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Family Reunification A NEW BEGINNING Refugee Integration in Sweden It’s about time! September 2013 A NEW BEGINNING Refugee Integration in Sweden It’s about time! EU funded study on factors influencing refugee integration © United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Regional Representation for Northern Europe, September 2013 European Refugee This document is for general distribution. All rights reserved. Fund of the European Reproductions and translations are authorized, except for Commission commercial purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Photo : © Arash Atri/BILDARKIVET.se Layout & design: BakOS DESIGN Acknowledgements This project has been financially supported by the European Refugee Fund of the European Commission. This research was coordinated by UNHCR’s Bureau for Europe (Policy and Legal Support Unit, Emilie Wiinblad, Senior Policy Officer) and Project Coordinator (consultant) Gail Hopkins. Research and report writing in Sweden was conducted by Maria Ahlsten with assistance from staff at the UNHCR’s Regional Representation for Northern Europe in Stockholm, Karin Davin and Karolina Lindholm Billing. Particular thanks go to the National Reference Group which consisted of Henry Mårtenson, Ministry of Employment, Lotta Dalerus, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, Åsa Nilsson, County Administrative Board, Marie Lindbäck, Swedish Public Employment Office, Annie Mohl, Swedish Red Cross and Alireza Behtoui, Stockholm University, for their advice and direction to the project and to all the stakeholders who took time to meet us and share their valuable experience and insight to the challenges and opportunities for refugee integration. Special thanks is also owed to Nazli Sahin, Swedish Public Employment Service in Spånga, Mahmoud Shafieian and Saeid Sharif at the Cooperation Group for Iranian Associations in Sweden (IFR), Christina Holmström, Paula Petersen and Monica Tanner Krantz at Swedish for Immigrants (SFI) Västerort, members at the Somali Information and Business Centre in Malmö, RFSL Stockholm’s Newcomer group, and Dino Hadzizulfic in the Municipality of Bollnäs, who all facilitated contacts with refugees for interview purposes. A special thanks also to Pieter Bevelander, Merja Skaffari Multala and Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM), Malmö University, for providing us with meeting rooms and facilitating the group discussions on Employment. Thanks are also extended to Sahra Mao who helped us with translations during interviews with refugees, and UNHCR Legal Interns Armania Embaye, for stakeholder meeting minutes, and Daniel Hansson, for note-taking and helping to arrange refugee interviews. UNHCR also expresses its sincere gratitude to the 55 refugees who were interviewed in this project and spoke about their personal stories and integration experiences. To every single one of them goes our heartfelt thanks. Translations: all English translations of national legislation, decisions and reports are unofficial translations by the researchers unless otherwise indicated. 4 Refugee Integration in Sweden - It’s about time! Abbreviations AGD Age, Gender and Diversity CAB County Administrative Board EEA European Economic Area EFTA European Free Trade Association EU European Union IFR Cooperation Group for Iranian Associations in Sweden LGBT-I Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender MIM Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare NGO Non-governmental organization NRG National Reference Group PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder SALAR Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions SAPM Swedish Agency for Public Management SCB “Statistics Sweden” SD Sweden Democrats SFI Swedish (language tuition) for Immigrants SIBC Somali Information and Business Centre SIU Organization for Immigrant Associations in Uppsala SMB Swedish Migration Board SPES Swedish Public Employment Service UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR Research 2012/2013 5 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 8 Project aims ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Report rationale ................................................................................................................................... 9 Definition of integration ....................................................................................................................... 9 Immigration to Sweden ..................................................................................................................... 10 Sweden’s integration goal and division of responsibility................................................................... 11 Monitoring and evaluating integration in Sweden ............................................................................. 12 Report structure ................................................................................................................................ 13 CHAPTER 2: Methodology .............................................................................................................. 14 Participating countries ...................................................................................................................... 14 Gathering data ................................................................................................................................... 14 Consultations .................................................................................................................................... 15 Bias .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Analysis ............................................................................................................................................. 16 Ethics ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Desk research .................................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 3: Literature review ....................................................................................................... 18 Housing ............................................................................................................................................. 19 Employment ...................................................................................................................................... 20 Education .......................................................................................................................................... 21 Health ................................................................................................................................................ 22 Attitudes and social integration ......................................................................................................... 23 The asylum process .......................................................................................................................... 24 Family reunification ........................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER 4: Stakeholder and refugee consultations .................................................................. 26 Health ................................................................................................................................................ 27 How family reunification impacts health ..................................................................................... 28 How PTSD impacts integration ................................................................................................... 28 Vulnerable groups ....................................................................................................................... 29 The asylum process .................................................................................................................... 29 Post-migration health factors ...................................................................................................... 30 6 Refugee Integration in Sweden - It’s about time! Education .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Language studies support integration process ........................................................................... 32 Validation of qualifications........................................................................................................... 33 How the economic situation impacts studies ............................................................................. 34 Family reunification difficulties impede learning ......................................................................... 35 Employment .....................................................................................................................................
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