Bitung As a Future Hub Port in the Eastern Part of Indonesia

VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004 Bitung as a Future Hub Port in The Eastern Part of Indonesia

Prasetyadi(a), Rheo Hary Widianto(b)

(a)Assistant Senior Manager, Indonesia Port Coorporation IV (b)Staff of Port Planning, Indonesia Port Coorporation IV

Abstract The issue of the development in eastern part of Indonesia is complicated. For the last 10 years, the eastern part of Indonesia has become a central point in the context of national development, considering its limitations in several economy and social sectors. In spite of its abundant natural resources, in some aspects of development the eastern part of Indonesia is left behind the western part, indicated as follows : a. Respectively only 15% and 9% of the local and foreign investment is absorbed in this area, while the rest is given to the western area.; b.The quality of human resource in eastern part of Indonesia is below the national average. One of the dominant constraints faced by the eastern part of Indonesia in economic development is that export commodities from this area should go first to Tanjung Priok in Jakarta and Tanjung Perak in Surabaya, while in fact it is nearer for the cargo to reach their destination countries, especially in Asia Pacific region, from the eastern part of Indonesia. It resulted in the high transportation cost and it is difficult for products from the eastern Indonesia to compete in the global market, as well.

1.Preface

1.1.General

INDONESIA PORT CORPORATION IV

Nunukan Tarakan Bitung Biak Samarind GorontaloTernateSorong Baalikpapan Pantoloa Manokwar Jayapura n Kendari i Parepare Ambon Fak- Fak Makassar Merauke Indonesia Port Corporation I Indonesia Port Corporation II Indonesia Port Corporation III Indonesia Port Corporation IV

Figure 1. Areas of Indonesia Port Corporation (IPC)

839 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

1.2.Container Movement In Indonesia

Figure 2.Existing Condition of Container Sea Transportation Network

Table 1. Container Traffic at Major Port In Indonesia

NAME OF YEAR (TEUs) No REMARKS PORTS 2000 2001 2002 2003* A. IPC I : 1 Belawan 312.781 372.883 408.666 437.847 2 Pekanbaru 86.721 98.354 117.946 170.366 3 Dumai 464 170 217 313 Total IPC I : 399.966 471.407 526.829 608.527 B. IPC II : 1 Tanjung Priok 2.494.596 2.524.396 2.607.144 2.968.230 2 Panjang 7.690 76.469 76.134 103.782 3 Pontianak 83.093 100.813 112.240 121.206 Total IPC II : 2.585.379 2.701.678 2.795.518 3.193.218 C. IPC III : 1 TPKS Semarang 0 135.467 315.071 320.000 2 Tanjung Perak 305.514 399.928 341.480 586.432 3 Banjarmasin 0 138.840 149.302 159.500 4 Benoa 0 19.972 22.413 24.500 5 Sampit 0 11.188 18.276 20.453 6 Tenau Kupang 0 7.840 8.865 10.750 7 TPS Surabaya 0 876.136 936.166 1.500.000 8 BJTI Surabaya 0 0 511.953 682.600 Total IPC III : 305.514 1.589.371 2.303.526 3.304.235 D. IPC IV : 7 Makassar 164.684 177.416 208.384 221.479 8 Bitung 66.737 80.386 84.680 87.894 9 Balikpapan 22.401 34.210 52.632 55.540 10 Samarinda 68.685 71.618 88.043 132.887 Total IPC IV : 322.507 363.630 433.739 497.800 Total IPC I ~ IV 3.613.366 5.126.086 6.059.612 7.603.780 *estimated

840 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Table 2. Container handling movement by composition in Indonesia

CONTAINER TRAFFIC 2003 IPC I IPC II IPC III 42% IPC IV

43%

8% 7%

2.The Existing Condition of Bitung Port

2.1.Existing Port Facilities

Container Terminal Conventional Terminal Wharf 130 M Wharf Stacking Yard 44.000 M2 - Ocean Going 605 M Traditional Wharf 60 M - Domestic 602 M CFS 42 X 30 M2 - Chemical Industry 146 M Head Truck and 1 UNIT - Traditional 60 M Chasis Container Wharf - Conblock Yard 27.311 M2 Top Lifter 1 UNIT 2 Forklift 5 Ton 4 UNIT - Hotmix Yard 2.735 M Transhit shed 13.392 M2 Tug Boat 1.500 HP 1 UNIT 2 Mooring Boat 160 1 UNIT Passenger Terminal 3.195 M HP Mobile Crane 25 Ton 1 Unit Pilot Boat 1 UNIT Reach Stacker 42 1 Unit Ton Reach Stacker, 48 Ton 1 Unit Forklift 5, 3, & 2 Ton @1 Unit Crane Mobile, 150 Ton 2 Unit Fire Fighting 25 Ton 1 Unit & 25 Ton Tronton 18 Ton 2 Unit Forklift 28 Ton 3 Unit Electricity 99 KVA Forklift 7, 3.5 & 2 @1 Unit Water Supply 200 Ton/Hour Ton (owned) Forklift 5 Ton 4 Unit Water Supply (PAM) 100 Ton/Hour Forklift 3 Ton 3 Unit Tug Boat (1.160 HP) 2 Unit Pilot Boat 2 Unit

Barge 1 Unit

841 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

1. PASSENGER TERMINAL PORT OF BITUNG 2. CONVENTIONAL YARD 3. SHEDS 4. OFFICE IPC IV EXISTING 2003 5. NAVIGATION OFFICE 6. C F S 7. PARKING AREA 8. OFFICE AREA 9. GATE 10. OFFICE AREA 11. MULTI PURPOSE AREA 12. ASDP AREA 13. TREATMENT PLANT AREA 300 dm 14. CONTAINER YARD YARD 150 dm 242 PARKING AREA 5 1 150 dm 17 90 SHEEDS 100 dm OFFICE AREA 80 dm PASSENGER TERMINAL 3 1 EXISTING WHARF

5 3 2 LAND WORKING BOUNDARY 14 5 3 2 3 10 250 0 22 15 PICTURE OF 100 dm 0 2 3 3 4 RS TIE 4 1 14 PORT OF BITUNG 4 8 X 4 2 EXISTING 2 003 1 X 0 2 4 1 G 3 2 X 0 S

1 G 0 5 S 3 G S 5 20 3 DRAFTER 4

X 4 5 1 1 X 0 4 1 G RHEO HARY WIDIANTO X 0 S 0 1 3 G 6 0 S 3 G S

4 DEBBY DUAKAJU

X 11 4 3 9 14 X 4 G 9 S SUPERVISOR BY X 80 dm G

9 S

13 G S ASM. PLAN OF PORT FACILITY 12 70 dm 10 6 9 7 KUSMAHADI SJ 10 CHECKED BY/AGREED BY 8 SM. PORT DEVELOPTMENT 60 dm

WINARSO TRISALYONO 50 dm ACKNOWLEDGED/AGREED TECHNICAL DIRECTOR 30 dm

SUDARMADJI LOCATION

SCALE

Table 3. Container handling movement by composition in Indonesia

2.2.Container Traffics Container Cargoes at Bitung Port

TEU's 90.000 80.000 70.000 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 0 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Figure3 Container Cargo Throughput at Bitung Port (TEU’s) (1993-2002)

842 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Ton 1.200.000

1.000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002

Figure 4 Container Cargo Throughput at Bitung Port (Ton) (1993-2002)

Table 4 Container Cargo Traffic at the ports of Bitung, Balikpapan, Samarinda, Tarakan, Pantoloan, Gorontalo, Kendari, Ternate, Ambon

Unit 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Bitung TEUs 3.811 8.576 14.239 19.869 43.760 41.929 48.674 66.737 80.386 83.861 Pantoloan TEUs 44 435 660 1.423 5.977 6.908 8.740 15.083 20.791 28.348 Gorontalo TEUs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kendari TEUs 211 295 804 1.467 2.502 74 40 0 6.216 8.216 Ternate TEUs 422 550 1.608 2.734 4.914 4.244 5.068 2.112 2.504 3.691 Ambon TEUs 971 1.207 2.124 7.257 15.092 13.630 6.634 12.607 18.452 21.139 Tarakan TEUs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.014 17.454 Balikpapan TEUs 3.111 4.133 4.245 7.641 28.583 13.435 20.684 22.401 34.210 52.632 Samarinda TEUs 1.513 1.296 1.450 28.499 52.413 50.548 54.569 68.685 71.618 88.043 TOTAL TEUs 57.079 90.219 114.469 140.569 245.732 130.768 145.323 189.788 256.088 313.543

3.Bitung Port Developtment Plan

Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, Hongkong, Vietnam & China

Others

Figure 5 Interaction between Bitung Port and other ports in Container Sea Transportation Network Nearby International Linkage Area

843 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

3.1.Forecasting of Container Cargoes

Table 5 Container Forecast at Bitung, Balikpapan, Samarinda, Ambon, Pantoloan, Ternate, Kendari, Tarakan, Gorontalo

YEAR (TEU's) 2003 2007 2015 2020 2025 BITUNG 87.894 128.686 553.325 891.135 1.137.339 AMBON 25.764 53.424 123.118 198.283 319.337 PANTOLOAN 31.007 43.769 87.212 140.456 179.262 TERNATE 4.462 6.533 14.004 22.553 33.020 KENDARI 10.498 15.370 22.709 28.983 36.990 TARAKAN 16.909 18.303 39.234 63.186 101.762 GORONTALO 12.428 16.565 24.474 31.236 39.865 BALIKPAPAN 55.540 81.918 107.378 140.750 182.041 SAMARINDA 132.887 160.369 228.508 295.814 386.059 TOTAL 377.389 524.936 1.199.961 1.812.396 2.415.675

Container Forecast

2.500 TEU's (Thousands) SAMARINDA

BALIKPAPAN 2.000 GORONTALO

TARAKAN 1.500

TERNATE

1.000 PANTOLOAN

AMBON 500 BITUNG

- 2002 2003 2007 2015 2020 2025

1. PASSENGER TERMINAL 2. CONVENTIONAL YARD 3. FOYER PORT OF BITUNG 4. PARKING AREA PASSENGER 5. OFFICE AREA 6. PARKING AREA TRUCK 7. CONTAINER YARD mast er pl an (Up t o 2025) 8. GATE 9. OFFICE AREA 10. MULTI PURPOSE AREA 11. AREA ASDP 12. WASTE TREATMENT PLAN 13. SHEED 14. MULTIPURPOSE YARD 15. C F S 16. ENTITY INDUSTRY ZONA

300 dm ZONA INDUSTRI ENTITY

ZONA LIQUID

015 YARD 2007-2 150 dm M PARKING AREA 00 00 M ) 150 dm 4 A = 2 EMAS LO PETI K 242 M RGO / EN CA APAL G 025 (K M LOA = 144 M 19 SHEEDS 5-2 75 (KAPAL PENUMPANG) 0 M 1 M 1 0 = 200 MAS) 2 ) 2 LOA I KE 5 M MAS L PET 12 KE OA 100 dm RGO / OA = PETI (K = 14 CA ( L / APA 4 M GEN K 0 GO L P AL A AR EN (KAP EN C UMP OFFICE AREA P L G ANG A APA ) L 0 (K M 0 G 0 M S E 4 00 S) L = 2 EMA G N LOA I K 6 O 7 PET 1 / C RGO 2 A CA x A 2 EN 3 = L G R APA - 80 dm (K G 2 0 PASSENGER TERMINAL O 7 0 2

/ M

P 5 M E 0 5 ) ) 12 AS T A = EM S LO TI K I PE A O / K ARG 7 M M 1 E N C 1 E 13 GE M EXISTING WHARF AL K AP (K A I

S T

5 E )

P S M

G M

2 5 2 2 O 3 1 x ADDITIONAL WHARF G 3 =

A A

5 2

L MID TERM

A (2007 - 2015)

(

( 2 K

P 4 LAND WORKING BOUNDARY A

G OF BITUNG PORT E 2 N L

O C A 0 A ( K 10 M R =

A G 1 70 dm LOA = 125 M 0 P O 2 A 5 (KAPAL GEN CARGO / PETI KEMAS) L /

M G P E 100 dm E 1 M N L T O

I C A

K 1 M A = E R

M 5 M 0 G 2 12 AS) 7 0 A A = EM 5 O LO TI K 0 PICTURE OF S E P 1 / ) O / ARG M EN C AL G P (KAP M E T 14

I 0 M 25 M ) A = 1 EMAS K 250 M LO ETI K E 22 M / P M ARGO GEN C A APAL S PORT OF BITUNG (K ) 14 125 M AS) 2 LOA = TI KEM O / PE 14 14 14 master pl an (Up to 2025) CARG 2 L GEN (KAPA 5 05 M 60 dm 2 M 125 M MAS) LOA = ETI KE RECEIVING 5 / P STATION ARGO GEN C (KAPAL DRAFTER Ø 15 Ø 15

Ø 1 5 Ø 15 Ø 1 5 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 9 Ø 5 9 Ø

1 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15

Ø 9 Ø 9 Ø

M 9 Ø RHEO HARY WIDIANTO IVING RECE 0 USE AREHO

6 W Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15

Ø 9 Ø Ø 9 Ø POWER Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 BOIRER CT WARE REFINERY HOUSE 5 DEBBY DUAKAJU UNGKIL HOUSE 5 5 G B GUDAN LANT & SING P Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15 10 PROCES SUPERVISOR BY 80 dm Ø 15 Ø 15 Ø 15

KANTOR BA NGUNA N 12 SERBA GUNA PT JAYA TRADE ASM. PLAN OF PORT FACILITY

11 PT SEMEN TONASA

15 La 2 RM Sri Rum ah Dinas 9 p a Bea & Cukai n

70 dm g

a ADPEL 0 n Ru mah Din as Jabatan MESJI D KANTOR BENGKEL 8 T (1.122 M2) General Manager e n

n PT. PELINDO IV Cab Bitung i 0 s Rumah Dinas Rum ah Dinas KUSMAHADI SJ 6 Manager Teknik Bea & Cukai 3 Ru mah Rumah Rumah Dinas Dinas Dinas Manager PBAU Manager PELKAP CHECKED BY/AGREED BY 9 PBAU 9 SM. PORT DEVELOPTMENT 60 dm Backup Area WINARSO TRISALYONO 50 dm Stage 1 ACKNOWLEDGED/AGREED TECHNICAL DIRECTOR 16 30 dm

SUDARMADJI Backup Area LOCATION Stage 2

SCALE

844 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Table 6 Required Berth

Year 2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 Container Volume TEU 154.000 202.000 264.000 342.000 439.000 No. of required berth 2 2 2 2 3 Mobile crane 2 2 2 2 2 No. of crane Gantry Crane 2 2 2 2 4 Berth Capacity TEU 362.000 362.000 362.000 362.000 588.000

Developtment of Bitung Port in short term operated up to 2015:

Infrastructures : Port Handling equipments : 1) Container wharf : 130 m’; 1) Container Crane : 1 unit handling capacity : 300,000 teus/year 2) Transtainer : 2 unit 2) Container Yard : 31.000 m2 3) Head Truck : 4 unit CY capacity (4 4) Chassis : 8 units staking) : 200.000 teus/year 5) Forklift 7 ton : 1 units 3) Truck parking area : 2.450 m2 6) Reefer Plug : 16 plugs 4) Office : Criteria of Vessel will be handle of New Container - CFS Terminal in Bitung Port : - WRF (waste processing building) - GT = 20.000 - LOA = 201 m - Draft = 16 m - Capacity of Container ship = 1.500 TEUs

4.The Opportunity of Bitung Port to be a Hub Port

Figures 6 Indonesian Navigation Channel

845 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

Table 7 Gross Regional Domestic Products (GRDP) of North Sulawesi Province at Constant Prices by Origin

Industrial Year (Million Rp.(1993 Prices)) No Origin 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1 Agriculture 775,1 829,8 902,0 974,3 1006,1 1004,9 1046,2 1101,8 882,6 a) food Crop 303,0 320,4 337,8 356,7 347,4 325,6 342,9 346,7 272,6 b) Plantation 263,7 277,1 302,6 324,2 343,7 366,3 358,6 381,6 391,2 c) Livestock & Products 58,7 60,5 72,6 80,9 84,3 75,0 75,0 84,5 65,4 d) Foresty 65,6 74,4 81,4 90,7 103,5 105,4 102,8 99,3 12,3 e) Fishery 84,0 97,5 107,6 121,7 127,2 132,7 166,9 189,7 141,1 Mining & 2 Quarrying 96,9 111,9 119,5 179,5 192,1 229,4 279,1 315,3 252,2 Manufacturing & Processing 3 Industries (non gas/oil) 238,3 260,5 286,9 315,8 336,3 353,8 371,2 395,2 301,7 Elect, gas & 4 Watersupply 16,9 18,8 22,0 25,2 28,0 29,2 31,2 32,6 27,1 Trade, Restaurant & 5 Hotel 302,9 337,4 378,2 441,7 435,3 461,6 488,4 521,5 415,2 Transport & 6 Communication 391,3 414,4 456,2 493,2 526,9 540,0 561,9 587,5 539,5 Banking & 7 financial services 151,4 164,5 176,5 190,7 200,5 87,5 121,2 141,2 99,3 a) Banking 57,1 64,4 68,9 75,6 78,2 -27,3 0,2 15,0 3,3 b) Non Banking 9,9 10,4 11,1 11,8 12,6 11,5 12,2 12,8 9,2 c) Rental & Company Services 84,4 89,7 96,6 103,3 109,7 103,2 108,8 113,4 86,8 Properties 7 8 Construstion 302,2 331,9 364,7 400,7 432,1 363,2 367,4 379,8 341,1 Public Admin 9 & Defense 531,8 548,9 565,8 583,6 497,7 497,1 505,3 515,5 403,1 Services 10 (Private/Social & Recreation) 94,8 97,7 101,4 105,0 112,1 111,2 117,7 126,8 95,7 TOTAL 2.901,8 3.115,9 3.373,4 3.709,7 3.767,0 3.677,9 3.889,7 4.117,1 3.357,5

846 VIIIèmes Journées Nationales Génie Civil – Génie Côtier, Compiègne, 7-9 septembre 2004

Figure 7 Interaction - Connection of Bitung Port

4.1.Manufacturing The manufacturing of hinterland bitung came from port of Ambon, Ternate Î Agriculture, industry & mining product East Kalimantan (Samarinda, Balikpapan, Tarakan, Nunukan) also has significant contributions for cargo to port of Bitung such as world products, coal, oil & containerization plywood. Strenght of Bitung Port 1. Located directly alongside the Pacific Ocean; 2. Natural port; 3. Suitable infrastructure and superstructure available; 4. Located in Indonesian Navigation Channel

4.2.The Fundamentals Factor to be a Hub Port Based on the above explanation, question occurs is “Is Bitung Port possible to become a hub ports in Indonesia? There are fundamental factors required to be considered : a.Geographical position and location Positioned at 01°26’00’’ N and 125°11’00’’ E, in the island of Sulawesi, closed with the Philippines, and having the nearest distance to Europe and Asia Pacific. As one of ports in Indonesia located at Navigation Channels 2 (ALKI 2), Bitung Port is very strategic as Makassar Strait is in the center of Indonesia archipelago, connecting the western with the eastern region of Indonesia. Taking the strategic position into consideration, in the future Bitung Port will be prepared to become an hub port handling local cargo transportation, and a transshipment port, supported also by the potential of hinterland and surrounding ports. b.Hydro oceanography of Bitung Port Navigation Channel : The length of the channels is 9 mile, width 600 meters and the depth 12 to 15 m LWS. And the condition of sea bed is Sand/Clay. Basin :

847 Session 6: Aménagement et protection des côtes

Bitung port has a basin with the total area 4,5 hectares, and the draught - 7,00 to – 15,00 m LWS. The draught can be handle the container vessel, with capacity more than 3,000 teu (40,000 DWT). c.Cargo potential surrounding Port of Bitung The cargo flow within the period of 1993 to 2002 through other ports around Bitung such as Gorontalo, Pantoloan, Ambon, Ternate, Kendari, Tarakan and in Bitung itself indicated an average increase of 5% per year, meaning that interisland trading activities in the eastern part of Indonesia was quite promising. d.Hinterland & hinter island potentials and growth of areas The potentials hinterland & hinter island of Bitung Port support the development of the port, indicated by the crop products according to GRDP data of agriculture, fishery, forestry, mining, processing, water supply products, hotel and tourism as well as transportation and communication infrastructure, in which it indicated a significant growth between 4 – 6% per year. It can be concluded that the economic activities in North Sulawesi, particularly in the city of Bitung, can be expected to support the development of Bitung Port to become an international hub port. e.Supports from other ports in Indonesia and other countries Developing Bitung Port also relies on the contributions given by the surrounding ports. So it is expected that the whole cargo, exported or imported to/from countries in the regions of Asia Pacific, Europe, and Southeast Asia can be collected at Bitung Port to be distributed according to the destinations.

5.Conclusion The first stage Construction of Container Terminal of Bitung Port will be finished at the end of 2003. That new facilities will encourage the container movement particularly in the eastern part of Indonesia, and even accelerate the optimum use of Indonesian Navigation Channel (ALKI) II. It is required to involve capable investors to make a new network in container movement pattern in the eastern part of Indonesia. Advantages gained from making Bitung Port a hub port, idest. As a trigger the development of eastern areas of Indonesia so they can accelerate the regional development like in the western part of Indonesia for the future.

6.Références 1 Biro Rinbang, (2003). Traffic Container and General Cargo In Indonesia Port Corporation IV in 2003. IPC IV. 2 Technical Direktorat, (2003). Master Plan of Indonesia Port Corporation IV. IPC IV. 3 Bitung Local Government, (2003). Bitung in Statistics. Statistics Center..

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