomic survey is given below:

Socioeconomic survey in EIA/EMP report preparation for expansion project is carried to predict the changes on social and economic status. Hence baseline data for demographic characteristics, education, health, amenities and sensitive locations existing in and around the project area have been studied in the study area.

As per the given scope, the following studies have been carried out for 10 km radius in and around the plant site.

• Demographic profile (Population (SC, ST & Others), human settlements, male/female ratio, and literacy, occupational pattern (Total Workers, Marginal workers and Non workers). This data is obtained from the available recent census data, 2011. • Cultural and Aesthetic attributes.

3.7.2 Methodology

3.7.2.1 Secondary Data Sources

Secondary information was collected from Census Office, mainly includes the information related to population composition, occupational status, educational details of the study area.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 106 of 259

3.7.3 Base Line Information of District

Numaligarh is a Village in Golaghat West Tehsil in Golaghat District of Assam State. Golaghat is the district headquarters. This place is in the border of the Golaghat District and Sivasagar District.

The Golaghat district has a population of 54, 32,176 as per 2011 census. Numaligarh is surrounded by Golaghat West Tehsil towards west, Golaghat North Tehsil towards North, Golaghat East Tehsil towards East. Golaghat, Jorhat, Itanagar, Mariani are the nearby Cities to Numaligarh. Assamese is the local language here.

3.7.3.1 Demographic Characteristics of the District

Demographic and socio-economic profile of the districts based on census data for the year 2011, Assam state is given below.

Table 3.30 Demographic Characteristics of the Districts

Description Golaghat Sivasagar Total population 5432176 5865346 Total population (male ) 2765841 3004010 Total population (female) 2666335 2861336 Male% 50.9 51.2 Female % 49.1 48.8 (Source: Data as for Census 2011)

Figure 3.19 Populations of Golaghat & Sivasagar Districts

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3.7.3.2 Demographic Characteristics of the Study area (10km radius)

Village/town wise Population, Households, Occupation and Literacy status, have been collected based on Census, 2011 and given in the following manner

1. Total population 4. Illiteracy rate

2. Population (0-6 years) 5. Total worker persons (main + marginal)

3. Literacy rate 6. Total non workers

a. Population and households

A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated persons live in a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each such person was to be treated as separate households. The important link is finding out whether it was a household or not was a common kitchen. There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households. Population breakup within 10 km radius of the plant as per 2011 census is 168526 male and 164126 female which makes up a Total population about 332652, with 7.2 % of SC and 8.0 % of ST Population. The summarized population data is given in Table 3.31.

Table 3.31 Population Composition

Population <7 age Population SC Population ST Population Names No. HH T M F T M F T M F T M F Golaghat District Barpathar (TC) 1687 7657 3968 3689 761 403 358 413 220 193 166 86 80 Garigaon 440 1934 971 963 238 114 124 10 5 5 5 1 4 Tamuli Pathar 99 527 271 256 63 37 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 Barua Gaon 211 979 491 488 100 46 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 Geleki 70 325 170 155 79 34 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dihingia 236 983 503 480 88 44 44 3 1 2 194 96 98 Kachugaon 291 1307 645 662 105 53 52 74 34 40 8 4 4 Thengal Gaon 350 1569 781 788 161 81 80 4 1 3 692 333 359 Barchapari 1226 5793 2874 2919 852 436 416 458 225 233 712 340 372 Bagicha Rajabari 447 1941 996 945 231 120 111 515 254 261 23 11 12 Sankala Gaon 226 1077 517 560 128 55 73 13 4 9 0 0 0 Barua Gaon 211 979 491 488 100 46 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moriaholla 28 200 96 104 59 31 28 0 0 0 199 96 103 Garigaon 440 1934 971 963 238 114 124 10 5 5 5 1 4 Bongaon 735 3344 1632 1712 500 240 260 156 76 80 2 2 0 Bholaguri Gaon 315 1511 759 752 210 104 106 208 102 106 22 10 12 Garigaon 440 1934 971 963 238 114 124 10 5 5 5 1 4 Khumtai 18117 85835 43406 42429 11109 5649 5460 6260 3155 3105 14655 7444 7211 Barua Gaon 211 979 491 488 100 46 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nagaon 85 388 191 197 39 16 23 0 0 0 225 107 118 Gerukani 83 405 222 183 59 35 24 325 178 147 2 1 1 Geleki 70 325 170 155 79 34 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sungi-Hula 79 368 195 173 39 20 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 Butolikhowa Tup 25 116 60 56 19 10 9 14 7 7 0 0 0 Morangi 24308 114851 58431 56420 16267 8256 8011 5621 2871 2750 3048 1538 1510 Butolikhowa Tup 25 116 60 56 19 10 9 14 7 7 0 0 0 Hautoley Grant 667 2940 1513 1427 372 193 179 58 33 25 2 1 1 Habichowa Gaon 715 3256 1702 1554 290 171 119 5 2 3 3 2 1

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 108 of 259 Population <7 age Population SC Population ST Population Names No. HH T M F T M F T M F T M F Chachamukh 41 192 102 90 15 11 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kaiborta Gaon 1368 6327 3227 3100 806 394 412 3119 1587 1532 44 24 20 Kenduguri Gaon 240 1118 565 553 157 82 75 0 0 0 26 16 10 Kordoiguri Gaon 117 548 280 268 82 40 42 0 0 0 52 23 29 Miripathar 169 775 395 380 120 64 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 Padumoni 89 381 192 189 35 18 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pangkial Gaon 356 1583 784 799 178 91 87 22 13 9 6 3 3 Dhola Gaon 187 876 411 465 124 52 72 4 1 3 0 0 0 Sialmari 55 273 140 133 35 18 17 0 0 0 273 140 133 Telia Gaon 226 1025 531 494 105 49 56 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dhola Gaon 187 876 411 465 124 52 72 4 1 3 0 0 0 Garanga Grant 339 1678 854 824 259 138 121 4 1 3 3 2 1 Gaon Garanga Bagan 319 1507 751 756 216 113 103 0 0 0 0 0 0 Garanga Jan 126 620 291 329 83 38 45 0 0 0 26 16 10 Gaon Letekujan Grant 895 4223 2106 2117 601 293 308 31 18 13 2 2 0 Dhekial Gaon 459 2082 997 1085 182 87 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bagidhola Bagan 291 1313 651 662 222 105 117 1 1 0 0 0 0 Naokata 212 1104 581 523 172 103 69 0 0 0 51 28 23 Dholaguri Bagan. 423 2121 1089 1032 292 156 136 34 16 18 35 16 19 Prajabasti Gaon 91 438 218 220 71 29 42 7 3 4 0 0 0 Borchali Gaon 53 235 115 120 28 13 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bokial Gaon 187 911 485 426 112 55 57 0 0 0 57 28 29 Gubindapur 302 1567 774 793 275 143 132 6 4 2 7 4 3 Bagan Rongagora 586 2754 1397 1357 403 220 183 1034 517 517 496 236 260 Samukjan 107 502 253 249 79 37 42 423 211 212 11 5 6 Garobasti 74 417 210 207 67 38 29 5 3 2 390 199 191 Ouguri Chapori 324 1564 780 784 212 98 114 4 2 2 345 173 172 Panka Gaon 209 1039 539 500 111 61 50 14 7 7 485 242 243 Rangdhali Gaon 425 1941 989 952 208 102 106 162 79 83 2 1 1 Kamar Gaon 178 781 371 410 62 31 31 5 2 3 223 114 109 Numoligarh N.C. 62 318 164 154 31 22 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Numaligarh 1127 5140 2546 2594 682 332 350 394 201 193 124 61 63 bagicha Numaligarh Town 164 760 389 371 87 53 34 93 46 47 88 48 40 Numaligarh 22 116 59 57 27 13 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pathar Numaligarh Block 189 948 484 464 127 59 68 375 205 170 301 146 155 Numaligarh Refinery 646 2318 1226 1092 403 201 202 180 95 85 151 79 72 Township (CT) Kalioni gaon 45 187 93 94 25 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 Behora 852 4054 1990 2064 558 261 297 21 10 11 7 4 3 Mikirchang 326 1452 706 746 224 105 119 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bagicha Kuruabahi Gaon 389 1788 914 874 210 106 104 1279 660 619 20 10 10 Rowdawar Gaon 76 316 166 150 40 24 16 12 8 4 168 90 78 Dhodang Gaon 70 303 164 139 22 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parghat 403 1603 843 760 297 148 149 5 4 1 11 6 5 Borpak 154 776 408 368 88 48 40 279 156 123 46 22 24 Nepali Bosti 53 264 140 124 29 12 17 1 1 0 0 0 0 Kamar Gaon 178 781 371 410 62 31 31 5 2 3 223 114 109 Basapathar 433 2020 1030 990 289 140 149 153 81 72 285 149 136 Budhbari 302 1365 709 656 158 86 72 193 94 99 1 1 0 Na-Pamua 116 484 250 234 46 22 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sivasagar District Halua Gaon 257 1182 602 580 162 85 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 Garia Chiga 277 1294 663 631 218 122 96 22 9 13 195 101 94 Gaon Poita Khat 173 822 419 403 128 61 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 Borguri Block 270 1579 839 740 295 160 135 0 0 0 1552 823 729 Pachi Pathar 255 1035 513 522 111 59 52 18 9 9 61 29 32

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 109 of 259 Population <7 age Population SC Population ST Population Names No. HH T M F T M F T M F T M F Merbill 263 1192 610 582 104 59 45 130 66 64 338 173 165 Jathipotia 332 1494 773 721 154 74 80 42 20 22 0 0 0 Bura Gohain 115 468 245 223 50 27 23 1 1 0 0 0 0 Molia Bheta 36 169 91 78 18 9 9 144 79 65 7 2 5 Pathalial 334 1525 760 765 145 77 68 1402 697 705 21 11 10 Tairai Gaon 305 1439 742 697 217 102 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ramu Gaon 355 1590 794 796 146 73 73 0 0 0 27 12 15 Thanpathar 66 340 168 172 52 25 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rongswal Gaon 363 1714 893 821 235 117 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labang 47 209 109 100 20 11 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jorhat District Boria Gaon 335 1512 774 738 116 63 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meteli Gaon 234 1061 536 525 114 65 49 0 0 0 8 5 3 Sarkari N.C. 63 423 217 206 77 37 40 0 0 0 422 216 206 Turung Gaon 194 929 478 451 88 48 40 17 10 7 167 84 83 Khangia Gaon 716 3338 1611 1727 308 154 154 28 13 15 0 0 0 Total 71069 332652 168526 164126 44142 22356 21786 23844 12118 11726 26725 13532 13193 *As per 2011 census

Figure. 3.20 Population Composition

b. Occupational structure of the Study area (10km radius)

Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers. Persons who are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also treated as workers. Occupational structure is divided in to 3 categories viz., main workers, marginal workers and other workers. The criteria of dividing type of workers are as follows:

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 110 of 259 Main workers: Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or more) are termed as Main Workers. There are 104515 total main workers in this area.

Marginal workers: Those workers who have not worked for the major point of the reference period (i.e. less than 6 months) are termed as marginal workers. The total marginal workers are 42678. The summarized occupation data is in Table 3.50.

Non workers: All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last one-year, but are not cultivators or agricultural laborers or in Household Industry, are 'Other Workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry workers are other workers. Table 3.32 Occupational Structure

Workers Main workers Marginal workers Non workers Names T M F T M F T M F T M F Golaghat District Barpathar (TC) 2509 2265 244 2313 2101 212 196 164 32 5148 1703 3445 Garigaon 1019 605 414 439 331 108 580 274 306 915 366 549 Tamuli Pathar 211 153 58 127 112 15 84 41 43 316 118 198 Barua Gaon 552 307 245 302 256 46 250 51 199 427 184 243 Geleki 176 97 79 114 66 48 62 31 31 149 73 76 Dihingia 440 277 163 233 200 33 207 77 130 543 226 317 Kachugaon 395 319 76 358 290 68 37 29 8 912 326 586 Thengal Gaon 680 450 230 447 397 50 233 53 180 889 331 558 Barchapari 2670 1522 1148 2069 1281 788 601 241 360 3123 1352 1771 Bagicha Rajabari 876 601 275 567 488 79 309 113 196 1065 395 670 Sankala Gaon 325 298 27 79 65 14 246 233 13 752 219 533 Barua Gaon 552 307 245 302 256 46 250 51 199 427 184 243 Moriaholla 76 45 31 43 31 12 33 14 19 124 51 73 Garigaon 1019 605 414 439 331 108 580 274 306 915 366 549 Bongaon 1478 865 613 1019 626 393 459 239 220 1866 767 1099 Bholaguri Gaon 547 391 156 460 351 109 87 40 47 964 368 596 Garigaon 1019 605 414 439 331 108 580 274 306 915 366 549 Khumtai 40521 24247 16274 27173 18707 8466 13348 5540 7808 45314 19159 26155 Barua Gaon 552 307 245 302 256 46 250 51 199 427 184 243 Nagaon 201 113 88 101 81 20 100 32 68 187 78 109 Gerukani 105 104 1 104 104 0 1 0 1 300 118 182 Geleki 176 97 79 114 66 48 62 31 31 149 73 76 Sungi-Hula 203 109 94 118 82 36 85 27 58 165 86 79 Butolikhowa Tup 42 31 11 29 26 3 13 5 8 74 29 45 Morangi 48075 31598 16477 36710 26282 10428 11365 5316 6049 66776 26833 39943 Butolikhowa Tup 42 31 11 29 26 3 13 5 8 74 29 45 Hautoley Grant 1336 814 522 826 588 238 510 226 284 1604 699 905 Habichowa 1775 1014 761 1136 780 356 639 234 405 1481 688 793 Gaon Chachamukh 64 61 3 59 57 2 5 4 1 128 41 87 Kaiborta Gaon 2701 1830 871 2211 1618 593 490 212 278 3626 1397 2229 Kenduguri Gaon 402 291 111 296 234 62 106 57 49 716 274 442 Kordoiguri Gaon 293 176 117 82 80 2 211 96 115 255 104 151 Miripathar 292 204 88 204 155 49 88 49 39 483 191 292 Padumoni 132 115 17 126 113 13 6 2 4 249 77 172 Pangkial Gaon 528 445 83 488 411 77 40 34 6 1055 339 716

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 111 of 259 Workers Main workers Marginal workers Non workers Names T M F T M F T M F T M F Dhola Gaon 240 201 39 239 200 39 1 1 0 636 210 426 Sialmari 164 84 80 59 58 1 105 26 79 109 56 53 Telia Gaon 631 335 296 107 81 26 524 254 270 394 196 198 Dhola Gaon 240 201 39 239 200 39 1 1 0 636 210 426 Garanga Grant 784 425 359 744 407 337 40 18 22 894 429 465 Gaon Garanga Bagan 719 387 332 275 181 94 444 206 238 788 364 424 Garanga Jan 286 156 130 173 112 61 113 44 69 334 135 199 Gaon Letekujan Grant 2045 1150 895 1661 951 710 384 199 185 2178 956 1222 Dhekial Gaon 1245 713 532 1047 615 432 198 98 100 837 284 553 Bagidhola 617 331 286 455 294 161 162 37 125 696 320 376 Bagan Naokata 634 344 290 285 277 8 349 67 282 470 237 233 Dholaguri 878 573 305 587 431 156 291 142 149 1243 516 727 Bagan. Prajabasti Gaon 238 125 113 63 58 5 175 67 108 200 93 107 Borchali Gaon 132 70 62 132 70 62 0 0 0 103 45 58 Bokial Gaon 416 255 161 326 224 102 90 31 59 495 230 265 Gubindapur 801 407 394 540 299 241 261 108 153 766 367 399 Bagan Rongagora 1044 721 323 688 583 105 356 138 218 1710 676 1034 Samukjan 401 200 201 393 195 198 8 5 3 101 53 48 Garobasti 212 114 98 105 89 16 107 25 82 205 96 109 Ouguri Chapori 531 440 91 503 425 78 28 15 13 1033 340 693 Panka Gaon 326 268 58 301 260 41 25 8 17 713 271 442 Rangdhali Gaon 634 561 73 457 428 29 177 133 44 1307 428 879 Kamar Gaon 345 221 124 246 202 44 99 19 80 436 150 286 Numoligarh N.C. 195 101 94 195 101 94 0 0 0 123 63 60 Numaligarh 2594 1465 1129 2091 1215 876 503 250 253 2546 1081 1465 bagicha Numaligarh 258 208 50 199 164 35 59 44 15 502 181 321 Town Numaligarh 38 29 9 33 27 6 5 2 3 78 30 48 Pathar Numaligarh 397 270 127 294 183 111 103 87 16 551 214 337 Block Numaligarh Refinery 943 772 171 923 763 160 20 9 11 1375 454 921 Township (CT) Kalioni gaon 115 58 57 114 57 57 1 1 0 72 35 37 Behora 2026 1095 931 1236 761 475 790 334 456 2028 895 1133 Mikirchang 781 396 385 501 275 226 280 121 159 671 310 361 Bagicha Kuruabahi Gaon 836 550 286 462 433 29 374 117 257 952 364 588 Rowdawar Gaon 98 86 12 48 41 7 50 45 5 218 80 138 Dhodang Gaon 99 85 14 89 78 11 10 7 3 204 79 125 Parghat 694 462 232 213 175 38 481 287 194 909 381 528 Borpak 588 309 279 481 266 215 107 43 64 188 99 89 Nepali Bosti 111 86 25 88 73 15 23 13 10 153 54 99 Kamar Gaon 345 221 124 246 202 44 99 19 80 436 150 286 Basapathar 627 585 42 602 567 35 25 18 7 1393 445 948 Budhbari 649 431 218 355 313 42 294 118 176 716 278 438 Na-Pamua 148 128 20 132 117 15 16 11 5 336 122 214 Sivasagar District Halua Gaon 491 350 141 156 125 31 335 225 110 691 252 439 Garia Chiga 568 352 216 544 343 201 24 9 15 726 311 415 Gaon

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Fig. 3.21 Occupational Status

c. Literacy as of the Study area (10 km radius)

A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write with understanding any language has been taken as literate. It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal education or passed any minimum educational standard for being treated as literate. People who were blind and could read in Braille are treated to be literates. A person, who can only read but cannot write, is treated as illiterate.

All children of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and have picked up reading and writing, are treated as illiterates. The number and the percentage of literates within the study area is as mentioned in Table 3.33, which is 63.6 % for the total study area as the Total literate population is 211415 and illiterates is 121237 among the Total population 332652.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFINERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 113 of 259

Table 3.33 Literacy Levels

Literates Illiterates Names T M F T M F Golaghat District Barpathar (TC) 6165 3300 2865 1492 668 824 Garigaon 1389 749 640 545 222 323 Tamuli Pathar 379 198 181 148 73 75 Barua Gaon 821 429 392 158 62 96 Geleki 140 92 48 185 78 107 Dihingia 847 449 398 136 54 82 Kachugaon 1136 568 568 171 77 94 Thengal Gaon 1215 635 580 354 146 208 Barchapari Bagicha 2906 1658 1248 2887 1216 1671 Rajabari 1473 775 698 468 221 247 Sankala Gaon 812 419 393 265 98 167 Barua Gaon 821 429 392 158 62 96 Moriaholla 68 35 33 132 61 71 Garigaon 1389 749 640 545 222 323 Bongaon 1685 958 727 1659 674 985 Bholaguri Gaon 980 531 449 531 228 303 Garigaon 1389 749 640 545 222 323 Khumtai 54358 30362 23996 31477 13044 18433 Barua Gaon 821 429 392 158 62 96 Nagaon 312 161 151 76 30 46 Gerukani 299 173 126 106 49 57 Geleki 140 92 48 185 78 107 Sungi-Hula 209 119 90 159 76 83 Butolikhowa Tup 49 31 18 67 29 38 Morangi 69280 38921 30359 45571 19510 26061 Butolikhowa Tup 49 31 18 67 29 38 Hautoley Grant 1822 1057 765 1118 456 662 Habichowa Gaon 2497 1353 1144 759 349 410 Chachamukh 148 82 66 44 20 24 Kaiborta Gaon 3515 2043 1472 2812 1184 1628 Kenduguri Gaon 681 367 314 437 198 239 Kordoiguri Gaon 312 172 140 236 108 128 Miripathar 469 274 195 306 121 185 Padumoni 328 166 162 53 26 27 Pangkial Gaon 1297 659 638 286 125 161 Dhola Gaon 695 341 354 181 70 111 Sialmari 182 103 79 91 37 54 Telia Gaon 823 451 372 202 80 122 Dhola Gaon 695 341 354 181 70 111 Garanga Grant 879 546 333 799 308 491 Gaon Garanga Bagan 961 542 419 546 209 337 Garanga Jan Gaon 380 212 168 240 79 161 Letekujan Grant 1836 1100 736 2387 1006 1381 Dhekial Gaon 1681 835 846 401 162 239 Bagidhola Bagan 508 321 187 805 330 475 Naokata 734 405 329 370 176 194 Dholaguri Bagan. 913 543 370 1208 546 662 Prajabasti Gaon 236 133 103 202 85 117 Borchali Gaon 45 30 15 190 85 105 Bokial Gaon 691 395 296 220 90 130 Gubindapur Bagan 592 376 216 975 398 577 Rongagora 1688 968 720 1066 429 637

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Fig. 3.22 Literacy levels

3.6.4 Site Specific Studies

The following site specific features have been given with respect to emphasize and assess the socio economic impacts linked to economic, environmental and health.

3.6.4.1 Population Demographic Details

The population demography distribution details with in the vicinity (2011 census) from the project site area are mentioned in the Table 3.33 above.

3.6.4.2 Industries

The bulk of industries found here are based on Small-scale tea growers and the cottage industries, Food product industry, wood furniture & fixation industry, leather industry, nonmetallic mineral product, metal alloy industries.

Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) is the only major heavy industry in the district, engineered to process 3.0 million tonnes per year of indigenous crude oil, adopting innovated technologies.

3.6.4.3 Rivers

Dhansiri is the principal river, which originates from Laisang peak of Nagaland. It streams from south to north before joining the Brahmaputra. Doyang, Nambor, Doigrung and Kalioni are the four rivulets of the Dhansiri.

Dhansiri, Kaliyani, Doigrung are the rivers flowing through the study area. Dhansiri River is the main source of water supply for the refinery. Local people depend on the bore well water for their sustainable live hood.

3.6.4.4 Tourist Places

Numaligarh is a town in Golaghat district of Assam. The Deupahar temple and butterfly garden in Numaligarh are the prominent tourist places. The NH-37 passes through Numaligarh. It has a bus station. The nearest railway station is in Golaghat and the nearest airport is in Jorhat enables better communication for the visitors.

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World famous Kaziranga national park, situated at Golaghat on southern part of Bramhaputra river, is a remarkable place for the conservation of one horned Indian Rhinoceros and other wildlife of Noth-East India. Many migratory birds visit the park in the winter season.

Garampani is a hot water spring inside Nambar reserve forest, 18km south of Golaghat, on the way of Dimapur to Nagaland.

Neghereting Shiv mandir built by Ahom kings, is a popular picnic spot at 1km from Golaghat town.

Deopahar is a scattered hill top of ancient temple with a status lying shattered and greenery sprouting from the heads of the others, is 5km from Numaligarh. A view from the top across Numaligarh tea estate and Karbi Anglong hills and forest is simply marvelous.

3.6.4.5 Health status

The study area has the facilities for health checkups for local people through the refinery people, primary health care centers in the villages.

The district Health and disease management provides anti stress drugs, ORS, antibiotics, vitamins and mineral supplements, temporary shed through health camps for livestock. Vaccination, de-worming and insurance for animals.

NRL has been pursuing a focused programme towards environmental protection by adopting safe and eco-friendly technologies, sound design and engineering practices. The Company has a well defined Environment Management System (EMS) under ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001 and ISRS Protocols.

Other facilities such as provision of medical aid to accident victims, availability of ambulance, Vivekananda medical hospital at NRL township to provide medical support all the time.

3.6.5 Impacts of the proposed project

The socio-economic impacts are intrinsically linked with its economic, environmental and health impacts. These impacts relates to changes to the social structure and characteristics of a community.

3.6.5.1 Prediction of impacts

Negative impact Growth of industrialization generally has impacts on release of effluents, vehicular movement that will create negative impact for the people. However the proposed project has no loss of land. The effluents released are treated before their release into the outer environment. However management plan is made for minimizing the effects.

Positive impact Despite of little temporary and recoverable damage to ecosystem, there will be large number of positive impacts such as

1. Creation employment 2. Improvement in the infrastructural facilities (such as Roads, lightening etc) 3. Human Health (hospitals, medical camps, health checkups etc) 4. Educational facilities (College, schools etc)

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5. Economical status in terms of Industrial growth and Employment generation and other economically beneficial developments would show there beneficial impact on the Social communities residing in the nearby areas.

The project activities will improve the general environment in communication by roads, education and health facilities. Increase in industrialization in the area can increase the main workers sub-category of other workers. The project will thereby improve the economical status of the surrounding people.

Secondary impacts

During the developmental stage, benefits to the regional economy would be realized from increased expenditure for labor and materials. The economic profile of a community is characterized with respect to commercial and industrial development. These are temporary jobs provided by the project during the course of expansion.

The proposed project focuses on the health status in terms of health checkups and medical camps and the increase in economical status of the people will indirectly improve the health status.

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CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

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4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

In this chapter the likely impacts during construction and operation phases are identified. Further, the impacts are assessed and evaluated considering spatial, intensity, temporal and vulnerability scales. An overall assessment in terms of significance value is derived by integrating all scales. Detailed methodology is given in subsequent sections.

4.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for assessing the potential positive and negative environmental impacts from the proposed project is described below.

Step 1 : Identification of Environmental Impacts

All potential releases (emissions to air, generation of noise, effluent discharge, etc.) from the construction & operation phases of the proposed project have been identified. The potential positive and negative environmental impacts from these releases and other activities of the project have been identified.

Step 2 : Environmental Impact Assessment

The Significance (S) of the Environmental Impacts is identified and assessed by the following characteristics:

• Intensity (I) of the environmental impact; • Spatial extension (Sp) of the environmental impact; • Temporal duration (T) of the environmental impact;& • Environmental Vulnerability (V) of the impacted area.

Determination of Impact Intensity (I):

Impact Intensity has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High):

• Emissions/generation of highly pollutant substances, emissions/generation of high quantity of pollutant substances and/or high noise emission. . High consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals) • Felling of large of trees or death of fauna

M (Medium):

• Emissions/generation of moderately pollutant substances, emissions/generation of moderate quantity of pollutant substances and/or moderately high noise emission. • Moderate consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals). • Felling of few trees or physical damage of fauna.

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L (Low):

• Emissions/generation of low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of low quantity of pollutant substances and/or low noise emission. • Low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals). • Damage to few trees or disturbance/ disorientation of fauna.

N (Negligible):

• Emissions/generation of very low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of very low quantity of pollutant substances and/or very low noise emission • Very low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals) • No measurable damage to flora/fauna

Determination of Impact Spatial extension (Sp) and Spatial Criteria (Is) :

Impact Spatial extension has been assessed based on the following criteria:

• H (High): the impact extends in a wide area outside the site (about 10 km or more) • M (Medium): the impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (< 10 km) • L (Low): the impact extends inside the site. • N (Negligible): the impact extends in a restricted area inside the site.

The product of Impact Intensity and Impact Spatial extension gives the impact evaluation as per Spatial criteria (Is).

Table 4.1 : Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria

Impact evaluation as per Impact Spatial extension (Sp) SPATIAL CRITERIA (Is) HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M

LOW M L L L Impact Intensity (I) Intensity Impact

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N

Determination of Impact Temporal duration (T) and Temporal Criteria (It)

Impact Temporal Duration has been assessed based on the following criteria:

• H (Very High): the impact has an important long-term effect (> 5 years) • H (High): the impact has an important long-term effect (1-5 years) • M (Medium): the impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year) • L (Low): the impact has a temporary and short-term effect (1 day – 1 week)

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• N (Negligible): the impact has an immediate effect and it is solved in a very short time.

The product of Impact Temporal duration and spatial criteria gives the Impact Evaluations as per Temporal Criteria (It).

Table 4.2 : Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria

Impact evaluation as per Impact Temporal duration (T) TEMPORAL CRITERIA (It) VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M L

Impact Is LOW M M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N N

Determination of Environmental Vulnerability (V) and Significance (S)

Environmental Vulnerability has been assessed based on the following criteria:

• H (High): Particular interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of view. Parks, natural reserves and / or special areas of conservation. Contaminated areas in which a further impact may generate non-compliance with local environmental limits. • M (Medium): Interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of views. Residential areas with low population density. Agricultural areas, forests, public parks. • L (Low): Industrial and commercial areas.

The product of Vulnerability and Temporal criteria gives the Significance of the impact.

Table 4.3: Matrix for Evaluating Significance

Impact evaluation as per VULNERABILITY VULNERABILITY (V) CRITERIA (SIGNIFICANCE S) HIGH MEDIUM LOW

HIGH H H M

MEDIUM H M M

Impact It LOW M M L

NEGLIGIBLE L N N

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The Impact Significance (S) levels obtained from the above-matrix are defined as follows:

• H (High): Causes severe and acute effects to receptors, severe and irreversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and irreversible modification of landscape or of ecological equilibrium. • M (Medium): Causes moderate effects to receptors, reversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and reversible modifications of landscape or ecological equilibrium. • L (Low): Causes limited effects to receptors, quickly reversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and slight and reversible modification of landscape or ecological equilibrium. • N (Negligible): Causes negligible or no effects to receptors, slight and reversible deterioration of quality of the environment, no measurable changes at landscape or ecological level.

The assessment has been carried out for each of the potential environmental impacts during both construction and operation, and has been discussed in this chapter.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land, socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix (Table 4.4).

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Table 4.4: Impact Identification Matrix

Socio- Physical Biological economic

Activities Flora Fauna quality quality) Ambient air occupation Infrastructure Livelihood & Ambient noise topography & topography & drainage, soil) Land (land use, Land (land use, water (quantity / Ground / surface surface Ground /

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Site preparation * * * * Civil works

* * * * * * Heavy equipment operations * Disposal of construction wastes * Generation/disposal of sewerage * * Transportation of materials * * OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PHASE Commissioning of Process units, utilities and * * * * * offsites Storage of Products * Waste management- liquid and solid waste * * Transportation of products * *

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4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Construction activities are anticipated to take place over a period of at least 48 months.

Potential emissions sources during construction phase include the following: • Site preparation and civil works • Storage and handling of construction material (e,g. sand, cement) at proposed project site. • Operation of temporary Diesel Generator (DG) sets • Movement of vehicles carrying equipment, construction material and project- related personnel

The impacts are described below:

• Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of vehicles on unpaved roads. • PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of machineries and vehicles.

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Impact of Air Emissions (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Emissions of low quantity/Low consumption of power Spatial Low Impact extends inside the site Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term effect Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1 Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1 Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors as Significance Value per methodology given in Section 4.1 of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures • Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment. • Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used. • Avoiding unnecessary engine operations. • Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites. • Controlled vehicle speed on site • Ensuring vehicle are covered during transportation of material.

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4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE

4.3.2.1 EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES

Air Pollution Modeling

The prediction of Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) of pollutants emitted from the stacks have been carried out using ISCST-3 Air Quality Simulation model released by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) which is also accepted by Indian statutory bodies. The impact has been predicted over a 20 km X 20 km area.

Meteorological data plays an important role in computation of Ground Level Concentration (GLC) using ISCST-3 model. Meteorological data of the project site is another input required for computation of the contribution by the proposed plant. The parameters required are:

• Wind speed and direction • Stability • Mixing height • Temperature

The hourly wind speed, solar insolation and cloudiness during the day whereas in the night, wind speed and cloudiness parameters were used to determine the hourly atmospheric stability Class A to F (Pasquill and Gifford). Data related to wind velocity and direction were generated during the monitoring period. Part of this site specific monitored data have been used as input data of the model during computation.

The hourly occurrence of various stability classes at the project site is also an important input parameter to the model. Further site specific mixing depth (mixing height or convective stable boundary layer and inversion height or nocturnal stable boundary layer) is also an important input parameter for computation and assessment of realistic dispersion of pollutants.

There are different methods for generating these parameters, but in the present case data published by CPCB in Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Indian region have been used.

The above computation is considering the stack emissions only and does not take into account any changes in the fugitive emission. However, since the fugitive emissions are being released mainly from near ground sources, are not expected to travel / disperse to a longer distance to reach beyond the plant boundary and thus are not expected to have any impact on the ambient air.

Industrial Source Complex Short Term - 3 (ISCST3) Model

The Industrial Source Complex – Short Term Version 3 (ISCST-3) models has been developed to simulate the effect of emissions from the point sources on air quality. The ISCST-3 model was adopted from the USEPA guidelines which are routinely used as a regulatory model to simulate plume dispersion and transport from and up to 100 point sources and 20000 receptors. ISCST–3 is extensively used for predicting the GLCs of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources.

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The impacts of conservative pollutants were predicted using this air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain at and around the project site. The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period have been used in this model.

The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed to simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind air.

The inputs needed for model development are emission load and nature, meteorology and topographic features, to predict the GLCs.

The ISCST-3 model is, an hour-by-hour steady state Gaussian model which takes into account the following:

- Terrain adjustments - Stack-tip downwash - Gradual plume rise - Buoyancy-induced dispersion - Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection - Plume reflection off elevated terrain - Building downwash - Partial penetration of elevated inversions - Hourly source emission rate, exit velocity, and stack gas temperature

The ISCST-3 model, thus, provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor locations. The ISC short term model for stacks uses the steady-state Gaussian plume equation for a continuous elevated source.

For each source and each hour, the origin of the source's coordinate system is placed at the ground surface at the base of the stack. The x axis is positive in the downwind direction, the y axis is crosswind (normal) to the x axis and the z axis extends vertically.

The fixed receptor locations are converted to each source's coordinate system for each hourly concentration calculation. The hourly concentrations calculated for each source at each receptor are summed to obtain the total concentration produced at each receptor by the combined source emissions. The source data i.e. continuous stack emissions from different process units have been calculated based on the design data of the respective process units.

The input data requirements for each source include data specific to the source and its type (whether point, area or volume source). The source-input requirements for running the program are the emission height, location, exit velocity, exit temperature and strength.

The receptor data can be given either as polar, rectangular Cartesian or discrete ones. The program control includes options regarding pollutant type, dispersion options, averaging time, flag pole receptor and exponential decay etc.

For the proposed project, the configuration of some process units as well as stack emission has been amended. The stack emission details for NOX and SO2 post-NREP scenario has been presented in Table 4.6 as given below.

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Table 4.6: Stack Wise NOx and SO2 Emission of Proposed Units in NRL

Stack Stack Name of Stack Temp. Exit Velocity SO2 NOx Tip Height (process unit) (Deg C) (m/sec) (kg/hr) (kg/hr) Dia. (m) (m)

CDU/VDU 3.8 60 150 4.7 4.83 32.29 VR REACTOR FEED FURNACE (E-BED) 1.45 60 280 4.8 0.55 3.65 HYDROGEN FURNACE (E-BED) 0.92 60 400 4.7 0.18 1.18 VAC TOWER FURNACE (E-BED) 1.38 60 390 4.7 0.4 2.67 VGO HDT FURNACE (E- BED) 2.85 60 150 4.7 2.73 18.25 REACTOR CHARGE HEATER (DHDT) 1.7 60 150 4.7 0.98 6.52 FRESH FEED PRE- HEATER (PFCC) 1.55 60 320 4.7 0.55 3.68 DIRECT FIRED HEATER (PFCC) 5.8 60 250 4.8 120 84 NHT REACTOR FEED HEATER (NHT) 1.47 60 250 4.6 0.56 3.75 CCR PRE-HEATER AND INTERHEATER 1/2/3 (CCR) 2.9 60 150 4.6 2.77 18.5 HDS REACTOR FEED HEATER (FCC-GDS) 0.94 60 340 4.6 0.19 1.285 SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT (SRU) 1.10 80 300 15 17.5 7 HYDROGEN GENERATION UNIT (HGU) 3.1 60 150 14.2 0.128 61.36 UTILITY BOILER (UB-1) 3.0 35 130 20.0 0.58 70.83 UTILITY BOILER (UB-2) 3.0 35 130 20.0 0.58 70.83

Impacts on Ambient Air due to releases of SO2

For predicting SO2 values, stack emission details of the above table has been considered for Air quality modeling.

The GLC isopleths generated in ISCST-3 AERMOD software for 24 hourly maximum averages for SO2 is shown in Figure 4.1. The results are tabulated in Table 4.7.

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Table 4.7– Predicted values of GLC for SO2

SO2 (24 hourly maximum) Maximum 98 Maximum GLC Distance Percentile Resultant Maximum From NRL Main from the Baseline 98 Percentile 24 hr GLC Gate (0,0); plant Value (within Value µg/m3 Co-ordinates boundary 10 km µg/m3 (m) (m) radius) µg/m3 Emission Outside scenario for the 12.5 -2053, -1481 19.4 31.9 proposed project Refinery Boundary

From the Table 4.7, SO2 value (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC)) of proposed project scenario is predicted as 12.5 µg/m3. The maximum GLC for SO2 occurs outside the Plant boundary at co-ordinate (-2053, -1481). By superimposing the same with background SO2 level (i.e. 98 percentile maximum baseline collected value), the maximum resultant GLC observed is 31.9 µg/m3. In both the cases the SO2 value is well within the standard limit of 80 µg/m3 for 24 hourly average for industrial and residential areas.

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Figure 4.1: Predicted GLC for 24 hours Maximum Concentration Values of SO2 due to emission from the proposed project

Impacts due to releases of NO2

For predicting NO2 values, stack emission details of the above table has been considered for Air quality modeling. The GLC isopleths generated in ISCST-3 AERMOD software for 24 hourly maximum averages for NO2 is shown in Figure 4.2. The results are tabulated in Table 4.8.

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Table 4.8 – Predicted values of GLC for NO2

NOX (24 hourly maximum)

Maximum GLC Maximum 98 Distance Resultant From NRL Percentile th Maximum from the 98 Main Gate Baseline 24 hr GLC plant Percentile House (0,0) Value (within µg/m3 boundary Value Co-ordinates 10 km radius) (m) µg/m3 (m) µg/m3

Emission scenario for proposed Outside the project 37.6 -1187,-981 33.3 70.9 Refinery Boundary

From the Table 4.8, NOx value (maximum 24 hr Ground Level Concentration (GLC)) of proposed project scenario is predicted as 37.6 µg/m3. The maximum GLC for NOx occurs outside the Plant boundary at co-ordinate (-1187,-981).

By superimposing the same with background NOx level (i.e. 98 percentile maximum baseline collected value), the maximum resultant GLC observed is 70.9 µg/m3. In both the cases the NOx value is well within the standard limit of 80 µg/m3 for 24 hourly average for industrial and residential areas.

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Figure 4.2: Predicted GLC for 24 hours Maximum Concentration Values of NOx due to the proposed project.

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4.3.1.3 Mitigation measures

During the design phase all efforts have been made to adopt latest state of art technology and to install adequate pollution control measures and for possible fugitive emission sources. The following mitigation measures will be employed during operation period to reduce the pollution level to acceptable limits:

. To ensure that all the pollution control facilities envisaged at the design stage have been implemented and are functioning properly.

. Clean fuels LNG (H2S content: Nil) and treated refinery fuel gas will be fired in the furnaces.

. Stack monitoring to ensure proper functioning of different pollution control facilities attached to major stacks. Existing On-line analyzers will be used for monitoring SO2 and NOX.

. A flue gas scrubber will be provided to reduce the SOx and particulate emissions from flue gases to local emissions stipulations.

. Combination of SCNR and SCR technologies along with low NOx burners will be used in CO incinerators to reduce NOx emissions.

. Air monitoring in the Work-zone to ensure proper functioning of fugitive emission control facilities.

. Vehicles and machineries would be regularly maintained so that emissions confirm to the applicable standards.

. Monitoring of ambient air quality through online AAQ monitoring system at three locations to measure/monitor the pollution level.

. Workers will be provided with adequate protective measures to protect them from inhaling dust.

. Design of the plant system to meet the OISD requirements.

. Provisions of the Safety Systems in the design with redundancy, and reliability are considered in depth.

. Operation of the plant by qualified manpower.

. Regular monitoring and review to ensure safe operation.

. Regular monitoring by Environmental Cell to demonstrate the compliance with Statutory limits in the public domain.

. Flare is envisaged for combustion of refinery off-gases.

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4.3.1.4 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9: Impact of Air Emissions (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Resultant baseline concentrations for SO2 & NOx are found well within prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Spatial Low Dispersion of these emissions leading to Ground level concentration (GLC) lies inside the site. Temporal High the impact has an important long-term effect (1-5 years) Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1 Impact(It) Medium By combining Is and temporal factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1 Overall Medium By combining It and Vulnerability factors as Significanc per methodology given in Section 4.1 e Value of Impact(S)

Mitigation measures

• Developing green belt in the proposed new premises. • Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment. • Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations. • Provision of Low NOx burners is envisaged in all furnaces.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During construction phase, raw water will be required for the following purposes:

• Civil works ( such as cement preparation, curing) • Domestic use (such as washing, laundry etc.) • Water sprinkling on site for dust abatement

Presently, raw water is sourced from Dhansiri River for existing refinery operation purposes. The drinking water and sanitation facilities available within the refinery will be extended to meet the additional work force required for expansion project. During the implementation of the project, the additional demand during the construction phase for sanitary and drinking purposes will be met from the existing sources. The existing drinking water header will be extended to the expansion site.

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Impact on water quality during construction phase may be due to non-point discharges of solids from soil loss. However, the construction will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection; hence the water requirements will be small.

The overall impact on water environment during construction phase due to proposed expansion project will be short term, insignificant and reversible.

The significance of the impact of raw water consumption on local water resources during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Impact of water Consumption (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Raw water requirement is met from already permitted quantity for refinery from river Dhansiri. Spatial low The impact extends in a restricted area within the site Temporal Medium The impact has a temporary and short term effect Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Significance Value of Impact(S)

The effluent streams that will be generated regularly during construction stage include the following:

• Sewage and from floor washing from work sites. • Cleaning and washing of equipment.

Temporary sanitation facilities (soak pits/septic tanks) will be set up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force. Since, most of the construction work force is locals, the demand of water and sanitation facilities will be small and is considered manageable at the site itself.

The significance of the impact of waste water generation during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11: Impact of Effluent Generation (Construction Phase)

Value of Factors of Assessment Justification assessment Intensity Low Releases of low quantity Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area inside the site (< 1 km) Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term effect (1 day – 1 week)

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Value of Factors of Assessment Justification assessment Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact(S)

Mitigation Measures

• Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

Operation Phase

Impact Evaluation

The impact on water environment during the operation phase of the proposed changes shall be in terms of water consumption and waste water generation due to process activities. Raw water shall be made available from the nearby River Dhansiri. Proposed raw water requirement is 2508 m3/hr (post-NREP). Total allocated raw water 2465 m3/hr by Irrigation Dept., Assam vide NOC letter no.: DDMI/TB-8/1728/2011/28; 02/05/2019. (Ref. letter is attached as Annexure-VI) and earlier approval of 1200 m3/hr of raw water letter is also attached with Annexure-VI.

Based on the above, there will be minimal and reversible impact on water environment. The impact of water consumption on local resources during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12: Impact of Water Consumption (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Sourced from Dhansiri River (within allocated quantity). Spatial low The impact extends in a restricted area within the site Temporal High the water required for project will be sourced from the Dhansiri river Vulnerability Medium Designated Industrial area Evaluation of factors

Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors

Overall Significance Medium By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact (S)

There shall be approximately 300 m3/hr additional wastewater generations from the proposed expansion of units which will be disposed to Dhansiri River with TDS ~4000- 6000ppm. The additional wastewater generated as a result of expansion is proposed to

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be treated in a separate effluent treatment plant to meet the requirements as prescribed

by MoEFCC/CPCB.

Effluents from the refinery complex are analyzed on a periodical basis and report is submitted to PCB, Assam at regular intervals. A perusal of the data indicates that treated effluent from the existing plant meets all standards laid down by PCB, Assam. Hence, there shall be no impact on water environment.

The effluent to be treated in the ETP can be broadly classified as: . Oily effluent streams, . Spent caustic effluent streams, . Sanitary effluent streams (treated in a sanitary effluent treatment plant), . CRW Streams.

Oily effluent streams from various parts of the refinery are to be collected in an effluent receiving sump & routed to the ETP for treatment. Design flow capacity for the oily effluent streams is 90 m3/hr. The collected effluent is routed to API and TPI followed by the DAF for oil removal. Sequential batch reactor (SBR) and Membrane bio reactor (MBR) are the biological cum polishing treatment systems.

Spent caustic streams from refinery units is stored within ETP battery limit before feeding to the ETP at controlled rate for the treatment of its high sulfide concentration & other contaminants. The treatment envisaged is Oxidation by Hydrogen peroxide treatment.

Contaminated rain water from the plant area shall be received by pumping from the plant area. Dry weather flow from oily waste sewer, which is mainly floor wash, shall be taken directly at API separator. Contaminated rain water shall be stored for 1 hr duration in a tank and shall be treated along with the oily effluent.

The impact of effluent generation during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.13.

Table 4.13: Impact of Effluent Generation (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Release of effluent 300 m3/hr. to disposed in Dhansiri river Spatial low Impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (< 5 km) Temporal High The impact has a long term effect.

Vulnerability Medium Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors

Overall Significance Medium By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact (S)

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Mitigation Measures

• Reuse of storm water scheme as cooling tower make up is under implementation as step towards conservation of water. • The treated effluent will be disposed as per the existing practice.

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The main sources of noise during construction will be:

• Site preparation. • Civil works • Heavy equipment operations

Construction noise levels associated with typical machinery based on “BS 5228: 1997 Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Operation Sites” are summarized in the Table 4.14.

Table 4.14: Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery

Reference Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Distance Earth Movers Front Loaders 72-84 0.9 m Backhoes 72-93 " Tractors 72-96 " Scrapers, Graders 80-93 " Pavers 86-88 " Trucks 82-94 " Material Handlers Concrete Mixers 75-88 0.9 m Concrete Pumps 81-83 " Cranes (movable) 75-86 " Cranes (derrick) 86-88 “ Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference Distance Stationary Equipment Pumps 69-71 0.9 m Generators 71-82 " Compressors 74-86 "

The impact of noise emissions on ambient noise levels are summarized in Table 4.15.

Table 4.15 : Impact on Ambiant Noise (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Releases of low quantity Spatial Medium Impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (<1 km)

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Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Temporal Low The impact has a temporary and short term effect (1 day – 1 week) Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

. Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles. . Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipments with intermitted use are switched off when not working). . Ensuring DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers. . NRL has developed a greenbelt both in refinery and marketing terminal with significant nos. of fast growing saplings to mitigate various noise levels.

4.5.2 OPERATION PHASE

During operational phase of the proposed project, the noise shall be caused due to various rotating equipment viz. Pumps, Compressors & Mixers, Cooling Tower etc. The Table 4.14 gives the listing of various noise generating sources along with their design noise level considered. The impact of these noise emissions during operation is summarized in Table 4.16.

Table 4.16: Impact on Ambient Noise (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Releases of low quantity Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site. Temporal Low The impact has an important and long term effect (1 – 5 years) Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Significance LOW By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

• Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas. • Provision of adequate PPE’s like ear muffs at the high noise areas. • Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment. • Ensuring DG sets have acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers as per design.

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4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

A thematic map of Land use and land cover of 10 km radius from the project location indicating buildup, Agriculture, Industrial, Residential, Commercial etc within study area super imposed with boundary which has been given in Annexure-VIII.

4.6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impact on land environment during construction phase shall be due to generation of debris/construction material, which shall be properly collected and disposed off. However, being the modifications limited to existing area, the generation of such waste shall be minimal.

During construction, there will be no routine discharge or activity potentially impacting soils and groundwater.

The impact on land use and topography during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17: Impact on Land Use & Topography (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Solid waste is generated during the construction period and the same shall be disposed suitably. Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site. Temporal Medium the impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year) Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Significance Value of Impact (S)

There is potential for impact on soil quality due to project-related spills and leaks of fuel and chemicals and uncontrolled disposal of wastes and wastewater. Care will be taken to avoid spills and leaks of hazardous substances and all project-related wastes. Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled.

The impact on soil quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18: Impact on Soil Quality (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Releases of low quantity Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site. Temporal Medium The impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year) Vulnerability Low Open area

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Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

• Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary. • Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills. • Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage. • The hazardous materials generated if any shall be disposed off as per prevailing practices in line with the requirement. • Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan for the construction phase.

4.6.2 OPERATION PHASE

The impact on land environment during operational phase shall be due to disposal of solid and hazardous waste generated during operation. Details of solid waste that will be generated from the proposed project have been already covered in Chapter 2. The impacts on soil quality during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.19.

Table 4.19: Impact on Soil Quality (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Releases of low quantity Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site. Temporal Low the impact has a short term effect Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Significance Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

• Disposing of hazardous wastes to be carried out as per standard practices. Spent catalysts generated if any shall be disposed off to authorized recyclers by the concerned statutory authorities. or TSDF.

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4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.7.1 Construction phase

Impact Evaluation

The proposed facilities are to be developed within the available area of the existing refinery.

This area is a graded land without any vegetation. The project site does not harbor any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of construction activities on fauna will be insignificant. The impacts on flora and fauna during construction phase are summarized in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20: Impact on Biological Environment (Construction Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Clearing of scanty vegetation Spatial Low Impact extends inside the site Temporal Low The impact has short term effect due to clearance of scanty vegetation. Vulnerability Low Industrial area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures:

• Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction. • Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste. • Training of drivers to maintain speed limits. • Restriction in the night time work and use of flood lights.

4.7.2 Operation phase

Impact Evaluation

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited to long run impact of emissions and traffic movement. Details of all type of impacts that can occur during operation phase.

Impacts on Flora & Fauna during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21: Impact on Biological Environment (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Resultant GLC’s within the ambient air quality standards. Spatial Low Impact extends inside the site Temporal Low Impact has an temporary and short term effect

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Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Vulnerability Low Industrial area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Significance Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation measures • Maintain the greenbelt already developed. • Plant additional trees during operation phase.

4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

4.8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During the construction period, there will be short-term socio-economic impacts, which include employment and population, economic activities, housing and settlement and the need for basic facilities / amenities.

4.8.1.1 Employment Generation

Direct and indirect employment of 1500 to 2000 will be required during the construction period for about 4 years. Most of the workers required are unskilled and semi-skilled. In addition, indirect employment will also be created but the number is very much limited to commercial activities like selling food and sundry items, transportation and security.

Considering the large increase in demand for workers, it is expected that a large number of workers will come from outside, while a number of local residents may be hired from a pool of unemployed or from those who are willing to switch jobs temporarily, especially those in the unskilled category. Consequent to the temporary migration of people from other districts/ states, the demographic profile would be affected in terms of age, number, skills and sex composition. With the expected increase in population there could be a need for some social adjustment and need for administrative control in the area.

Further, the project will provide temporary employment of skilled and highly skilled manpower. Most of the people will be employees of contractors/ subcontractors. The number of employees deployed is likely to increase gradually, peak and then gradually fall to normal levels on the completion of the project.

4.8.1.2 Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of both the personnel and materials. The site is well connected to direct road on all sides.

(a) Transport of Personnel Transport of the managerial personnel is likely to increase the vehicular traffic on the roads connecting the proposed site to the city. The incremental traffic for the additional people would be about 50 cars.

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(b) Transport of construction materials

The transport of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in the impact area. The constructions of capital intensive structures such as reactors and columns require iron and steel, heavy construction equipment and other construction materials.

They will have to be transported to the site using trucks. Roughly, on an average of approximately 10 trucks per day will be needed for transporting the construction materials.

The incremental daily traffic during construction phase works out to be about 50 cars and 4 buses per day.

4.8.1.3 Effect on Other Local Infrastructure

The majority of unskilled labourers are available in the impact area itself, the incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal. But, during the working hours of the day, the demand for food, water, sanitation and health facilities at the construction site will go up.

Though the truck drivers appear to form a floating population, there will be a general flow of this group throughout the duration of the construction phase. There will be an impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the truck drivers. The impact of construction activities on socio-economic environment during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.22.

Table 4.22: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (Construction Phase)

Value of Factors of assessment Justification assessment Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and other utilities in a phased manner. Also it is considered as a positive impact in terms of employment generation Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area outside the boundary (< 2 km). Also this is a positive impact in terms of employment generation. Temporal Low The impact has an medium term effect (1 week – 1 year). Also this is a positive impact in terms of employment generation Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Significance Low By combining It and Vulnerability Value of Impact(S) factors

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Mitigation Measures

• Conducting awareness programs for workers. • Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles. • Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery. • Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and traffic hazards. • Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to minimize flow of traffic. • Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure. • Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even temporarily. • Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites. • Preventing possession of fire arms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security.

4.8.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

Operational phase of the plant covers the entire life span of the plant. Hence the impacts of the operational phase extend over a long period of time. These impacts include employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure. Moreover, all the facilities required for this project shall be present in existing Refinery premises and already acquired leased plots available adjacent to refinery. Hence there is no applicability of Rehabilitation and Resettlement policy (R & R) for this project. All these areas are under direct control of NRL and there is no settlement inside boundaries of these areas.

Employment Scenario

Employment of approximately 500 persons directly and around 1500 persons indirectly is envisaged during operation phase.

Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise due to the movement of both the personnel and materials.

(a) Transport of Personnel

Transport of the managerial personnel is likely to increase the vehicular traffic on the roads connecting the proposed site to the city. The incremental traffic for the additional people would be about 50 cars.

(b) Transport due to movement of materials/products

A dedicated parking space is available for movement of trucks in the marketing terminal inside and outside of the refinery. There will be 50 additional trucks movement envisaged. Hence, the existing parking space is adequate.

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In existing scenario of Numaligarh refinery complex around 150 no. of trucks per day is envisaged and due to proposed project, it will be increased by 50 trucks per day for the transportation (‘to and fro’ movement) of raw material, finish products and other.

The impact of these activities on socio-economic environment during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.23.

Table 4.23: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (Operation Phase)

Factors of Value of Justification assessment assessment Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and other utilities in marginal quantities/Nos. Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area outside the site Temporal Low The impact has a medium term effect Vulnerability Low Open area Evaluation of factors Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors Overall Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors Significance Value of Impact (S)

Mitigation Measures

o Extending reach of CER Program to the surrounding villages. o Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles. o Improvement in health, education facilities. o Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles. o Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery. o Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and traffic hazards. o Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to minimize flow of traffic. o Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure. o Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even temporarily. o Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites. o Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security.

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4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS:

Based on the above evaluation the significance value of impact on various components of environment during construction and operation phases is summarized and is given in Table 4.24.

Table 4.24: Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value

Environmental component Construction Operation Air Low Low Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Medium Generation of Effluent Low Medium Land Land use & Topography Low Low Soil Quality Low Low Noise Low Low Biological Low Low Socio-Economic Low Low

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CHAPTER – 5

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

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5.0 INTRODUCTION

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operations. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring.

Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried out over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE

Development of the program during the planning process shall be conducted or supported by environmental specialists. However, the implementation responsibility rests with working managers of NRL, who should, therefore, ensure they fully understand and subscribe to the commitments being made. These commitments will include the legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other corporate commitment to responsible environment management.

NRL had already an Engineering Group to review the effectiveness of environment management system during construction and operational phase of existing and proposed project expansion. The Environmental Monitoring Cell (EMC) is a part of Engineering Group who works for monitoring and meet regularly to review the effectiveness of the EMP implementation.

The data collected on various EMP measures would be reviewed by EMC and if needed corrective action will be formulated for implementation. The organogram of NRL EMC is given below in Figure 5.1.

Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological / biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

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Director (Technical)

GM (TS)

Deputy GM (TS)

Chief Manager (TS)

Manager (TS)

Fig. 5.1 HSE Organogram of NRL

5.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING

To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the broad objectives of monitoring plan are:

• To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the environmental monitoring programme. • To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment. • To suggest improvements in management plan, if required. • To enhance environmental quality. • To undertake compliance monitoring of the proposed project operation and evaluation of mitigative measure.

5.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Chapter-4 describes the impacts and mitigation measures envisaged during construction phase vis-à-vis the environmental components which are likely to get impacted in case mitigation measures are not adequately followed. In view of the same the environmental components / indicators which are to be monitored during construction phase are air, water, noise levels and soil. Due to construction activities, the environmental monitoring program shall be accordingly arranged.

The air quality (at the project site and ambient air quality in the surrounding nearby villages) will indicate to which extent the mitigation measures are being followed. Similarly the up-stream and downstream surface water quality (w.r.t. project site), will indicate the quality and extent of wastewater from the project site is being discharged in

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to the canal (vis-à-vis the extent of environmental mitigation measures being followed during construction phase). Likewise the monitoring of ground water, up-gradient and down-gradient of project site will indicate seepage of pollutants in to ground water from the construction site.

The noise levels at the project site and surrounding premises has been planned to be assessed to which the construction workers are exposed during construction phase. This will indicate the level of noise mitigation measures being followed during the construction phase.

The soil quality at the project site will indicate the pollutant fallout from the construction site. The environmental monitoring programme during construction phase is presented in Table 5.1. The implementation of monitoring will be contractor’s responsibility and the supervision will be done by NRL.

Table 5.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme – Construction Phase (4 years)

No. of Samples / year Comp (Locations X Parameters Location / Frequency of Monitoring onent Monitoring Frequency) At two locations, one at project site and SO , NO , another is at plant boundary. Twice in a Air 2 x 4 x 3 PM10 & PM2.5 season (except monsoon) per year for 2.5 years One surface water in the project site per Surface Water: season. CPCB surface

Water water criteria; 3 x 3 Two Ground Water: One Up-gradient and Ground Water: One Down-gradient of project site per IS:10500 season. At two locations, one at project site and Noise Levels another is at plant boundary. Once in a Noise 2 x 3 Leq (A) season (except monsoon) per year for 2.5 years As per At one location, in the project site. Twice Soil standard 1 x 2 in a year. practice Note: Construction Period is 4 Years

The proposed environmental monitoring program during construction phase of the expansion of NRL is mentioned below Table 5.2.

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Table 5.2 Proposed Environmental Monitoring during Project Construction Stage

Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring 1 Air Emissions All equipment is Random checks Periodic operated within of equipment specified design logs/ parameters. manuals Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Periodic during minimized to the extent site clearance & possible. construction activities Any dry, dusty materials Absence of Periodic during stored in sealed stockpiles or construction containers or prevented open activities from blowing. containers of dusty materials. Compaction of soil Construction Periodic during during logs construction various construction activities activities 2 Noise Night working is to be Working hour Daily records minimized. records

Generation of vehicular Maintenance of Daily records noise records of vehicles

Acoustic mufflers / Mufflers / Prior to use of enclosures enclosures in equipment. to be provided in large place. engines Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Periodic during minimized to the extent construction possible activities 3 Soil Erosion Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in Periodic during wherever possible. place. construction activities 4 Health Employees and migrant All relevant Regular check labour health check ups parameters ups including audiomerty 5 Construction Away from settlements Regular Pre-construction camps and ensure disciplinary monitoring procedures.

Avoid use of public infrastructural facilities such as power, gas and water and maintain

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Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring hygienic conditions 6 Waste Identification & Comprehensive Periodic check Management characterization of Waste during every waste arising from Management construction proposed activities as Plan activities per prevalent waste in place and management plan and available for which also identifies the inspection on- procedures for site. collection, Compliance with handling & disposal of Hazardous each waste arising. Wastes (Management and Handling Rules), 2008 7 Fuel and oil Use designated fuel Visual inspection Throughout leaks storage methods and and monitoring construction ensure that oil spill of period response plan is in soil and ground place water quality

8 Non-routine Plan to be drawn up, Mock drills and Periodic during events and considering likely records of the construction accidental emergencies and steps same activities releases required to prevent/limit consequences. 9 Public and Erection of warning Routine Throughout animal safety barriers monitoring and construction checks period 10 Water and waste Take care in disposal of Discharge norms Periodic during water Waste water generated for effluents as construction such that soil and given in permits activities groundwater resources are protected.

5.4 OPERATION PHASE

The components / indicators of different environmental monitoring program are as under.

5.4.1 Monitoring For Pollutants

As stated under Chapter-4, the environmental stresses from pollutants are marginal. Often the range of impact is limited to the plant and in its immediate vicinity, the monitoring schedule is evolved accordingly.

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5.4.1.1 Work zone noise levels

NRL will monitor the noise levels inside and around the plant once in every two months as per standard practice in line with requirement. Extensive survey will be done in occupied areas near the sources of noise. Monitoring will be done as per below mentioned Table 5.3. NRL will keep a record of noise levels and take necessary organizational actions like rotation of workmen, availability and use of personal protective devices, damage to enclosures or insulation layers over enclosures and piping. Table 5.3 Noise Level to be monitored

Description Nos. of Locations Monitoring Frequency Work zone No.of location shall be fixed after project Once in every two Noise implementation. months in and around project area. *Noise Level in Leq (A)

5.4.1.2 Stack Gas Monitoring

The flue gas coming out from the stacks will be sampled and monitored for SO2, NOx, CO and PM. Manual monitoring of the flue gases will be done once in every two months as prescribed by MoEFCC circular, 2008.

5.4.1.3 Effluent Monitoring for ETP

Effluent at the inlet and outlet from ETP at the site would be monitored. The parameters to be monitored as per CPCB standard. The monitoring frequency will be as prescribed by MoEFCC circular, 2008.

5.4.2 Meteorology The temperature, wind speed, wind direction, cloud cover, and rainfall shall be monitored and recorded daily. These data shall be used for detailed short term and long term predictions of atmospheric dispersion of the pollutants released from the stack.

5.4.3 Ambient Air Quality

Presently one continuous AAQM stations is in place in the refinery along with 4 manual station in and around the refinery including one Ambient Air Quality monitoring station in Agaratoli of Kaziranga National Park. The equipment at the continuous monitoring stations has facilities to monitor parameters as per NAAQS 2009. AAQ is being monitored as per NAAQS 2009 (Table 5.4).

After the implementation of the proposed project the ambient air shall be regularly monitored as given in Table 5.4.

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Table 5.4 Ambient air to be monitored

Number of Sl Description AAQ Monitoring Frequency No Stations 1. Ambient Air Quality (manual) in 3 Two samples per week in AAQMS each station- 24 hour continuous except monsoon * All Parameters of NAAQS, 2009.

5.4.4 Wastewater from Project Site

All the waste water generated within the refinery shall be treated up to the applicable standard. The treated wastewater from ETP will be recycled/ reused as per the existing practice of the refinery.

5.4.5 Ambient Noise

Ambient noise shall be monitored at two locations in villages surrounding the refinery, twice in each season.

5.4.6 Ground Water Monitoring

Ground water shall be sampled from wells / hand-pumps / tube-wells, up gradient and down gradient of the plant area and the residential area to check for possible contamination and to ascertain the trend of variation in the water quality, if any. In case any adverse trend is noticed, immediate remedial measures shall be taken. A total of four samples shall be monitored once in each month for the critical parameters.

5.4.7 Soil Quality Monitoring

Soil samples from one location in the project site shall be analysed twice a year.

5.4.8 Solid/Hazardous Waste Disposal

Hazardous waste generated from the refinery will be disposed as per applicable stipulations of statutory authorities. Periodic surveillance monitoring will be conducted to ensure that the wastes are disposed in the manner as specified.

5.4.9 Green Belt Development

The following plan has been made for implementation of green belt at the site for the proposed project: • Annual plans for tree plantation with 1500 trees per ha to be planted. The fulfillment of the plan shall be monitored every six months. • A plan for post plantation care will be reviewed in every monthly meeting. Any abnormal death rate of planted trees shall be investigated. • Regular periodic watering of the plants, manuring, weeding, hoeing will be carried out after the plantation work.

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5.4.10 Socio-Economic Development

The proposed expansion will improve the infra-structure & socio-economic conditions thus will enhance the overall development of the region. The communities, which are benefited by the plant, are thus one of the key stakeholders. It is suggested that the plant management under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plan will have structured interactions with the community to disseminate the measures planned / taken by NRL and also to elicit suggestions from stake-holders for overall improvement for the development of the area.

The proposed environmental monitoring programme during operation phase of the expansion of NRL is mentioned below Table 5.5.

Table 5.5 Proposed Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase

Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring 1 Air Emissions Stack emissions Gaseous Online to be optimized and emissions continuous. monitored. (SO2, PM, CO, NOx) or as per consent of SPCB. Cold venting any from Quantity and Continuous storage tanks cold venting if any. Ambient air quality SPM, RSPM, As per CPCB/ within the premises of SO2, NOx, CO, PCB, Assam the proposed unit and HC requirement or nearby habitations to be on monthly basis monitored. Vehicle logs to whichever Exhaust from vehicles be maintained is earlier to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate. Measuring onsite data Wind speed, Periodic during of Meteorology direction, operation temp., relative phase humidity and rainfall. Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Daily records minimized to the extent Possible. 2 Indoor air Pollutants such as CO, Monitoring of As per CPCB / contamination CO2 and VOCs to indoor air PCB, Assam be reduced by providing pollutants such requirement adequate ventilation. as CO, CO2 and VOCs.

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Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring 3 Noise Noise generated from Spot Noise Periodic during operation of DG set to Level operation be optimized and recording; phase monitored. DG sets are Leq(night), to be provided at Leq(day), basement with acoustic Leq(dn) enclosures Generation of vehicular Maintain records Periodic during noise of vehicles operation phase 4 Water Quality Monitoring groundwater Comprehensive Once in a and Water quality and levels monitoring as season Levels around refinery per IS 10500 premises 5 Wastewater No untreated discharge No discharge Periodic during Discharge to be made to surface hoses in vicinity operation water, groundwater or of water courses. phase soil. The cleaning water shall be disposed in nearby ETP. Take care in disposal of Discharge norms Periodic during Wastewater generated for effluents as operation such that soil and per ETP norms phase Groundwater resources are protected. 6 Maintenance Vegetation and No. of plants Periodic during of flora and greenbelt / species operation fauna green cover phase development. 7 Health Employees and migrant All relevant Regular check labour health check ups. parameters ups including audiometry

8 Energy Usage Energy usage power Energy audit Annual audits generation, air report and periodic conditioning and other checks during activities to be operational minimized. phase Conduct annual energy audit for the terminals

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CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

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6.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is planning and implementation of various pollution abatement measures for any proposed project. The EMP lists out all these measures not only for the operational phase of the plant but also for the construction phase and planning phase. The EMP is prepared keeping in view all possible strategies oriented towards the impact minimisation.

The EMP for the proposed project is divided into three phases i.e. Planning, Construction and Operational phase. The planning phase lists out the control strategies to be adopted during the design considerations. The construction and operational phase detail out the control/abatement measures to be adopted during these phases.

6.1.1 Environmental Management at Existing Refinery

As on today, all conditions stipulated by MoEFCC and SPCB, Assam are implemented and compliance statement of all environmental clearances is submitted to RO-MoEFCC.

The basic principles adopted for the environmental management is given below:

a. All emissions are released below the stipulated limits. b. There will be minimal additional air emissions. c. Flare tip is designed to ensure smokeless conditions. d. Ambient air quality is monitored regularly. e. All noise generating equipment are identified and adequate safety measures are in place. f. Audiometric tests and ambient noise monitoring is carried out at regular intervals. g. Periodic meetings are carried out for discussion of minimization of wastes generated within refinery, their collection and disposal. h. Social welfare schemes are implemented towards corporate social responsibility. i. Extensive tree plantation is carried out near refinery and township region.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE

6.2.1 Design Considerations

Government of India has made many legislations/rules for the protection and improvement of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules applicable to the proposed project facilities are given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules

Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions The Environment (Protection) Section 7: Not to allow emission or discharge of Act, 1986, amended up to 1991 environmental pollutants in excess of prescribed standards Section 8: Handling of Hazardous substances Section 10: Power of entry and inspection Section 11: Power to take samples Section 15 – 19: Penalties and procedures Environment (Protection) Rules, Rule 3: Standards for emissions or discharge of 1986 (Amendments in 1999, environmental pollutants

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Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions 2001, 2002, 2002, 2003, 2004, Rule 5: Prohibition and restriction on the location of March 2008 ) industries and the carrying on process and operations in different areas Rule 13: Prohibition and restriction on the handling of hazardous substances in different areas Rule 14: Submission of environmental statement The Air (Prevention and Control Section 21: Consent from State Boards of Pollution) Act 1981, as Section 37: Penalties and Procedures amended upto 1987. MoEF notification dated National Ambient air quality standards November 18, 2009 vide circular no G.S.R 186(E) for ambient air quality The Water (Prevention and Section 3: Levy and Collection of Cess Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Section 24: Prohibition on disposal as amended upto 2003. Section 25: Restriction on New Outlet and New Discharge Section 26: Provision regarding existing discharge of sewage or trade effluent EIA Notification 2006 and Requirements and procedure for seeking subsequent amendments environmental clearance of projects Noise Pollution (Regulation and Ambient noise standards and requirements of DG Control) Rules, 2000, amended sets up to 2010. MoEF notification dated August Revised standards for Load/mass based standards 21, 2009 vide circular no G.S.R for SRU. 595(E) for Oil Refinery Industry MoEF notification dated March Revised standards for emissions or discharge of 18, 2008 vide circular no G.S.R environmental pollutants 186(E) for Oil Refinery Industry Manufacture storage and import Rule 4: Responsibility of operator of hazardous chemicals rules 1989 amended 2000 MoEF notification dated March Section 8: Responsibility of waste generator 18, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R 320(E) for Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules MoEF notification dated March Section 5: Responsibility of producer 23, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R 338(E) for e-waste

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Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions (Management) Rules MoEF notification dated April 4, Section 4: Responsibilities of the occupier for 2016 vide circular no G.S.R management of hazardous and other wastes 338(E) for Hazardous and Other Section 6: Grant of authorisation for managing Wastes (Management and hazardous and other wastes Transboundary Movement) Section 8: Storage of hazardous and other wastes Rules, 2016 Section 9: Utilisation of hazardous and other wastes MoEF notification dated April 8, Section 4: Duities of waste generators 2016 vide circular no G.S.R 1357(E) for Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

Proposed project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents. Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this Project.

During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant layout shall be reviewed as a part of HAZOP/HAZAN studies to assess the risks involved.

The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid effluent discharges, noise generation, solid wastes disposal etc. are described below.

6.2.2 Air Environment

The gaseous emissions from the refinery complex will be controlled to meet all the relevant standards stipulated by the regulatory authorities. Standards applicable to this refinery project can be classified into three categories:

• Emission Standards. • VOC Emission and Control. • Fugitive emission and control.

The standards and compliance to the above standards are given below:

Emission Standards

There are about 12 numbers of major stacks in the existing refinery. Air emission from each stack of the proposed project is given in Table 4.6 of chapter 4 and is complied with their applicable standards.

Some of the measures for stack emission and height of stacks are as follows: • NRL has installed low NOx burners in all the stacks and adequate stack heights were maintained. • The heights of various stacks will be determined taking into consideration the

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"Guidelines for Minimum Stack Height" as per notification by MoEF dated 19th May 1993, which fixes the minimum stack height based on emission of Sulphur Dioxide.

This is as given below:

H=14(Q) 0.3 Where, H = Stack Height in m, Q = Sulphur Dioxide emission in kg/hr.

If, the Pollution Control Board specifies any minimum stack height, the higher of the two will be selected. The proposed project is designed in such a way that the total emissions from the refinery complex will meet all the applicable standards/stipulations.

VOC Emission and Control

In petroleum complexes, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to air depends on the products handled at the plant and may include acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, toluene, and xylene. VOC emissions are mostly fugitive and depend upon the production processes, material handling and effluent treatment procedures, equipment maintenance, and climatic conditions.

These fugitive emissions originate from the static and dynamic compressor joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, valve packings and connection joints to the atmosphere like sampling, relief valves, etc.

In order to minimize the fugitive emissions, the following measures will be taken:

- Minimum number of flanges, valves, etc. - High grade gasket material for packing - Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves preferably with bellow seals - Usage of pumps with mechanical seals - Provisions of floating roof storage tanks - Provisions of double seal in some of storage tanks - Provision of seals in the drains and manholes - A VOC recovery system in ETP is implemented.

Odour Control

As a part of gaseous emissions control, proper odour control is also required. The odour from the complex originates due to fugitive emissions or leakages. Therefore, the design measures suggested as a part of controlling fugitive emissions are also applicable to odour control as well.

In addition to aforementioned measures, green belts are also used to form a surface capable of absorbing and forming sinks for odorous gases. Leaves with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their surface, thus effectively reduce their concentrations in the ambient air and source emissions.

While making choice of plant species for green belts, weightage has to be given to the natural factor of bio-climate. Odour can be reduced by developing green belt.

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Fugitive Emission

Fugitive emission of Hydrocarbons is mostly from storage tanks. The regular fugitive emission survey is being carried out with the help of GMI Gaskoseeker as part of monitoring and control of fugitive emission. The GMI survey has been carried out in all gas/vapour valves, light liquid valves, hydrogen valves, light liquid pump seals, hydrocarbon compressor seals, hydrogen compressor seals, drains, tankages, furnaces etc. It is being practiced in all the Process Units, Tankage areas, Marketing Terminals, ETP and other important locations.

As a step towards control and minimizing fugitive emission, NRL has also implemented a VOC recovery system as per MOEFCC Notification 2006 in ETP.

A meticulously planned and developed Green Belt of around 100 meter width around the Refinery and around 25 meter width around the NRMT has been developed and has grown into a rich foliage, rendering a perfectly natural barrier to the industrial noise, minor air pollutants from reaching the immediate surroundings, both human population, rich flora & fauna and also help in mitigating the effects of fugitive emission in all around.

6.2.3 Noise Environment

The selection of additional equipment will be made with specification of low noise levels as a major consideration. The design will be undertaken with the aim of minimizing noise at source. Noise suppression measures such as enclosures and buffers will be used to limit noise levels in areas frequented by personnel to below 85 dB(A).

Comprehensive measures for noise control, at the design stage, shall be followed in terms of:

- Noise level specification of various rotating equipment as per Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) standards.

- Equipment layout considering segregation of high noise generating sources.

- Erecting suitable enclosures, if required, to minimize the impact of high noise generating sources.

- Sizing the flare lines with low Mach number to have lower noise levels.

- Development of Green belt of appropriate width all around the rrefinery complex towards noise attenuation

6.2.4 Water Environment

At the design stage, there are several measures proposed to be incorporated in the process so as to minimise the impact on water environment during operational phase on the surrounding water bodies. Some of these measures are described in subsequent sections.

Water treatment within refinery complex for various purposes shall include the following techniques which is efficient and provides small quantity of discharge.

• Raw water treatment Plant:

Water requirement for the project is proposed to be draw from the existing source i.e. Dhansiri river. Total water requirement for NRL refinery (post-NREP) is 2508 m3/hr. Water withdrawal permission received from State Govt is granted.

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• Effluent treatment Plant:

The effluents form the proposed project will be routed to the new Effluent Treatment Plant (300 m3/hr) to treat the additional wastewater generated due to the proposed plant. Effluent discharged routed to Dhansiri River.

6.2.5 Land Environment

During the design stage itself due care will be taken to select the process technologies generating minimum solid wastes so that their handling, treatment and disposal do not cause any serious impact on the existing land environment. Also, efforts will be made to recycle some of the spent catalysts by way of returning to the original supplier for reprocessing.

The solid wastes management plan proposed is briefly described below. The provisions of Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2008, amended up to 2009 will be complied with. There are primarily two types of solid wastes generated from the proposed project:

1. Spent Catalysts 2. General Solid Wastes

Spent Catalysts

Patented catalysts are used in various process units. Spent catalysts will be disposed off through authorised recyclers.

Solid Wastes

Solid wastes generated will be disposed off as per existing practices.

Oily sludge

The oil will be extracted from the oily sludge and the remaining part disposed off through bio-remediation by applying oil zapper/or selling to CPCB approved recyclers. Oily sludge generated from ETP shall be disposed off in the Secured Landfill Facility as per prevailing practices.

The NRL has a well maintained waste management system where all solid waste and oily sludge waste have been taken care properly. A solid waste disposal site is available inside the refinery complex for proper segregation and disposal of various solid wastes.

6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during construction phase is localised in nature and is for a short period at all sites. In order to develop effective mitigation plan, it is important to conceive the specific activities during construction phase causing environmental impact.

All the construction activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant and NRL. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, and HSE management system for complete EPC phase of the project. The various HSE requirements/Deliverables that will be developed is given in Table 6.2.

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Table 6.2 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase

Element of HSE Management Sl. No. HSE Requirements/Deliverables System 1.0 Preservation Development of Principal Environmental Flow Diagram and Environmental Balance 2.0 Progress HSE Measurement Requirements 3.0 Durable Development Implementation Plan for Environmental Management Plan indicated in Final EIA report (Approved by MoEF) 4.0 Regulation Environmental Philosophy & Safety Philosophy 5.0 Prevention and Proactive Implementation of findings of Risk Management of Risk Assessment Study 6.0 Continuous Improvement 6.1 HSE Close out Report 6.2 HSE Audit Requirements 6.3 Project HSE Review 7.0 Formation and Sensibilisation HSE Training Requirements 8.0 Information and Communication 8.1 HSE Communication Requirements 8.2 HSE Resources 8.3 Competency Requirements 8.4 HSE Documentation 8.5 HSE Records 8.6 HSE Procedures 9.0 Responsibilities HSE Management System Requirements

HSE Policy of NRL

NRL is having well documented Health, Safety and Environment Policy for the workers and employees who are working in the refinery. The Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy is given in Figure 6.1.

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Figure 6.1: Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy of NRL

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6.3.1 Air Quality

Presently ambient air quality is monitored at one number automatic monitoring station in the refinery complex as per NAAQS 2009 standard.

As mentioned in Chapter-4, there will be minimal increase in particulate matter levels in ambient air during construction of proposed activities. The proposed activities are to be within the existing refinery complex. A systematic additional development of greenbelt will be recommended within the refinery complex under this EMP. This additional green belt will further reduce the local concentrations of particulate matter.

All the major dust generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HSE Manager. As indicated in Table 6.1 of Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient air quality monitored before and during all dust generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HSE manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 6.1 of Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

6.3.2 Noise Quality

As explained above the existing green belt within the existing refinery complex is adequate to attenuate noise to significant levels. Also ambient noise levels measured at various locations within refinery complex are found within limits.

All the major noise generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HSE Manager. As indicated in Table 6.1, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient noise monitored before and during all noise generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HSE manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 6.1 of Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

6.3.3 Water Quality

The existing drinking and sanitation facilities at the refinery complex will be extended to the construction workforce. No additional measures are suggested.

All the major water consumption and wastewater generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HSE Department. As indicated in Table 6.1 of Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the total water supplied by tankers and wastage of the same shall be monitored before and during all such construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HSE manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 6.1 of Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

6.3.4 Socio-economic

The presence of highly skilled labour force around the plant area will ensure the availability of labour at construction site. This will lead to non-requirement of any kind of temporary housing near the construction site but may put stress in the existing transport system and traffic density. A proper traffic and man power management may reduce this problem in a substantial way. The health records of all construction force will be collected and will be supervised by medical in-charge specially appointed by EPC Contractor.

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6.3.5 Biological Environment

As discussed in section 6.3.1, a systematic additional greenbelt development plan within the refinery complex is recommended under this EMP. This additional green belt will further reduce the local concentrations of particulate matter. Also this will protect from soil erosion and conserve the local biodiversity.

A summary of impacts, mitigation measures and proper environmental management plan for post expansion phase of NRL refinery during construction phase is given in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 Summary of Impacts and Environmental Management Plan (Construction Phase)

Element of Sl. Environmental Mitigation Activity/Aspect Impacts Environmental No. Component Measures Management Plan 1 Air Environment • Foundation Very less • Dust Regular monitoring work conventional pollution will of levels of • Digging, pollutants will be be conventional leveling work released during this suppressed pollutants as per • Structural phase due to using water PCB, Assam works construction works, sprinklers guidelines vehicle exhausts • Periodic which will not cross maintenance the specified limits of machinery, because low value heavy of background vehicles levels 2 Water Maintenance of Limited impact on • Water • Provision for Environment drainage and surrounding water requirement appropriate water supply bodies/aquatic through sanitary facility network for ecosystems/ground existing raw for construction Sanitation and water due to soil water source workers waste water erosion, leaching, • Proper generation waste water sanitation generation • Waste water treatment through existing treatment plant 3 Land Land use change • Land pollution • Management • Composting bio- Environment due to drilling, of small of solid degradable waste excavating magnitude due waste and disposal of to solid waste • Management non-bio- generation of excavated degradable waste • Overburden solid and in land fills and construction • Construction construction waste waste will be used waste will also for back filling be produced

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Element of Sl. Environmental Mitigation Activity/Aspect Impacts Environmental No. Component Measures Management Plan 4 Noise Noise from Noise level will be • Noise • Rules & Environment construction, more but within the protection regulations of heavy vehicle permissible limits measures Noise Standards movements • Using ear will be followed muffs for • Greenbelt workers while development for construction attenuating the noise levels

5 Socio-economic Rehabilitation & More benefits to the • Employment • Facilitation of Environment resettlement local people opportunities hospital, school, to local skilled club, stadium etc. and unskilled • Regular health people camp • Development surrounding the of plant infrastructure, • Implementation communication of NRL CSR s facility, Policy drinking water supply, health etc. • Social and cultural development 6 Biological Land use change • Impact on flora • Creation of • Biological Environment and fauna will be landscape with diversity Act and minimal plantation MoEF guidelines • Less impact on • Conservation for conservation marine of biodiversity of species will be ecosystem followed • Greenbelt development with more fruit bearing trees, avenue plantation etc. will be made

6.4 OPERATION PHASE

All the operation activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) contractor with the guidance of Project Management Consultant (PMC) before handing over to NRL. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete commissioning and operational phases of the project. The various HSE requirements that will be carried out by the HSE team of NRL are listed below:

a. Review and assessment of adequacy of measures implemented as per Environmental Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and Offsite) and Emergency Preparedness Plan and all other measures suggested by Statutory Authorities. b. Monitoring of Environmental balance and its parameters and its compliance to requirements specified as per statutory requirements/design requirements. c. Mock Safety drills to assess the readiness of the control of major accidents and hazards.

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d. Conducting HSE audits and Reviews.

The environmental management plan during the operational phase of the plant shall therefore be directed towards the following:

o Ensuring the operation of various process units as per specified operating guidelines/operating manuals. o Strict adherence to maintenance schedule for various machinery/equipment. o Good Housekeeping practices. o Post project environmental monitoring.

The following subsections discuss in brief the management plan for individual components of environment.

6.4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

6.4.1.1 In-plant Control Measures

Some of the important operational measures which can reduce the impact on air environment are as follows:

. To control fugitive emissions from the Hydrocarbon processing areas, the valves, flanges pumps and compressor seals, the gasket materials etc. should be maintained on periodical basis. . Use of low NOx burners . Use of various relevant standards for design of revamp/new facilities. . Regular monitoring of SO2,NOx, CO & PM from stacks . Flaring of hydrocarbons should be avoided to the extent possible. Flare tip shall be designed to ensure smokeless conditions. Also provision for steam injection will be considered.

6.4.1.2 Fugitive Emission Control

To prevent the hydrocarbon loss, regular monitoring of passing valves and fugitive emissions are carried out throughout the year by NRL as per MoEFCC Notification 2008. Acoustic leak survey of all the major valves leading to the flare header was carried out resulting minimum hydrocarbon loss.

As a step towards monitoring and control of Fugitive Emission and VOC recovery of the stored volatile liquids, installation of double seal in few IFRT/EFRT tanks located inside refinery & NRMT is completed. The same will also be followed for the proposed project.

6.4.2 Noise Environment

As the plant is going to be operational on a 24-hour basis, noise considerations are very important. All equipments will be specified to meet 85 dB(A) at 1 m distance. As incorporated during the design stage, the plant areas where noise levels are high enough to cause operations some adverse impacts, the usage of ear plugs or ear muffs shall be strictly enforced. The exposure of employees working in the noisy area shall be monitored regularly to ensure compliance with the OSHA requirements.

Regular audiometry test for employees of NRL are regularly conducted at NRL hospital of refinery. The various results are recorded to find out any possible ill effects of any high noise levels, if any. Any possible hearing loss (mild, conducive) is recorded and analyzed with further instructions to employee.

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6.4.3 Water Environment

Water conservation is one of the policies adopted at NRL. Additional raw water requirement for the new project is 1852 m3/hr. Treated effluent from ETP will be recycled/reused and the same will be reused inside the refinery. Domestic sewage shall be treated in Sewage Treatment Plant and the treated water shall be used for gardening purpose. An adequate Oil catchers/oil trap has been provided at all possible locations in rain/storm water drainage system inside the refinery. Further, another new scheme of storm water recycling as a cooling tower makeup is under implementation.

6.4.4 Socio-economic Environment

The local population is to be helped to take up the opportunities afforded by the increased economic activities in the area.

Efforts shall be made to promote harmony with the local population and further consolidate their positive perceptions of industrialization by engaging in socially-friendly activities such as building hospitals, educational and technical training institutes, etc. in due course of time, by coordinating with the present and future industries of the area.

The NRL has always been in the forefront in following the principles of Corporate Social Responsibilities. It has been contributing to the economic growth of the North East State in the country with respect to the CSR plans given below. Now, the project is likely to generate many facilities for the staff like drainage canals, street lights, Sunday schools, medical facilities, education facilities etc. these facilities will be provided for local people in better environment than the present with least disturbance to their occupation and cultural activities. Preference will be given to the local population in employment. Plant workers will be educated regarding noise and noise protection devices and safety aspects. Health camps and records will be maintained regularly. NRL maintains cordial and supportive relations with the people in the vicinity.

6.4.5 Biological Environment

A proper greenbelt plan for the proposed project is envisaged in the design phase. Out of 303 Ha total plant area, approx. 60 Ha is already exist for greenbelt development. Additional 6 Ha will be planted in the township area which is near to the refinery. The greenbelt programme for the proposed project is proposed in phased manner.

6.4.5.1 Guidelines for Plantation

The plant species identified for greenbelt development will be planted using pitting technique. The pit size will be either 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm or 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm. Bigger pit size is preferred on marginal and poor quality soils. Soil proposed to be used for filling the pit will be mixed with well decomposed farm yard manure or sewage sludge at the rate of 2.5 kg (on dry weight basis) and 3.6 kg (on dry weight basis) for 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm size pits respectively. The filling of soils will be completed at least 5 - 10 days before the actual plantation. Healthy seedlings of identified species will be planted in each pit.

6.4.5.2 Species Selection

Based on the regional background and soil quality, greenbelt will be developed. In greenbelt development, monocultures are not advisable due to its climatic factor and other environmental constrains. Greenbelt with varieties of species is preferred to maintain species diversity, rational utilization of nutrients and for maintaining health of the trees. Prepared in

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this way, the greenbelt will develop a favorable microclimate to support different micro- organisms in the soil and as a result of which soil quality will improve further.

During the course of survey, it has been observed that the soil quality of the plant site is fairly good and can support varieties of dry deciduous plant species for greenbelt development. Manure and vermin-compost may be mixed with the soil used for filling the pit for getting better result for survival of plant species. Adequate watering is to be done to maintain the growth of young seedlings. Based on the regional background, extent of pollution load, soil quality, rainfall, temperature and human interactions, a number of species have been suggested to develop greenbelt in and around the refinery. These species can be planted in staggering arrangements within the plant premises. Some draught resistant plant species have been identified which can be planted for greenbelt development if sufficient water is not available. The suitable species for greenbelt development programme are given in Table 6.4. However, the species suitable for planting in the area as recommended by Central Pollution Control Board in their publication “Guidelines for Developing Greenbelts” (PROBES/75/1999- 2000) are followed.

Table 6.4 List of tree species suggested for green belt development

Sl. Areas to be Species Name Family Type No. Planted 1 Abutilon indicum L. Malvaceae Shrub Avenue 2 Acacia catechu Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt 3 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Mimosaceae Tree Avenue Willd. 4 Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt (Roxb.) Willd. 5 Acacia mearnsii de Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Avenue

6 Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Avenue 7 Acacia pennata Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Avenue 8 Acacia polycantha Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt 9 Acacia Senegal Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt 10 Acacia sinuate (Lour) Mimosaceae Tree Avenue Merill 11 Acer campbellii Hook F. Aceraceae Tree Greenbelt and Thomas. 12 Acer negundo L. Aceraceae Tree Greenbelt 13 Achras sapota L. Sapotaceae Tree Residential 14 Actinodaphne angustifolia Lauraceae Tree Avenue Nees. 15 Adenanthera pavonia L. Mimosaceae Tree Avenue 16 Adina cordifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae Tree Greenbelt 17 Aegle marmelos (L.) Rutaceae Tree Residential Correa ex Roxb. 18 Aesculus indica Hook Sapindaceae Tree Greenbelt 19 Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Simarubaceae Tree Greenbelt Swingle 20 Ailanthus excelsa Simarubaceae Tree Greenbelt 21 Alangium chinense (Lour) Alanginaceae Tree Greenbelt

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Sl. Areas to be Species Name Family Type No. Planted Harms 22 Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt Merill 23 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt 24 Albizia odoratissima Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt Benth. 25 Albizia procera Benth Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt 26 Aleurites fordii Hemsl Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt 27 Alnus nepalensis D.Don Betulaceae Tree Greenbelt 28 Alnus nitida Endl Betulaceae Tree Greenbelt 29 Alstonia scholaris (L.) Apocynaceae Tree Avenue R.Br. 30 Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae Tree Residential 31 Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Tree Residential 32 Anogeissus latifolia Wall. Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt 33 Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae Tree Avenue Lamk. 34 Aphanamixis polystachya Meliaceae Tree Avenue (Wall) Parker 35 Artocarpus heterophyllus Urticaceae Tree Residential Lamk. 36 Artocarpus lacucha Bucb. Urticaceae Tree Residential 37 Azadirachta indica A. Meliaceae Tree Avenue Juss. 38 Balanites roxburghii Zygophyllaceae Tree Avenue Planch. 39 Bambusa arundinacea Poaceae Shrub Park/Office (Retz.) Roxb. 40 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Poaceae Shrub Park/Office 41 Barringtonia acutangula Barringtoniaceae Tree Greenbelt (L.) Gaertn. 42 Bauhinia acuminata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 43 Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 44 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 45 Bauhinia semla Wanderlin Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 46 Bauhinia variegata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 47 Betula alnoides Buch- Betulaceae Tree Greenbelt Ham. 48 Bischofia javanica Blume Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt 49 Bougainvillea spetabilis Nyctaginaceae Shrub Park/Office Willd. 50 Bridelia squamosa Lamk. Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt 51 Broussonetia papyrifera L. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt Nerit 52 Buchnania lanzan Spreng Anacardiaceae Tree Greenbelt

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Sl. Areas to be Species Name Family Type No. Planted 53 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae Tree Greenbelt (Lam.) Taub. 54 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Avenue (L.) Swartz. 55 Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae Shrub Park/Office (Curtis) Stapf 56 Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae Tree Greenbelt 57 Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Office 58 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 59 Cassia javanica L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

60 Cassia pumila Lamk. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 61 Cassia siamea Lamk. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue 62 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Bombacaceae Tree Greenbelt Gaertn. 63 Celtis australis L. Ulmaceae Tree Greenbelt 64 Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae Tree Park/Residen tial 65 Cordia dichotoma Forst Cordiaceae Tree Greenbelt 66 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Greenbelt 67 Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Papilionaceae Tree Greenbelt/Av enue 68 Delonix regia (Bojer) Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue Rafin. 69 Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae Shrub Park/Residen Nees tial 70 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Papilionaceae Tree Greenbelt Pierre 71 Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae Tree Avenue Roxb. 72 Drypetes roxburghii Euphorbiaceae Tree Avenue (Wall.) Hurusawa 73 Duranta repens L. Verbenaceae Shrub Park 74 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Euphorbiaceae Tree Residential 75 Embryopteris peregrina Ebenaceae Tree Greenbelt Gaertn. 76 Erythrina variegata L. Tree Avenue 77 Eucalyptus citriodora Myrtaceae Tree Greenbelt Hook. 78 Eucalyptus citriodora Myrtaceae Tree Greenbelt Hook. 79 Exbucklandia populnea Hamamelidacea Tree Greenbelt (R.Br) R.W.Br. e 80 Ficsu benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt 81 Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae Tree Avenue

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Sl. Areas to be Species Name Family Type No. Planted 82 Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Moraceae Tree Park/Office Hornem 83 Ficus gibbosa Blume Moraceae Tree Greenbelt 84 Ficus glomerata Roxb. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt 85 Ficus hispida (L.) L.f. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt 86 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree Park/Residen tial 87 Ficus semicordata Buch. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt Ham. 88 Gardenia jasminoides Rubiaceae Shrub Park/Residen Ellis tial 89 Gardenia resinifera Roth Rubiaceae Shrub Park/Residen tial 90 Grevillea robusta A. cunn. Proteaceae Tree Greenbelt 91 Grewia elastica Royle Tiliaceae Tree Greenbelt 92 Grewia subinequalis DC. Tiliaceae Tree Greenbelt 93 Heterophragma roxburghii Bignonaceae Tree Greenbelt DC. 94 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Malvaceae Shrub Park/Office 95 Hippophae rhamnoides L. Elaeganaceae Tree Avenue 96 Ixora arborea Roxb. Rubiaceae Shrub Greenbelt 97 Ixora chinensis 98 Ixora coccinea L. Rubiaceae Herb Park 99 Ixora rosea Wall. Rubiaceae Herb Park 100 Jacaranda mimosaefolia Caesalpiniaceae Tree Office D.Don. 101 Juniperus communis Pinaceae Shrub Office 102 Kigelia africana Lamk Bignoniaceae Tree Greenbelt 103 Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae Tree Avenue Roxb 104 Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Lythraceae Tree Avenue 105 Lantana camara L. var. Verbenaceae Herb Park/Office aculeata (L.) Mold. 106 Lawsonia intermis L. Lythraceae Shrub Office 107 Madhuca butyraceae Sapotaceae Tree Greenbelt Macb. 108 Madhuca longifolia Sapotaceae Tree Avenue (Koenig) J. F. Macb. 109 Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt (Lour) Muell 110 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree Greenbelt 111 Milletia peguensis Ali Papilionaceae Tree Avenue 112 Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Tree Avenue 113 Moringa oleifera Lamk. Moringaceae Tree Residential 114 Morus alba L. Moraceae Tree Residential

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Sl. Areas to be Species Name Family Type No. Planted 115 Murraya paniculata (L.) Rutaceae Shrub Residential Jack 116 Nerium indicum Mill. Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residen tial 117 Nyctanthus arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Shrub Park/Residen tial 118 Ougeinia oojeinensis Papilionaceae Tree Greenbelt (Roxb.) Hochr 119 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Arecaceae Shrub Park/office Roxb. 120 Pinus khasiana Hook.f. Pinaceae Tree Greenbelt 121 Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Pinaceae Tree Greenbelt 122 Pinus wallichiana Pinaceae Tree Greenbelt A.B.Jackson 123 Pithecellobium dulce Mimosaceae Tree Residential (Roxb.) Benth 124 Poincia pulcherrima L. Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Avenue 125 Populus alba L. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 126 Populus ciliate Wall. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 127 Populus deltoids Bartr. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 128 Populus euphratica Olivier Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 129 Populus nigra L. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 130 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Tree Residential/O (Sonn.) Thw ffice 131 Pterygota alata var. Sterculiaceae Tree Greenbelt irregularis 132 Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Tree Residential 133 Quercus petraea Fagaceae Tree Greenbelt (Mattuschka) Lieblein 134 Quercus rubra Fagaceae Tree Greenbelt 135 Quercus palustris Fagaceae Tree Greenbelt 136 Salix alba L. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 137 Salix babylonica L. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 138 Salix caprea L. Salicaceae Shrub Avenue 139 Salix fragalis L. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 140 Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Salicaceae Tree Greenbelt 141 Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae Tree Greenbelt Vahl. 142 Sapindus sebiferum Roxb. Sapindaceae Tree Greenbelt 143 Saraca asoka Roxb. De Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue Wilde. 144 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Residential Poir.

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Sl. Areas to be Species Name Family Type No. Planted 145 Spondias pinnata L.f. Anacardiaceae Tree Avenue

146 Syzigium cumini L. Myrtaceae Tree Residential 147 Taberneamontana Apocynaceae Shrub Residential/P divaricata (L.) Burkill ark 148 Tamarindus indica L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Residential 149 Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth Bignoniaceae Shrub Residential/P ark 150 Tectona gandis L. Verbenaceae Tree Greenbelt 151 Terminalia alata Heyne ex Combretaceaae Tree Greenbelt Roth. 152 Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt/Av (Roxb.ex DC.) Wight & enue Arn. 153 Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt (Gaertn) Roxb. 154 Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Tree Avenue 155 Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt 156 Thuja occidentalis L. Cupressaceae Tree Avenue 157 Trema orientalis Blume Ulmaceae Tree Greenbelt 158 Ulmus wallichiana Planch. Ulmaceae Tree Greenbelt 159 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Tree Greenbelt

The species suggested here are commonly seen in and around the project area, fast growing and drought resistant. Seedlings / saplings of these species can be easily procured from local nurseries. The selection of plant species for the green belt development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The plants suggested for green belt were selected based on the following desirable characteristics.

• Fast growing and providing optimum penetrability. • Evergreen with minimal litter fall. • Wind-firm and deep rooted. • The species will form a dense canopy. • Indigenous and locally available species. • Trees with high foliage density, larger of leaf sizes and hairy on surfaces. • Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought. • Soil improving plants, such as nitrogen fixing plants, rapidly decomposable leaf litter. • Attractive appearance with good flowering and fruit bearing. • Bird and insect attracting plant species. • Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance • Species which can trap/sequester carbon

In addition, a lawn and floral garden with the varieties of small flowering plants may be developed near the office site for aesthetic value of the entire complex.

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The predominant wind directions are from SW and SSW direction as observed from windrose diagram in Chapter-3. To arrest the fugitive emissions tree plantation will be undertaken in general around the above mentioned areas particularly, as compared to other regions.

6.4.5.3 Plantation scheme

Plant sapling will be planted in pits of about 3.0 to 4.0 m intervals so that the tree density is about 1500 trees per ha. The pits will be filled with a mixture of good quality soil and organic manure (cow dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste) and insecticide. The saplings / trees will be watered using the effluent from the sewage treatment plant and treated discharges from project. Sludge from the sewage treatment plant will be used as manure. In addition kitchen waste from plant canteen can be used as manure either after composting or by directly burying the manure at the base of the plants. The saplings will be planted just after the commencement of the monsoons to ensure maximum survival. The species selected for plantation will be locally growing varieties with fast growth rate and ability to flourish even in poor quality soils.

A total of more than 33% of total project area will be developed as green belt or green areas in project area and other areas. The greenbelt will be developed along the project boundary, depending on the availability of space. The areas, which need special attention regarding green belt development in the project area, are:

1. Around plant units 2. Plant Boundary 3. Vacant Areas in Plant 4. Around Office Buildings, Garage, Stores etc. 5. Along Road Sides (Avenue Plantation)

6.4.5.4 Post plantation care

Immediately after planting the seedlings, watering will be done. The wastewater discharges from different sewage treatment plant / out falls will be used for watering the plants during non-monsoon period. Further watering will depend on the rainfall. In the dry seasons watering will be regularly done especially during February to June. Watering of younger saplings will be more frequent. Organic manure will be used (animal dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste etc.). Younger saplings will be surrounded with tree guards. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and destroyed and replaced by fresh saplings. Growth / health and survival rate of saplings will be regularly monitored and remedial actions will be undertaken as required.

6.4.5.5 Phase wise Greenbelt Development Plan

Greenbelt will be developed in a phase wise manner right from the construction phase of the proposed project. In the first phase along with the start of the construction activity all along the plant boundary, open space areas, and major roads will be planted.

In the second phase the office building like Canteen, Administrative building, Fire Safety office area will be planted. In the third phase when all the construction activity is complete plantation will be taken up in the gap areas of plant area, around different units, in stretch of open land and along other connecting roads, parks and residential quarters.

The total construction period is 48 months. The first phase of the plantation programme will start immediately with the start of construction and run upto 24 months. The second phase will start after 25 months and continue upto 48 months.

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6.4.6 Existing Greenbelt in NRL Refinery

A meticulously planned and developed Green Belt of around 100 meter width around the Refinery and around 25 meter width around the NRMT has been developed covering a total area of 60 hectares and now has grown into a rich foliage, rendering a perfectly natural barrier to the industrial noise, minor air pollutants from reaching the immediate surroundings, both human population, rich flora & fauna and also help in mitigating the effects of fugitive emission in all around Refinery. Initially plantation of around 1,25,000 nos of saplings of various species were carried in the Green Belt around Refinery and 20,000 nos in the Green Belt around NRMT .

Some of the fast growing varieties planted are Aam, Appelipi, Azar, Akesis, Amlakhi, Baga Jamun, Bhomora, Bakul, Ranga Chandan, Debadaru, Ghoraneem, Jalphai, Kathalua, Krishnasura, Radhasura, Sendur, Silikha, Titasapa, Teak etc. In order to increase the population, fresh plantation is carried out in regular intervals.

• NRL has aggressively pursued a forestation in 2015-17 by planting around 15,000 saplings within the refinery green belt. The cost involved was around 14 Lakhs. • Another plantation programme of around 15000 saplings started inside the refinery for 2018- 20. The cost involvement will be around 22 Lakhs.

Afforestation drive:

• NRL partnered with the State Government for planting trees in the villages and road sides, and around one lakh trees were planted in the district of Golaghat, with our support.

• NRL desires to take up afforestation drive by planting trees in deforested areas as a green initiative of its refinery located at Numaligarh, Golaghat, Assam and an application was submitted to Golaghat Social Forest Division (GFSD) requesting to arrange land for the said purpose. Accordingly, GSFD submitted a project proposal for the said purpose which includes tree plantation, its protection and maintenance for 5 years till the trees become self- sustainable. As per the proposal, GSFD has offered approx. 40 ha land .The said 40 ha land is under the possession of GSFD. NRL desires to develop the said plot of land basically for three purposes-

i. As compensatory afforestation against the trees to be felled in relation to forthcoming refinery expansion project and its allied activities. ii. To enhance the environment by increasing forest area to reduce greenhouse effect due to mass deforestation in the state of Assam. iii. Use tree plantation to minimize erosion by the river Brahmaputra. iv. To develop the area as Forest Eco Resort through proper landscaping and make it an eco- tourist hub. For this purpose NRL will engage an expert agency to make a proper plan which will be implemented by GSFD while executing the project.

Total cost involvement for the said project will be around 1 Cr.

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Grown-up Plantation in Refinery Complex

6.4.7 Bio-diversity improvement in the NRL Complex

Within the Numaligarh Refinery premises, two nos. of gardens have been developed near the Hydrocracker Unit area and captive Power Plant area with varieties of flowering plants. Also, different varieties of saplings are also planted in the roadside areas, in the Effluent Treatment Plant and in the gardens newly developed.

Keeping environment as a prime concern, NRL has envisaged an ambitious experimental project for the first time in the country. This unique project called “Butterfly Eco System” located in the Refinery Township is an effort to give a natural habitat for butterflies to come, stay and breed in their natural way. Also a unique herbal garden of rare medicinal plants called “Smritibon” has been developed in the township.

Subsequent to the signing of MOU between NRL & NEIST, two Entomologists from NEIST, Jorhat have been working at Butterfly Valley since 01.06.2009. So, far more than 90 different species of butterflies have been sighted at Butterfly Valley of which 72 species have been identified and recorded.

Butterfly Park at NRL Township

In addition, plantation of various saplings has also been carried out on a wide scale all along the road sides in the Township & in the butterfly valley.

6.5 Existing Waste Management in Refinery

Numaligarh Refinery has adopted in-built measures to minimize and control pollution and generation of waste in all the units with proper collection and disposal system. Adequate segregation and centralized treatment facilities. Adequate segregation, collection and treatment facilities for wastewater for centralized treatment have been provided to meet the stringent standards laid down in the latest MoEF Notification 2008. Therefore, generation of hazardous waste and oily sludge at Numaligarh Refinery is kept at minimum. However, few

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amount of oily sludge in the refinery is generated during the cleaning of crude tanks and through ETP operation which has been disposed off as the standard practices. Different management practices are adopted to reduce hazardous waste. Some of them are mentioned below.

• Recycling of Slop oil • Recycling of waste oil from OWS & CRW systems • Recovery of oil from ETP sludge

An environmentally compatible solid waste management system for disposal of the oily sludge generated from ETP and bio-sludge from ETP through Secured Landfill facility for safe disposal of the same.

Brief note of Oily Sludge Waste Management of Numaligarh refinery is attached as Annexure XII.

6.5.1 Water Conservation Practice

Reuse of storm water

As a step towards water conservation, NRL implemented total reuse of storm water going out from the Refinery & Marketing Terminal resulting a huge saving in water and subsequent reduction of water intake. A storm water reservoir of 1000 m3 capacity constructed under this project. The water thus recovered is being used in the refinery fire water network as makeup. A brief note on various water conservation measures is attached as Annexure IX.

6.5.2 Other Environmental Measures

To avoid any adverse impact of the flare on animals in the Kaziranga National Park, which is nearer to the refinery, a non-illuminating ground flare has been incorporated which is one of the firsts in the country.

Installation of solar cells

NRL has commissioned 1.0 MW Solar grid interactive power Plant in the year 2018. Study is being taken up for feasibility of another 1.0 MW Solar Plant in the township.

6.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the following measures will be undertaken:

6.6.1 HEALTH

. Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the AMC workers and specific medical examination.

. All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related to their job.

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. Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85 dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimeters. Audiometric tests are also done at periodic intervals for all the plant employees.

6.7 ENVIRONMENT CELL

M/s NRL is already having an Environment Cell under its technical services department which is headed by a well-qualified and experienced technical person from the relevant field. The cell carries out number of activities related to effluent treatment and monitoring of treated effluent, ambient air quality and stack emissions.

There exists a separate quality control laboratory to carry out the analysis of air & water samples. The lab has requisite technical staff to carry out these analyses. The existing set- up shall be utilized for the proposed project also both in construction and operation phases.

6.8 BUDGETARY PROVISIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES

6.8.1 Capital Cost for Environmental Protection – Proposed Expansion Project

Considering all measures suggested above, cost is worked out for implementation of environmental management plan and is given in Table 6.5 & 6.6. The total estimated budget for implementation of EMP is worked out as Rs. 307.9 crores towards capital cost and Rs. 11.7 crores towards recurring cost per annum.

Table 6.5: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Capital Cost)

Amount allocated Sl. No. Activity (Rupees in Crores) 1.0 Air Environment 1.1 Plantation Activities (Trees and Shrubs) 3.0 1.2 Air quality monitoring 0.3 1.3 Online Air Quality Analysers 2.0 2.0 Noise Environment 2.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1 2.2 Audiometric tests 0.1 3.0 Water Environment 3.1 Rain water Harvesting pits 1.0 3.2 New Packaged STP 1.0 3.3 ETP and Recycle Plant 250.0 4.0 Land Environment 4.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1 4.2 Solid waste management 0.6 5.0 Biological Environment 5.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1 Budget for EMP (Capital Cost) 258

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Table 6.6: Budget of Environmental Management Plan (Recurring Cost per Annum)

Amount allocated Sl. No. Activity (Rupees in Crores) 1.0 Air Environment 1.1 Additional Plantation Activities (Trees and 0.3 Shrubs) 1.2 Air quality monitoring 0.2 1.3 Online Air Quality Analysers 0.2 2.0 Noise Environment 2.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1 2.2 Audiometric tests 0.1 3.0 Water Environment 3.1 Rain water Harvesting pits 0.5 3.2 Maintenance of ETP, STP & Recycle plant 10.2 4.0 Land Environment 4.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1 4.2 Solid waste management 0.5 5.0 Biological Environment 5.1 Additional Plantation Activities Included in 1.1 Budget for EMP (Recurring Cost per Annum) 12

6.9 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities of NRL

Set-up under the Assam Accord the State-of-the-art Numaligarh Refinery started its commercial production from October 2000. While the primary function of NRL is to operate the refinery with optimum efficiency, the socio-economic welfare of the region is imbibed as an integral part of its corporate philosophy and organizational culture. It is against this backdrop that the company initiated definitive measures for improving the lives of people in the neighbouring areas through innovative and people friendly programmes. Right from its inception, even at the project stage, NRL has been pursuing various Community development programs such as Promotion of art, literature, sports. NRL runs a Football Academy affiliated to IFF. NRL adopted few villages as model villages for inclusive development of the community. Besides concentrating in neighbouring areas NRL endeavours to cover the industrially backward district of Golaghat and also extends a helping hand to other parts of the State of Assam.

Under the Community Development programme NRL has reached out to people through:

• Free health checkups & medical camps • Aides to educational institutions • Improvements of roads • Providing drinking water facility, electricity, library • Financial assistance to various institutions/organizations • Agri-allied activities and entrepreneurship development

NRL continues its endeavours to carry out the community development work as a part of its corporate philosophy and contribute towards development of the region in line with its corporate mission.

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Livelihood and Livelihood Avenues

NRL is continuing the Mechanized Power Loom project at Ponka village which is adjacent to the refinery. NRL is also continuing the targeted promotion of cultivation of Sali paddy using System of Rice Intensification (SRI) to the farmers of Borgoria, Lettekuchapori, Mithaam Chapori and Barbalitup which is within 5 KM radius of the refinery. Financial assistance has been provided to Smt Lila Chetri for setting up Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme at Bokakhat. NRL is also continuing the project on rural development through scientific cultivation of edible mushroom in Golaghat district.

The project Swa Nirbhar is continuing where NRL has provided assistance to 36 numbers of self help groups within 10 KM radius of the refinery for setting up Handloom Weaving centre, Piggery/Dairy and Goatary unit for income generation. NRL is also continuing the project on rural development through scientific cultivation of edible mushroom in Golaghat district and also continuing the Mechanized Power Loom project at Ponka village which is adjacent to the refinery. One new project has been taken up for cultivation of Mushroom, Robi Crops at Golaghat in association with Golaghat Unemployed Association.

NRL provided assistance to self help groups within 10 KM radius of the refinery for setting up Handloom Weaving centre, Piggery/Dairy and Goatary unit for income generation. NRL is also continuing the project on rural development through scientific cultivation of edible mushroom in Golaghat district and also continuing the Mechanized Power Loom project at Ponka village which is adjacent to the refinery.

NRL provided assistance to set up poultry, piggery, dairy and goat farms. NRL is also continuing the Mechanized Power Loom Project at Ponka village. NRL has also provided financial support for the Mime for Livelihood project.

Education

Financial assistance has been provided to Department of Chemical Engineering, Assam Engineering College towards Golden Jubilee Celebration. The beautification job of Cotton College in Guwahati is also continuing. NRL has taken up construction of a boundary wall at Marangi D.N. High School during the 1st quarter. The project on Digital Literacy Curriculum for the students and members of tea and other ethnic communities in Lettekujan Tea Estate is also continuing. NRL also provided financial assistance to All Assam Students' Union, Guwahati towards felicitation to Rank holders in HSLC, HSSLC and High Madrasa Examination, 2015.

Financial support has been provided for supply of 100 pairs of desk benches to Fallangani Examination Centre in Golaghat District. Financial support has been provided to Asom Sahitya Sabha for sponsorship of Dr. Indira Goswami National Literature Award. NRL also provided financial support for Construction of boundary wall at Ranidanga Kalaram High School, Siliguri. Project Prerona was implemented at Siliguri for promotion of education for girl child through award of scholarships covering two schools and twenty-nine students. NRL also provided assistance to Fallangani Navajyoti High School in Golaghat District for construction of class room. Financial support was also provided for construction of Assam Type Auditorium at Kamargaon Girls High School.

Infrastructure

The job for Installation of LED based traffic road signals in two locations at Golaghat Town has been completed. The field maintenance job for the NRL Football Academy at Numaligarh is also continuing. The construction of Dholakhat Gaon road in Doigrong which was taken up during 4th quarter of 2014-15 is also continuing.

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NRL gave financial support to Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuba Chatra Parishad, Golaghat for Construction of RCC Office Building. Financial support was provided to Deputy Commissioners Office, Golaghat for Installation of LED based Traffic Road Signals at Golaghat Town. Construction of permanent building of Sangeet Sattra Music School in Guwahati was completed during the fourth quarter. Construction of Drinking Water Project for PAP families at Na-Pather village was also completed during the fourth quarter. Financial support was also provided for improvement of village road at Dholaguri, Doigrong.

NRL gave financial support for construction of permanent building of Sangeet Sattra Music School in Guwahati. Financial support has been provided for construction of one waiting shed at Ponka Chariali. Financial support has also been provided for construction of a drinking water project for PAP (project affected people) families at Na-Pather village. NRL also provided financial support for completion of balance works of Telgaram Rangamancha.

Health Care

NRL organized 64 General, 03 special and 01 First Aid Training Mobile Medical Camps covering a total of 3644 patients in villages in its vicinity. Each medical camp covered a cluster of villages. During this quarter, NRL provided financial support for treatment of 03 persons from financially weak families in nearby areas. NRL is also continuing the eye screening and cataract operation camp in refinery nearby areas. During the 1st quarter, 2 numbers of camps were held in Numaligarh and Doigrong covering 430 patients. 93 numbers of spectacles were provided to the poor patients and 38 cataract operations were performed through Lions Eye Hospital, Jorhat.

NRL launched its flagship project ‘NRL Helping Hand’2014 in association with Artificial Limb Manufacturing Corporation of India, where aids & appliances were distributed to 520 differently abled persons from Kamrup and Kamrup (Metro) at the Guwahati Medical College Hospital Auditorium.

Art/Culture/Sports

NRL provided financial support to Bokakhat Natya Mandir for completion of balance jobs. Financial support was provided to Assam Mountaineering Association for high altitude Treking to Sandakphu in Darjeeling. Financial assistance was also provided for organizing Jorhat Races, 2014 and organizing 53rd Annual Conference of Bodo Sahitya Sabha. NRL provided financial support to Dergaon Sports Association, Dergaon for procurement of Table Tennis Board for the children of Dergaon Town. Financial assistance was also provided to Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat for organizing Technical Festival "Abeyaantrix 2014". Financial support was also provided to Jyotirupa, Socio- Cultural organization, Guwahati for organizing 35th Jyotirupa North East One Act Drama competition & Singha Purush Radha Govinda Bourah Drama Festival 2014. NRL has also set up a Badminton Coaching Centre at Rajiv Gandhi Rural Sports Complex, Furkating during 1st quarter for the children below 12 years. The NRL football Academy is also continuing the activities at the play field of Numaligarh High School.

NRL provided financial support to Asam Sahitya Sabha towards formation and functioning of permanent infrastructure wing for implementation of Bishwaratna Dr. Bhupen Hazarika International Solidarity Award and Dr. Indira Goswami National Award on literature. Financial support was provided to Asom Kalatirtha, Guwahati for organizing workshop and also publish book on the occasion of 150th Birth Anniversary of Sahityarathi Lakshminath Bezbarua. Final installment of financial assistance was also provided for Construction of Conference Hall cum Training Hall at Radial Football Academy, Nagaon. Financial support was also provided to Guwahati Sports Association for organizing 62nd Bharat Ratna

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Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Trophy football Tournament. Activities at NRL Football Academy are also continuing during this quarter.

Other Programs

NRL has provided street light facilities from Babathan to RAW on NH-39. A village road was constructed at Bishnupur PAP village. Construction of two numbers of village roads at 4 No. Rongbong village is under progress. Three numbers of Ringwell at Owguri Chapori village has been completed.

A total of 59 mobile medical camps covering 2156 numbers of patients were organized in nearby areas of the refinery with support from Vivekananda Kendra NRL Hospital for providing health care facilities. NRL has also installed 16 numbers of sanitary latrines in Kalioni Block Gaon and Numaligarh Na-Pather for BPL families during the first quarter. The sanitary latrines, termed as “Low Cost Latrine with Brick Superstructure (NTS)”, are designed according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and additionally improved to suit local conditions.

NRL, in association with Aaranyak, a society for biodiversity conservation in NE India organized programmes on the World Environment Day in the vicinity of the Kaziranga National Park. Programmes such as audio-visual awareness talks, games and street plays on environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources were held in 11 locations simultaneously.

The NRL Football Academy is continuing under the professional expertise of SPT Sports Management Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore and Assam Football Association at Numaligarh High School play field. Forty boys are undergoing training at the academy. NRL is also assisting in the construction of Bokakhat Natya Mandir and Telgaram Rangamancha. The construction work is going on at both the sites.

CSR Expenditure in various projects for the year 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 are attached in Annexure X.

6.10 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)

Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) is planned for next 4 years and 28.25 crores (INR) shall be spent as per MoEFCC notification vide F.No.22-65/2017-IA.III; dated: 01.05.2018 and the total project cost is Rs. 22,594 crores which is coming under Brownfield project as per S. No. 5 & percentage (%) shall be considered 0.125%. Detailed items with budget given below:

ITEMS 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

Solar Lighting/Solar pump (Irrigation) system, Drinking Water Facilities, Resource Up-liftment at Schools, 7.06 7.06 7.06 7.06 Resource provision for Talent crores crores crores crores Development and Plantation

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CHAPTER – 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

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7.0. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

In addition to the main EIA study, Rapid Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan (On-site & Off-site Emergency Plan) have been carried out by EIL. Details of Offsite and Onsite Emergency preparedness plan are given below.

7.1. OFFSITE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLAN

Most of the industrial plants are designed and built in such a manner that they are inherently safe. This integral part of safety is further enhanced by proper care and maintenance, which includes various safe operating procedures and training. But nevertheless a well designed, operated and maintained plant cannot be said to be safe from any emergency. The risk of major emergency always threatens the plants / personnel due to complex nature of design and operating parameters. The emergency of a giant size process plant can cause damage not only to the life and property of the plant itself but also to the population in proximity. The injury and property damage result from six basic causes: work accidents, fire and explosions, flood, earthquake, hurricanes, tornadoes, war fare or civil strife.

The Offsite Emergency Preparedness Plan deals with these incidents which have the potential to harm life, property and environment outside the boundary of the organization. The plan has been formulated according to the Assam Gazette No 93 dt. 29-06-92 in Assam Control of Industrial Major Accidents Hazards Rule 1990 and the notification in the gazette of India No 787 dt. 27.11.1989 (Manufacture, storage and impact of hazardous chemicals Rule 1989).

7.1.1 Objectives

The main objectives of Offsite Emergency Response Management are as follows: 1. Identification of emergency scenarios and advance planning for combating the situation for minimizing the loss of lives and of property. 2. To provide means and methods for effective control of emergency so as to bring situation under control. 3. To mobilize services from external agencies in minimum possible time. 4. To safe guard properties, environment and human life and minimize above loss. 5. To assure restoration of normalcy at the earliest.

The main purpose of this plan is to outline the procedures for immediate response if any major emergency occurs in the refinery premises. Every major hazardous unit has its own Onsite Emergency Response Management plan which deals with an emergency inside the premises of the factory. But if an emergency erupts beyond the premises of the factory; they have the obligation to seek assistance from the government. The plan comes into action as soon as the occupier of the factory triggers the initial action plan of Offsite Emergency Preparedness Management as specified under this plan.

7.1.2 Types of Disaster

The types of disaster considered for this plan is limited to the following.

 Fire and explosion  VCE & BLEVE potential  Toxic gas release  Large oil spills

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Causes of Disaster

a) In plant emergencies due to deficiencies of,  Operation  Maintenance  Manufacturing/improper handling of equipment  Design or equipment failure. b) Emergency during transportation of hazardous material by road, rail or by pipeline. c) Emergencies in nearby industries and installations.

The other causes of disaster may be due to, o Natural calamities like cyclone, storm, flood, lightning and earthquake. o Deliberate man made acts like sabotage, riot, war and objects from falling aircrafts /rockets.

The following emergency scenarios are considered for NRL.

1. Vapour Cloud Explosion in Horton Sphere area. 2. Fire in LPG bottling plant 3. BLEVE in one of the Horton sphere 4. Major fire in Crude tank area 5. Toxic gas release in plant

7.1.3 Responsibilities – Emergency

Duties and responsibilities of Chief Offsite Emergency Coordinator

The Deputy Commissioner (DC) of Golaghat district will be the (COEC) Chief Offsite Emergency Cocoordinator for operating the Offsite Emergency Preparedness Plan. He will exercise the authority for implementation of the plan along with Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) R&R, Golaghat. The COEC will coordinate all activities with the Onsite Emergency Coordinator, NRL. He will be the authority to order evacuation wherever it is necessary and also coordinate with various agencies like police, fire services, medical, transport, railway, civil defence, army, factory inspectorate and state pollution control board.

On reaching the refinery COEC will – • Assess extent of the emergency and likely development organize action plans in the following areas : • Immediately advice to (CEC) Chief emergency co-ordinator as to how to control the situation. • Assistance in case of complete or partial evacuation if necessary. • Assistance in case of the evacuation of seriously injured or ill personnel. • Provision of equipment, material ad manpower etc to control the situation. • Ensure that causalities receive adequate attention. • Ensure that all personnel at the factory are accounted for. • Arrange search and rescue of missing persons. • Arrange for a chronological record of the emergency to be maintained. • Where the emergency is prolonged arrange for replacement of personnel and provision of catering facilities. • Authorize information to be given to media. • Ensure that proper consideration is given to the preservation of evidence. • Control rehabilitation of affected areas on cessation of emergency.

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The detailed duties and responsibilities are as under:

• Assume full responsibility for overall control. • Establish the Control room at a) NRL premises near main gate (security office) b) DC, Office Golaghat c) Police Station, Numaligarh Outpost d) Alternate control room at NRL Guest house

o Establish the communication facility in the control room. • Requisition of fire fighting vehicles from Golaghat, Bokakhat, Dergaon and Jorhat as per the demand of the situation. • Arrangement for announcement through PA system to the affected population in and around refinery and advice precautions to be taken. • Identify places for safe shelters were evacuated population has to be lodged and arrange tents etc. for shelters in open spaces/public halls/schools. • Ensuring food, drinking water and proper sanitation to evacuated persons kept in various shelters. • Requisition of all possible modes of transport for evacuation of affected personnel. • Monitor shelter camps and evacuated locality till normalcy is restored. To identify the likelihood of reoccurrence of the situation. • Making public announcement from time to time about the gravity of situation in shelter camps and in neighbouring villages. • Mobilize manpower from VDP of the affected area for rescue and rehabilitation programme. • Organize necessary medical aid through district health officer and other voluntary organizations. • After declaration of normalcy investigate the cause of disaster and take preventive action. • Train all personnel under COEC ad conduct regular mock drills.

Duties and responsibilities of Addl. Deputy Commissioner (R & R)

The duties and responsibilities of Addl. Deputy Commissioner are as follows.

• Act as an alternate leader or Liaison Officer in case of measure disaster/ emergency at NRL. • Establish a control room at DC, office Golaghat. • Check in at the DC office Golaghat and Ensure that all agency resources have completed check-in. • Obtain briefing from liaison officer or incident controller. • Establish working location. Advise agency personnel on the incident that the agency representative position has been filled. • Attend planning meeting as required. • Oversee the well being and Safety of agency personnel assigned. • Advise liaison officer of any special agency needs or requirements. • Determine, if any special reports or documents are required. • Ensure that all agency personnel and/ or equipment are properly accounted for and released departure from the incident. • Give debriefing session with media person prior to departure.

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Duties and responsibilities of Onsite Emergency Coordinator

The duties and responsibilities of Onsite Emergency Coordinator are as follows: At the scene of emergency the person notified under the contingency plan of NRL will take up the responsibilities of Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC – Onsite) and will remain in command at the site control room.

A primary task of the OEC is to go to the scene of the emergency, make an informal assessment of the situation and decide whether a major emergency exists or is likely to develop soon. On his decision he will inform the CEC and activate the emergency procedure.

Immediately on being aware that a major emergency exists:

• He should ensure that the concerned agencies are notified in the prescribed manner. • He will coordinate on scene emergency action as per in-house contingency plan. • He will proceed to incident site and assume responsibilities of the post and remain in command. • He will activate the Onsite Emergency Control room at Fire station of NRL. • He will keep Advisory body of NRL informed from time to time on • Steps taken to fight the emergency. • Status of emergency at the time of reporting. • Further actions as necessary. Organogram for Onsite Emergency Preparedness Plan is given in Figure: 7.1.

Figure: 7.1: Organogram for Onsite Emergency Preparedness Plan of NRL

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Duties and responsibilities of Police (Security & Evacuation)

• The duties and responsibilities of Onsite Emergency Coordinator are as follows. • The supt. of police, Golaghat will be the over all in charge for security, evacuation, rescue operations, law and order and traffic control at the time of emergency. • To ensure that all the provisions listed in the contingency plan are available at all the time. • Periodical review of the contingency plan and its accuracy. • The major role of the Police Deptt. would be to provide effective communications, cordon off area of disaster and ensure free movement of traffic involved in relief operation and to provide suitable assistance in the affected areas. • To ensure law and order. • Organising fire fighting with the help of state and refinery fire fighting team. • To safeguard vacated properties in the locality. • Maintain security watch in the area till the evacuees get returned to site. • Assist the medical and evacuating teams to work without any hindrances and help the medical dept in evacuating the causalities. • Prevent unauthorized entry of the personnel in to the affected area. • Apart from normal police equipments it is necessary that police force should also be equipped with personal protective equipments for respiratory and body protection. This may include steel O.G. helmets, gas mask, water bottle, ear plugs etc. • Evacuation of population is a very difficult task requiring massive resources at a very short notice. It is therefore, essential that evacuation be done on a very selective basis in consultation with Chief Emergency Co-ordinator (On-Site).

Duties and responsibilities Fire Services

The chief of District Fire Services i.e. SP Golaghat will be overall in-charge of Fire services. He will act as fire chief during Off-site Disaster Management Plan. He may nominate some of his sub-ordinate to look after the fire service activities in case of emergency.

Following are the duties and responsibilities of fire Chief: • Inspection and identification of risks. • Identifying proper approach roads and means of escape. • Ensuring adequate supply of water for fire fighting. • Provision of appropriate type of fire fighting vehicles and chemicals needed for the emergency. • Provision of required quantity of fire fighting agents and their easy mobility. • Provision of well trained man power for fire fighting and rescue operations. • Arrangement for pulling out man power reserved from various teams without loss of time. • Employing man power/ resources under a definite command. • Adequacy of specialized rescue team. • Formulate chain of command among fire fighters. • Prepare a plan for human service required for emergency response. • Prepare a plan for fire and rescue. • Prepare a plan for response personal safety. • Maintenance of standby personnel/equipment for fire fighting. • Fire services must be aware of the properties and behaviour of various industrial chemicals. While fighting an emergency they themselves should not get affected by the toxic gases or any other harmful chemicals. Proper protective equipment should be used for this purpose.

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Duties and responsibilities Medical Services

Duties and Responsibilities of District Health Officer are given as follows.

Joint Director Health Services, Golaghat will be over all in-charge of medical services to be rendered to the affected people both at the site and the location where evacuated people are sheltered. Quick medical treatment to the injured people in a major industrial accident is essential.

Following are the duties and responsibilities of the District Health Officer: (Joint Director Health Services)

• Maintain adequate inventory of medicines for identified potential hazardous situations. • Maintain a directory of doctors, hospitals and other emergency medical services in Golaghat District. • Review of contingency plan and update as and when required. • Organize a first aid team and ambulance at the time of disaster. • Inform all private doctors and the hospitals of the district, if needed. • Arrange for hospitalization/treatment of a effected people in that area. • The district health officer will arrange for setting up first aid centres in nearby locality and evacuate personnel on priority for medical treatment. Organogram for Support/medical services is given in Figure: 7.2.

Figure: 7.2: Organogram for Support/Medical Services

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Duties and responsibilities of District Transport Authorities

Duties and Responsibilities of District Transport Authorities are given as follows.

o To arrange for despatch of vehicles to the emergency spot immediately on receipt of information about emergency. o To contact the Officer In-Charge of the parking yard regarding evacuation of public during emergency period and apprise him of the despatch of vehicles. o To maintain a list of vehicles for use in case of emergency. o Ensure strict enforcement of regulations laid down improve safety in transportation of hazardous substances. o Organise Transportation arrangement for evacuation. o Ensure TREMCARD is available in the tankers transporting hazardous chemicals. o Divert tankers transporting hazardous chemicals in association with traffic police in case of disaster. o The tanker drivers are to be trained for transportation of hazardous s chemicals in consultation with refinery/marketing terminal officials.

Duties and responsibilities of District Telephone Authorities

Duties and Responsibilities of District Telephone Authorities are given as follows.

The Communication unit officer under the direction of Supt of Police is responsible for developing plans for the effective use of incident communications equipment and facilities, installing & testing of communication and equipment; supervision of the emergency control rooms; distribution of communication equipment to incident personnel; and the maintenance and repair of communications equipment.

• Obtain briefing from Supt. of Police, Golaghat • Determine unit personnel needs. • Advise on communication capabilities and /or limitations. • Prepare and implement the incident Radio communications Plan. • Ensure that the emergency control Centers are established and Message Centre is established. • Set up the telephone and public address systems. • Establish appropriate communication distribution and /or maintenance locations within the base and /or map. • Ensure communications systems are installed and tested. • Ensure an equipment accountability system is established. • Ensure personal portable radio equipment from cache is distributed per radio plan. • Anticipated problems in the use of communications equipment. • Keeping telephone lines of hazardous factories and service agencies in perfect working order. • Keeping emergency gangs in readiness for repair work • Communicate with Head office the details on the field activities including deployment and reinforcement of staff and resources and communicate nature of additional requirements. • To maintain a list of important telephone nos. of different agencies. • To see that all those telephones do not remain in case of emergency. • To maintain and check the functioning of “Hot Line” telephones.

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Duties and responsibilities of NRL Authorities

Duties and Responsibilities of NRL Authorities are given as follows.

• Provides COEC information about all the hazards involved in the process their potential impact to the surrounding. • The occupier may also provide an on-site disaster management plan to the COEC. • The list of disaster management facilities available at NRL may be provided to COEC. • The occupier of the industry should also provide all technical know-how and expertise to COEC to mitigate the disaster at Numaligarh.

7.1.4 Safety Precautions

The following safety measures to be taken in case of gas leakage, fire explosion, spillage or leakage of chemicals.

• On indication of gas leakage, cover nose and mouth with wet cloth and move away quickly in the opposite direction of wind. • Make sure that women and children are moved outside the house. • On getting information about gas leakage, use all available mode of transport to move quickly to a safe place. • Set the cattle, poultry and other domestic animals free to reach to the safe place on their own. • To avoid fire hazard during gas leakage, putout all types of open flames. Do not use matches or lighters. • In case of such a incident, give shelter to old and disabled persons inside the house, keeping all doors and windows closed. Keep radio ‘on’ for announcements. • If the incident occurs at night, wake up your neighbors by making loud noise and brief them about the occurrence. • Do not leave the safety assembly place without permission from authorized persons.

7.1.5 Monitoring Committee

A monitoring committee shall be formed by the district Administration to ensure the effective preparedness of the Off-Site Disaster Management plan. The committee shall meet regularly at least every three months and shall conduct Mock-drills at suitable intervals. The committee shall review the effectiveness of the mock-drills and take remedial measures for further improvement.

7.1.6 Contact Details

The immediate contact details during emergency are given below:

List of Hospitals and Telephone:

1. VKNRL Hospital, NRL : 03776-266700 2. Kusal Konwar Civil Hospital, Golaghat : 03774-280505 3. Civil Hospital, Jorhat : 0376-2320091/2320991

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Important telephone numbers for offsite emergency preparedness plan

1. Chief Secretary GOA, Dispur Guwahati 2261120 / 2261403, 2360020(R) 2. Deputy Commissioner, Golaghat 280222 (O) 280221 (R) 3. Addl Deputy Commisioner,(R&R) Golaghat 280276 (O) 281019 ( R ) 4. Supt. of Police, Golaghat 280233 (O) 280234 (R) 5. Officer in charge PS, NRL site 265421 6. Officer in charge PS, Golaghat 280224/280081 7. Officer in charge PS, Bokakhat 268017 8. Officer in charge PS, Dergaon 280272 9. Officer in charge PS, Kamargaon 267438 10. SDO (Sadar) Golaghat 280596 11. Fire Service Golaghat 280300 12. Chief Inspector of Factory, Guwahati 0361-2453069 13. State Pollution Control Board, Guwahati 0361-2550258 14. Regional Pollution Control Board, Golaghat 280039

7.2. ONSITE EMERGENCY PLAN

Introduction

Onsite Emergency or disaster is an unpleasant sudden event of such a magnitude which may cause extensive damage to life and property, due to in-plant emergencies resulting from deficiencies in operation, maintenance, design and human error; natural calamities like flood, cyclone and earthquake; and deliberate and other acts of man like sabotage, riot, war etc.

It is important for every industry to have a well-documented Emergency Plan to meet any major untoward incident or disaster. In view of NRL, having a Refinery and Marketing Terminal at Numaligarh, which involves processing of Petroleum and handling and storage of Petroleum and its products, it is necessary for the company to have an emergency management plan with clearly defined role and responsibilities of all concerned.

7.2.1 Different phases of emergency

Warning phase

Emergencies /disasters are generally preceded by warnings during which preventive measures may be initiated. For example release of light hydrocarbons, uncontrollable build-up of pressure in process equipment, weather forecast give warning about formation of vapour cloud, cyclones, equipment failure, cyclones respectively.

Impact Phase

This is the phase when emergency /disaster actually strikes and preventive measures may hardly be taken. However, control measures to minimise the effects may be taken through a well-planned and ready-to-act disaster management plan. The duration may be from seconds to days.

Rescue and Relief Phase

This is the phase when impact is almost over and efforts are concentrated on rescue and relief measures.

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Rehabilitation Phase

During which measures required to put the situation back to normal as far as possible are taken. Checking the systems, estimating damages, repair of equipments and putting them again into service are taken up.

Types of Emergency /Disaster –

1. Leakage of LPG/light hydrocarbons and formation of vapour cloud 2. Fire Emergency in LPG areas 3. Fire in tank farm area 4. Large oil spillage which may escape outside the boundary. 5. Major fire / explosion in unit area 6. Toxic gas release 7. Major Earthquake above 7(seven) Richter Scale

7.2.2 Causes of emergency /disaster –

• Deficiency during design and construction. • Sub-standard maintenance and inspection • Improper operation • Neglecting warning phase • Natural calamity like earthquake / lightning / cyclone • Flash Strike • Sabotage • War • Hitting by aeroplane / satellite

7.2.3 Facilities Required during emergency

Details of communication facilities available during emergency and those required for an offsite emergency

Following are the communication facilities for any emergency at NRL.

a) P&T Telephones: Individual telephone connections, both in office as well as residence, to all key persons of the refinery (including all Fire & Safety personnel). b) Intercom system for Refinery with 800 lines, covering all offices, control rooms, unit and offsite areas, electrical sub-station, stores and workshops and other strategic locations like main gate, material gate, watch towers etc. c) Intercom system with another 500 lines connecting the quarters, offices, security main gate etc. of township. d) Multi-channel mobile VHF station, seven nos. of base stations and VHF handsets. Range of these equipment are as follows: (i) Base station : 25 km (ii) Mobile : 10 km (iii) Handsets : 5 km e) Public Address system to Central Control Room with all units and fire station f) OIL COMNET g) E-mail h) ERP i) V Sat

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Fire fighting and other facilities available and those required for an offsite Emergency

Following Fire protection facilities are available to combat the Emergencies and depending upon the type of Emergencies any one or combination of the facilities are applied. a. Fire Water System b. Carbon Dioxide System c. Foam System d. First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment e. Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment f. Gas / Fire Detection and Alarm System. g. Rim Seal Fire Protection System h. High Volume Long Range Monitor i. Medium Expansion Foam Generator j. Clean Agent Flooding System

a) Fire water system

• Design fire water flow rate is the sum of water rates for two major fires (= 3500 M3/hr). It based on fighting two major fires simultaneously anywhere in the refinery / NRMT complex. • System Pressure: Minimum residual pressure of 7.0 kg/ cm2 (g) at the remotest point of application in the complex.

b) Carbon Dioxide System (in CPP)

The fire extinguishing system for protection of Turbo-set in housed in an enclosure by total CO2 flooding system separately for turbine and Generator of Turbo-set. The Fire detection system is separately provided in CPP control room and other areas to actuate the system of Fire protection / Fire Fighting in Turbo – set.

The CO2 fire fighting system consists of two separate racks. The first one is designed for auxiliary turbine, gear compartment and the second one for Generator compartment.

Each Fire Extinguishing system for Turbine / Generator consists of 11 CO2 cylinders of 66 kg each (6+5) with four pilot cylinders having Nitrogen gas etc. at higher pressure.

On detection of fire the Nitrogen gas cylinder actuates and N2 gas punctures the CO2 cylinder releasing CO2 gas through nozzles of CO2 pipe line to the inside of the covered enclosure extinguishing the fire. Similar arrangement of CO2 flooding systems is provided in the Generator system.

The automatic CO2 protection system is provided for the cable gallery and switch room of Captive Power Plant. (CPP).

c) Foam System Two types of systems are in use.

• Semi fixed Foam system : In this system foam solution is supplied through mobile foam tender to fixed piping system connected to foam makers of tanks (vapour seal box in case of cone roof tanks).

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• Fixed foam system:- In this system foam solution is supplied from a fixed foam tank through a electrical cum diesel driven pump. Fix foam system is installed in NRMT and CPP day tank. The storage capacity of NRMT foam tank is 6000 L and CPP day tank storage tank is 4920 L. • Mobile System: Mobile system includes foam producing unit mounted on wheels to supply foam through monitors to the burning surface.

d) First Aid Fire Fighting Equipment ( Fire Extinguisher)

First aid fire fighting equipment (extinguishers) provided in process units, off-sites, utilities and building etc. are of following types.

• CO2 type: 6.5 kg. & 9.0 kg capacities. • DCP type: 75 Kg (Trolley Mounted) and 9 & 10 kg capacities.

e) Mobile Fire Fighting Equipment

Foam cum water tenders (4 nos.) Each foam tender has one Water Tank and one Foam Tank having capacities 2600 L and 3000 L respectively for three old tenders and 3500L & 4500KL respectively for new one. The tenders are equipped with public address system, siren and other accessories.

D.C.P Tender ( 1 no.) : Total capacity of two storage tanks : 2 x 2000 = 4000 kg. Total no. of Nitrogen Cylinders : 32 Capacity of each N2 cylinder : 50 litres. Monitor discharge capacity : 40 kg / sec, 25 kg/ Sec, 15 kg./Sec. Pilot cylinder (CO2) capacity : 2 Kg

Mobile Oil Spill Recovery Unit - 1 No.

f) Fire detection and alarm systems: Adequate fire detection and alarm systems are provided in NRL to detect in case of fire happens. g) Rim Seal Fire Protection System: The overall purpose of the system is to detect and extinguish the Rim seal fire over external floating roof tanks storing class “A” Petroleum products at the incipient stage and simultaneously alert the personnel at the facility so that they can respond to the incident. All class “A” Petroleum products tanks are having Rim Seal Protection system. h) High Volume Long Range Monitor :- 82 nos of HIGH VOLUME LONG RANGE WATER CUM FOAM MONITOR are located in OMS/NRMT and different process area i) Medium Expansion Foam Generator (MEFG):- Fixed type Medium Expansion foam generators are provided in the Class –A tank dykes for fighting fires in dyke area and to arrest vapor cloud formation from spilled volatile hydrocarbons.

j) Clean Agent Flooding System: The Central Control Room and the Wax & SRB control rooms are equipped with Automation Clean Agent Flooding System.

Details of First Aid and Hospital services available and its adequacy:

1. A Medical Centre with one Doctor and para-medical staff runs in the plant round the clock to provide preliminary medical aid to accident victims. 2. The doctor is a specialist in occupational diseases, having the Associated Fellowship in Industrial Medicine from Central Labour Institute, Mumbai.

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3. One ambulance is available at the Medical Centre round the clock. 4. Fully equipped 30 bedded Vivekananda Kendra Hospital at Township of NRL with specialists of various disciplines and other medical staffs are available round the clock. It is also having a burn ward. 5. If the seriousness of injury is such that medical aid of VK Hospital is felt to be inadequate, victim is referred to outside hospitals. 6. During major emergency, medical staff report to the affected site for immediate relief.

7.2.4 Responsibilities

Incident Controller: • The Incident Controller is the person from the Operation department available at site who will assume overall responsibility for all activities relating to control Disaster. He will organize operational changes, isolation of process equipments/systems, guide Fire and Safety crew, advise evacuation of injured & others and keep coordination with various functions. • Entire Refinery and Marketing Terminal has been divided into 4 groups of 3/4 personnels covering all the Units to earmark Incident Controller for a particular unit / area as shown in the Grouping & Responsibilities for Incident Controller (ann 2). All earmarked individuals of affected area shall be assembled at Emergency Site and one of them would take charge as per seriatim and others will act as per his advice. For other areas like Warehouse, Workshop and Laboratory etc. S/I (F&S) / SM (F&S) will be the Incident Controller. • Incident Controller would wear Red Helmet and Red & White jacket for easy identification. These will be available in Fire Tender.

Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) for onsite Emergency /Disaster:

The Chief Emergency Coordinator is the overall Incharge who would assist Incident Controller in all respects in controlling the Emergency situation. He would extend all assistance for Emergency control by coordinating with all the Coordinators as per the responsibilities outlined in the Organogram / Sub Organograms either from Incident Site in case of Major Fire or from Onsite Emergency Control Room in case of Disaster/Emergency.

The authorized Chief Emergency Coordinators are same for both Major Fire and Disaster/Emergency as shown in the Main Organograms. All the earmarked CECs as shown in the Main Organograms are required to get assembled at Emergency site or Onsite Emergency control room and the senior most individual shall take over the role of CEC in seriatim and the rest will act as per his advice.

The Chief Emergency Coordinator of Major Fire would, however, declare it as Onsite Emergency if situation demands and take position as CEC for Onsite Emergency at Onsite Emergency control room in Fire Station.

Flow Chart for Responsibility of Advisory Body And Chief Emergency Coordinator is given in Figure: 7.3.

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Figure: 7.3: Organogram for Advisory & Chief Emergency Coordinator

7.2.5 Procedure for Reporting an Emergency & Communication

Reporting of Fire / Disastrous Event:

Any person who notices a Fire, Smoke or a Disastrous event must immediately report to the Unit Shift I/C (Operation) and Fire station. Fire Station may be informed by any of the following means:

· Telephone (Telephone Nos: 333, 444 or 3576/3573) · Public address system · VHF Channel 8 · Fire alarm system

Declaration of Onsite Emergency /Disaster

Onsite Emergency /Disaster shall be declared by the following persons in seriatim, depending on availability at the incident site: • Chief Emergency Co-ordinator. • Incident Controller / Shift I/C (Operation) • SM (F&S) / Shift I/C (F&S)

Immediately after declaring, the authorized person will inform Fire Station to activate the siren as applicable. Control Room Operator on-desk or operator authorized by him during his absence will activate the applicable siren.

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Siren Siren Code:

i. Test siren: Straight run siren for 2 minutes daily at 7 am ii. Minor fire : No siren. iii. Major fire : Wailing siren for 2 minutes. iv. Disaster : 2 minutes wailing siren thrice at gap of 1 minute v. All clear : Straight run siren for 2 minutes.

Soon after the Emergency Siren, Fire Station Control Room operator will inform Duty Officer, CISF Refinery Main Gate to inform Township Security Gate (Tel no 4100) about the location and nature of Disaster/Emergency.

Also, Fire Station operator, Township Group and CISF Refinery Main Gate I/C will display the location of disaster/emergency at their respective areas.

Informing Important Persons

Person acting as Control room operator will inform about the Incident to the important officials through Group Communication telephone. Alternately, important persons at Refinery / Township to be informed over telephone in the following sequence.

Phase I

Sl Officer Intercom(o) Intercom(R) Tel.(P&T)[O] Tel (P&T) [R] No 1 DGM (HSE) 2154 5026 265592 266560 2 SM (F&S) 3568 5029 265527 3 GM (Ops) 2166 4429 265737 4 GM (Main.) 2142 4434 265515 266444 5 SGM (Proj) 2144 4504/4510 265416/665 266314 GM (Coml & 2140 4404 265545 266440 6 L) 7 SGM (HR) 2134 6001 265411 266358 8 GM (Fin) 2136 6003/6004 265561 266404

Communication in VHF channels during Emergency /Disaster

As communication will be an important aspect, the following allocation of VHF set is to be strictly followed once Disaster/emergency is declared.

Channel Channel Sl No Area/Location Sl No Area/Location No No I 1 Priority Channel VII 7 SRU/CCU II 2 NRMT VIII 8 F&S III 3 HCU/OM&S IX 9 Mech./Inspection IV 4 Electrial/Planning/ X 10 P&A/Township Security Civil V 5 CPP & Utility XI 11 Instrumentation VI 6 CDU/VDU/DCU/M XII 12 Project SP

For smooth functioning of Onsite Emergency activities all Coordinators / Area Coordinators will be having VHF handsets.

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7.2.6 General Guidelines for On-duty / Off-duty Employees

On-duty Personnel: In the event of Emergency /Disaster, employees assigned for specific responsibilities will immediately assume their respective roles. All other onduty employees whose names or designations are not appearing in the organograms may stay back in their respective work places and wait for further instructions from their respective Shift I/C, HODs, Engg. Services Coordinator or Chief Emergency Coordinator (CEC) and act accordingly.

Off-duty personnel: On hearing siren for Emergency /Disaster, employees assigned for specific responsibilities as per the Organograms / Suborganograms will immediately report to the Refinery site and assume their roles. The employees of the affected area in particular must move to join the Emergency site. The employees of the unaffected operational units may also move to their respective units. Others will remain assembled at Township Security Gate and wait for further instruction from site and act accordingly. Persons called from site by Engineering Service Coordinator or other coordinator will move to refinery and assemble at Workshop or designated place respectively.

7.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF THE CONTRACT AND SUB-CONTRACT WORKERS

Action Plan for the Implementation of OHS standards as per OSHAS/USEPA

For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation of OHS Standards as per OSHAS/USEPA is as shown below:

• Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy; • To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.; • Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to respond to Potential Emergencies; • Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and evaluation as and when drill planned by safety department; • Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the hazardous process; • Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting System; • Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System; • MSDS of all chemicals of company; • Review of first aid facility; • Preparing first aider & its information at work place; • Identifying training needs of all the departments; • Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in workers by conducting lectures for occupational health hazards in annual planner at training center; • Up-keepment of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records.

Health Checkup Plan

Regular (6 monthly) periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at hazardous processes will be carried out as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

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Action Plan in Case of Emergency

• Same procedure and facilities are availed of for emergencies related to contract and subcontract workers, as in cases of regular employees. • Facilities for full time specialist services, major operation theatre, pathology laboratory, digital X ray, ECG, Doppler, Ultrasonography, Physiotherapy, In house registered pharmacy etc. are available at the main hospital at Ramagundam. • Ambulance service will be made available to the emergency patients. • Oxygen cylinders, antidotes like methylene blue, IV fluids, wide range of medicines and injections will be available at both IMC, main hospital and even in ambulances. • There will be periodic mock drills, regular first aid classes, fire audit, and audit by OHSAS 18001 group and TUV Ltd. • Onsite & Offsite emergency plans will be available.

7.4 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY

RRA study evaluates the consequences of potential failure scenarios, assess extent of damages, based on damage criteria’s and suggest suitable measures for mitigating the Hazard.

RRA involves identification of various potential hazards & credible or reasonably believable failure scenarios for various units based on their frequency of occurrence & resulting consequence. Basically two types of scenarios are identified spanning across various process facilities; Cases with high chance of occurrence but having low consequence, e.g., Instrument Tapping Failure and cases with low chance of occurrence but having high consequence, e.g., Catastrophic Rupture of Pressure Vessels / Large Hole on the outlet of Pressure Vessels. Effect zones for various outcomes of failure scenarios (Flash Fire, Jet Fire, Pool Fire, Blast overpressure, toxic release, etc.) are studied and identified in terms of distances on plot plan. Based on effect zones, measures for mitigation of the hazard/risk are suggested. Detailed Risk Analysis report is attached as Annexure-XI.

7.5.1 MAJOR OBSERVATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The major credible failure scenarios for the facilities under scope of work are modeled in terms of hydrocarbon release rate, dispersion, flammability & toxic characteristics and detailed consequence analysis of the outcome is presented in this Risk Analysis (RA) report. The summary of major observations & recommendations of RA study for the refinery expansion Project are recorded below. These recommendations are based on analysis of the consequence results due to most credible leak scenario (20 mm leak size) from various process systems under the present project. A. CDU/VDU It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 1.1.1 to 1.4.4 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited within the unit and adjoining roads surrounding the unit. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~78 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~45 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment/tech. structure and adjoining pipe rack located in the northern side of the unit. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken

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within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~89 from the leak point and may impact the pipe rack in the northern side of the unit. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Consider fire proofing requirement for the pipe rack structure on the northern side of the unit during the detail engg. stage. It is also suggested to ensure availability of active fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are installed in the unit based on prevailing wind direction. c. Ensure that the crude pump is located as far as possible from the unit B/L during detail engg. stage.

B. FCCU & PRU It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 2.1.1 to 2.6.3 in annexure- I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited within the unit and doesn’t reach on the ground in some of the cases. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~45 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~47 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment/tech. structure provided within the unit. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~51 from the leak point and may impact the tech structure and furnace. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure availability of active/Passive fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are installed in the unit based prevailing wind direction. c. Ensure that SRR of FCCU Block is made blast resistant and positively pressurized.

C. MS BLOCK (NHT/CCR/ISOM) It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 3.1.1 to 3.5.4, 4.1.1 to 4.4.3 & 5.1.1 to 5.3.4 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process units that the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the boundary of the unit. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~91 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~57 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and pipe rack provided on the western side of the unit. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~112 m from the leak point and may impact the tech. structure and furnace leading to their possible damage. IDLH value of benzene, toluene and H2S is expected to reach up to ~35 m, ~630 m and ~413 m respectively from the leak point.

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In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the units and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure availability of active/Passive fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are provided in the unit based on prevailing wind direction. c. Ensure the availability of assembly point outside the IDLH value (for Toluene) from the unit at a suitable location (beyond~630 m) in upwind direction as the toxic contour is impacting the existing occupied buildings e.g. lab building, medical centre etc. d. Relocate MM shelter to a suitable location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone distance, in case the same is an occupied place. e. Ensure that SRR of MS Block is made blast resistant and positively pressurized.

D. DHDT It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 6.1.1 to 6.4.4 in annexure- I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the boundary of the unit and in some cases doesn’t reach on the ground. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~135 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~54 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure within this zone. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~155 m from the leak point and may impact the ware house, tech. structure and furnace leading to their possible damage. IDLH value of H2S is expected to reach up to ~552 m from the leak point and extending beyond the plant boundary limit. As per the attached MOM in Annexure-III, the possibility of retaining the canteen facility in the proposed CA/IG area was studied. It is observed from the various impact contour that the canteen facility is not impacted by the considered failure scenario in the proposed nearby process facility however, the over pressure contour of 2 psi is passing very close to the canteen facility and since the leak point may shift during detail engg. stage hence the possibility of damage to canteen and potential workers/personnel safety hazard cannot be totally overlooked at this stage of the study. In addition, canteen will be a potential ignition source near the process area and hence may be an additional cause of concern during the operation life cycle. In line with the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure availability of active fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity in the unit. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are installed in the unit based on prevailing wind direction. c. It is suggested to ensure that the plant boundary limit is extended in the southern side to limit the H2S IDLH conc. within the plant boundary. It is further advised to ensure availability of assembly point outside the IDLH value from the unit at a suitable location (beyond~552 m) in upwind direction. d. Explore the possibility of inventory isolation on actuation of F&G detector during engg. phase of the project to minimize inventory release in case of leakage. e. It is advised to relocate MM shelter to a suitable location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone, in case the same is an occupied place.

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f. Ensure DHDT SRR is positively pressurized to minimize chances of HC/H2S gas ingress in the building. g. Ensure blast resistant design for RUF/HGU/DHT SRR building. h. As proposed in the plot plan, ensure that ware house is shifted to a suitable location outside the unit at a safe location. i. It is suggested to relocate the existing canteen to a safer location away from the process area, as the possibility of damage to canteen building can’t be totally ignored at this stage.

However, if existing canteen is to be retained at present location then ensure that stripper reflux pump of DHDT is located at ~200 m (min.) from the canteen building during detail engg. stage. The location of canteen building should also be reviewed with respect to QRA study which is suggested to be carried out during detail engg. stage of the project.

F. SULPHUR BLOCK (SWS/ARU/SRU) It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 8.1.1 to 8.5.1 in annexure- I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process units that the effect zone of flash fire, pool fire and overpressure is not realized at the grade level. IDLH conc. of H2S and NH3 are realized above the grade level and the gas disperses below IDLH value before reaching on the ground in case of leakage from respective H2S and NH3 strippers. An analysis of impact contours due to leakage from Acid Gas KO Drum, H2S Rich Sour Gas KO Drum and NH3 Rich Sour Gas KO Drum shows that IDLH conc. of H2S is reaching up to ~300 m and may extend beyond the southern boundary of the plant. The toxic cloud may reach up to a height of ~12 m before dispersing in the atmosphere below the IDLH conc. Further, IDLH conc. of NH3 is not realized in this scenario.

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In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios, and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Install H2S detector at suitable locations near the H2S stripper top outlet for early detection of any toxic leakage and thereby ensuring suitable action to be taken by operator within time. b. Install H2S detector at suitable locations near the NH3 stripper top outlet for early detection of any toxic leakage and thereby ensuring suitable action to be taken by operator within time. c. Install H2S detector at suitable locations near the Amine regenerator top outlet for early detection of any toxic gas leakage and thereby ensuring suitable action to be taken by operator on time. d. Install H2S detector at suitable locations near the Acid Gas KOD, H2S Rich Sour Gas KOD and NH3 Rich Sour Gas KOD for early detection of any toxic gas leakage and thereby ensuring suitable action to be taken by operator on time. This scenario shall be also covered in Onsite/Offsite disaster management plan. e. Ensure availability of portable H2S detector with the operator/plant personnel while working near the H2S/NH3 Stripper, Acid Gas/H2S Rich Sour Gas/NH3 Rich Sour Gas KOD and Amine Regenerator. f. Ensure availability of assembly point at a distance ~300 m from the sulphur block in upwind direction for personnel working in Slabbing & Packing & warehouse section. It is advised that personnel/workers should immediately evacuate the area and move to assembly point in case of toxic gas alarm. Assembly point to be identified and marked on the plot plan. Further the person working in this area should be adequately trained to response suitably in case of H2S leakage and move to assembly point as identified. This scenario shall be also covered in Onsite/Offsite disaster management plan. It should be noted that gas retaining wall won’t help much in this scenario as dispersion of gas cloud will depend on the prevailing weather condition of the day such scenario happens.

G. RUF It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 9.1.1 to 9.7.4 in annexure- I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited near the boundary of the unit and adjoining road on the eastern side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~67 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~47 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure falling within this range. Impact zone of 37.5 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~53 m from the leak point which may result in damage of tech. structure and process equipment falling within this zone. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~75 m from the leak point and may impact the pipe rack on eastern side of the unit and tech. structure inside the unit leading to their possible damage. It is to be noted that majority of equipment in this unit handles toxic H2S gas along with other hydrocarbon with H2S conc. reaching up to 20 mol% (approx).

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The maximum IDLH distance for H2S as reported by the software based on the credible leak scenario is ~714 m. In view of the above observations from various credible leak scenarios in the unit and their possible impact, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the plant personnel and population outside the plant boundary; a. It is suggested to minimise the potential vulnerable leakage sources like flange joints, small bore pipings in the proces system containing high quantity toxic H2S component during the design. Further explore possibilities to minimize the inventory in the vessel/equipment to the maximum extent during the design. Equipment containing high % of H2S to be located such that they are at maximum distance from plant boundary. b. Assembly point for plant personnel/staffs to be identified to assemble in case of any emergency scenario. Assembly point to be located upwind of the facility and should be marked on the plot plan. c. Install adequate no. of H2S gas detector at suitable locations based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage from the equipment in order to take necessary action on time by the operator. d. Ensure continuous availability of portable H2S detector with the workers/operators while working in RUF unit.

H. DCU It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 10.1.1 to 10.4.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited near the boundary of the unit and adjoining road on the eastern, western and southern side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~80 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~47 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure falling within this range. Impact zone of 37.5 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~53 m from the leak point which may result in damage of tech. structure and process equipment falling in its zone. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~76 m from the leak point and may impact tech. structure inside the unit and damage to existing crusher house and silos on the eastern side of the unit. The maximum IDLH distance for H2S based on the credible leak scenario is ~348 m and is impacting the existing control room, buildings and offices. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios, and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Assembly point for plant personnel/staffs to be identified and marked on the plot plan to assemble in case of any emergency scenario. Assembly point to be located upwind of the unit. b. Review shifting of existing silo, Crusher house & MM SHED to a suitable location outide 2 psi over pressure zone in case they are occupied. c. Install HC & H2S gas detector at suitable locations based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage from the equipment and thereby allowing operator to take necessary action on time.

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I. FCC GASOLINE HDT It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 11.1.1 to 11.3.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the boundary of the unit and overlapping the adjacent CDU/VDU, FCCU, FGHT & Utility substation and FCCU, FGHT & CDU/VDU SRR facilities along with the adjoining road on the northern, southern and western side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~84 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~53 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment, tech. structure and pipe rack structure (on the northern side) falling in this range. Impact zone of 37.5 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is not realized in this scenario. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~168 m from the leak point and may impact tech. structure, furnace inside the unit and damage to proposed FCCU, FGHT, HGU & CDU/VDU SRR buildings. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure SRR CDU/VDU, SRR FCCU, SRR HGU and SRR Gasoline HDT buildings are positively pressurized. b. Install F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage in the unit, so that suitable action can be taken by operator. c. As LFL contour is reaching upto the CDU/VDU, FCCU, FGHT & Utility substation from the source of release hence it is suggested that sub-station building shall be kept positively pressurised.

J. OFFSITE TANKS/BULLETS It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 12.1.1 to 12.9.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios that;  For crude oil storage tank the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the dyke area in the northern side of the facility and impacting the existing operator room (under Bio refinery project). Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~44 m from the tank leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~16 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~27 m from the leak point. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~51 m from the leak point and may impact the existing operator room and MCC leading to their possible damage. 2/3 psi overpressure may lead to damage of cooling tower- bay no 6. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the Crude tank and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact; a. MCC (if occupied) & Operator room to be of blast proof design and positively pressurized or shall be shifted to a safe location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone. b. Firewall to be considered in the dyke to avoid spread of radiation from one tank to another and the same to be depicted in plot plan/provided in a note.

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c. Install F&G detectors at suitable locations based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage in the crude tank dyke area/pipe manifold area. d. Ensure provision of active/Passive fire protection in the design for the crude tanks.  For the LPG bullets, installed along with the propylene bullets, effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the bullet area in the eastern and southern side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~49 m from the bullet outlet manifold line. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~56 m from leak point. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~52 m from the leak point. 2/3/5 psi overpressure may reach up to New Operator cabin (on eastern side) and can lead to its possible damage.  For Propylene bullets effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the storage area in the eastern and southern side of the bullets. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~42 m from the bullet outlet line. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~58 m from leak point. Radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is reaching up to ~44 m and may impact the pipe rack structure on the western side of the facility. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~50 m from the leak point. 2/3/5 psi overpressure effects may reach up to New Operator cabin (on eastern side) and can lead to its possible damage. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the LPG and Propylene Bullet area and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact; a. Ensure that the new operator room (as mentioned on the Overall Plot plan) at the eastern side of Propylene/LPG bullet is blast resistant or relocate the same to a safe location outside the 2 psi over pressure zone. b. Install suitable no. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage in the Propylene/LPG bullet area/pipe manifold area. c. Ensure fire proofing requirement for pipe rack structure on the western side of the Propylene/LPG mounded bullet.  For MS tank, effect zone of flash fire is limited within the dyke area. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~17 m from the tank. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~11 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~27 m from the leak point and can impact the proposed pipe rack at the northern side of the storage tank. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~13 m from the leak point and can possibly lead to pipe rack structure damage. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact; a. Ensure fire proofing requirement for pipe rack structure at the northern side of the storage tank. Ensure adequate distance is maintained between the dyke and the pipe rack as per industry norms.

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b. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction at the facility for early detection of any leakage in the MS Tank /pipe manifold area.

K. OFFSITE PUMPS It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 13.1.1 to 13.9.4 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios that;  For DHDT Feed pump, the effect zone of flash fire is limited near the pump house. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenario is ~11 m from the pump. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~23 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~39 m from the leak point and may result in damage of the FCC Feed tank. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~12 m from the leak point. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to improve the safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure active fire protection is provided in the design for the FCC Feed tanks. b. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction at the facility for early detection of any leakage in the DHDT Feed Pump area.  For NHT Feed pump, the effect zone of flash fire is extending up to ~152 from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~38 m from leak point. Impact zone due to pool fire is not realized in this scenario. Blast overpressure of 5 psi is extending up to ~179 m from the leak point and may result in damage to proposed SRR OFFSITE building. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to improve the safety of the unit/plant; a. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind directiony for early detection of any leakage in the NHT Feed Pump area. b. Ensure SRR Offsite building is blast resistant design and positively pressurized or it is shifted to safe location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone (~203 m).  For Reformate pump, the effect zone of flash fire is extending up to ~13 from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~26 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~37 m from the leak point and may result in damage of the pipe rack provided at the southern end of the facility. Blast overpressure of 5 psi is extending up to ~12 m from the leak point and may result in damage to existing oil storage facility. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to improve the safety of the unit/plant; a. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction at the facility for early detection of any leakage in the Reformate Pump area.

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b. Ensure fire proofing requirement in the design for pipe rack structure at the southern side of the reformate pump. c. Relocate the lube oil storage facility near HSD tanks outside the 2 psi over pressure zone, in case the oil storage doesn’t have any dyke and there is possibility of fire escalation spreading to nearby process area.

L. LPG GANTRY It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 14.1.1(a) to 14.2.3(b) in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios that in case of hose rupture the flash fire zone is extending up to a distance of ~142 m and Jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~63 m from leak point. Additionally, Blast overpressure of 2, 3 and 5 psi is extending up to ~197 m, 182 m and 171 m respectively from the leak point endangering various existing and new buildings on the southern and northern side of the proposed gantry location. In view of the above observations the following are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact on the surrounding area; a. Relocate scale room, control room, Main. Building, store, Admin canteen building to a suitable location outside the 2 psi over pressure zone. If shifting of control room is not possible then blast resistant design for control room to be ensured. b. Ensure existing DG Room and substation & new substation Offsite are positively pressurized or shift the same to a non hazardous location outside the flash fire zone. c. Ensure blast resistant design for SRR Offsite building. M. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT a. Updated safe evacuation plan should be made available for the units based on revised layout as part of Disaster Management Plan and should also be implemented. Emergency exit for the new process plant area to be identified and marked on revised plot plan. b. Access road around the new hydrocarbon facilities should be classified and restricted for vehicle movement except for handling emergency situation/crucial maintenance activities. c. Proper checking of personnel at entry gates for inflammable materials to be ensured to avoid presence of any unidentified source of ignition entering into the plant area. d. It is advised to carry portable H2S gas detector while working in the area near the facilities handling high conc. of H2S in the process fluid. e. Instrument tapping, small bore tapping and process equipment should be inspected regularly during operation for integrity check. Periodic health check of equipment, instruments and maintenance of all equipment & piping are required to be ensured. Periodic calibration of instruments and testing of alarms, trips, interlocks should be given due attention under the existing operation & maintenance philosophy of the units. f. As the work will progress in an existing facility, hence it is advised that proper barricading of the construction area to be done prior to installation of the new facilities. It is advised to develop the Barricading Philosophy for this Project and the same to be followed by owner/contractor during various stages of the project execution.

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g. It is suggested to provide H2S and HC gas detectors along with hooters and alarm along the barricade during construction phase, if there is possibility of gas ingress in the construction area from the process facility operating in the vicinity. h. It is advised to carry out HAZID (Hazard Identification) study of the project facilities and ensure recommendations are implemented suitably. i. SIMOPS study to be carried out for construction/commissioning stage to identify potential hidden hazards associated with the installation of the new facilities and suggest mitigating measures. j. It is suggested to carry out QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment) Study of the complete facilities (including new one) of the refinery during engg. stage of the Project. k. Mock drills to be organized at organization level to ensure preparedness of the operators/personnel’s working in premises for handling any hazardous situation and safe evacuation to identified area. l. It is suggested to ensure that any new gate provided for vehicle entry is round the clock guarded during construction and post-commissioning stages. Any entry/exit to/from the plant area under the proposed project should be properly checked and recorded in the Vehicle/Personnel Movement entry log register. In case, these new gates are to be discarded post-commissioning activities of facilities under project then dismantled boundary wall shall again be erected as per existing oil industry norms. m. It shall be ensured and checked that all vehicles entering the plant area are provided with spark arrestors at the exhaust. n. It is suggested that periodic (by operators) and in service inspection (by certified inspector) of the hydrocarbon tanks/bullets is carried out on regular basis. o. It is suggested to provide suitable fire protection system as applicable and fire fighting facilities for the new project facilities as per standards. p. It is recommended that all workers, working near the leakage area shall wear special breathing equipment while attending the leak. Workers/Personnel not wearing the special breathing equipment should immediately leave the area and move to safe location. This should be covered under SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) of the facilities. q. It is suggested to install permanent CCTV facilities for better monitoring the new units/furnace areas from control room.

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CHAPTER – 8 PROJECT BENEFITS

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8.0 INTRODUCTION

NRL has taken many initiatives after establishing refinery. Some of the major initiatives with direct and indirect benefits to the surrounding people are mentioned below. However, the proposed capacity expansion will add more benefits to the present schemes carried out by NRL. The proposed project of NRL would improve the social and economic environment in the vicinity and meets the fuel needs of the state as well as within the country.

8.1 METHODOLOGY OF IDENTIFYING SCHEMES

Suitable community development schemes would be identified in consultation with the nearby Panchayats, Government agencies and local NGOs. The recommended major schemes were evaluated by an internal committee of Corporate Social Responsibility group. The review of the socioeconomic suitability of these schemes was examined by an external expert.

Numaligarh Refinery Limited plays an indispensible role in the lives of innumerable people. Ever since it’s commissioning in 1999, NRL has been contributing to the economic growth of the North East region in the country. NRL has directly and indirectly induced growth and development into the economic growth of the state. Moreover, NRL has been contributing to the welfare of the neighboring villages through different means. The main objectives of NRL community development schemes include extending medical care to the poor, giving educational assistance to students, economically empowering the poor and developing infrastructural facilities for the public good.

8.2 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY

India has been witnessing rapid urban and industrial growth in the past two decades, and with the country’s current liberalization policy, this growth is expected to accelerate further. As a consequence of the rapid rate of industrialization in India, petroleum products needs are increasing at an equally rapid rate and the supply-demand gap is widening and steps must be taken to address this issue. The proposed project will result in the supply of increased volumes of petroleum products to meet the energy security of the country.

8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The proposed project would generate some direct and indirect employment opportunities during construction and operation phases, which will benefit the local economy. Improvement in the overall socio-economic status of the vicinity of project area, in the thematic areas of health, education, livelihood and infrastructure is expected.

Social Development is an important component of any project taken by NRL. An understanding of society is essential in helping people meet their social needs - food, water, shelter, health, knowledge, skills and physical and emotional security. How people define such needs and the priority and value they give to them varies tremendously, not only from one country to another, but between different groups of people. A starting point for establishing appropriate and sustainable social services should be an analysis of how individuals, families and communities organise themselves in society to meet their needs as they define them. These facts have been already been noticed by NRL and same are being focused while carrying out the development programmes in nearby areas.

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CHAPTER 9

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES

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9.1 EXISTING REFINERY

9.2 SITE SELECTION

The proposed refinery expansion is coming within the existing refinery battery limit. No alternative site selection was carried out because the existing refinery has enough space to cater the new facilities.

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CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

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10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS Environmental cost-beneﬁt analysis, or CBA, refers to the economic appraisal of policies and projects that have the deliberate aim of improving the provision of environmental services or actions that might affect (sometimes adversely) the environment as an indirect consequence. Vital advances have arisen in response to the challenges that environmental problems and environmental policy pose for CBA. It also compares the monetary value of benefits with the monetary value of costs in order to evaluate and prioritize issues. The effect of time (i.e. the time it takes for the benefits of a change to repay its costs) is taken into consideration by calculating a payback period. In its simple form, CBA uses only financial costs and financial benefits.

10.1 PROJECT FINANCIAL DETAILS The estimated capital cost for the Expansion project is Rs. 22,594.00 Crores.

10.2 PROJECT COSTS The allocation of the project cost will be approved by NRL. This cost includes the following:

(i) Civil Works, (ii) Construction, (iii) Equipment and its installation, and (iv) Consulting engineering design and supervision.

Besides that, the abatement cost also should take into consideration in order to reduce the pollution which will harm the community and human beings.

10.3 MONITORING AND REPORTING COSTS

During the construction period, the monitoring process should be required in order to make sure that the construction of the project related activities is according to the schedule. The minor cost of the equipment required for monitoring environmental impacts is also included in the project cost.

10.4 NON-QUANTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The construction of the NRL also will produce some non quantified environmental impacts from project development, increased other development off-site, including noise pollution, air pollution, and surface water pollution, but these are considered marginal, and additional economic assessment is not required. Therefore, as mentioned earlier, the abatement cost is included in the project cost.

Besides the tangible benefits, the project has got number of intangible benefits like, socio economic benefits to the local people and the region, generation of revenue for the state apart from growth through industrialization. The proposed project will result in increased volume of petroleum products to meet the energy security of nation.

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CHAPTER – 11

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

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11.0 Executive Summary

The Executive Summary covers the following topics in brief: 1. Project Description 2. Description of Environment 3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures 4. Environmental Monitoring Programme 5. Environment Management Plan 6. Project Benefits 7. Additional studies

11.1 Project Description

Introduction M/s. Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) is one of the major Petroleum Refining Industry located in the North East region. The refinery has spread over an area of 303 Ha. The refinery was commissioned in 1999 and presently has an installed capacity of 3 MMTPA.

NRL has been upgraded and certified against the latest version of the standard i.e., ISO 14001: 2015 replacing the earlier ISO 14001: 2004 which it earned immediately after commissioning.

The major activity carried out at Numaligarh Refinery is refining of Crude oil & it’s separation into various fractions / constituents viz.

The main products of the refinery are LPG, Naphtha, Motor spirit, HSD, ATF, Kerosene, Sulphur and Coke.

Proposed Project Refinery Capacity Expansion

Numaligarh Refinery is currently expanding its refining capacity from 3.0 To 9.0 MMTPA by installing an additional 6.0 MMTPA refinery. The additional 6.0 MMTPA refinery will be designed to refine the imported sour crude. The crude will be getting from the Paradip port. The major products from this 6.0 MMTPA refinery are LPG, Naphtha, BS-VI grade Motor spirit and HSD, Sulphur and Coke.

The present refinery is designed to refine crude oil of 3.0 MMTPA. NRL intends to install an additional crude oil refining capacity of 6.0 MMTPA in their battery limits.

The following processing options have been considered for the design Case:

 Primary processing Option:

- 6.0 MMTPA of crude to CDU/VDU

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 Light ends Processing options:

- Naphtha Hydro-treater/Naphtha Iso-merisation/ Naphtha Continuous Catalytic Regeneration Units (NHT/ISOM/CCR)

 Secondary Processing options:

- Diesel Hydrotreating unit (DHDT) - Petro Fluidized Catalytic Cracker (PFCC,including cracked LPG treating facility)) - FCC Gasoline Desulfurization Unit

 ResidueUpgradation options

- Residue Upgradation Facility (RUF) comprising of Ebullated bed Resid hydrocracker with integrated VGO Hydrotreater

 Auxiliary Units - Hydrogen Generation Unit (HGU)

- SRU/SWS/ARU/TGTU

- Straight run LPG treating Unit (Comprising RUF and Straight run LPG treating Unit)

- Utility Boilers to meet new refinery steam demand.

- Incidental power from new STGs and balance power required from grid.

- Intermediate & final product storage & handling facilities, as required

Implementation of this project will enable NRL to increase BS VI grade MS and HSD production. Thereby reducing the further environmental impact on the atmosphere.

M/s NRL has entrusted M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for various environmental components of the proposed expansion project. EIL is an accredited consultant for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India in Category A – “petroleum refining industry”; Sector 10 as per NABET scheme & 4(a) (MoEFCC).

Environmental Monitoring was undertaken at various locations in the study area within impact zone of 10 km radial distances around the proposed project. The environmental baseline data collection involved the assessment of various environmental parameters like ambient air, water, noise, land, soil, traffic, flora fauna, meteorology and socio – economic aspects. The study has been conducted for one year i.e. February 2019 to April 2019.

11.1.1 Configuration of Proposed Refinery Capacity Expansion project

The proposed project only deals with the Refining of imported sour crude. The following units are envisaged in the additional refinery:

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The fuels produced from this new train will meet BS-VI grade fuel norms.

The estimated capital cost for the proposed Refinery Capacity expansion is Rs. 22594 Crores.

The product slate in the additional train favors maximization of Domestic regular Motor spirit (BS-VI) and Domestic High speed diesel (HSD) (BS-VI). Table 11.1 gives the present product slate.

Table 11.1: Proposed Product Slate for NREP

Propylene LPG Minimization Case Feed Purchase Maximization Case (MMTPA) (MMTPA) Arab Light 1.8 1.8 Arab Heavy 4.2 4.2 Natural Gas 0.494 0.477 VR of existing refinery VDU 0.306 0.306 Coker Light and Heavy Naphtha from existing 0.045 0.045 refinery DCU HCGO from existing 0.109 0.109 refinery DCU Product Sales (MMTPA)

LPG 0.500 0.954 BS VI Gasoline 1.572 1.301 2.155 (32.5%) Light Distillate 2.072 (29.8%) BS-VI HSD 3.370 3.180 3.18(45.8%) Middle Distillate 3.370 (48.5%) RUF bottoms to existing 0.544 0.561 Coker

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0.544 (7.8%) Heavy distillate 0.561(8.1%) Sulfur (TPD) 434 434

Fuel and Loss 0.805 (11.6%) 0.812 (11.7%)

The following utilities will be used for the proposed Refinery Capacity Expansion project:

 Additional power requirement for the proposed project is around 135 MW which will be sourced by installing a two extraction type STG’s of 12 MW & 23 MW and 100 MW will be imported from grid power.

 The total requirement of raw water for the post NREP is around 2508 m3/hr.

 BFW requirement for the proposed project is 275 TPH.

 During normal operation, sour water from all the units will be routed to SWS unit and only stripped water from SWS will come to ETP. Total stripped sour water quantity is estimated to 100 m3/hr. However, part of this is normally routed to crude De-salter in CDU/VDU.

 Boiler blow down will be routed to ETP for reuse and recovery.

 Sufficient storage shall be provided for sour water at the generation points, so that during start up and shut down sour effluent can be diverted to these storage tanks instead of diverting to wastewater treatment plant.

11.2 Description of Environment

Environmental baseline data has been collected around NRL site during the period of February 2019 to April 2019 by M/s Vardan EnviroLab, Gurugram, Haryana which is one of the MoEFCC recognized and NABl accredited approved environmental laboratory. The baseline data for various environmental components related Ambient Air Quality, Water Quality, Noise Level, Traffic Density, Soil, Meteorology and Socio-Economic Data were monitored and collected in an area of 10 km radius from the plant site.

11.2.1 METEOROLOGY

To record the prevailing meteorological conditions at the site, a meteorological observatory was set up at a height 10m above the ground level at the NRL project site. The micro-meteorological parameters of interest in the context of Impact Assessment are wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, ambient temperature and rainfall.

During the study period the predominant wind directions were observed from ENE followed by NE with an avg. speed of 2.80 m/s. The minimum and maximum temperature recorded during the study period was was 11.9 °C and 36.5 °C respectively.

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11.2.2 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT In order to obtain baseline air quality status, total eight (08) nos. air quality monitoring stations were set up in and around 10 km radius area of NRL Refinery. The locations were identified considering the location of human settlements and predominant wind directions in the area.

All the sampling sites are monitored at a height ranging from 3-5 m and free from any obstructions. Location wise highest 98 percentile values for collected parameters are given in below Table 11.2.

Table 11.2 Summary of Air Monitoring Data Analysis

S.No. Location PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO NH3 O3 (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) Near NRL BIO 1 65.86 30.10 16.10 27.10 0.84 35.89 34.35 Refinery 2 Near Telgram 82.19 46.90 14.70 28.20 0.83 30.04 36.29 3 Near INTAKE 79.90 46.40 14.20 33.30 0.88 35.09 37.35 4 Near Bishnupur 81.64 47.06 13.55 29.31 0.85 32.47 31.99 No.2 Rongbong 5 (Near Pankha 70.10 35.00 12.00 20.10 0.86 33.05 34.84 Gaon) Near Pura 6 67.86 31.86 18.70 24.10 0.89 29.20 35.07 Bangla Near 7 Numaligarh 95.16 51.16 19.40 29.07 0.91 30.97 34.26 Dhaba Near Sankala 8 82.20 45.65 18.148 29.10 0.90 32.08 30.56 Gaon

From Table 11.2, it can be seen that the 98 percentile values at various monitoring

stations for gaseous pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO and NH3, benzene were found well below the National Ambient Air Quality standards for residential/industrial areas.

11.2.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT Baseline water data was collected at Sixteen (16) nos. locations (08 nos. ground water locations, and 08 nos. surface water sources) at around 10 km radius area of NRL. The samples were analyzed for Colour, Odour, Taste, Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Sulphides, Sulphate, Chloride, Sodium, Potassium, Silica, Oil & Grease, Fluoride, Nitrates, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Ammonical Nitrogen, Salinity, Dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD,

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Total Coliform, Faecal coliform. Collected baseline water data is summarized in Table 11.3 & 11.4 below:

Table 11.3: Summary of physicochemical data collected for Ground Water Environment

Ground Water

Parameter Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8

Temperature 0C 18.50 19.20 18.50 18.70 19.70 19.00 18.10 18.70

0 pH (at 25 C) -- 7.24 7.92 7.20 7.21 7.41 7.53 7.28 7.39

Colour Hazen *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 25.8 *BDL *BDL *BDL

Turbidity NTU *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable <5.0 Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 182.36 Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

Total Hardness as mg/l 165.00 176.20 173.40 184.63 77.75 171.33 170.10 169.20 CaCO3

Calcium as Ca mg/l 38.04 24.68 42.60 41.66 156.80 28.15 26.88 40.25

Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 157.12 128.97 150.65 138.41 95.71 134.54 124.71 129.28

Chloride as Cl mg/l 48.00 46.50 64.30 58.70 2.83 44.04 56.57 59.30

#Cyanide as CN mg/l *BDL BDL *BDL *BDL 328.00 *BDL BDL *BDL

Total Phosphate mg/l 2.0 1.8 1.24 2.70 2.30 1.10 1.04 1.00

Phosphorus mg/l 15.72 18.40 21.46 15.20 22.47 18.74 22.60 28.00

Nickel mg/l 0.36 0.43 0.61 0.45 0.74 0.31 0.48 0.40

Lead as Pb mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Magnesium as Mg mg/l 17.03 27.85 16.30 19.61 28.6 18.45 28.63 17.30

Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 325.68 279.54 325.94 286.50 3.3 311.34 244.54 329.99

Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 26.90 21.65 34.16 26.38 0.29 29.97 26.00 30.18

Fluoride as F mg/l 0.46 0.64 0.46 0.38 0.07 0.45 0.56 0.39

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Ground Water

Parameter Units GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8

Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 4.50 8.50 9.50 7.50 9.08 6.56 7.55 8.75

Iron as Fe mg/l 0.26 0.28 0.18 0.22 1.04 0.55 0.43 0.34

#Aluminium as Al mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL 0.20 *BDL *BDL *BDL

Boron mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Total Chromium as Cr mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Conductivity µS/cm 540 470 541 480 345 540 470 541

Phenolic Compounds mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

#Mineral Oil mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Anionic Detergents as mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL MBAS

Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.58 *BDL 0.67 0.57 0.43 *BDL 0.54 0.61

Copper as Cu mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Manganese as Mn mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Cadmium as Cd mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

Lead as Pb mg/l *BDL <2 *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

#Selenium as Se mg/l *BDL Absent *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

#Arsenic as As mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

#Mercury as Hg mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL

MPN/100 Total Coliform <2 *BDL <2 <2 <2 <2 *BDL *BDL ml

Absen E. Coli Absent 0.46 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent t

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Table 11.4: Summary of physicochemical data collected for Surface Water Environment

Surface Water

Units SW1 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 Parameter SW2

Temperatur

e 0C 17.10 16.80 16.30 16.90 16.80 17.00 16.50 16.60 pH (at 25 0 -- 7.24 7.50 7.36 7.28 7.46 7.45 7.23 7.54 C) Ha Colour *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL zen Turbidity NTU 20.00 15.00 20.00 20 10 20.00 20 10 Odour -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Total

Hardness mg/l 146.38 156.82 154.32 156.46 205.60 154.87 176.76 187.60

as CaCO3 Calcium as mg/l 21.50 24.90 31.50 32.20 42.16 27.50 34.20 33.16 Ca Alkalinity as mg/l 122.98 132.40 128.90 131.06 138.40 121.40 132.02 134.45 CaCO3 Chloride as mg/l 28.63 33.84 38.94 42.30 45.26 35.53 41.31 38.28 Cl Total mg/l 0.98 1.16 2.13 2.60 3.42 2.13 1.00 1.09 Phosphate

Phosphorus mg/l 8.23 10.45 12.45 14.92 18.70 13.46 19.00 21.00 Nickel mg/l 1.04 1.20 0.94 0.86 1.05 1.45 1.18 0.92 Lead mg/l 0.38 0.62 0.42 0.36 0.33 0.42 0.60 0.28 Residual free mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL Chlorine #Cyanide mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL as CN Magnesium mg/l 22.54 23.01 18.40 18.49 24.25 20.47 19.98 20.25 as Mg Total Dissolved mg/l 223.00 235.89 310.00 284.63 284.61 266.06 256.75 248.68 Solids Total Suspended mg/l 21.00 28.00 22.68 27.20 27.63 28.09 22.20 25.54 solids Dissolved mg/l 6.80 6.80 6.8 7.12 5.2 6.2 6.5 6.7 Oxygen Sulphate as 4 mg/l 12.80 16.94 10.56 15.10 18.60 15.43 13.10 16.62 SO

Fluoride as mg/l 0.42 0.63 0.52 0.29 0.58 0.57 0.39 0.43

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Surface Water

Units SW1 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 Parameter SW2 F BOD (3

Days at mg/l <5.00 <5.00 5.40 7.60 <5.00 5.02 <5.00 <5.00 270C)

COD mg/l 12.36 14.56 15.64 21.30 23.50 14.62 17.37 15.50 Conductivit µS/cm 346 390.00 356.28 406 450 366.24 440 410 y Nitrate as mg/l 11.20 13.80 14.69 16.49 16.40 13.63 13.49 15.44 NO3 Sodium as mg/l 14.50 18.50 12.16 21.40 22.94 14.16 20.43 20.94 Na Potassium mg/l 3.84 3.50 3.61 3.08 4.20 3.76 3.64 3.20 as K

Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.20 0.20 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.18 #Aluminium mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL as Al

Boron mg/l 0.28 0.33 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.31 Chromium mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL as Cr Phenolic Compound mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL s

Mineral Oil mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL Anionic Detergents mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL as MBAS

Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.58 0.80 0.80 0.49 0.44 0.78 0.48 0.59 Copper as mg/l 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.21 Cu Manganese mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL as Mn Cadmium mg/l *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL *BDL as Cd Total MPN/1 500 900 500 110 110 310 125 315 Coliform 00ml #Fecal MPN/1 300 500 200 80 80 220 240 180 Coliform 00ml

BDL: Below Detectable Limit

Ground water samples are compared with the ‘Water Criteria Limits’ (CPCB (Table 3.21 of Chapter-3). All the ground water samples are falling under the ‘C’ category (Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection).

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For surface water samples, the pH found to be neutral. However, the use of surface water for potable and drinking purpose must be sterilized before use with suitable disinfectant.

Surface water samples were compared with Water Quality Criteria, published by CPCB for its suitability to drinking, outdoor bathing, drinking water after treatment, propagation of wild life, fisheries and irrigation purpose and found to falling under B and C class of water.

11.2.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT & TRAFFIC SURVEY

The noise monitoring and Traffic survey was conducted to assess the background noise levels and traffic density at Eight (8) nos. locations near to the refinery. Ambient monitored noise values are summarized in Table 11.5 below:

Noise levels during night time (Lnight.) ranges from 39.10 to 48.10dB (A).Noise levels during day time (Lday.) ranges from 48.76 to 55.10 dB (A).

Table 11.5 - Description of Noise Monitoring Locations and measured values

Location Lday Lnight Near NRL BIO Refinery 54.10 48.10 Near Telgram 53.49 42.54 Near INTAKE 53.1 42.1 Near Bishnupur 51.48 43.13 No.2 Rong bong 53.10 42.10 (Near Pankha Gaon) Near Pura Bangla 48.76 39.10 Near Numaligarh Dhaba 54.80 44.80 Near Sankala Gaon 55.10 40.30

It can be seen that at all the sampling locations, the measured values are within the specified standards.

11.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

There will be no requirement of new land for the proposed refinery capacity expansion project and all the project related activities will be limited to within NRL boundary. Land use and land cover pattern have been studied through interpretation of satellite imageries (thematic maps) are attached as Annexure- VIII.

11.2.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

For establishing the baseline status of soil within the probable impact zone, Soil Samples were collected at six locations in and around the NRL for the following soil parameters: pH, Bulk Density, Specific Gravity, Electrical Conductivity, Porosity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Organic Matter, Total Nitrogen, Phosphate, Potassium and Sodium Adsorption Ratio. The Table 6.0 shows the typical measured values of soil parameters during the study period.

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Code Station Name Code Station Name S1 Near NRL Bio Refinary S4 Near Sankala Gaon S2 No.2 Rong bong (Near Pankha Gaon) S5 Numaligarh Dhaba S3 Near Numaligarh Dhaba S6 Sankala Gaon

Table 11.6 Measured Values of Soil Parameters S. Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 No. 0 1 pH (at 25 C) -- 7.20 7.41 7.40 7.10 7.25 7.56

2 Conductivity mS/cm 0.568 0.630 0.596 0.431 0.536 0.612

3 Soil Texture -- Silty Clay Silty Clay Silty Clay Silty Silty Clay Silty Clay

4 Color -- Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Yellowish Water holding % 5 37.85 35.45 42.35 35.23 35.60 38.40 capacity

6 Bulk density gm/cc 1.40 1.20 1.46 1.50 1.35 1.22

7 Chloride as Cl mg/100g 78.65 84.52 74.65 81.69 72.50 92.10

8 Calcium as Ca mg/100g 57.85 52.14 50.26 62.86 54.26 54.20

9 Sodium as Na mg/kg 45.74 41.75 45.81 44.52 41.60 44.7-0

10 Potassium as K kg/hec. 256.93 269.65 250.23 285.00 245.80 275.60

11 Organic Matter % 0.68 0.70 0.67 0.75 0.65 0.72

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/100g 17.63 15.30 16.42 20.25 15.75 17.25 Available Nitrogen kg./hec. 13 241.00 270.00 266.00 258.00 235.00 280.00 as N

Available kg./hec. 14 23.57 31.23 29.52 34.35 23.50 34.20 Phosphorus

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S. Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 No. mg/kg 20 Copper (as Cu ) 0.47 0.40 0.56 0.70 0.51 0.40

11.2.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There is no national park / wild life sanctuary / eco sensitive area is within 10 Km from NRL Refinery.

11.2.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Socio-economic profile of human settlements around 10 km radius area of NRL has been collected and presented in sec 3.6 of chapter-3 in this EIA study report.

11.3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures

11.3.1 Ambient Air Environment

Mitigation Measures for Minimizing Air Emission Impact

In order to minimize the impact of the project on the environment, due attention is given

for implementing effective pollution control measures. SO2 and NOx are the main air pollutants from the point source emissions. Various steps taken by NRL to monitor and

control the emission of SO2 and NOx are summarized below:

 To ensure that all the pollution control facilities envisaged at the design stage have been implemented and are functioning properly.

 Clean fuels LNG (H2S content: Nil) and treated refinery fuel gas will be fired in the furnaces.

 Stack monitoring to ensure proper functioning of different pollution control facilities attached to major stacks. Existing On-line analyzers will be used for monitoring SO2 and NOX.

 A flue gas scrubber will be provided to reduce the SOx and particulate emissions from flue gases to local emissions stipulations.

 Combination of SCNR and SCR technologies along with low NOx burners will be used in CO incinerators to reduce NOx emissions.

 Air monitoring in the Work-zone to ensure proper functioning of fugitive emission control facilities.

 Vehicles and machineries would be regularly maintained so that emissions confirm to the applicable standards.

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 Monitoring of ambient air quality through online AAQ monitoring system at three locations to measure/monitor the pollution level.

 Workers will be provided with adequate protective measures to protect them from inhaling dust.

 Design of the plant system to meet the OISD requirements.

 Provisions of the Safety Systems in the design with redundancy, and reliability are considered in depth.

 Operation of the plant by qualified manpower.

 Regular monitoring and review to ensure safe operation.

 Regular monitoring by Environmental Cell to demonstrate the compliance with Statutory limits in the public domain.

 Flare is envisaged for combustion of refinery off-gases.

Mitigation Measures for Fugitive emissions

The major sources of such fugitive emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the refinery are the main processing area, tank farm area having storage tanks for crude oil and lighter products and the loading/unloading gantry area. These fugitive emissions originate from the static and dynamic joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, mixers, valve packing and connection joints to the atmosphere like sampling and relief valves etc. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs, the following measures were taken during design stage:

 Provision of Close – Blow down (CBD) system for all the process units to minimize VOC emission from the operations.

 Minimum number of flanges, valves etc;

 High grade gasket materials for packings;

 Usage of state-of-the-art low leakage valves for new units

 Usage of pumps with (single/double) mechanical seals;

 Provision of floating roof storage tanks for volatile products storage;

 Internal aluminium floating roof on tanks on lighter hydrocarbon service  Annual fugitive hydrocarbon emission monitoring survey as per Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program is in place in refinery. Mitigation measures for minimization of Fugitive emissions of VOCs include minimum number of flanges, valves, etc., high grade gasket material for packing, usage of state of art low leakage valves preferably with bellow seals, etc.

11.3.2 Water Environment

During the operational phase impact on water environment can be due to two reasons,

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firstly due to use of raw water and secondly due to disposal of treated effluent from the plant.

The additional total raw water demand for the new refinery train will be around 1820 m3/ hr. The total raw water demand includes the raw water makeup for the CWTP, DM water generation, BFW, service water, fire water etc is 2508 m3/hr (post-NREP).

Process oily effluent of 90 m3/hr will be generated from the new refinery train and the same will be received in the ETP. The final treated effluent will be disposed as per the current refinery existing practice.

11.3.3 LAND ENVIRONMENT

During construction phase, surplus earth (if any) and construction debris may be generated as well as metal scrap and packaging materials whereas during operational phase, hazardous wastes expected to be generated from the proposed new facilities like oily sludge, spent catalysts etc.

From proposed project, the spent catalyst will be sold or recycled as per existing practices. All statutory rules / guidelines of MOEF / CPCB will be complied prior to recycle, reclamation or sale of spent catalyst.

There will be additional generation of crude tank bottom sludge. All the sludge shall be handled and treated as per Hazardous Waste Management Rules.

11.4 Environmental Monitoring Program

The proposed environmental monitoring program of the proposed project is given below:

Table 11.7: Proposed Environmental Monitoring Program during construction phase

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Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring 2 Noise Night working is to be Working hour Daily records minimized. records

Generation of vehicular Maintenance of Daily records noise records of vehicles

Avoid use of public infrastructural facilities such as power, gas and water and maintain hygienic conditions 6 Waste Identification & Comprehensive Periodic check Management characterization of Waste during every waste arising from Management construction proposed activities as Plan activities per prevalent waste in place and management plan and available for which also identifies the inspection on- procedures for site. collection, Compliance with handling & disposal of Hazardous each waste arising. Wastes (Management and Handling Rules), 2008 7 Fuel and oil Use designated fuel Visual inspection Throughout leaks storage methods and and monitoring construction ensure that oil spill of period response plan is in soil and ground place water quality

8 Non-routine Plan to be drawn up, Mock drills and Periodic during events and considering likely records of the construction

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Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring accidental emergencies and steps same activities releases required to prevent/limit consequences. 9 Public and Erection of warning Routine Throughout animal safety barriers monitoring and construction checks period 10 Water and waste Take care in disposal of Discharge norms Periodic during water Waste water generated for effluents as construction such that soil and given in permits activities groundwater resources are protected.

Table 11.8: Proposed Environmental Monitoring Program during operational phase

Generation of vehicular Maintenance of Daily records noise records of vehicles

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Action to be Followed Parameters for Frequency of Sl.No. Potential impact Monitoring Monitoring labour health check ups parameters ups including audiomerty 5 Construction Away from settlements Regular Pre-construction camps and ensure disciplinary monitoring procedures.

11.5 Environmental Management Plan

The EMP in the design stage endeavors to mitigate the problems related to health, safety and environment at the process technology selection stage and at the design stage.

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A summary of proposed impacts, mitigation measures and proper environmental management plan for both construction and operational phase is given in Table 11.9 and 11.10, respectively.

Table 11.9: Summary of Impacts and Environmental Management Plan For Post Expansion Phase Of NRL Refinery During Construction Phase Element of Sl. Environmental Mitigation Activity/Aspect Impacts Environmental No. Component Measures Management Plan 1 Air Environment • Foundation Very less • Dust Regular monitoring work conventional pollution will of levels of • Digging, pollutants will be be conventional leveling work released during this suppressed pollutants as per • Structural phase due to using water PCB, Assam works construction works, sprinklers guidelines vehicle exhausts • Periodic which will not cross maintenance the specified limits of machinery, because low value heavy of background vehicles levels 2 Water Maintenance of Limited impact on • Water • Provision for Environment drainage and surrounding water requirement appropriate water supply bodies/aquatic through sanitary facility network for ecosystems/ground existing raw for construction Sanitation and water due to soil water source workers waste water erosion, leaching, • Proper generation waste water sanitation generation • Waste water treatment through existing treatment plant 3 Land Land use change • Land pollution • Management • Composting bio- Environment due to drilling, of small of solid degradable waste excavating magnitude due waste and disposal of to solid waste • Management non-bio- generation of excavated degradable waste • Overburden solid and in land fills and construction • Construction construction waste waste will be used waste will also for back filling be produced

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Table 11.10: Summary of Impacts and Environmental Management Plan for Post Expansion Phase of NRL Refinery During Operation Phase Element of S. Environmental Mitigation Environmental Activity/Aspect Impacts No. Component Measures Management Plan 1 Air • Air emissions • Insignificant • Compliance to • Control air Environment (Conventiona impact as standards emissions at l) conventional • Continuous source • Movement of pollutants monitoring • Treatment to vehicles emission will be reduce air within the emissions permissible • Regular limits. monitoring of

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Element of S. Environmental Mitigation Environmental Activity/Aspect Impacts No. Component Measures Management Plan the levels of conventional pollutants as per PCB, Assam requirements • Regular maintenance of vehicles and equipment 2 Water Operation of Limited impact on • Proper • Liquid effluents Environment new process surrounding water management discharge will units and utilities bodies/aquatic of active and be much below ecosystems/ground domestic discharge limits water waste water of CPCB norms • Proper • Treatment of design of domestic waste condenser and reuse of Cooling water for systems irrigation of • Rain water plantation/gree harvesting n belt • Regular monitoring of the levels of conventional pollutants as per PCB, Assam norms • Implementation of rain water harvesting 3 Land Disposal of solid Land pollution of • Management • Treatment and Environment waste small magnitude of plant and disposal of due to solid waste domestic solid solid waste as generation waste per • Development CPCB/PCB, of green belt Assam norms • Disposal of non- degradable waste in proper land fills

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Element of S. Environmental Mitigation Environmental Activity/Aspect Impacts No. Component Measures Management Plan • Development of green belt in the plant area 4 Noise Noise from Insignificant noise • Control of • Noise levels Environment plants, DG sets levels in public noise levels due to plant etc. domain within activities will be permissible controlled limits within • Development permissible of barriers to limits control noise • Noise • Follow generating occupational units will be health and housed in safety acoustic measures enclosures • Development of green belt will act as a barrier • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be provided to workers wherever required • Noise standards of CPCB will be adhered with

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Element of S. Environmental Mitigation Environmental Activity/Aspect Impacts No. Component Measures Management Plan 5 Socio- CSR Activities More benefits to • Employment • Implementatio economic the local people generation n of social Environment • Awareness welfare camps schemes for • Medical the local camps people • Awareness on Social benefits among local people through seminars, workshops, exhibitions • Preference will be given to local people • Ensure participation of local people in cultural events to create social harmony and goodwill

6 Biological Discharge/ Impact on • Adequate • Development Environment releases to air & terrestrial flora and protection of green belt water. fauna measures with should be indigenous ensured in tree species design for • Control of conservation eutrophication of flora and by treatment fauna and reuse of waste water • Regular monitoring of biodiversity and listing the same • The plant design will envisage the conservation

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Element of S. Environmental Mitigation Environmental Activity/Aspect Impacts No. Component Measures Management Plan of flora & fauna.

7 Health, Safety Conventional Health effects of • Occupational • Safety in plant & Environment emissions pollutants health & design as per safety OSHA norms • Safety in • Regular plant design monitoring of • Monitoring & the pollutant compliance levels in to OSHA different standards components of surrounding environment • Regular health check-up of the workers • Hazard analysis and safety measures in work place to reduce the undue risk to employees, members of public & environment as per OSHA requirements • EMP implementation and environmental monitoring program to evaluate the effectiveness of

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Element of S. Environmental Mitigation Environmental Activity/Aspect Impacts No. Component Measures Management Plan environmental management systems.

11.6 Project Benefits

Proposed Refinery capacity expansion project will enable NRL to increase its production of BS VI grade MS and HSD. There will also be corresponding increment in the naphtha exported from NRL.

Also, the BS- VI MS and HSD with low sulphur will help in significant reduction of vehicular emission of SO2 from its present level. The proposed project will be executed by installing a new parallel refinery of 6.0 MMTPA capacity.

The benefits of the proposed project can be summarized as:

• Increase in production of high grade BS VI Motor Fuel and HSD • Reduction in vehicular emissions from present levels due to use of cleaner fuel. • Development of facilities around the refinery complex thereby enhancing the livelihood of the people in the refinery vicinity.

11.7 Risk Assessment Study

MAJOR OBSERVATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

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jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~45 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment/tech. structure and adjoining pipe rack located in the northern side of the unit. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~89 from the leak point and may impact the pipe rack in the northern side of the unit. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Consider fire proofing requirement for the pipe rack structure on the northern side of the unit during the detail engg. stage. It is also suggested to ensure availability of active fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are installed in the unit based on prevailing wind direction. c. Ensure that the crude pump is located as far as possible from the unit B/L during detail engg. stage.

B. FCCU & PRU It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 2.1.1 to 2.6.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited within the unit and doesn’t reach on the ground in some of the cases. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~45 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~47 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment/tech. structure provided within the unit. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~51 from the leak point and may impact the tech structure and furnace. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure availability of active/Passive fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are installed in the unit based prevailing wind direction. c. Ensure that SRR of FCCU Block is made blast resistant and positively pressurized.

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D. DHDT It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 6.1.1 to 6.4.4 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the boundary of the unit and in some cases doesn’t reach on the ground. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~135 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~54 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure within this zone. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~155 m from the leak point and may impact the ware house, tech. structure and furnace leading to their possible damage. IDLH value of H2S is expected to reach up to ~552 m from the leak point and extending beyond the plant boundary limit. As per the attached MOM in Annexure-III, the possibility of retaining the canteen facility in the proposed CA/IG area was studied. It is observed from the various impact contour that the canteen facility is not impacted by the considered failure scenario in the proposed nearby process facility however, the over pressure contour of 2 psi is passing very close to the canteen facility and since the leak point may shift during detail engg. stage hence the possibility of damage to canteen and potential workers/personnel safety hazard cannot be totally overlooked at this stage of the study. In addition, canteen will be a potential ignition source near the process area and hence may be an additional cause of concern during the operation life cycle. In line with the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure availability of active fire protection for the process system impacted by 37.5 kW/m2 radiation intensity in the unit. b. Ensure adequate nos. of F&G detectors (open path/point type) are installed in the unit based on prevailing wind direction. c. It is suggested to ensure that the plant boundary limit is extended in the southern side to limit the H2S IDLH conc. within the plant boundary. It is further advised to ensure availability of assembly point outside the IDLH value from the unit at a suitable location (beyond~552 m) in upwind direction. d. Explore the possibility of inventory isolation on actuation of F&G detector during engg. phase of the project to minimize inventory release in case of leakage. e. It is advised to relocate MM shelter to a suitable location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone, in case the same is an occupied place.

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E. HGU It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 7.1.1 to 7.2.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the boundary of the unit. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~61 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~58 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure falling in its range. No major impact is envisaged from pool fire scenario except some minor damage and health issue if action is not taken within time. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~55 m from the leak point and may impact the HGU SRR, tech. structure and the reactor leading to their possible damage. In line with the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure HGU SRR building is positively pressurized. b. Ensure blast resistant design for HGU SRR building. c. Ensure H2 and HC gas detectors are provided at suitable location based on prevailing wind direction at the facility. d. As LFL contour is reaching up to the HGU and DHT substation from source of gas release hence it is suggested that subtstation building shall be kept positively pressurised. F. SULPHUR BLOCK (SWS/ARU/SRU) It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 8.1.1 to 8.5.1 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process units that the effect zone of flash fire, pool fire and overpressure is not realized at the grade level. IDLH conc. of H2S and NH3 are realized above the grade level and the gas disperses below IDLH value before reaching on the ground in case of leakage from respective H2S and NH3 strippers. An analysis of impact contours due to leakage from Acid Gas KO Drum, H2S Rich Sour Gas KO Drum and NH3 Rich Sour Gas KO Drum shows that IDLH conc. of H2S is reaching up to ~300 m and may extend beyond the southern boundary of the plant. The toxic cloud may reach up to a height of ~12 m before dispersing in the atmosphere below the IDLH conc. Further, IDLH conc. of NH3 is not realized in this scenario.

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G. RUF It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 9.1.1 to 9.7.4 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited near the boundary of the unit and adjoining road on the eastern side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~67 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~47 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure falling within this range. Impact zone of 37.5 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~53 m from the leak point which may result in damage of tech. structure and process equipment falling within this zone. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~75 m from the leak point and may impact the pipe rack on eastern side of the unit and tech. structure inside the unit leading to their possible damage. It is to be noted that majority of equipment in this unit handles toxic H2S gas along with other hydrocarbon with H2S conc. reaching up to 20 mol% (approx). The maximum IDLH distance for H2S as reported by the software based on the credible leak scenario is ~714 m.

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In view of the above observations from various credible leak scenarios in the unit and their possible impact, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the plant personnel and population outside the plant boundary; a. It is suggested to minimise the potential vulnerable leakage sources like flange joints, small bore pipings in the proces system containing high quantity toxic H2S component during the design. Further explore possibilities to minimize the inventory in the vessel/equipment to the maximum extent during the design. Equipment containing high % of H2S to be located such that they are at maximum distance from plant boundary. b. Assembly point for plant personnel/staffs to be identified to assemble in case of any emergency scenario. Assembly point to be located upwind of the facility and should be marked on the plot plan. c. Install adequate no. of H2S gas detector at suitable locations based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage from the equipment in order to take necessary action on time by the operator. d. Ensure continuous availability of portable H2S detector with the workers/operators while working in RUF unit. H. DCU It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 10.1.1 to 10.4.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is by and large limited near the boundary of the unit and adjoining road on the eastern, western and southern side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~80 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~47 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment and tech. structure falling within this range. Impact zone of 37.5 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~53 m from the leak point which may result in damage of tech. structure and process equipment falling in its zone. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~76 m from the leak point and may impact tech. structure inside the unit and damage to existing crusher house and silos on the eastern side of the unit. The maximum IDLH distance for H2S based on the credible leak scenario is ~348 m and is impacting the existing control room, buildings and offices. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios, and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Assembly point for plant personnel/staffs to be identified and marked on the plot plan to assemble in case of any emergency scenario. Assembly point to be located upwind of the unit. b. Review shifting of existing silo, Crusher house & MM SHED to a suitable location outide 2 psi over pressure zone in case they are occupied. c. Install HC & H2S gas detector at suitable locations based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage from the equipment and thereby allowing operator to take necessary action on time. I. FCC GASOLINE HDT It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 11.1.1 to 11.3.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios from the process unit that the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the boundary of the unit and overlapping the adjacent CDU/VDU,

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FCCU, FGHT & Utility substation and FCCU, FGHT & CDU/VDU SRR facilities along with the adjoining road on the northern, southern and western side of the facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~84 m from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is extending up to ~53 m from leak point which may result in damage of the process equipment, tech. structure and pipe rack structure (on the northern side) falling in this range. Impact zone of 37.5 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is not realized in this scenario. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~168 m from the leak point and may impact tech. structure, furnace inside the unit and damage to proposed FCCU, FGHT, HGU & CDU/VDU SRR buildings. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the unit and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are recommended to enhance the overall safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure SRR CDU/VDU, SRR FCCU, SRR HGU and SRR Gasoline HDT buildings are positively pressurized. b. Install F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage in the unit, so that suitable action can be taken by operator. c. As LFL contour is reaching upto the CDU/VDU, FCCU, FGHT & Utility substation from the source of release hence it is suggested that sub-station building shall be kept positively pressurised. J. OFFSITE TANKS/BULLETS It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 12.1.1 to 12.9.3 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios that;  For crude oil storage tank the effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the dyke area in the northern side of the facility and impacting the existing operator room (under Bio refinery project). Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~44 m from the tank leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~16 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~27 m from the leak point. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~51 m from the leak point and may impact the existing operator room and MCC leading to their possible damage. 2/3 psi overpressure may lead to damage of cooling tower- bay no 6. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the Crude tank and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact; a. MCC (if occupied) & Operator room to be of blast proof design and positively pressurized or shall be shifted to a safe location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone. b. Firewall to be considered in the dyke to avoid spread of radiation from one tank to another and the same to be depicted in plot plan/provided in a note. c. Install F&G detectors at suitable locations based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage in the crude tank dyke area/pipe manifold area. d. Ensure provision of active/Passive fire protection in the design for the crude tanks.  For the LPG bullets, installed along with the propylene bullets, effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the bullet area in the eastern and southern side of the

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facility. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~49 m from the bullet outlet manifold line. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~56 m from leak point. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~52 m from the leak point. 2/3/5 psi overpressure may reach up to New Operator cabin (on eastern side) and can lead to its possible damage.  For Propylene bullets effect zone of flash fire is extending beyond the storage area in the eastern and southern side of the bullets. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~42 m from the bullet outlet line. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~58 m from leak point. Radiation intensity of 37.5 kW/m2 is reaching up to ~44 m and may impact the pipe rack structure on the western side of the facility. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~50 m from the leak point. 2/3/5 psi overpressure effects may reach up to New Operator cabin (on eastern side) and can lead to its possible damage. In view of the above observations from various credible failure scenarios in the LPG and Propylene Bullet area and their possible impact on the surrounding facilities, the following points are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact; a. Ensure that the new operator room (as mentioned on the Overall Plot plan) at the eastern side of Propylene/LPG bullet is blast resistant or relocate the same to a safe location outside the 2 psi over pressure zone. b. Install suitable no. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction for early detection of any leakage in the Propylene/LPG bullet area/pipe manifold area. c. Ensure fire proofing requirement for pipe rack structure on the western side of the Propylene/LPG mounded bullet.  For MS tank, effect zone of flash fire is limited within the dyke area. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenarios is ~17 m from the tank. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~11 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~27 m from the leak point and can impact the proposed pipe rack at the northern side of the storage tank. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~13 m from the leak point and can possibly lead to pipe rack structure damage. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact; a. Ensure fire proofing requirement for pipe rack structure at the northern side of the storage tank. Ensure adequate distance is maintained between the dyke and the pipe rack as per industry norms. b. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction at the facility for early detection of any leakage in the MS Tank /pipe manifold area. K. OFFSITE PUMPS It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 13.1.1 to 13.9.4 in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios that;  For DHDT Feed pump, the effect zone of flash fire is limited near the pump house. Maximum flash fire distance under the considered leak scenario is ~11 m from the pump. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~23 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity

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due to pool fire is reaching up to ~39 m from the leak point and may result in damage of the FCC Feed tank. 5 psi overpressure is expected to reach ~12 m from the leak point. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to improve the safety of the unit/plant; a. Ensure active fire protection is provided in the design for the FCC Feed tanks. b. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction at the facility for early detection of any leakage in the DHDT Feed Pump area.  For NHT Feed pump, the effect zone of flash fire is extending up to ~152 from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~38 m from leak point. Impact zone due to pool fire is not realized in this scenario. Blast overpressure of 5 psi is extending up to ~179 m from the leak point and may result in damage to proposed SRR OFFSITE building. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to improve the safety of the unit/plant; a. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind directiony for early detection of any leakage in the NHT Feed Pump area. b. Ensure SRR Offsite building is blast resistant design and positively pressurized or it is shifted to safe location outside the 2 psi overpressure zone (~203 m).  For Reformate pump, the effect zone of flash fire is extending up to ~13 from the leak point. Further, it is observed that the jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~26 m from leak point. Impact zone of 8 kW/m2 fire radiation intensity due to pool fire is reaching up to ~37 m from the leak point and may result in damage of the pipe rack provided at the southern end of the facility. Blast overpressure of 5 psi is extending up to ~12 m from the leak point and may result in damage to existing oil storage facility. In view of the above observations, the following are suggested to improve the safety of the unit/plant; a. Install adequate nos. of F&G detectors based on prevailing wind direction at the facility for early detection of any leakage in the Reformate Pump area. b. Ensure fire proofing requirement in the design for pipe rack structure at the southern side of the reformate pump. c. Relocate the lube oil storage facility near HSD tanks outside the 2 psi over pressure zone, in case the oil storage doesn’t have any dyke and there is possibility of fire escalation spreading to nearby process area. L. LPG GANTRY It is observed from the impact contours on GIS map (Figures 14.1.1(a) to 14.2.3(b) in annexure-I) and the tabulated consequence distance as provided in the annexure-II due to various leak scenarios that in case of hose rupture the flash fire zone is extending up to a distance of ~142 m and Jet fire radiation intensity of 8 kW/m2 is extending up to ~63 m from leak point. Additionally, Blast overpressure of 2, 3 and 5 psi is extending up to ~197 m, 182 m and 171 m respectively from the leak point endangering various existing and new buildings on the southern and northern side of the proposed gantry location.

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In view of the above observations the following are suggested to mitigate/minimize the hazardous impact on the surrounding area; a. Relocate scale room, control room, Main. Building, store, Admin canteen building to a suitable location outside the 2 psi over pressure zone. If shifting of control room is not possible then blast resistant design for control room to be ensured. b. Ensure existing DG Room and substation & new substation Offsite are positively pressurized or shift the same to a non hazardous location outside the flash fire zone. c. Ensure blast resistant design for SRR Offsite building. M. GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT a. Updated safe evacuation plan should be made available for the units based on revised layout as part of Disaster Management Plan and should also be implemented.

Emergency exit for the new process plant area to be identified and marked on revised plot plan.

b. Access road around the new hydrocarbon facilities should be classified and restricted for vehicle movement except for handling emergency situation/crucial maintenance activities.

c. Proper checking of personnel at entry gates for inflammable materials to be ensured to avoid presence of any unidentified source of ignition entering into the plant area.

d. It is advised to carry portable H2S gas detector while working in the area near the facilities handling high conc. of H2S in the process fluid. e. Instrument tapping, small bore tapping and process equipment should be inspected regularly during operation for integrity check. Periodic health check of equipment, instruments and maintenance of all equipment & piping are required to be ensured. Periodic calibration of instruments and testing of alarms, trips, interlocks should be given due attention under the existing operation & maintenance philosophy of the units.

f. As the work will progress in an existing facility, hence it is advised that proper barricading of the construction area to be done prior to installation of the new facilities. It is advised to develop the Barricading Philosophy for this Project and the same to be followed by owner/contractor during various stages of the project execution.

h. It is advised to carry out HAZID (Hazard Identification) study of the project facilities and ensure recommendations are implemented suitably.

i. SIMOPS study to be carried out for construction/commissioning stage to identify potential hidden hazards associated with the installation of the new facilities and suggest mitigating measures.

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j. It is suggested to carry out QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment) Study of the complete facilities (including new one) of the refinery during engg. stage of the Project.

k. Mock drills to be organized at organization level to ensure preparedness of the operators/personnel’s working in premises for handling any hazardous situation and safe evacuation to identified area.

l. It is suggested to ensure that any new gate provided for vehicle entry is round the clock guarded during construction and post-commissioning stages. Any entry/exit to/from the plant area under the proposed project should be properly checked and recorded in the Vehicle/Personnel Movement entry log register.

In case, these new gates are to be discarded post-commissioning activities of facilities under project then dismantled boundary wall shall again be erected as per existing oil industry norms.

m. It shall be ensured and checked that all vehicles entering the plant area are provided with spark arrestors at the exhaust.

n. It is suggested that periodic (by operators) and in service inspection (by certified inspector) of the hydrocarbon tanks/bullets is carried out on regular basis.

o. It is suggested to provide suitable fire protection system as applicable and fire fighting facilities for the new project facilities as per standards.

p. It is recommended that all workers, working near the leakage area shall wear special breathing equipment while attending the leak. Workers/Personnel not wearing the special breathing equipment should immediately leave the area and move to safe location. This should be covered under SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) of the facilities.

q. It is suggested to install permanent CCTV facilities for better monitoring the new units/furnace areas from control room.

11.8 Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER)

ITEMS 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

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CHAPTER-12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

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12.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Name of Organization: Engineers India Limited

Address: Head - Environment, Water & Safety Division Tower-I, Ground floor, R&D centre, Engineers India Limited, Gurgaon (On NH-8), Haryana-122001

Telephone Nos. : 0124-3802034 Email: [email protected]

12.2 ESTABLISHMENT

Engineers India Limited (EIL) was established in 1965 to provide engineering and related services for Petroleum Refineries and other industrial projects. Over the years, it has diversified into and excelled in various fields. EIL has emerged as Asia's leading design, engineering and turnkey contracting company in Petroleum Refining, Petrochemicals, Pipelines, Onshore Oil & Gas, Mining & Metallurgy, Offshore Oil & Gas, Terminals & Storages and Infrastructure. EIL provides a wide range of design, engineering, procurement, construction supervision, commissioning assistance and project management as well as EPC services. It also provides specialist services such as heat & mass transfer equipment design, environment engineering, information technology, specialist materials and maintenance, plant operations & safety including HAZOPS & Risk Analysis, refinery optimization studies and yield & energy optimization studies.

Engineers India has earned recognition for jobs executed in India and several countries of West Asia, North Africa, Europe and South East Asia including Algeria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, UAE and Vietnam. EIL is diversifying into the areas of Water & Waste Management, Nuclear Power, Thermal and Solar Power and City Gas Distribution.

EIL has its head office in New Delhi, regional engineering offices in Gurgaon, Chennai, Kolkata and Vadodara and a branch office in Mumbai. It has inspection offices at all major equipment manufacturing locations in India and a wholly owned subsidiary

Certification Engineers International Ltd. (CEIL) for undertaking independent certification & third party inspection assignments. Outside India, EIL has offices in Abu Dhabi (UAE), London, Milan and Shanghai and a wholly owned subsidiary, EIL Asia Pacific Sdn. Bhd. (EILAP) in Malaysia. EIL has also formed a joint venture Jabal EILIOT with IOTL & Jabal Dhahran for tapping business opportunities in Saudi Arabia.

Backed by its unmatched experience, EIL enjoys a high professional standing in the market and is known as a versatile and competent engineering company that can be relied upon for meeting the clients' requirements. Quality Management System with respect to EIL's services conforms to ISO 9001:2008 The Design Offices are equipped with state-of-the-art computing systems, design tools and infrastructure.

12.3 EIL’S VISION

To be a world-class globally competitive EPC and total solutions Consultancy Organization.

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12.4 EIL’S MISSION

• Achieve ‘Customer delight’ through innovative, cost effective and value added consulting and EPC services. • To maximize creation of wealth, value and satisfaction for stakeholders with high standards of business ethics and aligned with national policies.

12.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL

• Benchmark to learn from superior role models. • Nurture the essence of Customer Relationship and bonding. • Foster Innovation with emphasis on value addition. • Integrity and Trust as fundamental to functioning. • Thrive upon constant Knowledge updation as a Learning organization. • Passion in pursuit of excellence. • Quality as a way of life. • Collaboration in synergy through cross-functional Team efforts. • Sense of ownership in what we do.

12.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL

• Enhance customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of our technologies, work processes, and systems and total compliance with established quality management system. • Consistently improve the quality of products /services with active participation of committed and motivated employees and feedback from stakeholders. • Provide added value to customers through timely and cost effective services/deliverables. • Ensure total compliance with applicable health, safety and environment requirements during design and delivery of products to enrich quality of life.

12.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL

. Ensure compliance with requirements of health, safety and environment, during design and delivery of products/ services as per applicable National and International codes, standards, procedures, engineering practices, and statutory requirements including customer's requirements. . Ensure safety and health of employees, personnel of clients and associates. . Create awareness on health, safety and environment aspects for all employees and associates.

12.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL

• Ensure compliance with applicable environmental requirements/ regulations during design and delivery of products / service and our operations. • Consider environmental impact in decision making processes. • Promote/develop green technologies for sustainable development. • Promote environmental awareness among all employees. • Adopt the adage-reduce, reuse and recycle in all our operations.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFNERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 258 of 259

12.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL

• EIL is committed to effective management of risks across the organization by aligning its risk management strategy to its business objectives through • Instituting a risk management structure for timely identification, assessment, mitigating, monitoring and reporting of risks. • Risk management at EIL is the responsibility of every employee both individually as well as collectively.

The present EIA report has been prepared by EIL, an engineering and consultancy organization in the country. EIL has been preparing regularly EIA / EMP reports for different projects. The environmental Engineering Division of EIL has carried out more than 300 numbers of Environmental Impact Assessment projects.

National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) - under the Accreditation Scheme for EIA Consultant Organizations has accredited EIL as EIA consultant for 11 EIA Sectors, vide NABET notification dated 22.03.17 and certification No.- NABET/EIA/1619/RA0041. The list of sectors for which the accreditation has been accorded by NABET is given in Figure- 12.1. The same can be referred from the NABET website “www.qcin.org/nabet/about.php”, by following the link - EIA Accreditation Scheme – Accreditation Register – Accredited Consultant.

EIA STUDY FOR REFINERY EXPANSION Document No. FROM 3.0 TO 9.0 MMTPA OF B238-EI-1742-1901 M/S NUMALIGARH REFNERY LIMITED, Rev. No. 0 NUMALIGARH, ASSAM Page 259 of 259

Figure. 12.1: EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET

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