3/29/2016
EARTHQUAKE 2015 IN NEPAL: RESPONSE AND RECOVERY (CULTUREAL HERITAGE)
Dr. Suresh Suras SHRESTHA, Head, World Heritage Conservation Section Department of Archaeology Kathmandu, Nepal
“Implementation of the cultural heritage-related elements of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR)” 9 - 11 March 2016, Washington DC, USA
Nepal Nepal is a small land-locked country situated in the heart of Asia. North of it lies the People’s Republic of China and Republic of India to the east, west and south.
1 3/29/2016
World Heritage Properties
Natural World Heritage Site
KATHMANDU VALLEY LUMBINI SAGARMATHA
CHITWAN
Cultural World Heritage Sites
Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property
2 3/29/2016
Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property Consists 7 Protected Monument Zones 1. Hanumandhoka Durbar Protected Monument Zone 2. Patan Durbar Protected Monument Zone 3. Bhaktapur Durbar Protected Monument Zone 4. Pashupati Protected Monument Zone 5. Changu Narayan Protected Monument Zone 6. Bouddha Area Protected Monument Zone 7. Swayambhu Protected Monument Zone
Earthquake on 25th April 2015
Kathmandu Valley has been in the Earthquake prone area since several hundreds of years Several activities has carried out for Earthquake Preparedness in Nepal, some of the preparedness – awareness programs were also held for cultural heritage All of sudden, the Earthquake was happened for about a minute and several monuments were turned into ruins on 25th April 2015 and later.
3 3/29/2016
Earthquake …
Cultural Heritage affected by the earthquake: Monuments affected: In total (all over the country) - 750 Completely Collapsed - 133 Partially/Partly Collapsed - 95 Partially damaged – 522
Within the Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property Completely Collapsed - 37 Partially/Partly Collapsed - 162 In total – 199
Hanumandhoka durbar Protected monument zone
4 3/29/2016
CHYASIN DEGA: Before Earthquake After Earthquake
DEGU TALEJU TEMPLE Before Earthquake After Earthquake
5 3/29/2016
GADDI BAITHAK
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
KASTHAMANDAP
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
6 3/29/2016
MAJU DEGA: Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
NARAYAN TEMPLE Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
7 3/29/2016
NAUTALE DURBAR
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
PANCHAMUKHI HANUMAN After Earthquake
Before Earthquake
8 3/29/2016
OVER VIEW OF TALEJU AND DEGU TALEJU TEMPLE
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
Bhaktapur Durbar Protected Monument Zone
9 3/29/2016
BATSALA TEMPLE Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
OVERVIEW OF BHAKTAPUR DURBAR SQUARE
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
10 3/29/2016
ENTRANCE GATE – SOUTH OF DURBAR SQUARE
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
FASI DEGA:
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
11 3/29/2016
NARAYAN TEMPLE Before Earthquake After Earthquake
KEDARNATH TEMPLE Before Earthquake After Earthquake
12 3/29/2016
SIDDHILAXMI TEMPLE Before Earthquake After Earthquake
BHAIRAV TEMPLE– not affected
Before Earthquake After Earthquake – not affected
13 3/29/2016
NYATAPOL TEMPLE – not affected
Before Earthquake After Earthquake – not affected
ChanguNarayan Protected Monument Zone
14 3/29/2016
KILESHWPR MAHADEV TEMPLE Before Earthquake After Earthquake
CHANGU NARAYAN TEMPLE Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
15 3/29/2016
LAXMI NARAYAN TEMPL
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
MAIN ENTRANCE GATE – CHANGU NARAYAN TEMPLE COMPLEX
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
16 3/29/2016
AMATYA SATTAL – MUSEUM BUILDING
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
CHAUGHERA SATTAL
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
17 3/29/2016
Patan Durbar Protected Monument Zone
OVERVIEW OF PATAN DURBAR SQUARE
Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
18 3/29/2016
CHAR NARAYAN TEMPLE
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
STONE PILLAR – STATUE OF YOGNARENDRA MALLA
19 3/29/2016
TALEJU TEMPLE - PATAN
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
CHYASIN DEGA - PATAN After Earthquake
Before Earthquake
20 3/29/2016
HARI SHANKAR TEMPLE
Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
DEGU TALEJU TEMPLE After Earthquake – not affected
Before Earthquake
21 3/29/2016
After Earthquake – not affected Krishna Temple
Narsimha Temple
Bouddha Protected Monument Zone
22 3/29/2016
BOUDDHA STUPA
Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
Swayambhu Protected Monument Zone
23 3/29/2016
ANANTAPUR
Before Earthquake
After Earthquake
PRATAPPUR TEMPLE Before Earthquake After Earthquake
24 3/29/2016
DEVADHARMA MAHAVIHAR
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
SHANTIPUR TEMPLE
Before Earthquake After Earthquake
25 3/29/2016
SWAYAMBHU MAHACHAITYA Before Earthquake After Earthquake
KARMARAJ MAHAVIHARA
After Earthquake Before Earthquake ruined surrounding area
26 3/29/2016
DHARAHARA – beyond KVWHP boundary Before Earthquake After Earthquake
RESPONSE TO THE EARTHQUAKE
EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES
27 3/29/2016
Post Earthquake Emergency Response Activities
Earthquake and Emergency Rescue Operation for Cultural Heritage
Immediate Response - Data Collection and Preliminary Assessment - Mobilization of Rescue Team
Evacuation, Salvaging and Immediate Protection of the Sites Discussion and Interaction with Experts and Contractors Documentation of the Sites
Stabilization and Temporary Protection of the Sites - Rainy Season Formation of Experts Groups Detail Damage Assessment
Preparation of drawings, designs and cost estimation
Long Term Conservation, Renovation and Reconstruction Planning
Post Earthquake Activities …
Detail Assessment
on the basis of preliminary assessment – Site wise detail assessments were carried out through the National Experts of DoA
The Detail Assessment has been carrying out through the International Assistance Emergency Fund provided by UNESCO World Heritage Center and also through the international collaboration with other government
28 3/29/2016
Post Earthquake Activities …
Improvement on existing organizational structures appointment of 105 additional human resources: Architects and Engineers (65), Sub-Engineers (10), Archaeological officers (5), Computer Operators (3) and other supporting staffs
The Earthquake Response Coordination Office (ERCO) has established in coordination with UNESCO Office in Kathmandu from the beginning of the Post Earthquake Activities – ERCO has been supporting as a supplement for documentation and coordination among the numerous stakeholders
Post Earthquake Activities …
Recovery Master Plan
6 years Action Plan has already declared by the government of Nepal, Department of Archaeology as a way to go, amendment would be done as per the necessity
Site wise Master Plan has also been preparing, however its on the discussion and some of them are in progress
29 3/29/2016
Post Earthquake Activities …
Policy and Amendment of Conservation Guidelines
Post Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Policy has approved and implemented by the government through Nepal Reconstruction Authority
Post Earthquake Conservation, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Guidelines has also approved by the Government of Nepal
Post Earthquake Activities …
Preparation of drawings, designs and cost estimation
As DoA has been strengthening its organizational capacity, preparation of drawing, designs and cost estimation has also been preparing very smoothly in the process of detail documentation after Earthquake
30 3/29/2016
International Cooperation for Post Earthquake Conservation, Reconstruction, Rehabilitation
International Cooperation for Post Earthquake Conservation, Reconstruction, Rehabilitation Assistance from UNESCO WHC/ Office in Kathmandu Government of Nepal has received International Assistance Fund for Emergency Situation, through which the emergency activities for post earthquakes are going on
Besides that, DoA and UNESCO Office in Kathmandu have signed in three different MoU for Emergency Activities as well as for protection and overall further way out
DoA and Heritage and Environment Conservation Foundaiton Nepal has also singed in a MoU for Emergency Protection, Comprehensive Master Plan and Research work, which is for Changu Narayan Protected Monument Zone, one of the component of KVWHP
Government of Nepal and China also singed in a MoU for conservation, reconstruction and rehabilitation of monuments within Hanumandhoka Durbar Protected Monument Zone (Nautale Durbar) and Nuwakot Durbar Complex
31 3/29/2016
International Cooperation …
GIZ has assisted providing construction material for emergency protection as well as for the conservation of some monuments in Bhaktapur Durbar Protected Monument Zone, one of the component of KVWHP
A short Project on Sorting and Storing the wooden elements (collected) from the collapsed monuments within Hanumandhoka Durbar PMZ is being implementation in close coordination with UNESCO Office in Kathmandu and national Experts thevery soon (within one or two weeks)
Rescue of Mural Painting of Shantipur at Swyambhu is also going to start very soon (from November 20) in collaboration with UNESCO Office in Kathmandu
Archaeological Exploration and Excavation activities has been going on in close coordination with UNESCO Office in Kathmandu and Durham University, UK
International Cooperation …
ARCHES, one of the Documentation System is going to be adopt and implement in the documentation over all in the cultural heritage of Nepal, which is also in close collaboration with UNESCO Office in Kathmandu through Earthquake Response Coordination Office (ERCO)
32 3/29/2016
National Cooperation For Post Earthquake Conservation, Reconstruction, Rehabilitation
National Cooperation for Post Earthquake Conservation, Reconstruction, Rehabilitation KATHMANDU METROPOLITAN CITY AND BHAKTAPUR MUNICIPALITY has been initiating for post earthquake conservation, reconstruction and rehabilitation allocating budget for conservation and rehabilitation of monuments
Bhaktapur Municipality has been conducting series of trainings for traditional masons. Crafts-persons, carpenters and so on
Kathmandu Metropolitan City has also been conducting trainings for Documentation of heritage buildings and initiating for other technical trainings
National Planning Commission, Ministry of Urban Development , Ministry of Local Development and other related Ministries has also been initiating for the best of post earthquake conservation, reconstruction and rehabilitation
Coordinative Working Committee has been also actively working in this regard (CWC – IMF/KVWHP)
33 3/29/2016
During Post Earthquake Response and Recovery Situation
34 3/29/2016
35 3/29/2016
36 3/29/2016
37 3/29/2016
38 3/29/2016
39 3/29/2016
40 3/29/2016
Full inventory and detail documentation of the elements
41 3/29/2016
42 3/29/2016
43 3/29/2016
CHALLENGES & LESSON LEARNT
44 3/29/2016
CHALLENGES COORDINATION Within National Agencies - Army, Police, Armed Police Force, volunteer organizations/individuals With International Agencies With Humanitarian Volunteers/Agency With Heritage professionals & Volunteers Government and Bureaucracy
CHALLENGES …
EMERGENCY RESPONSE Identification of Heritage Preliminary Assessment Detail Assessment Salvaging and Documentation Emergency Protection Short Term and Long Term Planning
45 3/29/2016
CHALLENGES …
EXISTING LEGISLATIONS Lacking Provisions in the Existing Legislative system Quick arrangement for Special Legislative Provisions during Quick Response to the Earthquake Special Planning and Legislative and Functional Provisions for reconstruction, rehabilitation, conservation, resettlement of towns and villages
LESSON LEARNT
PREPAREDNESS – must always be updated/ready to implement Complete study on the cultural heritage; at least the World Heritage Sites and other national designated heritage Publish and disseminate the reports, inventories of studied heritage to make aware the people Clear indication of evacuation planning or lay out within the area
46 3/29/2016
LESSON …
PREPAREDNESS – must always be updated/ready to implement Clear identification of the heritage – which is which monument
Well equipped with necessary tools to work quickly and correctly
MAKE AWARE TO THE HERITAGE PROFESSIONALS TO MOBILISE WITH SELF MOTIVATION IN THE DISASTER SITUATION
LESSON …
EMERGENCY RESPONSE Identification of Heritage – well prepared documentations Preliminary Assessment – trained staffs Detail Assessment – trained expertise / staffs Salvaging and Documentation – trained human resources – Army, Police and other collective potential groups
47 3/29/2016
LESSON …
Emergency Protection - trained professionals : staffs, consultants Short term and long term planning - Patience work by government and community Community Awareness – full support for reconstruction and rehabilitation process
LESSON …
COORDINATION – should be an identified coordination mechanism as now ERCO Within National Agencies - Army, Police, Armed Police Force, volunteer organizations/individuals With International Agencies – integral coordination for heritage With Humanitarian Volunteers/Agency With Heritage professionals & Volunteers Government and Bureaucracy
48 3/29/2016
Conclusion
The earthquake of 25 April 2015 and the aftershocks have caused the damage to the World Heritage property; however it has been a coordinated response and planning for stepwise rehabilitation is underway. The Department of Archaeology, government of Nepal has been working together with National and International communities including UNESCO in a coordinative way in the post-earthquake situation.
The Department of Archaeology has been doing its best for better conservation, reconstruction and rehabilitation of the monuments and revive the OUV of Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Property as well as of other national heritages
49