Long Crendon
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Long Crendon Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Assessment Report The Courthouse & St Mary’s Church, Long Crendon The Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Project was carried out between 2008 and 2012 by Buckinghamshire County Council with the sponsorship of English Heritage and the support of Aylesbury Vale District Council © Buckinghamshire County Council 2009 Report produced by Ruth Beckley and David Green Historical documentary report by Mark Page, Leicester University All the mapping contained in this report is based upon the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. All rights reserved 100021529 (2009) All Historic Photographs are reproduced courtesy of the Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies unless otherwise stated. Copies of this report and further information can be obtained from: Buckinghamshire County Council Planning Advisory and Compliance Service, Place Service, Buckinghamshire County Council County Hall Aylesbury Bucks HP20 1UY Tel: 01296 382656 Email: [email protected] Long Crendon Historic Town Assessment Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5 I DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ................................................................................ 8 1.2 Aims ............................................................................................................................. 8 2 Setting ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology ................................................................................ 9 2.2 The historic landscape ............................................................................................... 15 3 Brief History of Settlement................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Summary of pre-Saxon occupation............................................................................ 16 3.2 Summary of Anglo Saxon activity .............................................................................. 16 3.3 Summary of Medieval activity .................................................................................... 16 3.4 Summary of Post Medieval activity............................................................................ 17 3.5 Summary of Modern activity ...................................................................................... 17 4 Evidence.............................................................................................................................. 24 4.1 Historic Maps ............................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Documentary Evidence.............................................................................................. 24 4.3 Built Heritage.............................................................................................................. 24 4.4 Archaeological Evidence............................................................................................ 26 4.5 Environmental Evidence ............................................................................................ 28 5 Archaeological & Historical Development....................................................................... 29 5.1 Prehistoric period (c.10,000 BC – AD 43).................................................................. 29 5.2 Roman synthesis and components (AD 43 – 410) .................................................... 29 5.3 Saxon synthesis and components (AD 410 – 1066).................................................. 29 5.4 Medieval synthesis and components (1066-1536) .................................................... 33 5.5 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800)............................................ 39 6 Historic Urban Zones......................................................................................................... 48 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 48 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ................................................................................................. 48 6.3 Archaeological Assessment....................................................................................... 48 6.4 Period:........................................................................................................................ 49 6.5 Survival: ..................................................................................................................... 49 6.6 Potential: .................................................................................................................... 50 6.7 Group Value:.............................................................................................................. 50 6.8 Diversity: .................................................................................................................... 50 6.9 Historic Settlement..................................................................................................... 52 6.10 Modern settlement ..................................................................................................... 58 II ASSESSMENT................................................................................................................. 60 7 Designations....................................................................................................................... 60 7.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ........................................................................................... 61 7.2 Archaeological Notification Areas .............................................................................. 61 8 Summary and Potential ..................................................................................................... 61 8.1 Historic Character ...................................................................................................... 61 8.2 Archaeological Potential ............................................................................................ 61 9 Management Recommendations...................................................................................... 62 9.1 Conservation Area Appraisals ................................................................................... 62 9.2 Registered Parks and Gardens.................................................................................. 62 9.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments ................................................................................. 62 9.4 Archaeological Notification Areas .............................................................................. 62 III RESEARCH AGENDA..................................................................................................... 63 10 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................... 63 11 Bibliography....................................................................................................................64 11.1 Addresses .................................................................................................................. 66 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms.................................................................. 67 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website)...................... 67 1.2 Abbreviations Used.................................................................................................... 67 1.3 Glossary of Terms...................................................................................................... 67 2 Appendix: HER Records.................................................................................................... 69 2.1 Monuments HER Report............................................................................................ 69 3 Long Crendon Historic Town Assessment 2.2 Landscapes HER Reports ......................................................................................... 70 2.3 Find Spots.................................................................................................................. 71 2.4 Listed Buildings.......................................................................................................... 72 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data.............................................................. 75 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report....................................................................... 77 List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban character zones for Long Crendon...................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Long Crendon in location ............................................................................................. 10 Figure 3: Geology of town (Copyright British Geological Survey)............................................... 11 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Long Crendon (representational only) ........................