Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey Proposed Car Park Enhancement Millmoor

Name Address Contact No Email Client Andrew Muskett PCNPA 01646 624891 [email protected] Buildings Project Llanion Park Manager Pembroke Dock Pembrokeshire SA72 6DY Ecologist Leander Cân yr Adar, 07929 118 056 [email protected] Wolstenholme Glandwr Pembrokeshire

Broad Haven Car Park Enhancement Project/Ext. PHASE 1/Glaswellt Ecology. Page 1

GLASWELLT ECOLOGY

Address: Cân yr Adar, Glandwr Pembrokeshire SA34 0YD Tel: 01994 419110 and Mob: 07929 118056

Survey Report Date: 16th September 2019 Version: FINAL Broad Haven Car Park Enhancement for Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority

Grid reference: SM86291401

Action Version No Date-2019 Author/surveyor check Sent Survey Extended 24th August L.Wolstenholme Phase 1 Report Draft 1 3rd L.Wolstenholme LJW 3/9/2019 September FINAL Final 16th L.Wolstenholme LJW/AM 16/9/2019 REPORT September

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CONTENTS PAGE

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4

2.0 INTRODUCTION, location general site description and context 5

3.0 METHODOLOGY 8

4.0 RESULTS: baseline conditions [Desk Study and Phase 1 Survey] 11

5.0 EVALUATION: Habitat Loss and potential impacts on the site 26

6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS for mitigation and enhancement ideas 30

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Plant Species lists per Habitat 31

Appendix B – Location Plan & Survey Area 38

Appendix C – Proposed Site Plan & Section 39

Appendix D – Car Park Detail, Position of Swales 40

Appendix E – Dry Swale Detail 41

Appendix F – Legal framework 42

Appendix G – Tables of Information 43

Appendix H - Disclaimer 45

Appendix I – References 47

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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 The Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority are seeking to determine the ecological constraints and opportunities associated with enhancement of the existing Millmoor Car Park , Broad Haven, Pembrokeshire centred on national grid reference SM86291401.

1.2 The desk study revealed that several designated sites of conservation importance adjoined the proposed development site or were recorded within a 1km radius of the site. These are the Pembrokeshire Marine SAC which abuts the western end of the development footprint; the West Marine SAC which lies some 330m west of the westernmost extremity of the Project Site; the Newgale and Coast SSSI which abuts the western end of the Project Site. Two RIGS sites are located within 1km of the Project Site. These are Little Haven RIGS and The Settlands RIGS. The proposed development is assessed with regard to these sites

1.3 The site survey conducted within the development footprint (within the red line depicted in Appendix B) identified a total of twelve standard Phase 1 habitat types. Habitats that will be affected by the proposed development include running water, swamp and neutral grassland (which potentially provides habitat for reptiles). The proposed development is assessed with regard to these habitats.

1.4 Recommendations have been made to protect and enhance habitats and species. These are:

1.5 Grass and herbaceous species planted on proposed earth hedge-banks are locally-sourced native species (suitable species and a supplier are suggested).

1.6 In areas where Perfo grass is to be used it is recommended that locally-sourced native species are used (suitable species and a supplier are suggested).

1.7 The seed mix used for the creation of swales should be from locally-sourced native species (suitable species and a supplier are suggested).

1.8 It is recommended that the non-native species recorded on site are eradicated, namely Japanese knotweed, Monbretia and Japanese rose and that a detailed survey to map the locations of these species is undertaken prior to their eradication.

1.9 It is recommended that a precautionary method statement for reptiles is written and adhered to specifically in reference to the removal of the earth banks currently in situ.

1.10 It is recommended that the area of reed/sedge swamp is retained and development in that area restricted to the amenity grassland area.

1.11 Measures should be put in place, during the construction phase to prevent the run-off of silt into the stream.

1.12 Recommendations regarding otters and badgers are given in a separate Otter & Badger report.

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2.0 INTRODUCTION, LOCATION, SITE DESCRIPTION AND CONTEXT

2.1 Glaswellt Ecology was instructed by Pembrokeshire National Park Authority to provide an ecological assessment of the existing Millmoor car park in Broad Haven in relation to plans to enhance this car park. The location is seen in Figure 1.

2.2 Timing- extended phase 1 survey: 24/8/2019 Surveyor – Leander Wolstenholme

2.3 Reasons for survey – to establish the ecology of the site and to identify the habitats and species associated with, and near, the site. This information will be used to highlight the ecological constraints and opportunities for development on site. An Extended Phase 1 identifies further detailed surveys that will be required to bring the information on the site up to the level required to obtain planning permission. This additional survey work may be required to finally fulfil the developer’s obligations in respect of the ecological sensitivities on the land and may require application for licences associated with protected species e.g. bats and badgers.

Site Location and Brief 2.4 The site is located at the northern end of Broad Haven, west of the B4341, Pembrokeshire, centred on national grid reference SM 86291401 (see Figure 1 below)).

Figure 1: Site Location:

2.5 The footprint of the proposed development site can be seen in drawing P002 in Appendix C.

2.6 The site lies just to the north and west of suburban housing. A static caravan park is located just north of the Project Site with a beach and sea to the west. Beyond the town of Broad Haven to the north, south and east the landscape mostly comprises pasture farmland with boundary hedgerows and lines of trees.

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2.7 The main settlements within the vicinity of the site include Haverfordwest some 8km east and Milford Haven some 8km south east with the small village of Little Haven adjacent to Broad Haven to the south west.

Background to the activity/development 2.8 Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority are seeking to determine the ecological constraints associated with the enhancement of a car park on the site of an existing car park just north of Millmoor Way, Broad Haven, Pembrokeshire

2.9 In support of the planning application for the proposed development Glaswellt Ecology was commissioned to undertake an extended phase 1 habitat survey of the site to identify any apparent or potential ecological constraints to, or opportunities arising from, the proposed development and provide recommendations, as appropriate, to enable compliance with planning policy and wildlife legislation.

Survey Objectives 2.10 The objectives are:  Identify designated nature conservation sites on or within proximity to the Project Site.  Identify known records of protected or notable species within proximity to the Project Site.  Identify and categorise the main habitats and features of ecological interest present within the Project Site.  Appraise the potential for protected or notable species of fauna and flora  Provide advice on potential ecological constraints and opportunities on or within proximity to the Project Site  Identify the requirement for further habitat and species surveys  Make recommendations for requirements to avoid and mitigate ecological impacts as well as opportunities for biodiversity enhancements  Provide a map showing the Phase 1 habitats on the Project Site and features of ecological interest

2.11 The purpose of the report is to demonstrate which habitats and species are present on site and whether further detailed survey work is necessary in order to understand the full ecological impact on the protected species and the Project Site.

2.12 A completed extended phase 1 survey report will contribute to the paperwork required for obtaining full planning permission.

2.13 The legislation in relation to the protected species is outlined, but is not to be regarded as a definitive legal opinion. When dealing with individual species or habitats the client is advised to consult the full texts or the relevant legislation and obtain further legal advice.

2.14 The following legislation is potentially relevant to the Project Site:  The Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) 1981 (as amended);  The Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000;  The Conservation of Habitats & Species Regulations 2017;  The Hedgerow Regulations 1997

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 The Protection of Badgers Act 1992  The Environment (Wales) Act 2016  The Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006  The Welfare of Future Generations Act 2015 [in Wales]

2.15 The legislation listed [see Appendix C] has been considered when planning and undertaking this survey using the methods described in Section 3, when identifying potential constraints to the Project, and when making recommendations for further survey work, design options and mitigation, as discussed in Section 6.

2.16 Compliance with legislation may require the attainment of relevant protected species licences prior to the implementation of the Project.

Surveyors experience and qualifications 2.17 The survey was undertaken by Leander Wolstenholme. Leander is an experienced ecologist with over twenty years’ experience in field survey work. He has a degree and PhD in botany and plant genetics from the University of Aberystwyth and formerly worked as an ecological consultant with TEP the environment partnership based in Warrington. Following this he spent some 10 years working as the Head of Botany at the World Museum Liverpool and the Curator of Botany at the Manchester Museum during which time he conducted surveys as a freelance ecologist for TEP and other clients.

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3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 The survey undertaken comprised of two components; a desk top study and a field-based habitat survey.

Desk Top Study 3.2 The objectives of a desk study are to review the existing information available in the public domain concerning species and habitats.

3.3 The following searches were undertaken:

3.4 Internationally, nationally and locally designated sites, up to 2km from the site using the Multi Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) website (www.magic.gov.uk).

3.5 Protected and Priority species records and records of locally designated sites (including Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) up to 2km from the Project Site, using the records held at the West Wales Biodiversity Information Centre (WWBIC).

3.6 Aerial photographs and Ordnance Survey (OS) maps were reviewed to identify features of ecological interest surrounding the Project Site including ponds within 500m, nearby areas of ecological interest and features connecting these habitats (hedgerows, watercourses, railway lines).

3.7 The website www.old-maps.co.uk was used to research the landscape history of the site.

Limitations to Desk Top Study 3.8 Biological records can be received from a wide variety of sources and may or may not be comprehensive and accurate. However, if assessed in conjunction with a Phase 1 Habitat survey, can contribute to a robust ecological assessment of a site.

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Phase 1 Habitat Survey 3.9 A Phase 1 Habitat survey involves a site walkover and preliminary assessment of key habitats, land use and ecological features. The main habitats present are recorded using standard Phase 1 Habitat Survey methodology as described in the Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey: a technique for Environmental Audit (JNCC, 2010). The plant species defining the habitat types on the Project Site are recorded. Evidence of any invasive plant species subject to legal controls is also recorded.

3.10 In the case of an Extended Phase 1 Habitat Survey, as well as identifying and mapping the habitats, searches are also made on the Project Site for field signs of protected and species of conservation note. The Project Site is then assessed for its potential to support protected or notable species in order to identify potential ecological constraints and to guide recommendations for further surveys.

3.11 The following species are of note and the field signs searched for in the case of each species are briefly described:

Bats 3.12 During the Phase 1 Habitat Survey, where access allowed and the information at the time, trees and buildings on the Project Site were identified for their potential and actual presence of features suitable as bat roost habitat. [See Appendix G for tables used to assess bat potential].

3.13 Tree roosts – [If present] Trees were assessed during the Phase 1 survey for specimens and wooded areas requiring further survey work. The assessment was conducted via an external appraisal from the ground using binoculars where necessary.

3.14 The trees and woodland [if present] overall rating were assessed on the basis of species composition and age, of their likelihood to support roosting bats, and/or the need for further assessment.

3.15 Bat Habitats on-site were classified into categories dependent on the presence of features suitable for bats to commute forage [Core Sustenance Zones]. See Appendix G Tables 1 & 2 potential bat roosting, commuting and core sustenance zones.

Badgers 3.16 Badgers have been subject to a separate survey and report. Please see Otter & Badger Survey Report 21st August 2019.

Otters 3.17 Otters have been subject to a separate survey and report. Please see Otter & Badger Survey Report 21st August 2019.

Hazel Dormice 3.18 Dormice are difficult to survey. A daytime search will involve looking for hazelnuts nibbled in a characteristic way. Habitat suitability is also important when combined with close scrutiny of the local mammal records and the location of good habitat as found in Ancient Woodland but also in other habitats like coniferous forest with undergrowth, hazel copse etc.

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Water voles 3.19 Water voles live along rivers, streams and ditches, around ponds and lakes and in marshes, reed-beds and areas of wet moorland. Signs that water voles are present include burrows in the riverbank, feeding stations (piles of nibbled grass) and latrines of rounded cigar-shaped droppings. Water voles appear to be largely absent from most of Pembrokeshire.

Other mammals 3.20 Harvest mouse, fox, rabbit, polecat, stoat, weasel and hedgehog. Field signs e.g. droppings, nests, sightings etc. will be looked for and noted during an extended phase 1 survey.

Amphibians and Reptiles 3.21 Signs, or actual sightings, that would indicate the presence of amphibians and reptiles will be noted during an extended phase 1 survey walkover

Birds 3.22 Birds observed or heard will be noted during the extended phase 1 survey walkover.

Invasive Non-Native species 3.23 Any species considered to be pernicious weeds under Schedule 9, Section 14 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) will be noted, mapped and reported, if found during the survey. Such species will include Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera).

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4.0 RESULTS

Desk Study Results

Figure 2: Aerial photographs of site in relation to surrounding habitats. Project Site:

Designated Sites within 2km

Table 1: Designated Sites Designated Site Name Distance from Project Reason for Designation Site Pembrokeshire Marine SAC Adjacent to Western Marine wildlife including grey Edge of Project Site seal, otters and a range of marine habitats West Wales Marine SAC 330m west of Western Harbour porpoise (Phocoena Edge of Project Site phocoena) Newgale to Little Haven Adjacent to Western Caves & overhangs, Rockpools, Coast SSSI Edge of Project Site Surge gullies, Under-boulders Little Haven Foreshore RIGS 563 m SW Mineralised joints in sandstone The Settlands RIGS 957m SW Cliff face with coal seams

4.1 Table 1 lists the designated sites within 2km of the proposed development Figure 3 shows their location.

4.2 The Project site lies beyond 10km of any bat sites listed under the Pembrokeshire Bat Sites and Lakes SAC (which is designated for the presence of European Protected Species such as greater horseshoe bat and lesser horseshoe bat).

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Figure 3: Designated Sites within 2km of the Proposed Development Site

Figure 4: Distribution of European Protected, UK Protected and Priority Species within 2km of the Project Site

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Protected and Priority Species: 4.3 Figure 4 shows the distribution of records of protected and priority species within 2km of the site.

4.4 Table 2 gives a summary of the records of mammals, reptiles and amphibians within a radius of 2km of the Project Site

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Table 2: Summary of Protected and Priority Species within 2km of the Project Site Species 0-500m from site Notes 500m-1000m Notes 1000m-2000m Notes from site from site Bats:

Brown Long- 143m NW 2008 Haroldston Hall from CCW 1398m N 2014 Haroldston Glen eared 250m NW 2008 database and droppings from 1505m N 1986 Pembs Roost Database 490m S 1992 survey. 1008m NE 1989 Maternity Roost (15) Maternity roost (15 bats) superstore Common 143m NW 2008 CCW Database 774m SW Dusk Pipistrelle Emerge 2 count Soprano 143m NW 2008 CCW Database Pipistrelle Pipistrelle agg. 1398m N 2014 Haroldston Glen 1008m NE 1989 Greater 143m NW 2008 CCW Database 554m S 1995 1km 1079m SW 1994- Sea cave roost Horseshoe square 2002 record Lesser Horseshoe 143m NW 2008 CCW Database

Noctule 143m NW 2008 CCW Database 1398m N 2014 Haroldston Glen

Harvest Mouse 340m N 1983

Hedgehog 437m N 1986 Roadkill 527m N 1982 Roadkill 1075m S 1987 1771m S 1999 Polecat 684m N 2017 Live sighting

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Stoat 554m S 1985 Roadkill 1191m S 2012 1711m SW 1999 Adder 681m NW 1988 1406m NW 2019 527m N 1987 1719m SW 2016 1711m SW 1980 1km square record Grass Snake 554m S 1970- 1711m SW 1977 1km square record 1987 Common Lizard 593m N 1991 1282m NW 1996 527m N 1991 1671m NW 1991 554m S 1975 1693m NW 2002 749m SW 2019 1439m SW 2015 947m SW 2008 1406m SW 2015 Slow Worm 391m SE 2013 Crossing path 637m NW 1995 1579m SW 1990 967m NW 2017 947m SW 2008 Common Toad 357m E 1983 554m S 1997

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Birds 4.5 There following category 1 bird species (i.e. European and/or UK legally protected species, species listed in section 7 of the Environment (Wales) act or UK BAP priority species) were recorded within 500m of the proposed development site: Kestrel, Great Northern Diver, Dunnock, Bullfinch and Linnet.

Other species 4.6 There are two category 1 insect record from within 500m of the Project Site and these is of Garden Tiger (a moth) some 242m west and lackey (moth) some 419m north west.

4.7 The only category 1 plant species recorded within 500m of the Project Site is bluebell some 340m north west.

Habitats 4.8 Phase 1 habitat records held at the West Wales Biodiversity Information Centre (WWBIC) show that the existing car park itself has not been mapped as a phase 1 priority habitat (see Figures 5 & 6) but that the stream itself has been mapped as a priority habitat. There are also patches of semi-natural broad-leaved woodland mapped north of the caravan park.

Figure 5: Distribution of Phase 1 Priority Habitats within 2km of the Project Site

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Figure 6: Close up of WWBIC Phase 1 Priority Habitats. Project Site:

Historic Maps 4.9 An analysis of the historic maps available at www.old-maps.co.uk shows that the existing car park was not shown on the 1964 1:10,560 OS Plan map but does appear on the 1974 1:2500 kOS Plan map. This indicates that the car park was constructed at some point between 1964 and 1974. In addition no woodland or scrub is shown for the car parking area in the 1964 map but the current wooded areas on the site are mapped on the 1974 map. This suggests that the current wooded areas were planted as part of the original car parking scheme.

1964 Map 1974 Map

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Figure 7 Phase 1 Habitat Map

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Phase 1 Habitat Survey Results 4.10 The Phase 1 Habitat Survey map is given in Figure 7 and detailed species lists for each habitat are given in Appendix A. The Project Site is defined by the red line boundary given in Appendix B. The Phase 1 survey has been conducted within the red line as drawn in location plan found in Appendix B.

Semi-improved neutral grassland (Phase 1 Habitat Code B2.2) 4.11 There are two earth banks within the existing car park that act as dividers around which cars can park. These earth banks have sloping sides are fairly tall peaking at about 2m metres at their central point. These have been mapped as semi-improved neutral grassland on top of which has been mapped scattered scrub.

4.12 The vegetation on the earth banks varies considerably according to aspect. On west and south facing slopes (see figure 8) grasses such as common bent (Agrostis capillaris), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) dominate with many other grassland species interspersed amongst them. Occasional patches of prickly sedge (Carex muricata subsp. lamprocarpa) were noted in this habitat. The vegetation on the eastern on northern slopes (see figure 9) is dominated by bramble scrub and ornamental shrubs such as New Zealand holly (Olearia macrodonta), Escallonia rubra, St. John’s wort (Hypericum sp.), Elaeagnus macrophylla and, in places, Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa).

4.13 There are two further earth banks showing a similar species composition, one near the south east corner of the car park and one adjacent to the willow plantation area at the south western corner to the car parking area.

4.14 There are further areas of semi-improved neutral grassland running along the southern boundary of the site adjacent to housing. These sections are generally composed of rank grasses such as tall-oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) with some cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata) as well as other grasses such as common bent (Agrostis capillaris) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) at points shaded out by large grey willows (Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia)

Figure 8: Semi-improved neutral grassland on earth bank facing west

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Figure 9: Eastern aspect of earth bank showing bramble scrub

Amenity Grassland (Phase 1 Habitat Code: J1.2) 4.15 There are several areas of amenity grassland mapped. This habitat is defined according to how it is used rather than by its species composition. The amenity grassland on this site does tend to be more diverse than would, perhaps, be normally expected.

4.16 So, for example, the amenity grassland located between the stream and the toilet block contains a range of herbaceous species including silverweed (Potentilla anserina), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill (Geranium molle) and common knapweed (Centaurea nigra) as well as abundant common bent (Agrostis capillaris).

4.17 The amenity grassland located adjacent to the youth hostel is similarly diverse but contains more woodland species (as it is located close to the riparian woodland corridor) with species such as ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) being abundant and common dog violet (Viola riviniana) sometimes found.

Figure 10: Amenity grassland by Youth Hostel (left) and to the south swamp (right)

Swamp (Phase 1 Habitat Code: F1) 4.18 The area of swamp is adjacent to the stream at the western end of the site. Stands of common reed (Phragmites australis) are found closest to the stream and this grades into a larger area of greater pond-sedge (Carex riparia) as the land rises from

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the stream and is drier. The stand of greater pond-sedge further grades into an area where tall ruderal herbs such as creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense) and rank grasses such as false oat-grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) come to dominate as conditions become drier still.

4.19 Further east in this area, as the stream moves closer to the wooded area, woodland herbs begin to appear amongst the swamp vegetation with species such as ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), enchanter’s nightshade (Circaea lutetiana), false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) and wood dock (Rumex sanguineus) being present amongst others.

Figure 11: Facing North East showing swamp

Broad-leaved Plantation Woodland (Phase 1 Habitat Code: A1.1.2) 4.20 This area, which divides the swamp area from the car park itself, is dominated by a thick stand of willows that appear to have been planted as part of the previous car park landscaping scheme. A number of willow hybrids are present , species that would not normally be expected to occur “naturally” within the local area. These include abundant broad-leaved osier (Salix x sericans), some hybrid crack-willow (Salix x rubens) as well as osier (Salix viminalis), hybrid black poplar (Populus x canadensis), oleaster and some white poplar (Populus alba).

Broad-leaved Semi Natural Woodland (Phase 1 Habitat Code: A1.1.1) 4.21 This area of woodland runs from the swamp area along the length of the stream and becomes wider further east away from the coast. The historic maps (paragraph 4.9) show that prior to the late 1960s/early 1970s this area was unwooded and it appears to have been planted up with woody species at the same time as the first car park was constructed (i.e. at some point during the late 1960s, early 1970s). As such this area could easily be classified as plantation woodland. However, there seems to have been a large amount of natural regeneration in this area with woody species such as ash (Fraxinus excelsior), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus, grey willow (Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia) and hazel growing as well as numerous woodland ground flora species including abundant ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), enchanter’s night-shade (Circaea lutetiana), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) as well as ferns such as soft shielf-fern (Polystichum setiferum), scaly male-fern (Dryopetris affinis) and broad buckler-fern (Dryopteris dilatata). However there are also willow and poplar species such as broad-leaved hosier (Salix x sericans), white

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willow (Salix alba) and white poplar (Populus alba) that have clearly persisted as plantation species. As such this area is really a mixture of plantation and natural regeneration. It has been mapped as semi-natural woodland on the basis of the natural regeneration and the presence of herbaceous woodland species although, it must be acknowledged, it is a poor example of this habitat.

Bracken (Phase 1 Habitat Code: C1) 4.22 A patch of bracken was noted at the north-eastern corner of the Project Site. Whilst almost entirely dominated by bracken other species are present here including hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) and greater willow herb (Epilobium hirsutum).

Tall Ruderal Herbs (Phase 1 Habitat Code: C3.1) 4.23 An area of tall ruderal vegetation to the east of the coast guard station and north of the youth hostel laboratories. Abundant hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense) and common knapweed (Centaurea nigra) were noted here. The knapweed was acting as a food source for a number of butterflies present including common blue, small tortoiseshell. The area between the plantation woodland and the swamp has also been mapped as tall ruderal herbs.

Figure 12: Tall Ruderal Herbs

Running Water (Phase 1 Habitat Code: G2) 4.24 Running water was noted in two places on the Project Site. The stream that marks the north western boundary of the site. This stream runs in a westerly direction and eventually emerges onto the beach through a tunnel under the road. The banks of this stream are wooded through much of its length but the woodland gradually peters out at its western end giving way to swamp up to the bridge by the beach. No submerged vegetation was noted but some emergent species were including branch bur-reed (Sparganium erectum) and hemlock water-dropwort (Oenanthe crocata).

4.25 The second stretch of the running water runs along the northern boundary of the Project Site seemingly emerging from a spring located at the southern end of the adjacent caravan park. This stream was choked by vegetation at the time of survey and greatly shaded by trees on both sides of its banks including abundant sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). Although there did appear

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to be water present at the time of survey it was unclear whether or not that water present was actually flowing. Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) was noted in this area.

Figure 13: Facing north east; Stream close to western extremity of the Project Site

Dry Ditch (Phase 1 Habitat Code J2.6) 4.26 There is a dry ditch running along the southern boundary of the Project Site for a short distance, located just east of the toilet block. Damp favouring species such as purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and greater willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) were noted here as well as rank grasses and brambles. The invasive non-native plant Monbretia (Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora) was noted here. Hops (Humulus lupulus) was also noted growing here.

Scattered Scrub (Phase 1 Habitat Code A2.2) 4.27 Areas of scattered scrub have been mapped. These are mostly patches of brambles on the earth banks within the existing car park, scattered grey willow trees (Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia) and introduced shrubs (Olearia macrodonta, Escallonia rubra, Hypericum sp. and Elaeagnus macrophylla).

Continuous Scrub (Phase 1 Habitat Code A2.1) 4.28 Just one area of continuous scrub has been mapped and this is an area just to the north of the youth hostel. The presence of gorse (Ulex europaeus) in this area qualifies this habitat as continuous scrub. Monbretia was noted at growing at this location.

4.29 The area that has been mapped as plantation (see paragraph 4.20) could have been mapped as scrub because of the abundance of willow species in that habitat or even introduced shrub (J1.4). However it has been mapped as plantation as that classification clearly indicates the planted nature of that habitat.

Cleared area. 4.30 There is an area of former plantation woodland that has been cleared to the west of the youth hostel café. It seems that the clearance has taken place to allow a view of the sea from the café. An array of species grow here including some woodland

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species such as ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and hart’s-tongue fern (Phyllitis scolopendrium) together with more ruderal species such as hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum) and black mustrard ( Brassica nigra) as well as garden escapes such as love-in-a mist (Nigella damascena).

Figure 14: Cleared area with view of the sea from the youth hostel cafe

Wall 4.31 A wall bounds the westernmost edge of the proposed development site. On the seaward side this is mostly unvegetated with just a few species at the base including buck’s-horn plantain (Plantago coronopus), greater plantain (Plantago major), red fescue (Festuca rubra), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and sea fern-grass (Catapodium marinum). On the landward side a thin band of common reed (Phragmites australis) dominates the vegetation but other species are present including spear-leaved orache (Atriplex prosrata), sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) and greater willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum).

Figure 15: Wall; seaward side (left) and landward side (right)

Birds 4.32 Birds species noted during the phase 1 survey include swallows (flying overhead), robin, wood pigeon, rook and jackdaws.

Invasive Species 4.33 Three invasive species list under schedule 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) as amended were noted. These are Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa) and monbretia (Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora). The locations of these species are marked on the phase 1 habitat map.

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Figure 16: Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa) (left) and Monbretia (Right)

4.34 Limitation for Phase 1 survey – May is an optimum season for a phase 1. Weather and season are not limiting factors for this type of survey as most key species will be recognisable at this time of year.

4.35 Reasons for any departures from best practice methodology – no departures from best practice guidelines.

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5.0 EVALUATION

Designated Sites and Habitats 5.1 The desk study revealed that several designated sites of conservation importance adjoined the proposed development site or were recorded within a 1km radius of the site. These are the Pembrokeshire Marine SAC which abuts the western end of the development footprint; the West Wales Marine SAC which lies some 330m west of the westernmost extremity of the Project Site and the Newgale and Little Haven Coast SSSI which abuts the western end of the Project Site. Two RIGS (Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Site) sites are located within 1km of the Project Site. These are Little Haven RIGS and The Settlands RIGS. The proposed development is assessed with regard to these sites

5.2 The two RIGS sites are geological sites and because of this and the distance of the current development from those sites it is considered that the current development will have a negligible impact on these sites.

5.3 The main risk to the coastal designated sites (Pembrokeshire Marine SAC, West Wales Marine SAC and the Newgale to Little Haven Coast SSSI) comes via the stream which issues out directly onto these designated sites. Therefore the flow of rainwater from the car park into the adjacent stream needs to be attenuated to prevent excessive flows and water of poor quality entering the stream and, from there, into the designated sites. It is understood that a SuDS system comprising swales is planned to deal with this issue (see Dry Swale detail and positioning of swales) in appendices D and E). Once installed the swales will ameliorate the damage that excessive rain water flow could cause and the impact on designated sites and the stream is therefore considered to be negligible provided the swales are installed as per the plans.

5.4 However, during the construction works for the proposed development there is a risk of silt and pollutants being washed into the stream and, from there, into the designated sites. It is therefore recommended that measures are taken to prevent silt and pollutant run-off into the stream during construction works.

5.5 Whilst the phase 1 habitat survey encompassed an area including the youth hostel and northwards up to the adjacent caravan site, the actual development is confined to the existing car parking area and the area of west of this car park and south of the stream (see Appendix C for proposed site plan).

5.6 Certain habitats are due to be lost as a result of the proposed development. Most notably the earth banks currently located in the centre of the car parking area. These banks are dominated by rough grasses, bramble-scrub and some ornamental shrubs (which no doubt were part of the original landscaping scheme for the car park).

5.7 Whilst of no great botanical merit it is considered that this rough grassland and associated scrub habitat potentially offers good habitat for reptiles providing shelter, food sources and basking spots. These earth banks are somewhat isolated from the surrounding habitats by the tarmac of the car park but it is still considered that they do have potential to support reptiles and there is a desk-top record from

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2013 of a slow worm crossing a path in Broad Haven indicated that reptiles will cross open areas.

5.8 The plans (see Appendix C) indicate that new earth hedgebanks will be created and used throughout the site to create visual barriers to the parking areas and provide enclosure to the boat store and that these hedgebanks will be planted with indigenous grasses and plants. As such it is recommended that the following species are used as these were recorded on site during the phase 1 habitat survey:

Grasses: Agrostis capillaris (common bent) Festuca rubra (red fescue) Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal-grass)

Herbs: Achillea millefolium (yarrow) Centaurea nigra (common knapweed) Crepis capillaris (smooth hawk’s-beard) Geranium molle (Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill) Hyochaeris radicata (common cat’s-ear) Lotus corniculatus (bird’s-foot trefoil) Potentilla reptans (Creeping cinquefoil) Prunella vulgaris (self heal)

5.9 To give the hedgebanks a more coastal feel the following herbaceous species could also be included in the seed mix, particularly for hedgebanks at the western end of the Project Site, closest to the sea. These species were not recorded from the existing car park itself but do grow on coastal grasslands in the area.

Anthyllis vulneraria (kidney vetch) Jasione Montana (sheep’s bit) Thymus polytrichus (wild thyme)

5.10 The swales installed as part of the SuDS scheme will act to attenuate the movement of water into the stream during times of deluge (see Appendices D and E for positions and design of swales). It is recommended that the grass and herb species used for the swales reflect the species that are currently growing in the area. As such it is suggested that common bent (Agrostis capillaris) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) are used as the dominant grasses in the seed mix. The swales are likely to be drier at their apex and damper at their base therefore a mixture or dry and damp favouring species are suggested. Creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera) favours damp conditions so it suggested that this is also incorporated into the seed mix. Herbaceous species that favour drier ground and are growing in the locality (but will also look attractive) include common knapweed (Centaurea nigra), bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), dove’s-foot cranesbill (Geranium molle), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) and self heal (Prunella vulgaris). Fleabane (Pulicaria dysenterica) favours damp conditions and this could also be included in the seed mix as well as greater bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus) which also favours damp ground.

5.11 Areas where Perfo grass are to be used should also be seeded with a grass mix that reflects the species growing in the area. As such a seed mix dominated by common

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bent (Agrostis capillaris) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) would seem most appropriate. As with this seed mix, that for the swale system and for the hedgebanks the more local the seed can be sourced the better with the best option of all being to harvest seeds from the Project site itself or from the Broad Haven area. (Wyndrush Wild is local seed supplier with seed harvested from Pembrokeshire (wyndrushwild.co.uk).

5.12 The swamp/fen area is of value as it provides cover for otters (see Otter & Badger report) and is likely to provide foraging habitat for bats and birds. In addition harvest mice have been recorded within 500m of the project site and are known to nest in reeds. Therefore, in line with the Otter & Badger report ,it is recommended that as much of this habitat is retained as possible and that the design of the western pedestrian area is modified so that all design features (children‟s play area, benches etc, shelter) are sited within the existing area of amenity grassland.

5.13 A section of the existing west boundary wall will be partially removed and raked back into the site. There are no botanical constraints associated with this realignment of wall.

5.14 It was noted that three species listed under Schedule 9 Part 2 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) as amended were present on Project Site. These are Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa) and Monbretia (Crocosmia x crocosmiifolia). Section 14 of the above act states that it is illegal to plant or otherwise cause to grow in the wild a plant listed in Schedule 9. There is a risk that during the construction phase of the development that these species could be spread into the wild. Therefore it is recommended that these species are eradicated from the Project Site prior to the onset of works. It is recommended that a specialist invasive weed contractor is employed to deal with this issue.

5.15 Soils containing Japanese rose, Japanese knotweed and Monbretia are classified as controlled waste and should be disposed of at licensed landfill.

5.16 Locations of these three species have been noted on the phase 1 habitat map. However, a phase 1 survey is a fairly rapid walkover survey and, as such, it is possible that not all locations of these species have been noted. Therefore it is recommended that a thorough survey noting the locations of these three species is conducted prior to the eradication programme.

Species: Bats 5.17 No habitat suitable for bat roosting was noted within the development site footprint (see Appendix C) and no trees were present within that footprint that provide suitable cracks, holes or fissures suitable for roosting. Therefore the impact on bat roosts of the development is considered to be negligible.

5.18 The project site does present potential bat foraging habitat in the form of the reed/sedge swamp and adjacent wooded stream. It is recommended that these habitats are left intact to provide commuting and foraging habitat for bats and it is understood that this will be the case.

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Otters and Badgers 5.19 See submitted report on otters and badgers for analysis and recommendations regarding these species.

Reptiles and Amphibians 5.20 As indicated in the above paragraph the rough grassland on the earth banks within the existing car park offers good reptile habitat. In addition there are desk-top records of reptiles within 500m of the Project Site including a 2013 record of a slow some 390m south and this slow worm was crossing a path.

5.21 It could be argued that the location of these earth banks within a “sea” of tarmac would render them inaccessible to reptiles. However, as noted above, they will cross bare areas. So, on balance, in light of the many reptile records from the local area, it can’t be said with certainty that reptiles will be absent from the current car parking area and therefore unaffected by the development. Therefore it is recommended that a precautionary method statement for reptiles is written and adhered to.

Birds 5.23 A small number of bird species were noted during the extended phase 1 survey and noted from desk-top records. Should any trees need to be felled or trimmed these activities will need to take place outside of the bird breeding season i.e. March to August inclusive. If it is not possible to time the works in accordance with the main bird breeding season a nesting bird check should be performed in the 24 hour period prior to the works. The nesting bird check should be undertaken by a suitably qualified ecologist

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6.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 The proposed development for the enhancement of the car park at Broad Haven is not constrained by ecological issues provided that the following recommendations are adhered to:

6.2 Grass and herbaceous species planted on the newly created earth hedgebanks are locally-sourced native species (a list of species and a supplier are suggested)

6.3 In areas where Perfo grass is to be used it is recommended that locally-sourced native species are used (species and a supplier are suggested).

6.4 The seed mix used for the creation of swales should be from locally-sourced native species (a list of species and supplier are suggested).

6.5 It is recommended that the non-native species recorded on site are removed, namely Japanese knotweed, Monbretia and Japanese rose and that a detailed survey of these species is conducted prior to eradication.

6.6 It is recommended that a precautionary method statement for reptiles is written and adhered to for works involved in the removal of the earth banks currently in situ in the car park.

6.7 It is recommended that the area of reed/sedge swamp is retained and development in that area restricted to the amenity grassland area.

6.8 See Otter & Badger report for recommendations relating to these species

General Mitigation and Enhancement Measures 6.9 Any excavations or trenches created during construction should either be covered at night time, or include ramps to allow animals to escape if they should fall in.

6.10 Any external lighting used during construction should be switched off at night time to prevent disturbance to nocturnal animals.

6.11 Any proposed fencing should make use of permeable features that allow animals such as hedgehogs free movement around the site.

6.12 Measures should be put in place, during the construction phase to prevent the run- off of silt into the stream.

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Appendix A – PLANT SPECIES LISTS BY HABITAT The DAFOR scale is used to show the relative abundance of each species within each particular habitat such that: D = Dominant, A =Abundant, F = Frequent, O = Occasional, R= Rare. The qualifier “L” is sometimes used to mean locally so that e.g. LA means locally abundant.

Semi-improved Neutral Grassland (on earthbanks) (Phase 1 Habitat Code B2.2) Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance (English) Grasses Achillea millefolium Yarrow O Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Bellis perennis Daisy R Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed F Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass R Centranthus ruber Red Valerian R Arrhenatherum elatius Tall Oat-grass F Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Dactylis glomerata Cock’s-foot O Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle R Festuca rubra Red Fescue F Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk’s-beard O Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog F Epilobium hirsutum Greater Willowherb O Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass R Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony O Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass R (bare areas) Geranium molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill R Sedges Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy LF Carex muricata subsp. lamprocarpa Prickly Sedge R Hedera helix Ivy O Shrubs Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed LF Escallonia rubra Escallonia Hypochaeris radicata Cat’s-ear O Griselinia littoralis New Zealand Broadleaf Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Hypericum sp. St. John’s Wort Potentilla anserina Silverweed O Olearia macrodonta New Zealand Holy Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil O Rosa canina Dog rose Prunella vulgaris Self Heal O Rosa rugosa Japanese Rosa Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia Grey Willow Rumex acetosella Sheep’s-sorrel R Herbs Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock R Rubus ulmifolius Rumex crispus Curled Dock R

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Sedum anglicum English Stonecrop R Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort R Taraxacum officinale Dandilion R Trifolium pratense Red Clover R Urtica dioica Common Nettle O Veronica persica Common Field-speedwell R

Amenity Grassland (Between Toilet Block and Swamp) (J1.2) Name: Scientific (English) Name: English Abundance Name: Scientific (English) Name:English Abundance Grasses: Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A/D Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort R Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent O Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandilion O Dactylis glomerata Cock’s-foot R Trifolium repens White Clover LA Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog A/D Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass O Herbs: Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel R Bellis perennis Daisy O Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed O Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear R Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk’s-beard R Geranium molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Lotus corniculatus Bird’s-foot Trefoil R Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain F Plantago major Greater Plantain R Potentilla anserina Silverweed LF Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup O

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Amenity Grassland (Adjacent to Youth Hostel) (J1.2) Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance Grasses: Agrostis capillaris Common Bent A Festuca rubra Red Fescue A Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog O Lolium perene Perennial Ryegrass O Herbs: Achillea millefolium Yarrow LA Bellis perennis Daisy O Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed LA Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle LO Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk’s-beard O Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy LD Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed O Hypochaeris radicata Cat’s-ear O Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Potentilla anserina Silverweed LF Prunella vulgaris Self Heal O Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane LO Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup R Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort R Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle R Trifolium pratense Red Clover O Trifolium repens White Clover LA Viola riviniana Common Dog-violet R

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Swamp (Phase 1 Habitat Code: F1) Name: Scientific Name: English Abund Name: Scientific Name:English Abund ance ance Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore (sapling) R Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed LO Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent F Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling R Apium nodiflorum Fool’s Water-cress (in stream) R Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife R Arrhenatherum elatius Tall oat-grass A Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort (stream) R Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern R Phragmites australis Common Reed LD Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome LF Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart’s-tongue Fern R Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern R Carex riparia Greater Pond Sedge A Potentilla anserina Silverweed LF Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed R Rubus fruticosus Bramble F Circaea lutetiana Enchanter’s Nightshade R Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle LF Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Dipsacus fullonum Teasel R Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort R Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern R Silene dioica Red Campion R Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern R Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed (in stream) O Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern R Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort R Epilobium hirsutum Greater Willowherb O Trifolium repens White Clover R Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail O Urtica dioica Common Nettle A Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony LF Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet F Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy LF Hedera helix Ivy LF

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Tall Ruderal Herb (Phase 1 Habitat Code C3.1) Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog LD Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed LA Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock O Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed LA Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle LA/D Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort O Epilobium hirsutum Greater Willowherb LA Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain O Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel R Arrhenatherum elatius Tall Oat-grass LA Agrostis capillaris Creeping Bent O Festuca rubra Red Fescue O Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock O Caylstegia sepium Hedge Bindweed F Lotus corniculatus Bird’s-foot Trefoil O Urtica dioica Common Nettle LA Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica R Pteridium aquilinum Bracken O Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil R Hypochaeris radicata Cat’s-ear R Brassica nigra Black Mustard R Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle R Pulicaria dysenterica Fleabane LF

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Cleared Area In front of Youth Hostel (to allow view of the sea) Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort A Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy A Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony A Brassica nigra Black Mustard LA Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart’s-tongue Fern F Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock R Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy R Nigella damascena Love-in-a-mist R Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernell R

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Broad-leaved Semi-natural Woodland (A1.1.1) Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance Name: Scientific Name: English Abundance Woody Species: Herbs: Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore LD Hedera helix Ivy LA Corylus avellana Hazel O Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle F Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn O Urtica dioica Common Nettle LA Fraxinus excelsior Ash F Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy LA Populus alba White Poplar O Silene dioica Red Campion O Prunus spinosa Blackthorn O Geranium robertianum Herb Robert O Salix alba White Willow R Circaea lutetiana Enchanter’s Nightshade O Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia Grey Willow F Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies R Salix fragilis Crack Willow R Rumex sanguineus Wood Dock R Salix x sericans Broad-leaved Osier O Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart’s-tongue Fern LF Sambucus nigra Elder O Geum urbanum Wood Avens O Ulex europaeus Gorse R Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome O Scophularia auriculata Water Figwort R Crocosmia x crocosmiifolia Monbretia R Athyrium filix-femina Lady Fern R Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort R

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Appendix B: Location Plan and Survey Area (within the red line)

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Appendix C: Proposed Site Plan & Section

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Appendix D Car Park Detail with Position of Swales

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Appendix E Dry Swale Detail

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Appendix F – LEGAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 Planning Policy Wales (8th Ed. January 2016) (PPW) sets out the land use planning policies of Welsh Government. It provides the policy framework for the preparation of Local Development Plans. Chapter 5, Conserving and Improving the Natural Heritage and Coast, outlines Welsh Government’s objectives for the conservation and improvement of natural heritage.

3.2 Technical Advice Note 5 (TAN5) Nature Conservation and Planning (2009) The Planning Policy Wales (PPW) is supplemented by a series of Technical Advice Notes. TAN 5 provides guidance on how the land use planning system should contribute to protecting and enhancing biodiversity and geological conservation. It provides advice on areas including the key principles of positive planning for nature conservation, nature conservation in Local Development Plans and development management procedures. It also provides advice on development affecting designated sites and habitats, in addition to protected or priority habitats and species.

3.2.1 Key Principles include that the town and country planning system in Wales should integrate nature conservation into all planning decisions; that the town and country planning system should look for development to provide a net benefit for biodiversity conservation with no significant loss of habitats or populations of species, locally or nationally and that they should ensure that the UK’s international and national obligations for site, species and habitat protection are fully met in all planning decisions.

3.3 Local Planning Policy Local Development Plans (LDPs) must be produced by every Local Planning Authority in Wales. Any development proposal will be tested against the policies within the LDP. The LDPs follow the planning guidance provide in PPW, including biodiversity and natural heritage policies. These include:

 protecting designated sites and other areas of importance for biodiversity conservation  safeguarding protected species and priority species, including those listed in local biodiversity action plans  Retaining, creating and enhancing features of importance for biodiversity conservation where appropriate.

Local planning policies for Pembrokeshire For the precise wording of relevant local planning policies please refer back to the source documents. These have been considered whilst assessing the potential ecological constraints and opportunities identified by the desk study and field surveys and when assessing requirements for further surveys, design options and ecological mitigation as described in Section 6.

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Appendix G– Tables of information cross referenced with the text

Table 1 - Building and Tree bat roost potential Categories Potential Description of Buildings Description of Trees Known or confirmed Confirmed signs of bat presence/occupation (droppings, oily staining around Confirmed signs of bat presence/occupation entry points, insect remains, odour, scratching) and actual bat presence. (droppings, oily staining around entry points, insect remains, odour, scratching) and actual bat presence. High A structure with one or more potential roost sites that are obviously suitable A tree with one or more potential roost sites that for use by larger numbers of bats on a more regular basis and potentially for are obviously suitable for use by larger numbers longer periods of time due to their size, shelter, protection, conditions (e.g. of bats on a more regular basis and potentially for temperature, humidity, height above ground level, light levels or levels of longer periods of time due to their size, shelter, disturbance) and surrounding habitat. Can include structures with points of protection, conditions (e.g. temperature, access to the interior of the building and poorly maintained fabric providing humidity, height above ground level, light levels ready access points for bats into structures, but at the same time not or levels of disturbance) and surrounding habitat. draughty. Structures of traditional stone, brick or timber construction. Structures with large (>20 cm) roof timbers with mortice joints, cracks and holes. Structures of pre or early 20th century construction. Structures with large complicated and/or uncluttered roof spaces providing unobstructed flying spaces. Structures with weather boarding and/or hanging tiles with gaps. Structures with accessible south facing roofs. Structures with proximity to good foraging habitat such as woodland, wetland, water and /or good hedgerows. Moderate A structure with one or more potential roost sites that could be used by bats A tree with one or more potential roost sites that due to their size, shelter, protection, conditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, could be used by bats due to their size, shelter, height above ground level, light levels or levels of disturbance) and protection, conditions and surrounding habitat surrounding habitat but unlikely to support a roost of high conservation but unlikely to support a roost of high status. Can include structures with some potential to support roosting bats, conservation status. but fewer features than a high risk building. Features may include areas suitable for crevice dwelling and/or access points into structures. Some

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Potential Description of Buildings Description of Trees proximity to foraging habitat. Low A structure with one or more potential roost sites that could be used by Tree of sufficient size and age to contain potential individual bats opportunistically. However these potential roost sites do not roost features but with none seen from the provide enough space, shelter protection, appropriate conditions and/or ground or features seen have only very limited suitable habitat to be used on a regular basis or by large numbers of bats (i.e. appropriate conditions and/or suitable habitat to unlikely to be suitable for maternity or hibernation). be used on a regular basis or by large numbers of bats (i.e. unlikely to be suitable for maternity or hibernation

Negligible No features suitable for roosting bats. Can include structures constructed Trees with no potential to support bats from unsuitable materials e.g. prefabricated with steel and sheet material. Structure is draughty, light and cool buildings with no roosting opportunities. High levels of regular disturbance including external and/or internal lighting. Building is isolated from areas of foraging habitat.

Table 2 – Commuting and Foraging Habitat Potential Categories Commuting and Foraging Potential Descriptions High Continuous high quality habitat that is well connected to the wider landscape that is likely to be used regularly by commuting bats such as river valleys, streams, hedgerows, lines of trees and woodland edge. High Moderate Continuous habitat connected to the wider landscape that could be used by bats for commuting such as lines of trees and scrub or linked back gardens. Habitat that is connected to the wider landscape that could be used by bats for foraging such as trees, scrub, grassland or water. Low Habitat that could be used by small numbers of commuting bats such as a gappy hedgerow or un- vegetated stream, but isolated, i.e. not very well connected to the surrounding landscape by other habitat. Suitable, but isolated habitat that could be used by small number of foraging bats such as a lone tree (not in a parkland situation) or a patch of scrub. Negligible Negligible habitat features on site likely to be used by commuting or foraging bats.

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Appendix H – Disclaimer

Copyright and Intellectual Property  The copyright of ecology reports provided remain the property of the ecologist pending payment of the account in full.  We provide species data sets to the local Biodiversity Information Centre on an annual basis which will include any records from your survey (species and general location.)

Accuracy of information  Our ecologists are experienced and professional in their approach and work to published Professional Codes of Conduct (British Standard 42020:2013 “Biodiversity. Code of practice for planning and development” and CIEEM Guidelines for Ecological Report writing (2016) where appropriate. Ecologists are however working in the natural world which may be subject to rapid changes not under their control. The information they collect will be as accurate as possible based on the time of the year and the natural conditions they face but we, and they, cannot be held responsible for any changes which occur subsequently.  The company warrants that the reports supplied will be based on information collected using reasonable care and skill. In some cases data sets may be large and in such circumstances ecologists will make professional judgements on their analysis and presentation of data.  Most reports are valid for a maximum period of two years provided no significant changes have been made to the property or land use nearby.  It is possible that further survey work is recommended which would be the subject of additional fees. In this event the company and the ecologists cannot accept any liability if the client proceeds without acting on this advice.  Ecological reports provide information on the site as a whole and the company and the ecologists cannot be held responsible for the effects that the findings might have on any planning or developments proposed.

Confidentiality  The reports provided will be for the client’s sole use and for the purposes declared in the initial contact and confirmed in our quotation.  No other party may use, copy or rely on the report or any of its contents or conclusions without written confirmation from the author.  The company will maintain a copy of the reports, on behalf of the ecologist, in an electronic format. It will not be provided to any other person without the clients consent.  The bat survey data will be submitted to the West Wales Biodiversity Information Centre automatically unless otherwise requested Limitation of Liability  The company and its ecologist contractors shall not be held responsible for any claim arising out of any defect found in the service provided as a result of information provided which is subsequently found to be defective.

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Contacts between the company, its ecologists and the client shall be governed by the laws of England and Wales.

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APPENDIX I: References

REFERENCES The reference list for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal reports should include the standard references for each species or habitat as specified in IEEM Sources of Survey Methods (http://www.ieem.net/sources-ofsurvey-methods-sosm-).

All UK and legislation for countries within the UK can be viewed at: http://www.hmso.gov.uk/legis.htm,

Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services http://www.defra.gov.uk/publications/2011/08/19/pb13583-biodiversity-strategy-2020/

Defra (2007b) An Introductory Guide to Valuing Ecosystem Services. PB12852. Defra, London. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/policy/naturalenviron/ documents/eco-valuing.pdf (accessed 10 April 2010)

Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (2006) Guidelines for Ecological Impact Assessment in the (CIEEM website – as above) Institute of Environmental Assessment (1995)

Guidelines for Baseline Ecological Assessment. E & FN Spon. London. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Phase 1 Habitat Classification http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-4258

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2005)

The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland version 04, http://www.jncc.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=1584. Joint Nature Conservation Committee (2010)

Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey - a technique for environmental audit, ISBN 0 86139 636 8 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) – for further details visit http://www.maweb.org/en/About.aspx

Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act (2006) (http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2006/ukpga_20060016_en_1)

RSPB (2009) Birds of Conservation Concern 3.RSPB Sandy, Beds. http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/BoCC_tcm9-217852. Pdf

The National Planning Policy Framework http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/nppf

The Natural Choice: securing the value of nature http://www.official- documents.gov.uk/document/cm80/8082/8082.asp

Welsh Assembly Government (2009) Technical Advice Note (TAN) 5 - Nature Conservation and Planning

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