Express – PRA for Cathaica fasciola – Interception – Prepared by: Julius Kühn-Institute, Institute for Plant Health; Dr. Peter Baufeld, Dr. Gritta Schrader, Dr. Silke Steinmöller; on: 23-11-2017 (translated by Elke Vogt-Arndt) Initiation: Interception of a stone consignment from China by the Plant Protection Service of Hesse

Express PRA Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801)

Phytosanitary risk for Germany high medium low

Phytosanitary risk for high medium low EU-Member States

Certainty of assessment high medium low

Conclusion Cathaica fasciola is endemic in China, Japan and on the Pacific-Island Guam and does not yet occur in Germany and the EU. Up to now it is neither listed in the Annexes of Directive 2000/29/EC nor by EPPO. C. fasciola is polyphagous and establishes in various refugia like pasture and infests vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, pasture plants and other cultivated plants. Due to suitable climate conditions it must be assumed that C. fasciola is able to establish outdoors in Germany. The establishment in other EU-Member States is also possible. Due to its high damage potential for horticulture and the cultivation of ornamentals and other agricultural crops C. fasciola presents a high phytosanitary risk for Germany and other EU-Member States. Furthermore the species is - in the combination with Conocephalus spp. which occurs in Europe - an intermediate host for the parasite Eurytrema pancreaticum (pancreas fluke) of sheep, goats, pigs, cattle. In single cases also humans were infested. So far, the parasite E. pancreaticum is not endemic in Europe and only occurs in Asia and South America. Based on this risk analysis it is assumed that C. fasciola is able to establish in Germany or another Member State and to cause considerable damage on cultivated crops and farm . Thus measures against the introduction of this potential quarantine pest (with its parasite E. pancreaticum) should be taken according to § 4a of the Plant Inspection Order. Accordingly, the intercepted wooden pallets have to be destroyed according to § 4a of the Plant Inspection Order. As a precaution a monitoring in the storing location of the pallets and in the near surroundings is deemed necessary.

Preconditions for an Express- It is a non-listed pest and so far, it is not established in the PRA fulfilled? area covered by the reporting Plant Protection Service.

Taxonomy, trivial name, (snail), Bradybaenidae (bradybaenid land snail) synonyms Chinese rams horn snail Syn.: Bradybaena fasciola, Eulota

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Does a relevant earlier PRA No exist?

Distribution and biology China, Japan and Pacific-Island Guam (insular areas of the USA) (Anonym 2017a); C. fasciola is widespread in China and belongs to the seven major species that often are locally abundant (Barker, 2002; Min-Zhao Zhang, 2015).

Are host plants present in the The snail species is extremely polyphagous and is present in PRA area? If so, which? different habitats; the species feeds on vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, pasture plants and other plants (Min-Zhao Zhang, 2015). In feeding experiments the following plants were suitable: Salix matsudana, Spinacia oleracea, Solanum nigrum, Saxifraga stolonifera, Sophora japonica, Prunus persica, Salvia splendens, Lactuca sativa var. romana, Saccharina japonica and Pharbitis nil (Zhang Minzhao et al., 2015); Many host plants are present in Germany and the EU.

Transfer pest from Yes, in the USA experience is already known from Michigan consignment host plant where C. fasciola was introduced but could be eradicated (Robinson, 2015). The snail species is mobile and extremely polyphagous so that it is able to find host plants in the surroundings of the introduction area in a short time.

Is a vector/further plant needed No, but the species is an intermediate host for Eurytrema for host alternation? Which? pancreaticum, in combination with a further intermediate host Distribution? (snails of the Conocephalus (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) which is wide spread in Europe, Anonymus 2017b). E. pancreaticum infests the pancreas of sheep, goats, pigs, cattle and occasionally of humans and is capable to cause damage. E. pancreaticum is spread in Asia and South America and does not yet occur in Europe (Anonym 2017a, 2017c; Ishii et al., 1983; Taylor et al., 2016)

Climate in distribution area Yes, the climate in the distribution area in Asia is comparable. comparable to PRA area?

If no, are host plants present in Not relevant. protected cultivation?

Expected damage in the PRA Yes. C. fasciola is discussed and described as a severe area? agricultural pest (Chen, 1994; no access to the complete article); In the USA C. fasciola is classified as a pest that causes great losses on economical crops; the USDA classifies this species as “actionable” , i.e. that infested consignments have to be fumigated or other eradication measures have to be conducted (Anonym, 2015; Robinson, 2015).

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Is an infestation easy to Yes, in case of early detection; eradicate? From the US state Michigan experience is known from the year 2008; an eradication in the container harbour in Detroit was successful (Robinson, 2015).

Remarks C. fasciola is a severe agricultural pest and as an intermediate host it also presents a veterinary risk for grazing animals and occasionally also for humans.

Literature (Anonym 2017a): Discovery Life. http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20m?kind=Cathaica+fasciola Anonym (2017b): Grasshoppers of Europe. http://www.grasshoppersofeurope.com/linnaeus_ng/app/view s/species/nsr_taxon.php?id=2326 Anonym (2017c): EURYTREMA PANCREATICUM, the PANCREAS FLUKE, a flatworm parasitic of SHEEP, GOATS, PIGS. CATTLE and other LIVESTOCK. Biology, prevention and control. http://parasitipedia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=2566&Itemid=2848 Anonym (2015): Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, 2015 Entomology Program Summary. http://www.agriculture.pa.gov/Protect/PlantIndustry/Entomolo gy/Documents/PA%202015%20Activities%20Report%20for% 20EPB.pdf Barker, G. M. (2002): Molluscs as crop pests. CABI Publishing, 468 S. Chen, D. N. (1994): Dangerous agricultural pests - some terrestrial molluscs. Plant Quarantine Shanghai 8, 1, 37-44 https://geoscience.net/research/002/589/002589469.php Ishii Y, Koga M, Fujino T, Higo H, Ishibashi J, Oka K, Saito S. 1983): Human infection with the pancreas fluke, Eurytrema pancreaticum. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1983 Sep;32, 5, 1019- 1022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6625056 Robinson, D. G. (2015): Invasive Land Snails and Slugs in North America. https://www.npdn.org/system/files/WPDN%20DGRobinson%2 02015.pdf Taylor M. A., Coop, R. L., Wall, R. L. (2016): Veterinary Parasitology. Wiley Blackwell. 1032 S. https://books.google.de/books?id=jelbCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85 &lpg=PA85&dq=Bradybaena+fasciola&source=bl&ots=SivTP QE7Xl&sig=ei_gWvgeakQysgehWBFulSjcGb8&hl=de&sa=X& ved=0ahUKEwihtaPsqtLXAhUPZlAKHacoDbIQ6AEISTAI#v=

Institut für nationale und internationale Angelegenheiten der Pflanzengesundheit Express PRA Cathaica fasciola 3/4 Express PRA Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801) onepage&q=Bradybaena%20fasciola&f=false Min-Zhao Zhang, Yan-Li Du, Xiao-Chun QinYu-Jia Zhao, Jin- Zhong Wang& Zhi-Yong (2015): Study on the behaviour of dormancy breaking in Cathaica fasciola (Draparnaud 1801) (Gastropoda: ). Molluscan Research, 35, 4, 213-217. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13235818.2015.1 044886 Zhang Minzhao, Du Yanli, Qin Xiaochun, Yang Guang, Sun Shuling, Wang Jinzhong, Zhang Zhiyong (2015): Die Fütterungsauswahl von Cathaica fasciola zu 25 verschiedenen Pflanzen (translation from Chinese). Pflanzenschutz, 2015-04. https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1 &hl=de&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.de&sl=en&sp=nm t4&u=http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal- ZWBH201504020.htm&usg=ALkJrhjobOyEdu57p5pSDa8bx6f 7_oJYwA

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