RI C H M O N D

T H E T H A M ES

RI H ARD A RNETT B LL D C G C . . . , . ,

K EEPER OF TH E PRINTED B OOKS I N . T H E B RITI S H M USE UM

L I ST O F I L L U ST R A T I O N S

PLATES

on H E e o n F wo o Richm d ill . tch d by J h ull d ,

Th e T f o m th e B u c c l e u h e n E e o m e . B o e ham s , r g Gard s tch d by Cl ugh r l y

o n H B B e u n En h e V e w f o . d T T . . ve H o n i r m Richm d ill y G arr tt , j gra by . us , R F B . . .

o n B e B T n e En ave T H n R . . o F B Richm d ridg y ur r gr d by . us , . .

I LLUSTRATI ONS I N TH E TE! T

n En v n Th e P e o . F o a n o ld alac , Richm d r m gra i g

o n h E n H o 1 The e . F o t e 6 8 Palac , Richm d r m tchi g by W . llar, 3

o n H and t h e e i n th e e v e n e e n C e n f e Richm d ill Palac S t th tury . A t r a Picture by

Vi n c k e nb o o m i n t h e F zw e C e it illiam M us um , ambridg

H e n V o t he Efli To no i n e n e e ry II . Fr m gy by rrigia W stmi st r Abb y

f o n F o a n En v n B 1 Th e P e o . alac Richm d r m gra i g by uck , 7 3 7

m n h e P e o n d D wn C o B o e e o f t . R ai s alac , Richm ra by l ugh r ml y

o n o e F om a e - o o D w n i n t he C e o e o n Richm d L dg . r Wat r c l ur ra i g rac C ll cti , B ritish M us e um ’ T - W B C oo e f e o o n e o e F o an En v n S . B n h ms s Summ r h us . r m gra i g by k , a t r G . ar ard

o n D wn o B o e Richm d Church . ra by Cl u gh r ml y

' ! o B n o n A R. Em e no H o u s n d H i . e o n o . . Sir J shua R y lds Richm ll y J Farri gt ,

ve T H o n R PE gra d by . us , . . .

En Th e V e w f o o n H B o e n o . v e T i r m Richm d ill . y Sir J shua R y lds gra d by .

H on R F B us , . . . ’ Th e T e an d o n H f o the E o f Ch o l mo n de l e s H o e 1 ham s Richm d ill , r m arl y us , 749 P E l n n R . . o n T e e F o a n o d E v n e d T H o . . . o e . Richm d h atr r m gra i g R pr uc d by us ,

o n d a e B B o wn 18 0 Richm Park G t . y J . r , 5

2 18 4 00 LI ST OF I LL USTR/I TI ONS

Th e e o e on P . D w n o B o e Whit L dg , Richm d ark ra by Cl ugh r ml y

Th e e o e o n P i n t h e e o f o o Whit L dg , Richm d ark , tim L rd Sidm uth

I n on P o o n ow Pe e wn Richm d ark l ki g t ards t rsham . D ra by Cl o u gh B ro ml ey

The Te e nd o . D wn o B o e rrac , Richm ra by Cl ugh r ml y

V ew f om on H B D e n i r Richm d ill . y P . Wi t

Th e V e w f o m o n H B T n e En n . e o e f o t h e v i r Richm d ill y ur r . R pr duc d r m gra i g

T o e T H o n R P . . E by J Wilm r , by . us , . . .

o n H an d t h e ld a d e o n B . D H n En v e Richm d ill Star Gart r . y J . ardi g . gra d by

T H o n R F B . us , . . .

The ld o a nd e . F o m D w n C n o e B e Star Gart r r a ra i g by aptai Gr s , ritish Mus um .

En v e T H o n R F B gra d by . us , . . .

T he w En e i n e f o . o n o e n t he . e F rry, ith Richm d L dg dista c A t r Marc Ricci

ve T H on R. F . B . gra d by . us , ’ T h D e o f u l h 18 2 n o w th e e e n e o f e e B c c e u s C o e . uk g ttag , 3 R sid c Sir J Whittak r

B n v T H n R F B E B . B En e . o . . . llis , art y G . ar ard . gra d by us , ’ T B he Thame s fr o m t h e D uk e o f B u cc l e u gh s Gard e n . y

En o n R F B ve T H . . . gra d by . us ,

T h e a B T B n e 18 2 En ve T a n Tw n E o . . . e d e . h m s ick ham y t y M ay s , 3 gra d by

T H o n R. F B . us , . .

w e Re i n a l e A f . . R. . on B e f o e wo e o . Richm d ridg , r m Isl rth M ad s A t r R R g ,

T n A h e O P P R . e K e w . B . ld alac at y aul Sa dby ,

K Wo o l l e t t e w G e n i n he E e e n e n B . ard s t ight th C tury . y W

R A. P e K e e o B D n e . w e . alac at built by G rg III . y W a i ll ,

K e w e n w n C o B o e Gr e . D ra by l ugh r ml y

Pe e D w n C o B o e t rsham Church . ra by l ugh r ml y

H am H o e D wn C o B o le us . ra by l ugh r m y ’ ld En v n Po e H o e Tw e n . F o a n o p s us , ick ham r m gra i g T P e . e o e . Tw n F o P n G . . ick e ham Church . r m a ri t by W ick tt R pr duc d by

H o n R F B us , . . .

n F B H o R. . T . En ve . R A. w e H . B n . Stra b rry ill y Paul Sa dby, gra d by us , T H F o a n o l d En v n . e o e . Th e G e w e . all ry, Stra b rry ill r m gra i g R pr duc d by B H o n R F . . us , . C H A P TE R I

T H E O L D PA LA C E A N D M O N A ST E R I ES

No t w o i n t h e w o n or e h lly busy rld, quit

B e n h v o o o t e e n o e . y d it , bl ms gard that I l

TH E SE lines of the poet express the sentiment which has always l guided monarchs , statesmen , and others engaged in the practica business

the of the world , in selection of retreats from the cares of government h and business . Hence some of the most delig tful spots on earth are

“ found in the Vicinity of great cities , where taste has taken advantage of

n . atural beauty , and converted fields and woods into parks and gardens l It may be , however , that the world has now seen almost the ast of such

fi r m i n u r ée Two m . causes ilitate strongly against their perpetuation

— the vast increase in the dimensions of modern cities , so infinitely beyond anything that could have been anticipated in past ages , and the r w still less expected acceleration of the means of t ansit , hich now enables recreation to be sought at considerable distances without relaxing the ’ ’

ff . sovereign s or the statesman s hold upon public a airs . Henry VII , the second founder of Richmond and the bestower of its present

No appellation , had a palace at Greenwich also . place could have seemed more appropriate for the residence of the sovereign of a great

— marine state , on the way to be the first sea power in the world ; and there , in fact , Queen Elizabeth by preference received foreign ambassadors . C By the time of harles II . , however , residence there had become

— impossible even to a less pleasure loving sovereign , and only the happy thought of Nell Gwynne (if it was hers) has preserved Greenwich as

R ff . an object of national pride and interest . ichmond has su ered less 6 RI CHM O ND ON TH E THAM ES

It will appear from the following pages how the creation of the park , and of the gardens of the adjacent Kew, while in a measure encouraging residence , have protected it from being utterly swamped by suburban extension and merely utilitarian encroachments . Yet its royal days are over ; its warmest admirers must acknowledge that the Sovereign is fitl more y established at Windsor , and that , should any change occur, it will rather be in the direction of greater remoteness from , than closer

t o proximity the capital . Its destiny in the future is that of a retreat a nd e playground for the people , esp cially for the metropolis, and great will be their shame and loss if they suffer it to be spoiled either by t he sinister interests or the meddlesome interference which are always conspiring against the beautiful . The particular qualification of Richmond for the country retreat ’ of a great city is tersely expressed in a line of Thomson s celebrated description

e e t h fi w Wh r e sil ve r Tham e s rst rural gro s .

The T particular wording is a little odd . homson seems to think that a river grows like a tree , from the widest part upwards . It would have been more correct to have said that below Richmond the silver stream

The l grows suburban . genera proposition , however , is correct ; and if we inquire why the demarcation between the poetry and the prose of the river should be thus marked at this point , the answer may be

— R H The N given in two words ichmond ill . peculiar favour of ature has here adorned the generally level banks of the stream with an eminence from which their beauties can be contemplated with a con summate felicity which could not have been surpassed if the site had been

t he the choice , and the hill creation , of the most accomplished human taste ; and man has not been backward in accepting the hint and em bellishi ng the ground t o an extent which it may be hoped will preserve it

isfi r em nt . as a spot for ever sacred from d gu e . By whom its beauty was 1 The R first remarked cannot be told . sites of oman villas are usually distinguished for the picturesqueness of the View they command , and as

1 To vo e e no w e e n o f n e e n e w e e o n e for o u r a id p rp tual ack l dgm ts i d bt d ss , stat c all ’ o on t o n n n and B Su r r e a nd t o t he o e o f o n bligati s Ma i g ray s y, hist ri s Richm d by

a nd n e o . Mr . Crisp Mr . Cha c ll r RI CHM O ND ON THE THAMES 7

R H London was a flourishing city in imperial times, ichmond ill is just the place where such a residence might have been expected . We R are not aware , however , that any oman remains have been found there . The appreciation of the A nglo - Saxon would be certain if the first name by which Richmond appears in history — Shene (still preserved as the name of an adjacent hamlet) , could be connected , as all historians S i se ne . and topographers do connect it , with the axon ,shining or beautiful But it is a safe rule to distrust the etymology which first offers itself as plausible . Whether the word is to be taken as a substantive or as an

t o r adjective , whether it is be understood as referring to the ve dant C lustre of the scenery , or , as amden will have it , to the splendour of the royal palaces erected on the spot , the derivation is equally alien

e t he to the genius of the language , and ther can be little doubt that

o f ev name is a corruption some term not yet traced . It may en be

N A —S orman , since the word does not occur in any nglo axon document neither does it appear in D omesday Book ; but in a Harleian manu

S S ene script , said to be of nearly equal antiquity , hene is spelt y , which S C S suggests that the adjoining yon onvent , the predecessor of yon House ,

n M S may not have been originally amed after ount ion . It is probably a token of the more settled condition to which England had attained

t o under Henry I . that he is the first monarch known have possessed S N a residence at hene , his orman predecessors having been kept con t i nu all y on the move by wars and commotions . It probably was little

. more than a country house ; for , some time after his death , the manor and ’ appurtenances appear to have been granted to John Belet , the king s

- S cup bearer . It may well be believed that tephen , whose reign was

' a continuous battle when he was not actually in captivity , found little ’ t o f S time or inclination enj oy the rural beauties o hene . Belet s family became extinct in the male line in the reign of Henry III . , and , after i i i i C var ous v c ss tudes , the manor reverted to the rown in the reign of I E . dward , who undoubtedly made it a royal residence , and must in all probability be regarded as the original founder of a royal palace Th . e 12 2 on the spot date of erection was probably between 9 , when S the Bishop of Bath and Wells died possessed of the manor of hene , and

I 0 M w 3 5 , when , according to atthe of Westminster, Edward received there the Scottish nobles who came to treat with him after the execution RI CHM OND ON THE THA MES

The of William Wallace . dates of various documents show that S Edward II . occasionally resided at hene ; and it was an especially

i i who 2 1 1 E . favour te res dence with dward III , died there on June , 3 7 7 , having only a fe w days previously received in it the French commis

si n r o e s who came to treat of peace . It was therefore within the precincts ’ S t of hene tha the painful scene occurred , if it really did occur, of the ’ A F king s desertion by his mistress , lice errers , who , finding his condition

the off l ; desperate , is said to have drawn rings his fingers and eft him ’ The stor v truth of the , however , and indeed the nature of the king s Th A . e relations with lice , are matters involved in much uncertainty preference which Edward had manifested for Shene was for a time ’

e R . ev n more marked under his successor , ichard II , who greatly enlarged

be au tified k e and it , and was ma ing it more and more of a royal r sidence , when his affection for it was converted into distaste by the death within A 1 its walls of his idolised consort , nne of Bohemia , June 7 , 3 94 . In the transport of his grief Richard is said to have commanded the palace S to be pulled down . uch a proceeding would be entirely in keeping ff with the impulsive , mutable , a ectionate and at the same time irascible S temperament which hakespeare , of whose own universal character similar

so feelings were not the least important constituents , has marvellously represented in his tragedy on the fate of this interesting and most

. T ffi unhappy sovereign here seems , however , no su cient authority

w o u t t he for the statement , hich probably grew of dilapidated condition into which the palace fell after its desertion by both R V ichard and his successor , Henry IV . It was rebuilt by Henry . , whose biographer, Elmham , describes his edifice as a delightful mansion , of curious and costly workmanship , and befitting the character and

The ffi condition of a king . dates of some o cial documents show that

1 2 1 . 1 1 6 Henry VI was residing here in 4 4 and 4 4 , and in 4 5 , upon d his becoming incapacitated for government , and the isturbances R D occasioned by the pretensions of ichard uke of York , he was sent S 1 . 6 to hene for quiet and security . Edward IV kept court here in 4 5 , and in the following year granted it to his queen , Elizabeth Woodville , for her life ; and here the princesses were educated under the tuition of

Lady Berners .

The e fifteenth century , intellectually one of the poor st periods in RI CHM O ND ON TH E THA ME S 9

Th w as m at e r ia ll d . e the history of England , y one of great evelopment ‘

earl y years of Henry VI . , indeed , are revealed by the Paston Letters as a time of great confusion and disorganisation from the weakness of the Government and the lawlessness and rapacity of strong—fist e d barons and the situation apparently became much worse during t he anarchy Th n . e and bloodshed of the ensui g civil wars evil , nevertheless , worked out its own cure by the destruction of the old feudal system and most

wa of the old hereditary families as a consequence of these rs , and the room thus afforded for the development of the new forces that had A been silently growing up . middle class emerged from the chaos , n with increased wealth , comparative culture , greatly enha ced standards

of comfort , and , in general , with the ideals and aspirations of the

modern age . One of the most evident external tokens of the new spirit was the gradual disappearance or dilapidation of the old castellated

strongholds , now no longer necessary as fortresses , and obsolete and

The inconvenient as dwellings . moated hall , a compromise between

the castle and the country house , takes their place ; and though the fl knight remains an in uential member of society , his military character

merges itself more and more in his character as country gentleman .

S n w peaki g roughly , the new era may be said to have come in ith the

accession of Edward IV . , whose policy it was to rely more upon the

The new nobility than the old , and upon the citizens than either .

complete extinction of civil strife under Henry VII . was exceedingly

favourable to these tendencies . In his reign the new spirit becomes unquestionably dominant , and it is symbolised in a striking way by S W the change which hene underwent at his hands . hat improve ments and extensions it may have received at the beginning of his reig n cannot now be known , but they were no doubt considerable , as three C years after his accession we find the ourt spending Whitsuntide there , “ M a 1 2 S and in y 4 9 hene is the place of a great and valiant justing ,

! the which endured by the space of a moneth , and was attended by what would in these days be considered a highly sensational circumstance .

A Sir controversy , having arisen between James Parker and Hugh

Vaughan respecting a coat of arms granted to the latter, which was ’ probably thought to encroach upon the former s privileges , the matter ’ t he was referred to arbitrament of a tilt , which was decided in Vaughan s I O RI CHM OND ON THE THAM ES

’ favour in the most conclusive manner by the giving way of his antagonist s

so helmet, and he was striken into the mouth , that his tongue was borne

‘ The so . into the hinder part of his head , and he died incontinently festivities had been preceded by a solemn thanksgiving for the expulsion M m S of the oors fro pain , and probably had a connection with that

'

b la Rzr bmorzd Fr om r mold En r a vi n . T e Pa ce . , g g

A d E l event . treaty had already been conclu ed between ng and and

S M C M 2 18 pain at edina del ampo on arch 7 , 4 9 , providing among other things for the marriage of the Prince of Wales and the Princess

C . A E atherine of ragon , afterwards so closely connected with ngland and Shene

The S t he great glory of hene , and acquisition of the name by which

t o it is now known , were nevertheless mainly owing what might have D been an irremediable calamity . One ecember night , the royal palace ,

12 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAM ES

at which Henry was then residing , was almost wholly destroyed by

The 1 fire . date usually assigned for this catastrophe is 4 9 7 , but this ’ Mr fB e r e nr o th s Ca lenda r o the Sta t e a er s seems impossible , for in g f p p ’ r el a t i ng t o neg oti a ti ons bet-ween Engla na a nd Spa i n is a letter from

S D e 1 1 8 the panish ambassador Puebla , dated July 5 , 4 9 , stating that

him ! i n t wo d the king has invited to , and days afterwar s is another letter actually dated from the place . It is clear, therefore , that Henry S H . A was then living at hene nother letter , from enry himself, is S 1 1 ' dated hene , June 5 9 9 , 4 ; and no further mention of the place

2 th S 10 1 H occurs until 5 eptember 5 , when enry writes from it under

RI C O N The 1 n M D . its new ame of H date of 4 99 , assigned to the disaster M Th r . C . e by risp , is therefore in all probability correct name of

R - H S ichmond was , as universally known , conferred by enry upon hene in memory of the title which he had himself borne before he came to

R . the crown , and was derived from the town of ichmond in Yorkshire He could not well have g iven the place of his predilection a stronger l token of his regard , and the sp endour of the buildings he erected l A appears to have been in strong contrast with his habitua parsimony . ’ 10 Ast ell s Anti u a r i a n manuscript , written in 5 3 , and printed in Grose and q

Re er tor enco m p y , gives a glowing account of the structure , girded and

a w passed with strong and mighty brick wall , barred and bent ith towers

and w in his each corner angle and also in his mid ay . His openings be

n stro g gates of double timber and heart of oak , stuck full of nails right

The d thick , and crossed with bars of iron . writer proceeds to ilate upon

n the courtyard , the windows looki g upon it , and the chambers to which

n r they belo g , and describes particularly the great hall with po traits

be t we e n the m of the kings of England windows , including our ost “ excellent and high sovereign Henry himself ; also the rich cloths

The of arras , representing many noble battles and sieges . decent and pleasant chapel is particularly described , and must assuredly have presented a glowing picture with its hangings of arras and cloth of gold , the gold and jewels encrusted in the altar , the emblazoned ceiling , and the mural paintings of such kings as were also saints .

The other rooms are glanced at , down to the scullery ; and the garden “ is said to be with many vines , seeds , and strange fruit right goodly M - beset . ention is also made of the arbours and summer houses with

RI CHM O ND ON THE THA MES I 5

provision for playing chess , tables , and cards ; also of bowling alleys , archery grounds , and tennis courts . One of the quaintest remarks

t o o n t o relates the vanes the towers , which are declared be equally

t o . pleasant see and hear upon a windy day Very little of this splendour , C it will be seen , remained when the Parliamentary ommissioners made

The their report in the seventeenth century . disappearance of furniture and tapestry is easily understood , but it must be feared that the mural f paintings had been submerged under coats o whitewash . The views of the palace engraved for this monograph afford an H excellent idea of its appearance , both as originally erected for enry VII . and of its external condition in the early part of the seventeenth century . T It is especially interesting as a udor structure , for , being entirely the H . no t e o r n erection of enry VII himself, and form d by adapting repairi g

e any difice already existing , it is an accurate index to the architectural taste of the time in domestic architecture , when the sole determining

t o factors were pleasure and convenience . It may be taken represent the l best ideal that , outside the domain of military and ecclesiastica

e archit cture , the taste of the time was capable of forming , and we see with pleasure that picture squeness must have been regarded as an essential T element in architecture . his object was fully attained by judicious colouring , oblong or diamond shaped patches of black brick having been originally superimposed upon a ground of warm red ; by the variety of

o f the outline , where the monotony the level frontage is broken up by the intermixture of semicircular towers sallying forward from the back ground ; by fine mullioned windows ; but especially by the forest of

no . turrets , which could have had other than a picturesque motive T ff ffi S hese o er a strong a nity to the aracenic type of architecture , which may well have influence d English taste through our then close co nnection

S t o with pain , and are indeed by no means unlike i n outline the

E - o gyptian mosque lamps , which form at the present day the j y of the

n o f collector of ancie t glass . In the neighbouring palace Hampton C C ourt , built by ardinal Wolsey twenty years later , the same type

The appears in a more chastened form . chief drawback to the generally ff good e ect of the building is its huddled appearance , arising principally from the narrowness of the projecting towers and the manner in which T they are crowded toge ther upon a not t o o extensive front . his 16 RI CHM OND ON THE THA MES

x t o impression is assisted by the close pro imity of the palace the river , and the blank prosaic style of its location on the bare ground without ’ apparent relief, except from the slight embankment at the water s edge

- and the raised terrace walk . It appears t o far more advantage in the l 16 8 other views we have engraved , the drawing by Hol ar dated 3 , and

Vi nck e nbo o m the fine old picture attributed to , which , from the details of costume , appears to be of about the same period . In these , provided

a with a foreground and a background , and shown , as it actu lly appeared , in due connection with the surrounding accessories which contributed to make up the entire picture , it appears as the dominant figure in a land ’ t o scape of extreme beauty, and we have only to reproduce the mind s

b e eye the freshness and colour of the landscape , the lu or silver of the rippling river , the green of the trees and pastures , the varying tints of s the sky again t which its pinnacles were outlined , the gliding boats and

t o i i picturesque costumes , imagine the charm of the scene for the V s tor

T . S under the udors or the early tuart sovereigns . Abundant testimony continues t o occur of the fame Richmond enjoyed among royal palaces , and the frequent residence of the sovereign . In 15 0 1 the marriage contract between Prince Arthur and Princess ’ C A atherine of ragon was concluded there , and after the Prince s death in the ensuing year it was assigned to his widow as a residence , and her 1 letters are frequently dated from it until the death of Henry in 5 0 9 .

c 10 6 He frequently appears as residing there himself, espe ially in 5 , when C E Philip , King of astile , having been driven to ngland by a storm , was l entertained for a considerable time at Richmond . Henry himse f d ied “ 1 1 m n A 2 0 . there on pril , 5 9 , in great cal of a consuming sick ess S elfish and avaricious , void of honour and even decency in his crooked

e political intrigues , this prudent monarch nevertheless conferred gr at benefits upon his kingdom , among which may be justly enumerated his care for the beautiful domain which his parsimony might have induced

The him to alienate . entries in his book of privy expenses seem to

t o indicate that he kept some kind of a menagerie , and he is said have deposited here some of the jewels in which he invested a portion of the a e cash which he wrung by tax tion from his subj cts , for their own S A b T good , as he explained to the panish m assador . hey would , he said . become disorderly if they were too well o ff. He did not think with RI CHM O ND ON THE THA MES 17

Cobbett that money should be left “ to fructify in the pockets of the people . VII Henry . and his successor not unnaturally became the subj ects of

Ge r sc he n 160 2 R legend , thus narrated by Friedrich , who , in , visited ich mond in the retinue of the D uke of Pomerania There were here manuscripts highly valued by Hea r t ens Oet a v ns among them were many curious things , amongst others a round mirror in which the king was said to see everything , and it was almost believed he

' ' é W f t rn f t r abe Henr VI I Fr orn f e E é Tor r i i a no zn e zn e A . y . fi gy y g y

s i r i t a m a mi l i a r em had a p f sitting in it , for the mirror broke to pieces the ’ t T moment af er the king s death . his king commanded that after his death his entrails should be taken out o f his body and thrown three

n S times against the wall , which gave rise to many stra ge rumours . ome ’ ’ a d eza rn say it was done out of great devotion . I reserve my j e and opinion about the mirror . We saw the apartment in which he expired ,

a also the three bloody marks on the wall , c used by fulfilling his last wish . “ ' In the apartment next to it , the above king s father kept a great fl treasure secretly hidden under the oor , and made his servant , to whom B 18 RI CHMOND ON THE THA MES

Henr i ens he confided it , swear not to reveal anything about this money to

Oet a v ns - , whose behaviour was rather wild , unless some great distress ’ l As . v should befal the realm , howe er , after his father s death the son

' st a dl a took to his with great diligence , the servant showed him the place , and this said treasure was spent in obtaining the costly tapestries in C Hampton ourt and the royal houses . It will have occurred to the judicious reader that the German traveller

Henr i cu s Oeta v ns has committed a slight mistake , for did not die at R m ich ond , but at Westminster . In fact , the curious stories about the

— sprinkling of the walls with blood , and the magic glass the latter also

he Ne ct anebu s related of t Egyptian king , , and other renowned magicians

— do not concern him , but Henry VII . , as unanimously attested by other ’ M r R German travellers , collected in . W . B . ye s learned and entertaining

n l a nd a s seen b F or ei ner s 16 0 6 Zi n er li n 16 10 E g y g , Grasser , ; g g , ; and 16 1 Eisenberg , 4 . Grasser tells us that the mirror was circular, and does not say that it was broken in his time but this is distinct ly stated by

. All - the other travellers . mention having seen the blood stains on the

no o wall , which , though English authority menti ns them , no doubt existed although the cause assigned for their origin is without question legendary , and was probably invented to account for their appearance . The tale of the hidden treasure is peculiar to Ger sche n ; it is perhaps connected with the remarkable piece of information imparted by Grasser , that “ the secret passages used by this king were first discovered under A Queen Elizabeth . legend , not mentioned by the German travellers , R that Henry VIII . beheld from an eminence near ichmond the rockets A which announced the execution of nne Boleyn , is refuted by the simple M circumstance that Anne was decapitated at nine in the morning . iss Strickland gets rid of the absurdity of the story by changing the rockets

into a gun . But it is demonstrable that the king must have been on that

The day at Wolf Hall in Wiltshire . story doubtless arose from the fact ’ of a knoll in Lord Errol s grounds , adjoining the park , an ancient ’ The S tumulus , being locally known as King s tanding , a name which C I it probably obtained from harles . , the creator of the park .

The death of Henry VII . did not diminish the favour in which C Richmond was held by royalty . Henry VIII . kept hristmas there in ’ Ne w D a 111 10 . 5 9 , the year of his accession On Year s y, 5 , a prince

2 0 RI CHM O ND ON THE THAMES

’ -in— and so have the ladies waiting , and their servants , and everybody else s All servants , and two hundred guards . these ladies and gentlemen sleep and have their apartments in the palace , and every one knows his own ’

. o wn room Every lord has a cook of his in the Queen s kitchen , and there are eighteen kitchens beside ; and so great is the bustle that every A . nd kitchen seems a piece of the infernal regions so , though the palaces are so large that the least of the few ' we have seen is larger and M has more and bigger rooms than the citadel of adrid , there are so many people to be lodged that it is hardly possible to find room for them all . From eighty to a hundred sheep are usually consumed every day in T the palace , and the sheep here are very big . hey also consume daily a dozen head of cattle , also very large and a dozen and a half of calves ,

— to say nothing of what comes from the chase venison , boars and T quantities of rabbits . hey drink more beer than there comes down

fl The water at Valladolid in a spring ood . ladies and some of the

An gentlemen put sugar into their wine . d there is very great racket and

A nd rumpus in the palace . though there are so many rooms they have D A T never given one to the uchess of lva . hey are the most ungrateful w people that ever ere seen , and would just as soon see the devil as a S T paniard . here are so many thieves among them that these go about

T . M by twenties . hey have no justice , and no fear of God ass is seldom said , and those who attend it do so against their will , except where

w . the Queen is , for she is a holy oman and fears God For us there is no justice ; we ar e admonished from His Maj esty to raise no question l about anything , but to put up with everything as ong as we are in the ” country .

Hence , although passing a hearty eulogium on the natural beauties of the England , which , he says , exactly confirm descriptions in the romances S of chivalry , our paniard concludes by declaring that it will be a blessed day when he finds himself back in Flanders in which sentiment English people , we may be sure , entirely coincided with him . The favour which Mary had shown to Richmond was even more

wh o conspicuously displayed by Elizabeth , not only frequently resided

She 16 16 there but kept a brilliant court . was there in 5 4 , 5 5 , and 16 18 1 5 7 , and in 5 selected it as the place of the entertainment of the D A m ambassadors of the uke of njou , with who she was carrying on one RI CHM O ND O N TH E THAMES 2 1 of the numerous insincere fiir tat io ns that distressed their objects and her A v . own subjects , but no doubt fa oured her political schemes banqueting

12 0 0 . hall was erected at a cost of J£ , and all was pomp and amusement R 11 1 8 1 It was at ichmond on October , 5 , that Elizabeth gave the Spanish ambassador the remarkable audience at which she addressed him

was with terrible insolence , and he informed her that she so beautiful “ She so fii ht that even lions would crouch before her . is vain and g y

’7 18 t he that her anger was at once soothed on hearing this . In 5 7 death

The warrant of Mary Queen of Scots was signed by her at Richmond .

t o D letters the eputy Lieutenants of the maritime counties , announcing

S A o ff the appearance of the panish rmada the coast , were dated from 1 Richmond in the following year . In 5 8 9 she resided there for a

The considerable time , the air having been prescribed for her health . prescription appears to have answered , since we are informed in a con “ m o r te porary letter that six seven galliards in a morning , besides

160 2 music and singing , is her ordinary exercise . In the French A R mbassador was entertained at ichmond , and in the following year

u a e S the great Q een , worn out by old g and the cares of tate , repaired thither to recover , as was hoped , but in truth to die . Her death took

M 2 1 VI S e 60 . plac on arch 4 , 3 , and her successor James of cotland T was immediately proclaimed King of England upon the spot . his R was the last memorable incident in the history of ichmond Palace , and the last pageant it saw was the melancholy one of the water procession which bore the body of Elizabeth to interment at West R — minster . James preferred Windsor to ichmond ; his heir apparent ,

e however , the idolised Princ Henry , frequently lived there , and was thought to have imbibed the seeds of his fatal illness by imprudent T T 16 1 bathing in the hames . hree years after his death ( 5 ) Prince C harles set up his court there , and formed a valuable collection of f . f pictures But the place was not a avourite one with him , and a ter coming to the throne he rarely visited it , though his sons were partly

The brought up in it . issue of the Civil War exposed it like other royal palaces to dilapidation at the hands of the victorious Parliament . The Vandalism of this and similar proceedings has affixed a deep stain on the Long Parliament in the opinion of antiquaries and artists . It must be owned , however , that it is not easy to see what other course 2 2 RI CHM O ND ON THE THA MES

R could have been adopted . oyal palaces , except when adapted for use f as public o fices , had become a solecism under the new order of things , i the edifices were too extens ve to be sold or let to private persons , and the idea of palaces for the people , whose artistic treasures should be

' of the general property the community , was scarcely formed in the seventeenth century . It is nevertheless the fact that the destruction R T not only of ichmond but of heobalds , Holmby , and so many other

s m o f royal re idences , and the dismantling of so any castles , memorials

ae the feudal and medi val period , to say nothing of the havoc of stained

e glass and monumental brass s in the churches , impaired the national treasure of picturesqueness as much as the destruction of the monasteries

i The had done n the preceding century . dispersion of the collection C of pictures formed by harles I . with such judgment and taste , though throwing the cultivation of the national taste back by generations , was probably regarded by all as an inevitable sequel of the abolition of royalty , and at all events saved the nation from the deeper disgrace which would have attended their almost certain conversion into money

M M The at the hands of the erry onarch . demolition of the palace by order of the authorities was at all events the means of our obtaining fuller information respecting it than would have existed if it had passed into

h t o d e ca . private ands or been left \ y From a full survey made by

authority of Parliament , which has been preserved , we learn many particulars tending t o complete the general impression derived from

The the Views which have been preserved . name by which the

was R C . palace was usually known , we learn , ichmond ourt It was ,

t o C — o n according the ommissioners , a two st ried buildi g , built of free

The ffi stone and roofed with lead . kitchens and domestic o ces seem Ch t o have occupied the whole of the lower storey . ief among these “ ’ The was one very l a rge room called the Great Buttery . upper “ ” fa r storey contained one y and large room called the Great Hall , t he dimensions of which are stated as 10 0 feet in length and 4 0 feet

in breadth . It had a screen , a gallery , a tiled floor , and eleven ornamental statues ; i t 18 stated to have been very well lighted and

d ffi so ceiled ; and yet , perhaps from the i culty of warming large an h apartment , it does not appear to ave had a fireplace . In lieu of this “ was in the midst a brick hearth for a charcoal fire , having a large RI CHM O ND ON TH E THAMES 2 3

The lanthorn in the roof of the hall fitted for that purpose . smoke

t he must surely have created very considerable inconvenience , and ’ no VII s peculiarity , which would have scandalised one in Henry .

e R time , may p rhaps account for the comparative disuse of ichmond by royalty as the requirements of civilisation became more exacting . The Commissioners confirm the accuracy of the views by further speaking of a third storey ; it would appear that some part of the T “ m . structure ust have been raised welve rooms , most of them ” T e . matted , are spok n of as existing on this storey hey were

— t o probably bed chambers , several of which are stated be extant ’ The D without any specification of the exact locality . uke of York s ’ t he II s - — m e n ( future James . ) bed chamber and school chamber are t io ned The , as are also apartments for pages . dimensions of the “ 6 0 chapel are given as 9 feet by 3 , with handsome cathedral seats and pews , a removable pulpit , and a fayre case of carved work for ” T e a pair of organs . here is also a detailed account of the Wardrob

Buildings , the only portion of the Palace of which any vestiges remain interesting for the enumeration of the various officers of the court

— quartered therein the cup bearer , carver, server , grooms of the privy

chande l r ff chamber , the spicery , y, co erer , the clerk of green cloth , apothecary , confectioner , housekeeper , wardrobe and wardrobe keeper ,

! - The porter , chaplains , and gentlemen of the bed chamber . particulars

ffi o f of the o ces are very minute , and suggest many curious points “ M o f note and query . ention is made of one very large fountain

St . Er v ans lead , which is believed to be the same as that now at , ’ Lord Windsor s seat in Glamorganshire . In describing the turrets C which make so conspicuous a figure in the view , the ommissioners

' “ ! t u r r e t t s become almost poetical Fourteen , which very much adorn and set forth the fabric of the whole structure , and are a very graceful ornament unto the whole house , being perspicuous to the country round ” R ” “ about . ichmond Green , it is added , contains twenty acres more l or less excellent land , to be depastured only with sheep ; it is we l

' turfed , level , and a special ornament to the Palace . It was planted with

113 elm trees . The value placed by the C ommissioners upon the materials ofRichmond

C 10 2 10 0 0 0 T ourt was , and it was sold for J£ , to homas 2 4 RI CHMOND ON TH E THAM ES

Ro o k e sb A o su bse y, William Goodwin , and dam Baynes , from wh m it

Sir N C I quently passed to Gregory orton , one of the judges of harles . , f m R o . A to rom who it was reclaimed at the estorati n ccording Fuller, i t l had been entire y razed , but this must be an exaggeration , for it was D M granted as a residence to the Queen owager , Henrietta aria , and she 1 66 . t o actually lived there till 5 It may , however , well be believed “ A t have been in an almost ruinous condi t ion . fter her departure o

t S France she made over her interest in the manor o ir Edward Villiers . ’ A t o D relative , Lady Frances Villiers , was governess the uke of York s

u children , who were established here nder her charge , but both his sons

Tbe Pa la e R lvrna r e o i e nd . F anz a n En r a vi n é B nek 1 f g g ! , 7 3 7 .

e 16 At Sir di d in 6 7 . a later date Edward Villiers resigned the manor ’ to the duke , then or shortly afterwards James II . James s son , the

u forlorn young Pretender , is said to have been brought p here for a

m . time , but , if so , the period ust have been very brief indeed Queen A nne wished to have the place as a site for the erection of a residence , i but , fa ling from the opposition of the lessee , appears to have let the

The l remainder as far as possible . ast reference to the Palace as in any manner existing is the mention of it by Strype in 17 2 0 as now decayed and parcelled out in tenements .

Th e ge n tl e Téa rnes

An d t h e n e n re e t e n gr e e sil t pastu s y r mai . It will be convenient to add to the history of Richmond Palace a short account of the more important of the various religious establish RI CHMO ND ON TH E THAM ES 2 5

R l ments which formerly existed at ichmond , as they are both roya and

The medi azv al . t S foundations mos considerable were the Priory of hene , S S N t . the unnery of Bridget , on the site where yon House stands at present , and the Friary . Th e Priory and the Nunnery owed their existence to the co nscie n

V t o tious scruples of Henry . , who , within a year of his coming the throne , founded both to expiate the guilt which his father Henry IV . had contracted by the dethronement and murder of his predecessor .

The C Priory was erected for forty monks of the arthusian Order , under A the name of The House of Jesus of Bethlehem at Sheen . ccording

A n to ubrey , the dimensions were very considerable , the great hall bei g n o less than 13 2 feet in length by 2 4 in width and the great quadrangle

The 3 60 feet by 10 0 ; with cloisters 6 0 0 feet long . endowment corresponded to the magnificence of the structure , and comprised the S proceeds of hene and Petersham weirs , as well as the privilege of

The annually importing four pipes of Gascony wine . principal events

ff wa s in its history are the sanctuary it a orded to Perkin Warbeck , who

a only given up upon condition that his life should be sp red ; and , if a l very doubtfu story be authentic , the deposition in it of the body of the

Scottish king J a mes IV . after his death at Flodden . It was suppressed 1 M in 5 3 9 , and although restored for a short time under ary , was again Th abandoned at the accession of Elizabeth . e monks are said to have

The C l retired to Flanders . Priory hurch is stated by the Par iamentary

C u ommissioners to be in a r inous condition it must , however , have for some time survived the dissolution of the monastery , if it be the fact that Leicester was here married to Am y Robsart in the presence E w A of King d ard VI . fter several changes of ownership , it became

Sir T the property of William emple , to whose residence on the spot we shall recur . Syon Nunnery was founded by Henry at the same time as Shene S t . Priory , for sixty nuns of the Order of Bridget , and enjoyed the ’ The same privileges as the other foundation . king s purpose is said to have been that devotion should be absolutely unintermittent , one com i menci ng as the other left o ff b u t t his would be hard to reconcile with monastic rule , and is probably a mere legend growing out of the proximity T of the two convents . here is no doubt , however , that Henry was a 2 6 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES

religious prince , and deeply sensible of the imperfection of his title , and his foundation of the convents at a place in which he so delighted is a S N proof of the interest which he took in them . yon unnery also was

H I . suppressed by enry VII , who reserved the gardens for his own use “ The l The third principa religious establishment , commonly called ” e Friary , was of later date than the others , having b en founded by

R ma i ns a t/Je Pa l a r e Ri eérnand D r a wn a ! l an /J B r omle e . C . f , ) g y

1 . H enry VII . about 4 9 9 as a convent of Observant Friars If a View

R n given by the historians of ichmo d is authentic , it was a handsome

o w edifice , in close pr ximity to the Palace , ith a fine church and extensive cloisters . It shared the general fate of religious houses at the dissolution of the monasteries .

2 8 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES respecting the earlier princes of the House of Hanover— but even the royal residence is more of a villa than a palace , and it becomes more and

t more of a retreat for priva e persons of distinction , whose varied characters contribute the more picturesque features to its history . One R circumstance , which greatly favoured the transformation of ichmond , was the extent of ground gained by the appropriation , not only of the ancient

had palace and monasteries , but of the ample enclosures which begirt

n a nd them , and which it was both co venient profitable to occupy with

A 2 16 . 8 handsome buildings Evelyn records in his diary , ugust 7 , 7 , ’ M r B r o u nck er s A S I dined at . Henry , at the bbey of heene , formerly a C monastery of arthusians , there yet remaining one of their solitary cells , l with a cross . Within this ample enclosure are several pretty vil as and ’ n m Sir T fine garde s of the ost excellent fruits , especially William emple s , and Lord Lisle , son to the Earl of Leicester , who has divers rare pictures

Sir T R there , above all that of Brian uke by Holbein . ichmond was clearly passing from the monarchical into the aristocratical period of its

C . history . harles II , indeed , bestowed the name of the town as a ducal

his title upon one of natural children , by whose descendants it is still N borne . But his favourite resort for recreation was ewmarket , and when he planned the erection of a new palace , the site was to have been 166 D . T at Winchester When , in 9 , the Grand uke of uscany travelled

C t o in England , he duly visited Hampton ourt , which he caused be

ma depicted by an artist in his train , and the beautiful drawing y be seen in the English translation of the elaborate account of his travels draw n

l o i M a l t i M a a tt . a ot up by g , one of his retinue g , however, though f su ficiently circumstantial as regards Hampton , says not a word about

R . it ichmond . Pepys names only thrice , and all his references are insignificant . Sir William Temple is undoubtedly one of the persons whose residence at Richmond has contributed to bestow intellectual distinction upon the town . He had , as already mentioned , become possessed of the S lease of the suppressed Priory at hene , and his residence dates from the 1666 A l year . mong the numerous elegant tastes of this high y

n accomplished man , the most engrossi g was that for the cultivation of

C . fruit and flowers , for which , indeed , the age of harles II was especially “ M ” 1 “ l . 66 distinguished y heart , he writes in 7 , is set on my ittle RI CHM OND ON THE THA MES 2 9

S while I corner at heen , that keep it no other disappointments will be sensible to me . I am contriving this summer how a succession of

M a M cherries may be compassed from y to ichaelmas , and how the riches

S -a— of heen vines may be improved by half dozen sorts , which are not ’ known here . In another letter he speaks of laying out a thousand

M 2 16 8 8 pounds upon his garden . Evelyn writes on arch 4 , ’ The After dinner we went to see Sir William Temple s . most

ar de ns . whe r e remarkable things are his orangery and g , the wall fruit t rees are most exquisitely nailed and trained , far better than I ever ” T S noted . emple had at this date resided regularly at hene for eight years , having settled entirely there after his renunciation of political life 1 a in 6 8 0 . His abode there led to the only import nt association of R T ichmond with William III . , who sometimes Visited emple to seek his

l s advice upon politica matter , and some of these visits may have been S M M paid while Temple lived at hene . ore were perhaps paid to oor T Park , not far from Godalming , whither emple retired under deep

n dejection from the death of his son , preferri g it , it is said , on account of T its greater distance from London . here he created another earthly “ ” The paradise , according to the notions of his day . grounds , says

M Si r acaulay , were laid out with the angular regularity which William

f - A had admired in the lower beds of Haarlem and the Hague . beautiful

f S the rivulet , lowing from the hills of urrey , bounded domain . But a straight canal which , bordered by a terrace , intersected the garden , was probably more admired by the lovers of the picturesque in that age “ T e here it was that the king met the eccentric , uncouth , disagreeabl

Sir young Irishman , who attended William as an amanuensis for board ” S and twenty pounds a year , whose name was Jonathan wift , and whom D he instructed in cutting asparagus after the utch fashion . R A But little is heard of the town of ichmond under Queen nne , except for the splendour of the mansion built or restored by the D uke of Ormond , after whose exile it passed to his brother , the

A 1 2 1 Earl of rran , who in 7 sold it to the Prince of Wales , afterwards

Th Car o line af r . e ter wa s , d , George II Princess , Queen conceived a great attachment to the place , and so it came to pass that the Prince ’ was residing there when the news of his father s death arrived in

England , and the scene took place described with such incomparable 3 0 RI CHM OND ON THE THAMES

T c ’ vividness , though not with extraordinary accuracy , in ha keray s

o F ou r Ge r g es . “ 1 1 2 In the afternoon of June 4 , 7 7 , two horsemen might have R been perceived galloping along the road from Chelsea to ichmond .

The - - foremost , cased in the jack boots of the period , was a broad faced ,

- jolly looking , and very corpulent cavalier ; but , by the manner in which he urged his horse , you might see that he was a bold as well R as a skilful rider . He speedily reached ichmond Lodge , and asked

The t o see the owner of the mansion . mistress of the house and her ladies , to whom our friend was admitted , said he could not be introduced

The to the master, however pressing the business might be . master was asleep after his dinner ; he always slept after his dinner ; and wo e

! N o u r be to the person who interrupted him evertheless , stout friend - ff of the jack boots put the a righted ladies aside , opened the forbidden door of the bedroom , where upon the bed lay a little gentleman and

— here the eager messenger lay down in his jack boots . “ He on the bed started up , and with many oaths and a strong

who . German accent asked who was there , and dared to disturb him ‘ ’ ir R The S . I am obert Walpole , said the messenger awakened ‘ Sir R sleeper hated obert Walpole . I have the honour to announce I M . to your ajesty that your royal father , King George , died at ’ Osnaburg on Saturday last .

n oi l i e ! M D a t i s o e g roared out his sacred ajesty .

This lively account is not entirely in accordance with fact . Lord ’ Si r R s e t o v Hervey, obert Walpole staunch adh rent , who is certain ha e

Sir R been correctly informed , tells us that when obert arrived the

Princess was with the Prince in his chamber , that he was immediately D D w announced by the uchess of orset and admitted ithout delay , and “ t o M that all he said was , I am come acquaint your ajesty with the “ No r death of your father . did the king , although extremely ” T surprised , utter the uncomplimentary ejaculation which hackeray has placed in his mouth , though what he did say must have been even ’ “ C less acceptable to Walpole s ears , Go to hiswick and take your ’ Sir S C directions from pencer ompton . History records how the ’ king s benevolent intentions towards Sir Spencer were reconsidered upon the discovery that Walpole was far better qualified to manage

RI CHM O ND ON THE THA MES 3 3

ff i e C his a airs , . . to extract money for the ivil List out of the country ; and that it was to this , and by no means to the comparatively

i insignificant qualification of being the wisest and ablest statesman of

The his day , that he owed the continuance of his premiership . history w has al ays excited indignation and ridicule ; in fact , however , there is

The more t o be said for George I I . than appears at first sight . great contests of the preceding century were being fought over again on a C petty and contracted arena . harles I . had been guilty of falsehood

e r fid and p y, not from natural inclination , or even weakness of character , but because he honestly believed such weapons allowable in conflict with rebels and traitors , in which light he regarded all who endeavoured to h s . i limit his prerogative George II . and queen , with their German

the education , were quite as firmly persuaded that revenue of the country was by right the private property of the sovereign , and naturally gauged the merits of a Prime Minister by his ability to help them to their own . ’ So able was Walpole s management , that Parliament bestowed upon R S the queen both ichmond Lodge and omerset House , together with “ “ u a year , just double , says Lord Hervey , what any Q een ’

e . U of England had ever had b fore pon the queen s fatal illness , ten t years af erwards , the king was so anxious to learn whether, by the terms R of the jointure , ichmond Lodge would pass to his abhorred son , that he

C o ff sent Lord Hervey to fetch the hancellor the bench , and ascertain his

- opinion . It appeared that the king had a life interest , and death

v interfered to pre ent the prince inheriting . We are indebted to Lord ’ Hervey s mordant pen for some curious glimpses both of the Lodge at “ ” The this time and of its royal occupants . king and queen , he says , “ were always so much in private at Richmond (and indeed the house would not allow them to be much in public) , that they saw nobody but ” “ . The their servants prospect of the royal palace , as engraved , does

- in indeed indicate a secluded , walled spot , but it would also seem as At though the public were in some degree admitted to the garden . a later period ( 17 5 2 ) the grounds were open during the summer by order of the king , whose respect for public rights , to his honour

u be it recorded , was so great that he ref sed to take steps to abate the

- nuisance of a brick kiln in troublesome proximity to the palace . In 3 4 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES

o another place Lord Hervey speaks of the thinness of the partiti ns , which allowed a conversation between the king and Lady Suffolk to be A 1 “ . o 2 R overheard fter the sessi n of 7 7 , the king went to ichmond , as he said , because it was an old acquaintance ; he went afterwards to C Hampton ourt and Windsor , as others said , because they were new ’ acquaintances . ! He had never been on visiting terms with his father . ] He would fain have persuaded both himself and other people that he loved leisure and retirement ; but whenever he tried them he was always uneasy and impatient to return to a circle , and never did retire in order to convince people he liked it , without convincing himself that he did m l not , and that he was no ore turned to live alone agreeab y to himself ” T than he was to live in company agreeably to other people . his passage is

v ma ni e de br i ll er a good example of the lo e of pointed antithesis and , which characterises the style of this most Gallicised of all our eminent authors , and frequently renders him untrustworthy by mere force of manner , when the substance would have passed without comment in the hands of a dull writer . The connection of Frederick Prince of Wales with Richmond will be

t The bes described in conjunction with Kew , where he resided . extremely bad terms on which he lived with his royal parents rarely allowed him to R show himself at ichmond Lodge , which was the special delight of C ” Queen aroline , at whose expense , says an inscription on a con “ temporary plan , it is made complete , being augmented with buildings and sundry large parcels of ground purchased to enlarge the garden , park , etc . , all curiously , and at no small expense , adorned in so exquisite a ” ’ The manner as renders it second to none in the kingdom . queen s decorations were in some respects more creditable to her enthusiasm than d to her taste . Everybody , it has been wisely said , shoul have one horse and one hobby , and the hobby of this sensible and practical woman was M ’ C . her erlin s ave , something between a grotto and a waxwork

- Externally , the cave was thatched , and if not awe inspiring , was

M r An . certainly uninviting , internally . engraving reproduced in ’ Chancellor s Hi st ory of Ri chmond represents a portentous scene of waxen n - magicians and knights standi g in niches , pre eminent among them

The M R e nce . erlin , who is delivering his wondrous glass globe to King y S theme and the accompanying verses are derived from penser , and the

3 6 RI CHMOND ON THE THA MES

. destroyed the whole , and converted the estate into a pasturage , for cattle

Brown , the royal gardener , was supposed to have brought this about , as Mason sings

o e e n o fi a nd w e e n C m th , pr li c art, ith th bri g Th e charms that ris e fro m thy e xhaustl e ss spri ng

To o n o e fo r se e n o e B o wn Richm d c m , , , u tut r d r D e o o e w o n e w e e o n e o wn str ys th s d rs that r c thy . Lo fro m his m e l o n gro u n d th e p e asan t slav e ’ H as e e a n d e ve e e n v e rud ly rush d l ll d M rli s ca ,

K n o e o wn t h e w e n w z e z e w n ck d d ax i ard , s i d his a d , Tra n sfo rm e d t o lawn s what lat e wa s fairyla n d ; An d marr e d w ith impi o us ha n d e ach s w e e t d e sign

O f e e n D a nd o o e e n C o n e St ph uck g d Qu ar li .

One probably unauthentic passage in the history of Richmond Lodge under George II . has , it is needless to say , obtained immortality in

' literat u re— the journey and pe t itio n of Jeanie D eans to Queen Caroline ’ S Hea r t o i dl othi a n told in cott s f M , although he erroneously places the lodge in the park ; and there is no evidence of Helen Walker , the real

n R prototype of the imaginary Jeanie , havi g ever visited ichmond , or

t having had an interview wi h the queen , although she undoubtedly saw A the D uke of Argyle . lively account of the feelings of the Court with ’ M emoi r s reference to the Porteous riots may be found in Lord Hervey s , ’ and fully justifies Scott s picture of the attitude assumed in the first instance by the queen towards the duke . R In the reign of George II . ichmond was rendered illustrious by the residence of the most distinguished poet who ever made it his permanent abode , but it does not seem to be precisely known when James T homson first became one of its inhabitants , and whether the line inscribed on his house

H e e T o o n n th e e o n a nd e n e r h ms sa g s as s , th ir cha g

“ is accurate in any respect . Winter , the first published of his cantos H S S . e on the easons , was written in cotland before he came to England was undoubtedly an inhabitant of the metropolis for some time after its 1 1 2 6 0 . publication in 7 , and the entire work was completed by 7 3 His

u R late r works were no do bt composed at ichmond , among them the only RI CHM OND ON THE THAMES 3 7

The Sea sons v one which , besides , gi es him a title to rank high as a poet ,

T e a I ndo nee T h C stle of le . his theme was exceedingly well adapted

’ Thomson s S mm - W a er honse . Fr om a n En r a vi n h B C oohe a t er G B a r na r d g g y . . , f . .

to his genius , if it is true that he might be seen in his garden on a

o ff summer afternoon with his hands in his pockets , browsing the tree

The upon the peaches which he was too lazy to gather . anecdote is 3 8 RI CHMOND ON THE THAM ES

corroborated by all we know of him , especially by the reminiscences of

i i i r r or 18 2 his goss p ng barber , preserved in the M for 3 , which convey a r lively picture of the lazy , co pulent , somewhat bibulous , but amiable and honourable bard , who , after all , overcame his natural sloth so far as to C produce a great deal of verse of the quality which oleridge , a kindred

not spirit in not a few respects , thought had on the whole better be produced .

B uildi ng up t h e rhym e Wh e n h e had b e tt e r far have str e tch e d his limbs

B e e o o i n n n fo e e sid a br k su y r st d ll , By su n o r m o o n li ght t o th e i n flu e n c e s O f shap e s a nd s o u n ds a nd shi fti ng e l e m e n ts

e n e n w o e o f o n Surr d ri g his h l spirit , his s g And o f his fam e fo rge tful so his fam e ’ o e i n e o Sh uld shar Natur s imm rtality, A ve n e rabl e thi ng a nd so his s o n g o e e ov e e a nd e f Sh uld mak all Natur l li r, its l B e o ve e e l d lik Natur .

n - We give , from a drawi g by Barnard , a View of the summer house

The Sea sons W where ere written , or supposed to have been written , beneath its umbrageous tree . ’ T homson s house is supposed to be preserved , but would appear to ’ be in the condition of the Irishman s gun with its new stock , new lock , and new barrel . Lord Buchan perpetuated his local memory by a brass tablet in the parish church , but for which the spot where his remains are deposited would have been forgotten ; for although the local historians

D r conjecture that his epitaph has been covered up by pews , . Johnson expressly informs us that there never was any , his memory having been deemed suffi ciently honoured by a cenotaph in Westminster Abbey The cause of his death is generally stated to have been cold taken on the

v ri er , but the barber asserts it to have been imprudent conviviality in the society of the actor Quin , aggravated by improper medicine . Quin , the c most eminent actor of his day after Garri k , is also to be enumerated R among distinguished ichmond residents . He must have been a terrible

o f personage in the eyes the reminiscent barber , who records of him

y One day he asked particularl if the razor was in good order , and ’ protested that he had as many barbers ears in his parlour at home as any RI CHMOND ON THE THAMES 3 9

’ boy had birds eggs on a string and swore t hat if I did not shave him smoothly he would add mine to the number . ’ T - Co homson s memory called forth the well known lines of llins , too D long , and disfigured by the absurd appellation of ruid bestowed on the dead poet , but distinguished nevertheless by a simplicity and nature T unusual at the period . hey certainly suggested , though probably quite “ ’ unconsciously , to Wordsworth his memorable Poet s Epitaph , and avowedly inspired the first lyrical verses he wrote , or at least published .

l h B r omle hnr eh D r a wn h C on . Ri ehmond C . y g y

These were composed at the age of nineteen , and being less known , may be cited here

G e e n fo r e ve e lid g tly, thus r glid , O Tham e s that o th e r bards may se e As l o ve ly v isi o n s by thy sid e

n o w f ve o e t o m e . As , air ri r, c m O e f e fo r e v e so glid , air str am r ,

Th e o o n e ow n y qui t s ul all b st i g, Till all o u r mi n ds fo r e v e r fl o w a r e fl o n As thy d e e p w at e rs n o w wi g .

V n o l— Ye t b e n o w o ai th u ght as th u art , That i n thy w at e rs may b e s e e n ’ Th e e o f o e e imag a p t s h art ,

H o w h o w o e n h o w e e n e ! bright , s l m , s r

o n e t h e Po e e Such as did c t bl ss , Wh o n e e e murmuri g h r a lat r ditty, RI CHM OND ON THE THAMES

C o uld fi nd n o r e fuge fr o m distr e ss B u t i n th e e e f o f mild r gri pity .

No w l e t w e fl o o n us , as at al g,

Fo r hi m e n th e n o a r susp d dashi g , And pray that n eve r child o f s o ng ’ w e o w o e May k no that Po t s s rro s m r .

H o w how t h e o n o n calm still ly s u d , Th e drippi ng o f th e o ar susp e n d e d

— Th e e v e n n n e e o n i g dark ss gath rs r u d , ’ v o e Po w e e n e B y irtu e s h li st rs att d d .

’ Si r oshna Re nolds Home on Ri ehmond Hill B Fa r i n t on R A . r . . y y y 7 . g ,

En r a ved b H nson R T. P E g y , . . .

The next important private resident at Richmond is Sir Joshua

R d n eynol s , and one more disti guished could hardly be found , but no

t o reminiscence of him connected with the place seems be recorded , M ’ except his having once met the king on a walk , and received His ajesty s M D congratulations on his election as ayor of Plympton in evonshire .

H Sir His house , now called Wick ouse , was built for him by William C hambers , but , although erected by the first architect of the day for the

' i v It first painter , was singularly unadorned and unattract e . is still standing , but the original brick has been entirely encased in stucco . RI CHMO ND ON THE THAME S 4 1

The local historians are certain that Sir Joshua must necessarily have

v brought down wits , poets , and painters from London , and ery probably he did , but no record of their proceedings remains . It is indeed probable R that his sojourns at ichmond mostly took place when town was empty , for a portrait painter of his eminence could not have afforded to be out of the way of his sitters during the London season . We give a repro d uction of his curiously ideal ised but beautiful “ View from Richmond

The Vi ew r om Ri ehmond Hi ll B S r s . i o h a Re olds f y 7 n yn .

E d h H s n r a ve T. n on R F B g y , . . .

Hill . It is just such as an Italian artist might have painted at home from recollection of the scene . A R nother important inhabitant of ichmond , whose connection with i R d the place probably commenced during the t me of eynolds , was indee

ff The D a man of a di erent class . uke of Queensberry exemplifies the ’ truth of Goethe s saying , that the final judgment of the world on any person depends greatly upon the character in which he last presents himself to its observation . In the popular estimate Queensberry is the ”

O . ld Q of the first decade of the nineteenth century , familiar to London 4 2 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES

n —b loungers as he sat in his balcony in Piccadilly , ogli g pretty passers y with the only eye available for this purpose , and , as was generally believed , with a saddled horse and a messenger in readiness t o pursue any woman ’ It or any horse so fortunate as to attract his Grace s especial notice . is surprising to be assured that in the opinion of those who knew him best the duke surpassed most men in shrewd common—sense ; and his correspondence with George Selwyn exhibits him in the light of a

- n The i n r mi sacr ifici . fi t ie s kind , staunch , and self g friend key to the of C his character seems to be that , like harles II . , he had an excess of common—sense unassociated with any ideal or patriotic aspiration which would have pointed out a befitting employment of his vast wealth a nd

The remarkable abilities . consequent course of selfish dissipation , relieved

m u nifice nt only by charities which , although , imposed no trouble upon the benefactor, gradually wore down an originally buoyant nature until the spirited youth became the sated voluptuary , one of whose sayings is almost the most impressive warning on record of the Nemesis which “ ” l The . W awaits those who live solely for p easure dinner , ilberforce ’ “ records of an occasion when he enjoyed the duke s hospitality , was T sumptuous , the views from the villa quite enchanting; and the hames ff ‘ in all its glory ; but the duke looked on with indi erence . What ’ ‘ m T m ? is there , he said , to make so uch of in the ha es I am quite fl f ’ weary of it there it goes , flow , ow, low , always the same . The villa where this tragic confession of mental decrepitude was uttered had been built in 17 0 8 by the Earl of Cholmondeley on the site D of the old Palace , and greatly improved by the uke of Queensberry ,

who filled it with choice statues and paintings , and one of the finest A collections of shells then extant . mong its curiosities was said to be the identical tapestry which had decorated the Court of Chancery during ’ Clarendon s chancellorship . It was abandoned by the duke about the end of the eighteenth century out of resentment for a lawsuit instituted

a gainst him by the inhabitants of Richmond for an illegal enclosure of T . he public land townsmen were quite right in protecting their property ,

even at the risk of alienating a wealthy benefactor , but the duke seems

ff and to have been unconscious of o ence , perhaps a little diplomacy At might not have been out of place . his death he bequeathed it to

M F a ni a ni , aria g a young lady of ambiguous paternity , whom the duke ,

RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES 4 5

who had no legitimate issue , chose to consider in the light of a daughter .

ew Lord Yarmouth complaisantly made her his wife , and was r arded by ’

l e at ee shi 2 0 0 00 0 . a residuary g p under the duke s will equivalent to J£ , M M aria thus ultimately became archioness of Hertford , but for excellent reasons always resided in Paris , and the unoccupied mansion was pulled down in 18 2 9 . Very different associations are connected wit h the names of Horace ’ M Walpole s friends , the fascinating and accomplished isses Berry , who did so much to brighten the last years of the veteran wit and virtuoso . His first acquaintance with them was made in 17 8 7 they soon became indispensable to him , and never strayed far from the spot where they

18 2 had known him . When , at length , in 5 , they were laid to rest in C C Petersham hurchyard , their epitaph , written by the Earl of arlisle , could say that they reposed “ amidst scenes which in life they had frequented and loved , followed by the tender regret of those who close the unbroken succession of friends devoted to them with fond affection ” — during every step of their long career . Few women at eighty two , M 18 “ the elder iss Berry had written in 4 5 , have so little to complain ” A R of. nother aged lady connected alike with ichmond and with the M M literary history of the eighteenth century was iss ary Langton , ’ daughter of Johnson s friend Bennet Langton and his own godchild , to whom , in her seventh year , he being himself in the last year of his life , “ M he addressed the pretty letter preserved by Boswell , commencing , y

M . Mr dearest iss Jenny When , nearly seventy years afterwards , . C R M risp , the historian of ichmond , called upon iss Langton by her invitation , he found her surrounded by Johnsonian relics , the letter , above all things , framed and glazed , the cup and saucer out of which he last drank his favourite beverage , the chair on which he usually sat , the

few table at which he generally wrote , a of the pictures which had ? originally ornamented the walls of his dwelling . Where are they now Yet another interesting female inhabitant of Richmond may be mentioned

H ofl a nd who N 1 8 . in the person of Barbara , died here in ovember 44 ’ Mr s H fl nd s . o a her ff The name is still preserved by a ecting story ,

Son o a Geni us u f , and her rep tati on would stand high if she had refused to defer to what now seems the intolerably artificial and stilted style

e S prescribed by the tast of her day for juvenile fiction . uch was not 4 6 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES her own preference ; her letters to M iss Mitford are among the best ’ published in the latter s voluminous correspondence , and reveal her as the possessor of a bright and lively talent . Her husband , the landscape

. fiand T C. H o m painter , is remembered as the author of one of the ost agreeable books on angling in the language , and is especially associated with Richmond as the painter of one of the best views of Richmond

Ri ehmond Th a t r F om a n old E r a vi Re r odneed h H son R P E e e r n n . T u . . . g g p y ,

Hill , which has unfortunately proved incapable of reproduction for

the illustration of this monograph . Among the more disting u ished residents at Richmond in the present

century must be named Edmund Kean , whose stormy career , comparable

M a cbeth to the description given of his own performance of , that it was

S 18 . like seeing hakespeare by flashes of lightning , terminated here in 3 3 For a considerable period during his later years he conducted the

R . ichmond theatre , where he had frequently acted in his palmy days At this period he appeared when o ff the stage but a shadow of his old

h im n self, and excited the compassion of those who saw creepi g about RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES 4 7

- supported by his celebrated agate handled stick ; but in the evening ,

A nt x u s— like , he regained his strength as he trod the familiar boards , and his Othello and Sir Giles Overreach were still instinct with passion and A R t . t o power ichmond , too , Kean was buried , followed the grave by almost all the representatives of the dramatic profession in London . ’ M dehnt R Lady artin made her at the little ichmond theatre , and it had fl 18 several ashes of success before its final disappearance in 84 . Our illustration shows its homely and almost rural appearance at the 1 60 . beginning of this century . It was built about 7 It had been

Pe nk e thm an 1 T C . preceded by theatres opened by in 74 9 and by . ibber The latter sought t o evade the penalties against unlicensed entertainments “ ” f A n under colour of an establishment for the sale of cephalic snu f. earlier place of amusement had been popular from the beginning of the R ” century under the name of ichmond Wells , which arose out of the 16 8 discovery of a medicinal spring in 9 , and was at one time very x popular, but having become the resort of low characters , was e tinguished as a nuisance about 17 8 0 . The l ast illustrious resident at Richmond to be mentioned is a great foreign statesman , who , like so many of his kind , put into England in M ’ R stress of politics . etternich s connection with ichmond was not m inti ate , and we name it chiefly for the sake of quoting the letter of ’ D israeli s , in which it is mentioned , and which shows that he also had thought ' of Richmond as a possible retreat

M a 1 y 8 49 .

He v s o n R o n n i n I hav b n t o se e M r n c h . l c h m d h m o s e ee ette i i e i Gree , t e t ha r m n h o s i n t he w o r ld all d t he O ld Palac — lo n l b a a d ns c i g u e , c e e g i r ry, g r e , h n o h o f h m I m e t h r t he D u c h ss o f Cam b d a n d t he everyt i g w rt y i . t e e e ri ge ll r e do s I am n ha n d w h R h m n d n w h h r an t a I Co o . c c o c s o s e te it i Gree , i , t ge y, ’ n o v r v n v f f n I v n o n I d o c ll c ha d b o o as ha b t o R h m d . t re e t e e i g isi te e re, te e ee ic s ik t o le I is a n d s r n k h o ld l t m h o s an d l v h r . s l l w ha m al u e y u e i e t e e t ti eet , c i g i e i n mm r a n d w n su e i ter . C H A P T E R III

T H E PA R K — T H E H I LL— T H E R I V ER

I T ff R a ords some presumption that ichmond Palace , from the time of l Edward I . until ong afterwards , was not regarded as a royal residence of the first class , that so little mention is made of the existence of any royal park , chase , or warren in connection with it . It cannot be con ce ive d that any Plantagenet king ever passed any considerable time without hunting , and opportunities for the enjoyment of sport cannot

1 2 8 A have been wholly wanting ; for when , in 5 , the French mbassador R was lodged at ichmond , he had permission to hunt in every one of ’ the king s parks there . Yet there was certainly no very extensive R domain at hand , and the inference seems to be that ichmond was looked upon rather as a retreat for occasional recreation than as a regular

l as residence . In the ear iest views we possess , the Palace appears though

e d plump d own on the bare ground , and devoid of any park , garden , or ornamental appendage of any kind , but this can only bespeak the rude ness of the artist . In an old View of the Palace , said to be taken from an ancient picture , deer are represented as being chased in an enclosure immediately contiguous to the Palace itself, but this probably proceeded ’ R from the artist s desire to embellish his work , or to depict ichmond as both palace and hunting - seat on the same principle which sometimes led the early painters t o represent several actions of the same person

The l upon a single canvas . anonymous writer , at east , to whom we

have already been obliged for. a description of the Old Palace when it

was a creation of yesterday , mentions an entertainment given by Henry

S 10 2 to panish envoys , probably in 5 , from which it appears that the green immediately fronting the Palace was used for shooting at targets ,

o f an r at y pa k ,

g chased i n an e nclom '

N ON TH RI CHM O D E THAMES 4 9

and that after witnessing the performance of the yeomen of the guard ,

W ; wanl ace s the party repaired to the park , here the king caused to be

And t made and the deer t o be brought about . here the Earl of H is - h payne strake a deer with his cross bow , and great slaug ter was of

e str au n er s A venison by the said g and brought into the quarry . ccording

M r to . Jesse , this old park appears to have been situated on the north

R no w east of ichmond , between what are called the royal gardens and

The C . the river . new Park was the acquisition of harles I 16 o Prior to about 3 4 it was an extensive tract , partly waste , kn wn as

h ' k i n S C v t e . hene hase , o er a portion of which g himself possessed rights “ The remainder consisted of a number of small farms and houses in private tenure , having extensive grounds attached to them with commons and waste lands belonging to the various parishes . It

C wh o so seems somewhat unaccountable that harles , in general showed

t o R t o little partiality ichmond , should have taken it into his head

— enclose this particular tract as a royal hunting ground , which would be of little service to him unless he were prepared to reside frequently on

N o t w the spot . only , ho ever , did he form the design , but , erecting without further ceremony a wall which made those who were unwilling ” to part with their estates more flexible , he adhered to it with such

T Co tt i n t o n tenacity that Laud , Juxon , and Lord reasurer g among them were unable t o dissuade him from a project manifestly impolitic at so C troublesome a time , and which larendon enumerates among the causes of C C . the ivil War By his obstinacy in carrying it out , harles became in

- r u n R the long one of the greatest benefactors ichmond has ever known , but there can be no doubt that its execution was attended with great injustice from the violent confiscation of common rights , and the de

0 0 0 e struction of farms and private residences , for which the J£4 paid wer

The t o probably a very inadequate compensation . commoners appear

A s have received none whatever . late as 166 2 the daughters of Lord

D The ysart are found petitioning on this account . following entry in

Ca l enda r o St a te Pa er s 2 16 si nifi the f p , January 5 , 3 7 , is exceedingly g “ ! M who cant Petition from the inhabitants of ortlake , desire to be relieved fi o m the ship - money assessment in regard his Majesty has

R Th e me t taken into his park at ichmond one half their lands . case is S ff by ordering the heri to make an abatement , and lay the sum upon D 5 0 RI CHMO ND ON TH E THAM ES

The some other part of the county . opposition of the owners and commoners was , however , at last quieted ; labourers were enlisted by ’ a n M 2 8 16 6 1 16 order dated arch , 3 , and on June 5 , 3 7 , the Earl of

The —o f- Portland was appointed the first ranger . old rights way were

— to t allowed to continue , and gates and step ladders were provided facilita e their exercise , a step which no doubt contributed to disarm opposition .

We hear nothing of any planting or embellishment , or even of any “

o . stocking with deer , th ugh this can hardly have been omitted It was ” a - bog and a harbour for deer stealers and vagabonds , says Horace C Walpole , speaking of its condition at the accession of George II . harles c a n hardly have made any use of it himself ; the year of the enclosure was also that of the commencement of civil strife by the resistance of the S cotch to his attempt to force the English Liturgy upon them . After ’ C harles s death the Parliament , to its honour , did not endeavour to turn C the domain into money , but presented it to the ity of London , one of the most truly enlightened acts recorded in the history of the seventeenth U . ffi C it t o century nfortunately , it cannot be a rmed that the ity turned a n y account for the public good , although its venison no doubt found its

C No R way to many a ity feast . sooner was the estoration a certainty , C C than , ere harles had landed , the ity hastened to restore it to him , as se ver at in g that it had been accepted for no other purpose , an assertion M M to which the erry onarch , among whose faults credulity is not

e d . numerated , doubtless accorde exactly as much credit as it deserved C t harles II . has little personal connection wi h the history of R S ichmond , although shortly after his accession we hear in the tate papers of I! 3 0 0 being paid for feeding the deer brought to the Park ’ ” for the king s disport , which probably necessitated the considerable

n expenses also incurred for building and repairi g the Park wall . In 166 8 it was ordered that the earth required for making bricks for t d u his purpose should be g in the Park itself, and furze and underwood

The o nl a ne cdot e C cut down for burning them . y which brings harles into contact with the Park is that of his having on one occasion. made it a blind by pretending a hunting party when the real business was to

No meet and appease Lady Castlemaine . other circumstance relating to t he Park under him and his immediate successors seems to be preserved ,

h r n r s The t e a e . except the names of ' g improvement and beauty of RI CHM O ND ON THE THAMES 5 1

. 12 the Park date from the accession of George II , who in October 7 7 R bestowed the rangership nominally upon obert , afterwards Earl of

Sir R Orford , eldest son of obert Walpole , but virtually upon Walpole

The N himself. minister , a orfolk country gentleman , who delighted in a country life and rural sports , carried out great improvements by draining and building at enormous cost the Great Lodge , pulled down

Ri ehmond Pa r h Ga te B B r own 18 0 . y 7 . , 5 .

about half a century ago . While in town he was accustomed to come S S h down for aturday and unday , to repose imself, as he said , but in fact ,

The as was thought , to work with less interruption . king , however ,

n would occasionally break in upon his retirement , for hunti g , accord ing to one account , according to another for shooting , and , if Horace ’

Walpole s word may be taken , by no means objected to libations of ’

. M punch If shooting was His ajesty s object , the game may very A l probably have been the merican wild turkeys , of which arge flocks T were kept in the Park about this period . hey were even t ually 5 2 RI CHM OND ON THE THA MES destroyed for the same reason as that which White in his Na tur a l Hi st ory of Selhor ne tells us induced Bishop Hoadley to give up keeping t he ff deer , sanguinary a rays which they occasioned between poachers A and gamekeepers . nother interesting race of feathered inhabitants , the herons , have alternately flourished and decayed at various periods , and their fate appears to be at present trembling in the balance . Walpole as virtual ranger did one thing which he had no right t o do , and which , after his time , gave occasion to one of the most picturesque passages in the history of Richmond . He violated the understanding ’ which had subsisted between the Crown and the public since the

- formation of the Park by Charles I . He took away the step ladders

which gave access over . the walls , and only allowed entrance through

The the gates , and this by ticket . tickets were probably at first issued with liberality ; at all events , no objection is recorded during 1 1 U the rangership of Lord Orford , who died in 7 5 . pon his death , ffi i A however, the o ce was conferred upon the Pr ncess melia , who from

a n illiber al the first adopted course , and before long entirely closed the

Park to the neighbourhood , granting a few tickets only to favoured individuals . Private remonstrances and appeals through the press R proving fruitless , the inhabitants of ichmond , encouraged , it is said ,

' D N who cer t ai nl by the uke of ewcastle , y did not love the Princess

A The melia , commenced a suit for the restoration of their rights .

i ff who nom nal plainti was a patriotic townsman , John Lewis , brewer , had caused himself to be technically assaulted by the Park - keeper C with the view of raising the question . ourt influence delayed the trial for three years , and when at length it came before the court , it would have been impossible to obtain a jury but for the spirited

n conduct of the j udge , who fined abse tees heavily, and got twelve a men fter waiting two hours . He showed the same determination in the hearing of the cause , sternly overruling the shifts and evasions of ’ the Princess s lawyers, and the result was a verdict which established the popular right . Justice Foster, whose uprightness on this occasion has made him renowned , was an almost unique example of a judge who attained to the Bench by an almost exclusively provincial practice .

Failing in Westminster Hall , he removed to Bristol , where he became recorder , and soon proved that , if not a great advocate , he possessed

5 6 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA M ES provided by public subscription at the instance of the incumbent of

Re v . T . the parish , the homas Wakefield , brother of Gilbert Wakefield Only one important event has since occurred in the annals of R ichmond Park , but it is one which will be always recorded in 1 . 2 8 history On June 3 , 94 , a prince and presumptive heir to the crown of England was born to the D uke and D uchess of York

t at the White Lodge , situated wi hin the precincts of the Park , and the D D D T . residence of the uke and uchess of eck , parents of the uchess In former times the Prince would probably have received the appella R tion of Edward of ichmond . Of . the political importance of the event it is unnecessary to speak , and it is attended by a unique “ N circumstance . ever before has a child been born while its great grandmother was still occupying the throne of England .

White Lodge , where the royal birth occurred , was built about

1 2 8 . 7 by George II , upon occasion of his making over the old lodge

Sir R C to obert Walpole . His queen , aroline , and his daughter , “ ’ ” A The D melia , both lived here , and Queen s rive , the long alley

cut through the wood and leading up to the Park , is named after

The the former . latter gave it up in disgust at the result of

the Richmond Park trial . Lord Bute succeeded her as ranger in

16 2 7 , and the house is said to have fallen into decay , but this seems scarcely reconcilable with the statement that the wings were added in s 16 . 7 7 . George III improved it considerably when he be towed it

A S . upon a favourite minister , ddington , afterwards Lord idmouth

A 18 0 Here Pitt visited ddington for the last time in 5 ; and here , six T N weeks before rafalgar , elson came to see him , and drew with wine ’ on the table the plan by which he proposed to break the enemy s line , A as he actually did . t a later period Queen Victoria retired here D for a time , after the death of the uchess of Kent . We give a view R of the formal structure , fitter for Park Lane than for ichmond Park , ’ S as it appeared in Lord idmouth s time . Another of the residences in the Park — Sheen Lodge - will be

v t o remembered after it shall ha e ceased exist as a building , as the

Sir R man residence of ichard Owen , the wonderful old with whom few conversed without learning something that they did not know , and would have regretted not to have known . It was given by the

RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES 5 7

Sir R Queen to ichard Owen as a residence during his life , at the n C i stance of the Prince onsort , and here he amused his last days with his garden and his favourite game of chess . In a map of 17 5 4 the “ The D o K t o cottage is styled g ennel , which leads the conjecture ’ Si that r Robert Walpole s kennels formerly stood there . On a similar ground , Pembroke Lodge , now indissolubly associated with the memory R of Earl ussell , is believed to have been , in the eighteenth century , ’ - Sir R w connected with mole catching . ichard O en s house , originally

ok a ds Pet r sha m D r a wn h Cl on h B r oml e . I n Ri ehmond Pa r h l o i ng t ow r e . y g y

’ R the head keeper s lodge , was inhabited under the egency by Governor A dam , the confidential friend of the Prince of Wales , who got up at Carlton House the dinner at which the Prince endeavoured to N penetrate the secret of the Waverley ovels . It is now occupied by the D uke of Fife .

Many of the zoological attractions of the Park are now no more . Eels no longer migrate in countless shoals from the Pen Ponds (so called from being close by the pens where the deer were fed) to the

The H m . river . erons are co paratively infrequent graceful sylvan squirrels were destroyed for the same reason a s the turkeys— the encouragement thus afforded t o tramps and bad characters to infest 5 8 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES the Park for the sake of killing and eating them ! Our r u ffi a ns now expect better fare , and the squirrels might surely be reintroduced

The n without much danger . si ging birds , however , are as of old , and continue to deserve the praise of Wordsworth , so generally known as a Lake Poet that it is almost forgotten that not his least productive period was passed in the south of England , and that many of his best poems are inspired by scenery and incidents south of the Humber !

Fam e t e lls o f grov e s — fr o m Engla n d fa r away Gr o ve s that i nspir e t h e Nighti ngal e t o trill And o e w e e o f m dulat ith subtl r ach skill ,

E e w e e n e h e r e v e -v n ls h r u match d , r aryi g lay Such b o ld r e p o rt I ve n tur e t o gai n say Fo r I ha ve h e ard t h e quir e o f Richm o n d H ill C n n w n e f e ha ti g, ith i d atigabl bill , Strai n s that r e call e d t o mi n d a dista n t day e n n e e o f e w o o Wh , haply u d r shad that sam d And scarc e ly c o n sci o us o f th e dashi ng o ars

e e e w e e n o e w ow o e Pli d st adily b t th s ill y sh r s , Th e sw e e t —s o ul e d Po e t o f t he S e as o n s st o o d e n n a n d e n n o n i n o o o List i g, list i g l g, raptur us m d ,

v n B o o n Ye h e a e ly irds t yo ur Pr ge it o rs .

t he fine sonnet , but for grievous prosiness of the fifth line .

From the Park the transition to the Hill is natural . Perhaps there is no other eminence in the world which has obtained so wide and deserved a celebrity for the beauty of the prospect with such

o f slender pretension on the score of elevation , abruptness , or boldness M natural features . any circumstances have concurred to create this

o f celebrity , above all , of course , the river , not only the loveliest r obj ects in itself, but the sou ce of the surpassing verdure and richness R of the scene . Leith Hill is far superior to ichmond Hill as an

eminence , and the prospect is much more extensive , but the thirsty

The R e ye finds only a couple of ponds . river from ichmond Hill

ff The t must have varied greatly at di erent periods . descrip ion of the

land enclosed by Charles I . for the Park shows that it must have been S for the most part ordinary urrey common , most picturesque in the

eye of the artist , but lacking most of the features now so indissolubly associated with Richmond that we almost assume that it must have At been created with them . a comparatively recent period the view

6 2 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES the View from the terrace about a cent u ry or so since ! before 18 6 6] will o w bserve that as the spectator stood to vie the prospect , no matter which part of the hill he might select for so doing , there was scarcely a single T tree , building , or otherwise , to impede a view down the river . here would not be any object whatever to prevent the eye ranging from the ’ ‘ ‘ A ’ hills of Epsom , majestic Windsor, round to the huge ugusta , ” many of its lofty buildings being from the spot distinctly visible . What the landscape has lost in extent it has gained in richness ; the i balance of advantage and disadvantage s not easily struck , but it must be remembered that many of the former features of the scene which are now invisible wear a less attractive appearance at the present day than

The they did in the eighteenth century . general character of the scene ’ is well rendered in the following passage from the B r it i sh Angler s

' a ua l T C H o fl an i n . . d M of , already mentioned as the pa nter of a celebrated picture of Richmond Hill The placid stream presents on o ne br i hte st ‘v er d u r e side emerald turf of the finest texture and g , lofty elms , interspersed with chestnuts , poplars , acacias , and all the lighter shrubs , shading noble mansions with hanging gardens , and elegant R cottages ; while on the other is seen the ancient village of ichmond ,

— rising terrace wise , and exhibiting every form of stately and of rural ’ A dwellings . mong the numerous travellers who have expressed their admiration of Richmond we m ay select the German Moritz w who , combining literary ardour ith passion for natural beauty , becomes , if possible , even too enthusiastic “ v R In every point of iew , he says , ichmond is assuredly one of i t T the first situations in the world . Here was that homson and Pope gleaned from nature all those beautiful passages with which their writings

o abound . Here I trod on the fresh , even , and s ft verdure which is to be seen only in England ; on one side of me lay a wood than which Nature T cannot produce a finer , and on the other the hames , with its shelvy bank and charming lawns rising like an amphitheatre , along which here and there one espies a picturesque white house , aspiring in majestic simplicity to pierce the dark foliage of surrounding trees , thus studding ’ S like stars in the galaxy t he r ich expanse of this charming vale . weet R l e ichmond , never , no never shall I forget that ovely evening wh n from thy fairy hills thou didst so hospitably smile on me , a poor, lonely ,

RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES 6 5

As I t r ave r se d insignificant stranger . to and fro thy meads , thy little swelling hills and flowery dells , and above all that queen of rivers thy T l own majestic hames , I forgot a l sublunary cares , and thought only of

a heaven and heavenly things . Happy , thrice happy am I , I ag in and

‘ ! again exclaimed , that I am here in Elysium S Before descending to the river, we may look at the tar and Garter , in its primitive form the subject of one of the illustrations in this

Ri ehmond H i ll a nd t he old Sta r a nd Ga r t er B D H a r di n . y 7 . . g .

En r a ved h H son R P E T. u . . . g y ,

The monograph . engraving is from a drawing by the antiquary Grose ,

e M ffi pres rved in the British useum , which su ciently indicates the humble beginnings of what has in our time been described as the most celebrated

The hotel in Britain . hotel buildings are indicated by the sheds , as they S appear , on the left hand , upon which the device of a tar and Garter

difli cu lt The w . as 1 8 can with some y be made out inn built in 7 3 , the year of the birth of George III . It was at first a mere house of enter t ai nment n it was long , we are told , before it could u dertake to provide ’

. 1 8 0 a night s lodging for a tourist Before 7 , however , it had become a

- two storied house of some pretensions , and towards the end of the century it was greatly enlarged and improved by an enterprising landlord named 66 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAM ES

’ , wh o Brewer overshot the mark , and ended his days in a debtors prison ,

A - 18 2 2 M r fter various vicissitudes , it entered in , under the direction of .

r d e str u c Joseph Ellis , upon a career of prosperity only inter upted by its

18 0 tion by fire in 7 , which calamity merely occasioned its reconstruction upon a more sumpt u ous scale . From the View the transition is easy to the river which forms its R most attractive feature , and without which ichmond would not have existed as the abode of royalty or as the holiday resort of the people .

The genealogy is unequivocal ; the river made the Palace , the Palace

. D M made the Park , and the Park made the playground uring the iddle

A Of The ges we hear but little the river . various fishing weirs upon it are mentioned , chiefly in connection with the nobles and monasteries to whom they were at various times assigned , and there are numerous proofs

f n of the importance of the erry , which is probably older than the tow . R For nearly seven centuries this ferry satisfied the inhabitants of ichmond .

An M R 1 2 0 engraving after a picture by arco icci , probably about 7 ,

— represents a busy scene , frequented by pleasure boats as well as the ferry ’ man s humble craft ; but towards the end of the third quarter of the T eighteenth century a demand arose fo r a bridge . his the lessee of the ferry wished to build at his own expense , recouping himself by a toll ; d and prepared a esign for a bridge with nine arches , partly stone and

M . The partly wood , a drawing of which is in the British useum inhabitants , naturally enough , deemed such a structure deficient in r solidity , and fu ther objected to the suggested site at the place of the T old ferry , on account of the inconvenience of the approach . heir arguments prevailed , and the existing bridge of five arches was built from M C C 1 the design of essrs . Paine and ouse . ommenced in 7 74 , it was

D 1 The i opened in ecember 7 7 7 . expense of erect on , about T was defrayed by money raised on the ontine system , a kind of life annuity which ceases on the death of the last surviving shareholder . T 18 ‘ his did not occur until 5 9 , when the bridge was declared free of toll ,

The and the gates were removed with much ceremony . structure has

Rev always been admired , although the lines of the local laureate , the . T M 1 ‘ homas aurice ( 7 5 4 a lazy , genial man of some repute as an

Orientalist , who was at one time an assistant librarian of the British

M ma useum , y be thought to err on the side of hyperbole

RI CHM OND ON THE THA MES 69

Mark wh e r e yo n b e aut e o us B ridge w ith m o d e st prid e ’ Throws its br o ad shad o w o e r t h e subje ct tid e

T e e e e n e a nd e n n e h r Attic l ga c str gth u it , ’ And fair prop o rti o n s charms th e e ye de light

T e e e f w e th e o e e n h r , grac ul hil spaci us arch s b d ,

No e e n o n e n o ffe n us l ss , glari g r am ts d Emb o w e r e d i n v e rdur e h e ap e d u n b o u n d e d r o u n d

Of ev e v e h u e e th e o n ry ari d that shad s gr u d , Its p o lish e d surfac e o f u n sulli e d whit e

e e n e e e o n t h e With h ight d lustr b ams up sight , Still l o ve li e r i n t h e shi n i ng fl o o d surv e y e d th e e e e o f o n n e Mid d p mass s surr u di g shad ,

e n w n n a nd n e o Glitt ri g ith brillia t ti ts bur ish d g ld ,

ov e t h e o f a r e o e Ab , cars l uxury r ll d, O o e e o t h e we n e r c mm rc , that uph lds althy tha , ’ Guid e s t o Augusta s t o we rs h e r cumbro us w ai n B e o w e f e n i n th e n o o n e l , r ul g t tid ray,

e i n t h e e e ze t h e e n e e Whil br silk str am rs play,

o n e i n o e o e A th usa d barks , array d g rg us prid , ’ B o n o e r t he f e o f h e n e u d sur ac t yi e ldi g tid .

l English poetry , taken as a whole , was probably never at a higher evel u w of t midity , or at a lo er level of bathos , than when compositions like ” the above petrifaction of a plodding brain , as Byron called the poem from which it is taken , were considered examples of correct taste , and

Re v T M poetasters like the . . aurice shared public favour with Hayley D and Erasmus arwin . Twickenham will come more appropriately into our concluding chapter, but some words may be given here to its islet , now so popularly

Eel known as Pie Island , that it would be vain to seek to restore the

f T The proper designation o wickenham Eyot . great abundance of eels in the river in former days has been already mentioned , and they may probably have been deemed de r ig u eu r at the picnics of which t his pretty island , now graced with an inn , must have been the scene since the river

t o has been dedicated pleasure and enjoyment . N obler fish than eels were , until a comparatively recent period , among the boasts and delights of the Thames at Richmond and elsewhere .

C ae ould the medi val denizens return , they would probably miss the Royal Palace much less than the salmon which in their day abounded in the waters ; the rather since the disappearance of the Palace is not

. unattended by compensations , but that of the salmon is unredeemed loss 7 0 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES

S team navigation , the enormous growth of London , and the consequent obstruction of the lower reaches of the river by a mass of impurity , could not possibly have entered into their calculations ; nor in their day were

- the hamlets which dotted the river bank here and there , little towns con

d e fil e me nt tributing their quota to the general , and permanently spoiling

As the river by the deposits of slimy ooze impregnated with sewage . we write , a porpoise which was for some time in possession of the river between Hammersmith and Twickenham has been inhospitably ’ M Tho r n cr o f s C . t destroyed by essrs y hands at hiswick , but a salmon has

The not the constitution of a porpoise . fish had become practically ’ 18 1 Cr ot ehet extinct by 3 , as appears from a conversation in Peacock s

C a stl e , published in that year .

Th s s M r . Cr otchet Tha sal mo n b fo o u d o o was c a h in t he am h . t e re y , ct r, ug t e t i m o n i n r g .

The Rev D r F olli ott H a rr o a i ! Rar o f r a r s A T ham s salm o n . . . wr ity i tie e a h h s m o n n No w r a e d v n i n fish o M o d n A h ns M . M c i c ug t t i r i g , Q y, e e y u r er t e m s ld Cedi t e Gr a il u t yie . , .

M r M a e u ed ir o u n o T s s o n has tw o . Eh o n i t s o w n d ham alm . s Q y , gr , y ur e v s o v r all o h r s ! fi ha is f sh an d s c o n d ha i s a fo r I , ; ; irt ue e t e rst t t it re , e , ! t t i t r re n d r an d u do n o ak half a d z i n a a u e s t yo t t e o en ye r .

T e Rev D F olli ot t I n so si r n o t o n e u d fi as- s h r m a . M l h d . . . e ye rs , , , t , g reg , lo k -w r a n d t he ma c h o f m n d d v lo d i n t he fo m o f o a ch n hav n d c ei s , r i , e e pe r p i g, e rui e h ma n o o h e f s t h fi h B u t w h n w e d a h a sal mo n ha t e t wh m all . e s . o ery , e c tc , ppy

M r H o fl and 18 ! T M . , writing in 3 9 , says hirty years ago , at ortlake , R and between Isleworth and ichmond , I have seen from ten to twenty salmon taken at a draught ; the last I saw caught in the Thames was in ”

18 2 0 . the year , but they have been occasionally taken since that time

The o w 18 10 ruin of the fishery , theref re , may be fixed as bet een and T 18 2 0 . , though no doubt it had long been declining hough locks are

Cr ot ehet Ca stl e disparaged in the passage from cited above , a word must R be said in praise of the new lock below ichmond , which has saved the

- river from becoming a succession of mud banks . I t is needless to add that those fish which do not ascend from the sea T continue abundant in the hames few rivers , indeed , are more

The productive . following passage from the chronicler Holinshed not only establishes the fecundity of the river in the sixteenth century , but is

No w interesting as an indirect proof of its commercial value in that age .

RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES 7 3

that the salmon have disappeared , and the other kinds of fish are but

n little eaten , netting is but rarely practised , a gling has become a sport ’ H o li n she d s instead of a trade , and it is easier than it was in day to ” defend the river from the insatiable avarice of the fishermen . “ T T his noble river , the hames , yieldeth not clots of gold as the

T l e ntie l e asant e agus doth , but an infinite p of excellent , sweet , and p fish , wherewith such as inhabit h eere unto her banks are fed and fu llie

’ The D nhe o B neel en h s C ott a e 18 2 now t he R si d o Wh t h li s a r t e ent e Si r i ta er El B . f g g , 3 ; f 7 . ,

B G B a r na r d En r a v d h ns F . B e T. H on R. y . g y , . .

l nourished . What should I speake of the fat and sweet Salmon dail e

l e nt ie taken in this streame , and that in such p after the time of the smelt be passed , and no river in Europe able to exceed it . What store of

T Pear che s S B r e ames R D Gu d i n s Barbels , routs , , melts , , oches , aces , g g , S . c o mmo nlie Flounders , hrimps , etc , are to be had therein , I refer me to them that know by experience better than I by reason of their daily trade of fishery in the same ; and albeit it seemeth from time to time to be , as

su ndr wise it were , defrauded in y of these her large commodities by the

b co m lai ne t h insatia le avarice of the fishermen . Yet this famous river p 74 RI CHMO ND ON TH E THA MES

commonly of no want , but the more it looseth at one time the more it

O ne lie yieldeth at another . in carpes it seemeth to be scant , though it is not long since that kind of fish was brought to England . Oh that this river might be spared but even one ye ar e from nets but alas ! then Th —fi shud manie a poore man be undone . e complaints of over shi ng were not new , for in the last year of Edward III . Parliament had petitioned the king to forbid certain kinds of engines , and nets below

M a a certain width of mesh , and to exact a close time from January to y,

t n which requests were complied with . Other peti io s respected abuses i alleged to exist concerning weirs , which proves the national mportance T attached to the hames .

The Sir R house of Joshua eynolds , overlooking the river from the

The hill , has already been mentioned . name of his great rival is also R “ D connected with ichmond , though not as a resident . uring the ’ “ summer months , says Gainsborough s biographer Fulcher , Gains

at R borough had lodgings ichmond , and spent his mornings and evenings

i n in sketching its very picturesque scenery . When his walks he saw

any peasant children that struck his fancy, he would send them to his

- painting room , leaving with their parents very substantial proofs of his

l o ne iberality . On occasion he met with a boy named John Hill , on

whom nature had bestowed a more than ordinary share of good looks , ’ in with an intelligence rarely found a woodman s cottage . Gainsborough ’ ’ i as u su al looked at the boy with a pa nter s eye , and , acting on the ff d impulse of the moment , o ere to take him home and provide for his

H was S future welfare . Jack ill at once arrayed in his unday best , and sent with the gentleman laden with as many virtuous precepts as would - A t have filled a copy book . fter a brief rial , notwithstanding , Jack ran ’

w . a ay , but not until he had been immortalised by the painter s pencil Two portraits , one representing Jack warming his hands at a fire in a ’ M r n lcher s cottage , the other in a wood with a cat , are enumerated in . F ’ The catalogue of Gainsborough s works . incident occurred not long ’ before Gainsborough s death after which M r s. Gainsborough obtained C Jack an admission to hrist s Hospital , where we lose sight of him .

Ke w Gainsborough himself was buried at , not from any local connection ,

but from his wish to be interred near his friend Joshua Kirby . The name of another illustrious artist associated with this part of the

7 6 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA M ES

T T R R hames is that of urner, whose views of ichmond Hill and ichmond

T all Bridge are reproduced in this monograph . urner , his life a lover T C of the hames , and who closed his eyes beside its waters at helsea , had

t he M H 18 0 8 18 12 18 1 lived at all , ammersmith , from to , and in 3 or

18 1 Sand co mb T 4 purchased y Lodge , wickenham , where he remained 1 8 2 6 . M T M r T Re v . r . until It is described by the . rimmer , in horn ’ “ T bury s biography , as an unpretending little place . here were several T models of ships in glass cases , to which urner had painted a sea and T background . hey much resembled the large vessels in his sea pieces .

R The S ichmond scenery greatly influenced his style . cotch firs (or stone R pine) around are in some of his large classical subjects , and ichmond ‘ ’ d The R landscape is ecidedly the basis of ise of Carthage . Here he ws had a long strip of land , planted by him so thickly with willo that his father , who delighted in the garden , complained that it was a mere

- T - osier bed . urner used to refresh his eye with the view of the boughs

- from his sitting room window .

Here the great artist , except when absent on his foreign tours , spent his time painting assiduously, often from the boat which he kept upon

fl -fishin the river ; and occasionally amusing himself by y g . He would bring his captures home alive to put into a pond which he had himself dug in the garden , and was much annoyed by discovering that some m ischievous person had introduced a pike . His aged father, the ex T ’ C . barber of ovent Garden , always lived with him urner s filial piety is one of the most agreeable traits in his character but the old gentleman ’ partly earned his maintenance by varnishing his son s pictures , and going

o A S up daily to pen the gallery in Queen nne treet . Like his son he t he was parsimonious , and expense weighed upon his mind until , as he w “ — related ith glee , I found out the inn where the market gardeners baited ’ their horses , I made friends with one on em , and now , for a glass of gin ” a day , he brings me up in his cart on the top of the vegetables .

C H A P T E R IV

K EW fi H A M — PET ER S H A M — TWI C K E N H A M — STR AW B E R R Y H I LL

To how many of the i n numerable visitors to Kew has the inquiry ? suggested itself, Why Kew What can be the origin of this queer little

? The C n u monosyllable name , rather hinese than E glish in so nd and a physiognomy , and more in character by the banks of the Ho ng Ho T than those of the hames , is at all events appropriately bestowed upon a place distinguished by a pagoda . When we find , however , that in the “ ” K a ho u h earliest records it is written y g , afterwards modified into “ ” “ Kaiho and Kayo , it becomes clear that it has been formed by it contraction from some longer word of less exotic appearance , and may “ ” afli n it be conjectured that the last syllable had an y with Hoe , as at ” Plymouth , and like this denoted a level by the waterside , while Kay ’ A may have been the name of some ancient proprietor , King rthur s seneschal , if the reader pleases . The vicinity of Kew to Richmond Palace naturally made it an Th Co . e C appendage to the urt Earl of Worcester , Lord High hamber t o I lain Henry VII , had a residence here and Leland , in a Latin poem ,

Chev a D S ff mentions a villa at , built by a steward of the uke of u olk , ’ h ad S ff who married the king s sister , and lived at u olk Place hard by . 1 In 5 9 5 the Lord Keeper is found residing here , and entertaining Queen T Elizabeth at dinner . he banquet was probably the least part of the

M t expense , for the Keeper found it advisable to present Her ajesty wi h diamonds , artfully conveyed in fans and nosegays , to a considerable value , which the Queen so approved that “ to grace his Lordship the more

; she , of herself, took from him a salt , a spoon , and a fork of fair agate w Kew is not , ho ever , named as a residence of any part of the royal 8 0 RI CHMOND ON THE THA MES

1 0 family until 7 3 , when Frederick , Prince of Wales , took a lease of the

Si r C . C property from the apel family Henry , afterwards Lord , apel (died

D r T even although . urner, the herbalist , is recorded to have had VI a garden of simples here in the reign of Edward . , may be regarded as

haVi n the original , though unintentional , founder of Kew Gardens , g “ t m r t etum crea ed an orangery and y warmly commended by Evelyn . His evergreens are described in a pamphlet on gardens near London by

' i n 1 1 onne r 6 . M J . Gibson , published 9 His c ction and successor , . S M amuel olyneux , was the first to give Kew a character in the other

’ ' rtme t o f~ scie nce « for he depa n which it is celebrated , for it was who

N 2 6 1 2 placed in his own house , ovember , 7 5 , the telescope for the o astron mer Bradley , by the aid of which his remarkable discovery of the

D 1 12 aberration of light was made , ecember 7 , 7 5 , though he did not

S 12 8 succeed in finally working it out until eptember 7 , when the clue

The was given by the casual remark of a boatman on the river . site is

- marked by a sun dial erected by William IV . Prince Frederick naturally ’ found it necessary to make very considerable alterations i n the Capels “ mansion , originally a long building in the Italian style of architecture ,

The very plain and uninteresting . form which it ultimately assumed is S D shown in the drawings by Paul andby and aniell , reproduced in our ” A e a . t monograph perspective view , taken appar ntly an early period of his residence , and bound up with the splendid illustrated copy of ’ M Snr r e M anning and Bray s y in the British useum , gives a lively idea of a very dead thing , the extreme formality of the plan of the grounds , which have , nevertheless , a certain congruity with the level , so uninteresting

fl o . o v er wed in itself, on which they are situated Ground so liable to be must surely at one time have been a swamp , and must owe its redemption

m edimval to forgotten heroes of the period , such as they who , probably T about the time of Henry II . , embanked the Essex shore of the hames .

The grounds were laid out by Kent , whose formal taste was shown not only in planning the gardens and plantations of the nobility about this

Y M . time , but in the geometrical pavement of ork inster

The history of Kew , in so far as it is connected with Prince

Frederick , mainly concerns the unfortunate misunderstandings between

The him and his parents . result was that when the prince was at Kew

t he C a nd his residence was centre of a little opposition ourt , was avoided

84 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES

1 or t a s Kewensi s death in 7 9 3 , and compiler of the H ) to establish a w botanical , or, as it was then termed , a physic garden , hich was laid out

16 1 Sir C in the following year . In 7 William hambers built for her 11 what was then the largest greenhouse in the country , 4 feet in length .

A Re v S. t perpetual spring and summer ! exclaims the . Hales . Wha a scene is here opened for improvements in greenhouse vegetation ! ”

The orangery was built in the same year . Even before the creation of “ ” the phy sic garden the grounds of Kew possessed great botanical

i n -1 8 — Sir l importance , for 7 5 John Hil was able to catalogue no fewer

0 0 l than 3 4 species of trees , shrubs , flowers , and herbs cu tivated

H R H D . in the garden of . . . the owager Princess of Wales at Kew In 17 6 1 numerous fine trees were transplanted to Kew from the D A grounds of the uke of rgyle at Whitton ; and the great pagoda ,

160 0 feet high and commanding a prospect of 4 miles circuit , was

16 2 The built in 7 . garden had undoubtedly owed much to the ’ taste and knowledge of the princess s favourite , the Earl of Bute ,

t who was not only an able and scientific bo anist , but made botany , - 1 i i apart from politics , the p r nc pal occupation of his life . He became Groom of the Stole to the young Prince of Wales on the death of his

ffi . father , and his o cial residence kept him continually upon the spot

was He had a fine botanical library and collection of dried plants , and “ l B ota ni ea l Ta hles himself the author , or at east the publisher , of , opus ’ l e n n s didu m Sir B an k s s D r a d er . p magis quam utile , says Joseph librarian y 1 2 0 . Only twelve copies were printed , one of which sold for as much as £ A n account of the buildings and gardens at Kew was published in 17 6 3 “ Sir C ! The E by William hambers , in which he says Physic or xotic

Garden cannot possibly be yet in its perfection , but from the great t bo anical learning of him who is the principal manager ! Lord Bute] , and the assiduity with which all curious productions are collected from every

part of the globe , without any regard to expense , it may be concluded that within a few years this will be the amplest and best collection of ” curious plants in Europe . Bute also took an important part in the “ ” The Ke w Sir improvement of the grounds . gardens of , says William “ C nor hambers , are not very large , is their situation by any means 1 b e e w as o th e e o f e fo r h e e i n o n e e n e It may add d that it als caus his d ath , di d c s qu c

o f i njur i e s r e c e i ve d i n climbi n g aft e r a rare pla n t on a cli ff n e ar C hristchurch . RI CHMOND ON THE THAMES 8 5

advantageous ; as it is low and commands no prospects . Originally the ground was one continued dead flat , the soil was in general barren , and without either wood or water . With so many disadvantages , it was not

b u t mu nifice n ce easy to produce anything tolerable in gardening ; princely , guided by a director equally skilled in cultivating the earth and in the

al ffi polite arts overcame l di culties . What was once a desert is now an Eden . Th e 1 2 . . princess died in 7 7 George III bought the freehold , and maintained the botanical character of the place with even more energy

Sir than his mother , but Lord Bute disappeared , and Joseph Banks reigned in his stead . We shall return to Kew Gardens , but the royal establishment claims first notice . ff George III . was partial to Kew from his a ection for his mother , and as the place where his infancy and boyhood had been spent . He had further cause to remember Kew Green as the spot where , riding to

London to give directions for the construction of an organ , he had been met by a private messenger bearing news of the death of his grandfather th and his consequent accession to the crown . With e reserve which always characterised him , he turned back , sent his horse to the ffi stable , and , enjoining silence on his attendant , awaited the o cial ’ A communication . fter his mother s death he resided as much M as possible at Kew Palace between ay and November . It is well known how plain and homely was the life he there led with his “ T M ” M “ r s. D consort . heir ajesties , says elany , rise at six , and call At two hours their own . eight the Prince of Wales and the Bishop of Osnaburgh ! known to history as the D uke of York] with the “ T princesses come to breakfast . hen the elder ones work , and the little ones are taken by their nurses to the royal gardens . In the afternoon the queen works , and the king reads to her . Once a week the king and queen , with their whole family in pairs , make the tour of the gardens . In the evening the children again pay their duty T before they go to bed . his routine , however , did not exclude amuse ments , but always of a sober cast ; and it can scarcely be wondered that the princes indemnified themselves when they at last obtained

As access to London society . boys they seem to have enjoyed them selves , working with their own hands in the gardens , and growing wheat , 8 6 RI CHM O ND ON THE THAMES

which they ground and baked and presented to their parents . Fanny ’ B u r ne s v y li ely picture of an exceedingly dull life , both at Windsor

t o S o . he and Kew , is well known to require quotation complains bitterly of the inconvenience of the old palace , which would scarcely l m have been inhabited by a monarch of ess ho ely tastes than George III . ff 1 8 8 - 8 It a orded him an asylum during his temporary insanity in 7 9 , M “ when , says iss Burney pathetically , the master of the house was not ” A ’ its owner . fter the king s recovery he continued to reside at Kew, but at length ( 18 0 3 ) pulled down the old palace as he had done the far C R a superior edifice of Queen aroline at ichmond . He repl ced it by a castellated mansion on the bank of the river , which did not prove a

Th isa . e i i d d d success S tuat on , immediately opposite Brentfor , was v a nt a e o u s g , and the views , which are all that remain of it , show that ’ - “ T it was but a poor specimen of Wyatt s pseudo Gothic . hough “ still unfinished , says Wraxall , unfurnished , and uninhabited , as it will probably ever remain , it presents to the eye an assemblage of towers A and turrets , forming a structure such as those in which riosto or

Sir Spenser depicture princesses detained by giants or enchanters . “ Richard Phillips ( 18 17 ) could not conceive the motive for preferring an external form which rendered it impracticable to construct within it ” more than a series of large closets , boudoirs and rooms with oratories . l i t 18 2 8 . George IV . pulled down in While it was building , the o d palace having been demolished , the royal family , when at Kew , resided in a house which has survived all the rest , and still bears the name of

so - e D palace , the call d Old utch House , a misnomer , since it is a Jacobean 1 C o 18 18 mansion bearing date 63 1. Here Queen harl tte died in , but

her presence in Kew at the time was accidental . ’ III s S . o active had George encouragement of botany been , that

upwards of six thousand trees , shrubs , and plants of all descriptions

are stated to have been introduced into England during his reign . He

Sir owed much to the constant assistance of Joseph Banks , who was l accused , and probably with justice , of illibera ity towards other botanists ’ and co ll e ct or s ffi , but who at all events , without any o cial position or pecuniary inducement , devoted time and money without stint to make

The Kew the first botanical garden in the world . number of collectors

sent out to all parts of the world during his administration , and

fi

‘N C ( / C fi RI CHIlI OND ON THE A S f C C r fi TH ME O C f f

C ‘ ’ ’ g a nt er at ed i he Mr Thi l n g n fi . se t o D f u , r e ‘ present director s yer s invaluable

H A Kew 18 1 Kew B ull eti n D 18 1 istorical ccount of to 4 ( , ecember 9 ) su fli cient l ff i y proves the vigour with which a airs were then carr ed on . ’ A I II . s n 1 1 M Thi l 8 0 r . se t o n fter George hopeless i sanity in , Kew , as D yer expresses it , went downhill for thirty years . George IV . and

. m The William IV , indeed , occasionally evinced a spas odic interest . R former, when egent , thought of establishing a library there ; and the

s o t latter , h r ly after his accession , expressed regret that he was too old to

Pa l a ee a t K w h i l t h G r W ll R e a eo e I I I . B . D a ni e A y g y , . .

build on the spot . But no collectors were sent out under the reign of R either , though something had been done under George IV . as egent . It may be significant that the period of his accession as king nearly

corresponded with the death of Sir Joseph Banks . It should be added t hat during the whole of this period the Gardens were more or less

open to the public .

A was fter the death of William IV . Professor Lindley directed by the Government to make an inquiry in conjunction with t wo practical

H is gardeners into the state of the Botanic Garden . report was not RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES 8 9

r in gene al very favourable , although he admitted the excellence of the A ustralian collections . For some reason this report was not presented

M a 18 0 to Parliament until y 4 , when the fate of the Garden had been 18 already determined . In 3 9 alarming reports were circulated that it was intended to break the Garden up altogether , and to divide the plants between the Royal Horticultural Society and the Royal Botanical

S The S ociety . Lord teward , it was said , proposed to convert the

- Botanic Garden into vineries and pine stoves . It was added that the Council of the Horticultural Society had received and declined an offer T m of plants . hese reports excited much indignation , anifested by articles in the press ; and the Government , called to account by Lord

A M 18 0 berdeen i n arch 4 , denied the existence of any such intention on their part , and hastened to give the best evidence of their sincerity by ’ transferring the Gardens from the Lord Chamberlain s department to the department of Woods and Forests , thus rendering them virtually

H e r M public property . It is believed that the interference of ajesty C and the Prince onsort had much to do with this fortunate decision , which started the Gardens upon a new career of energetic usefulness , and such an extension of space and development of attraction for the public as had never been dreamed of even in the golden days of George S . Sir III ince then there have been three directors , William Jackson

Sir D D The M r Thise lt o n . Hooker , Joseph alton Hooker , and . yer

Sir W 1- . 18 6 two latter are living Of illiam Hooker . ( 4 5 ) it is su fli cie nt to record that under him a garden o f 11 acres was

2 0 extended to 7 5 acres of botanic garden , and 7 acres of arbor

- etum and pleasure ground , and ten old conservatories and hothouses were replaced by twenty—fiv e houses of modern construction and considerably greater size . His herbarium , by far the richest ever ’ accumulated in one man s lifetime , was after his death purchased by the nation . By his enormous correspondence and prompt acknowledgment of assistance he maintained friendly relations with the Indian and Colonial governments , which in their turn reaped lasting benefits from the dis t r ibu t i o n of plants from Kew ( D i et i ona r y of Na ti ona l B i og r aphy ) . A part from royalty and the Botanic Garden , Kew may claim celebrity as the abode of many distinguished persons , especially artists . ’ Sir Le l s A Peter y house was on the site of the present herbarium . still 9 0 RI CHMO ND ON TH E THA MES

greater painter , Gainsborough , long lived and was ultimately interred M m Z ff here , near his friends eyer the iniaturist , and o any , an excellent

The portrait painter . reputation of Francis Bauer , draughtsman to the R d . r l oyal Gardens ( is most st ictly ocal , but still very high . ’ Niepce s experiments in photography were made at Kew in 18 2 7 under R S his countenance , and with most liberal support from the oyal ociety ,

w h l h ml r D r a n C ou B r o e . K ew G een. y g y

h then at a low ebb of usefulness , might ave anticipated the discovery of A Daguerre . mong eminent residents may be named two oddly

M r T s. contrasted people , rimmer , the mentor of British youth , and the

R C C L a eon everend aleb olton , author of and incumbent of the chapel

18 18 18 2 8 from to , when too little residence and too much gambling led to his deprivation .

The m Twi ck e n three Hams re ain for notice , Petersham , Ham , and ham . Of Petersham there is not much to be said , although it is the oldest of all the places commemorated in this sketch , being mentioned ff m in D omesday Book . It appears as an o shoot fro the Abbey of

9 2 RI CHMO ND ON TH E THA MES

18 vicissitudes of ownership , it was sold in 3 4 to the Woods and S Forests , and pulled down . udbrook Park , a neighbouring seat C R where anning once lived , and where the eform Bill is said to have D been drafted during the tenancy of Lord urham , after a transition A stage as a hydropathic establishment , has become a hotel . mong ’ distinguished residents at Petersham m ay be named Gay s D uchess of

her t m — Queensberry and poe , who possessed a su mer house here which

a m H ons D r a w h l o h B r omle n C u . H e . y g y boatmen are said to have been in the habit of palming o ff as ’ Th T . e homson s upon unwary voyagers sisters Berry , noticed in our second chapter, are interred at Petersham .

Ham House is in Petersham parish , although its name connects

Sir T it more nearly with the ancient hamlet of Ham . Built by homas

16 10 D Vavasour in , it came into the possession of the uke of Lauderdale and his still more celebrated duchess , a woman of great beauty and ” and greater parts , says the antagonistic Burnet , achieved undying historical notoriety as the reputed place of the meetings of the Cabal ’ II C s . A in Charles . time few years after the dissolution of the abal RI CHMOND ON THE THA MES 9 3

Ministry it is described by Evelyn as “ inferior to few of the best villas ’ in Italy itself ; the house furnished like a great prince s ; the parterres , w e flo er gardens , orang ries , groves , avenues , courts , statues , perspectives , fountains , aviaries , and all this at the banks of the sweetest river in the world , must needs be admirable . When , however , ten years afterwards , James II . was urged to go into honourable captivity here , M “ His ajesty discovered that Ham was a very ill winter house , being ” “ damp and unfurnished . It is now pronounced rather curious than

fine , but holds a high place among the historical houses of England D for its sets of apartments , those occupied by the uchess of Lauderdale

‘ remaining precisely as she l e ft t he m ; for its library with fourteen

S n Cax t o ns and other treasures ; for its original M . docume ts of the

C . . time of harles II and James II ; and for its portraits , many by Vandyke and Lely R T eturning. to the river , we find our way to wickenham lined S a . with memor ble houses , full of historical association yon House , S which omerset began to build on the site of the suppressed convent , m N passed fro him to his supplanter orthumberland , and remains in ’ D No r thu mber l a nd s the uke of family to this day . Its striking S appearance from the river is familiar to all . till more interest would

o attach , did it now exist , to an adj oining mansion nce the property of

Bacon , and pulled down in the present century , after undergoing changes of ownership which recall the epigram in the Greek A nthology ’ Cl e o n s wa s t o Cl e i to h on w a s o I , p s ld ’ A n o th e r s s o o n s o o n will a n o th e r h o ld e t h e e t o What ach calls his , but , pur truth say, ’ Fo n e a n d b e w rtu s I am I shall al ay .

C ambridge House , with its reminiscences of the accomplished owner ’ M in last century , Johnson s friend , and of Johnson himself ; arble Hill , M O where the arquis Wellesley resided for a time ; rleans House , long in the occupation of Louis Philippe as an exile , and afterwards , when ’ D u e d A u m ale the wheel of change had made another circuit , of the ; — T are the chief mansions along the river bank to wickenham , two of ’ whose classic residences demand a fuller notice . Pope s Villa , indeed , though still existing in name , has vanished from the earth , while Strawberry Hill remains ; but the fame of Twickenham is much more 94 RI CHMOND ON THE THA M ES

’ A S — o n - A intimately associated with the former . fter tratford von and t he Lake country, indeed , it would hardly be easy to discover a place or district in England more intimately associated with the name of a ’ T great author than wickenham is with Pope s . ’ In 17 18 Pope s imagination had been much occupied with plans for building and planting during his residence with Lord Bathurst , and in 17 19 he invested a portion of the proceeds of his translation of Homer T d in the purchase , from a urkey merchant name Vernon , of the long lease of a house and a few acres of land a little bit of ground ‘ of five “ s acres , says Horace Walpole , enclo ed with three lanes , and seeing ” l ‘ nothing . Pope twisted and twir ed and rhymed and harmonised this till it appeared two or three sweet little lawns Opening and opening beyond one another , and the whole surrounded with thick impenetrable woods . “ “ M Co u r ho e The r . t grounds , says p , were ultimately made to com

. l — n prise a shell temple , a arge mount , two small mounts , a bowling gree , ’ a quincunx , an obelisk in memory of the poet s mother, as well as hot ’ ” The houses and gardeners sheds . famous grotto , which performed the useful part of connecting the house with the grounds which had formerly

d n been divided from it by a roa , was made in the followi g year . Pope ,

D r n says . Johnson , extracted an orname t from an inconvenience , and n ” T vanity produced a grotto where ecessity forced a passage . here is an eloquent description of this grotto in a letter from Pope to Blunt ’ No 16 ff ( . in Elwin s edition) , in which he speaks of the happy e ect of seeing from it “ the sails in the river passing suddenly and vanishing as ff through a perspective glass . He is also proud of its sparkling e ect

when lighted up , a feature owing at the time to nothing more exceptional

- No t than the insertion in the wall of pieces of looking glass . long before “ u w his death , however , says Warburton , he had incr sted it ith a great ” o f number of ores and minerals the richest and rarest kinds , a statement confirmed by the views and curious account of it published shortly after hi s S A death by his gardener erle . mong the minerals there mentioned are M C ” silver ore from exico , gold ore from Peru , ornish diamonds , ame ” t h sts M o f y , bloodstones , and some very particular sorts of fossils . any

them are mentioned as the gifts of friends . If the taste thus displayed ’ seems somewhat childish , the same cannot be said of Pope s taste in laying

u out his miniature grounds , which act ally , perhaps too anxiously , attempted

9 6 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES

N ’ the imitation of ature , and conformed to Pope s own precepts in his

e r sificat io n verse . It is remarkable that he whose v was so balanced and u artificial , sho ld have been pleased with irregularity in landscape , and denounced the formality through which

G o ve n o t o o ve e e o e r ds gr , ach all y has its br th r,

f h n fl h e e An d hal t e gard e but r e e cts t o th r .

It was but natural that his ideas should have fai led to commend them

16 Sir selves to his successors in the property . In 7 0 William St anye r made alterations which drew upon him the objurgations of Horace

18 0 Walpole , and the villa was pulled down about 7 by the then possessor “ Lady Howe , who thereby earned the title of Queen of the Goths . ’ The new villa which arose in its stead was known as Pope s , and less

Te a— reverently as the caddy . It was not his , nor is it on the site of his ; although the celebrity it has acquired as the residence of a distinguished ’ politician from Northampton may remind us that Pope s villa too was a centre of politics during the disputes between George II . and his son ’ Frederick , Prince of Wales , and that conclaves of the latter s friends were frequently held there . “ ” “ r C emor i a ls o wi ckenha m All M . , says obbett in his M f T , that T wickenham has preserved of her greatest resident is , in the church , a W i grave here n his remains rest , impenetrably sealed up , and all traces of its exact site entirely hidden from view ; two words on a tablet , and a

— date ; and last of all , a monument remarkable for the pre eminent bad n taste of its inscriptio ; from this , during the restoration of the church

18 o ff in 5 9 , the whole of its marble laurel wreath was chipped bit by ’ Po om bit by wretches who wanted to possess a piece of pe s t h. Outside the church nothing remains but his grotto , now despoiled of most of ’ A T its former adornments . nother illustrious poet , ennyson , lived at Twickenham in 18 5 1and 18 5 2 ; but no record of his residence seems to remain beyond the account of a visit paid him t here by William

Allingham . T C We give a View of wickenham hurch , which has numbered two

— eminent men among its vicars Waterland , the celebrated writer on the T 16 1 T . rinity , and errick , Bishop of London from 7 4 to 7 7 7

As daybreak is sometimes preceded by a false appearance of dawn ,

10 0 RI CHMO ND ON THE THA MES

M “ acaulay , every apartment is a museum ; every piece of furniture is a curiosity ; there is something strange in the form of the shovel ; there ’ - is a lOng story belonging to the bell rope . Carrying out the parallel l M between the co lections and the collector , acaulay , whose general “ estimate of Walpole appears to us too low , admits that no man

— a who has written so much is so seldom tiresome compliment , we

Th Ga l r t a ill F om a ld E i r odneed h H son R P E l e S r wher r H . r n o n r a v n Re T. u . . e v . . y, g g p y ,

M l The may add , equally appropriate to acaulay himse f. world has now made up its mind about sham Gothic ; and instead of criticising

i — l et u s th s famous house from a nineteenth century point of view , rather profit by the statement of a contemporary writer (Miss Pye ! A Shor t Accou nt of the Pr i neip a l Sea ts a nd Ga r dens i n a nd a hont Twi eleenha m) “ ’ M r that . Walpole s house represents an ancient abbey , and the inside ” ’ is quite answerable to its venerable aspect . Within , the lady s attention seems to have been chiefly attracted by a remarkable bed , RI CHMOND ON TH E THA M ES 10 1

“ ! Th e but she adds windows are all painted , and so exquisitely , that

l — n The they seem t o promise a reviva of this long forgotte art . library contains a fine collection of books , and is entirely calculated for learned retirement and contemplation . You are struck with awe

The at entering it . pretty booklet from which this extract is taken S has been conjectured to have been printed at the trawberry Hill Press , ’ M r H but does not appear in . . B . Wheatley s catalogue of its produc

B i hli o r a hi ea d tions in g p , and it can har ly be believed that the fastidious amateur would have passed so many eccentri cities i n orthography .

T e 1 his press , establish d in 7 5 7 at an adjoining house , was a constant source of trouble and expense to Walpole , but , although many of its

* o ccasi onal o t her s do . productions were trifling or , him much honour

M r ! H e eni us l oei . e u Of the g himself, Wheatl y observes with j stice was considered effeminate in his own day ‘ because he devoted himself w to the collection of things of beauty ith great taste and judgment ,

The S but now his prescience is j ustified . sale at trawberry Hill in

18 2 18 6 4 created a great sensation , but in 9 it would create a still ’ ’ l ‘ greater one , and the contents of Wa pole s castle would now probably sell for at least four times as much as the thirty - three ” thousand pounds then realised . Would , then , the china bowl in “ S ” which the pensive elima , immortalised by Gray , found a watery

2 16 8 ? As grave , which then produced £ 4 , now produce £ admirers

l . of the fe ine species , we hope so The origin of Strawberry Hill was suffi ciently humble ; it arose out of a lodging - house built in 16 9 8 by a coachman of the Earl of

12 0 Bradford . It must soon have been enlarged , having between 7 and

1 0 T 7 3 served as a summer retreat for that princely prelate , albot , Bishop D M C of urham , who was followed by the arquis of arnarvon . Walpole “ 1 acquired the rural bij ou , as he calls it , in 74 7 , and set himself to M remodel it , so as to give it the venerable air which so impressed iss “ . M r C Pye thirteen years afterwards Whatever , observes . hancellor , “ may be said about the trumperiness or defective taste exhibited in ‘ ’ Th e C m astle , as Walpole delighted to call it , it had one erit , that of E consistency . verything was in keeping , the internal arrangements and the external decorations were all Gothic— Gothic of a filigree nature ” ’

o u . At if y will , but still Gothic Walpole s death he left the house 10 2 RI CHMO ND ON THE THAMES to his cousin Marshal Conway and the Countess of Ailesbu r y du ring M D r s. their lives , and then to their daughter , amer , who lived there

18 2 8 she Sir until , when removed to York House , now the residence of

M u D ff Wal e r a e S d v . o ntstuart Grant u , and trawberry Hill passed to Lord g After the sale in 184 2 the late gifted and popular Countess of Walde grave made it again a brilliant resort duri ng her life ; it is now the

o f S The property Baron tern . very charms of the district we have ff been describing , and the temptation a orded to successive generations to fix their habitations in it , have conduced to more rapid and frequent changes of ownership , and consequent renovations , dilapidations , and

war ff obliterations, than the scourges of and revolution have e ected in S T less favoured lands . uch will ever be the case so long as the hames ,

D u regardless of the ennui of the uke of Q eensberry , continues to flow ,

flow , flow , provided that the stream of national prosperity continues to

flow with it .

104 I ND E!

K E N E n 6 P o f C e 16 Te D e a nd D e o f A , dmu d , 4 , 47 hilip astil , ck , uk uch ss , Ke n D e o f 6 Po e n D e of 1 6 t , uch ss , 5 m ra ia , uk , 7 5 K e n e 8 0 Po e e n e 6 2 - 6 Te e 2 t (archit ct) , p , Al xa d r, , 9 3 9 mpl , Sir William , 5 , K e w 6 8 0 - 0 Po n E o f 0 2 8 2 , , 3 4, 74, 79 , 9 rtla d , arl , 5 , 9 P n e C o n o Th e 8 Te n n o n 6 ri c s rt , , 5 7, 9 ys , 9 NGTON B e n n e P e D e 12 Te B o 6 LA , t , 4 5 u bla, , rric k , ish p , 9 n o n P e 100 10 1 T e 0 La gt , Miss Mary, 4 5 y , Miss , , hack ray, 3 o T o o n e 6 6- Laud, Archbish p , 49 h ms , Jam s , , 3 3 9 , e e D e o f 2 6 1 6 2 2 Laud rdal , uch ss , 9 , J EENSB ERRY D e o f 2 , , 9 Q , uch ss , 9 T e 0 9 3 i e e n sb e r r D e o f 1 rimm r, Mrs . , 9 Q y, uk , 4 , e e D e o f 2 T ne M 6 Laud rdal , uk , 9 ur r, J . W . . , 7 e e e E o f 2 8 T n 8 0 e D r . L ic st r , arl , ur r, , e n o e T n n D e o f 2 8 L la d (p t) , 79 usca y, Gra d uk , e Pe e 0 Tw e n 6 6 0 L ly, ir t r, 9 , 9 3 , 9, 7 , 9 , S EY NOL S o 0 ick ham , ir J shua , 4 , e w o n 2 R D S 5 L is , J h , 5 1 9 3 48 4 , 74 n e P o fe o 8 8 Li dl y, r ss r, o 6 6 icci , Marc , e o 2 8 R V N Y K E Lisl , L rd, M 8 A D , 9 3 ichard . , o P e R V n H L uis hilipp , 9 3 augha , ugh , 9 h o n o See ic m d C urt . ich R R V v o T o 2 a as ur, Sir h mas , 9 m o n d Palac e C U L Y 2 100 V o i e e n 6 8 MA A A , 9 , ict ria , Q , 5 , 5 7 , 9 o n H 6 8 ichm d ill , , 7 , 5 M a al o t ti 2 8 R V e E w 2 g , illi rs , d ard , 4 o n o e 1 ichm d L dg , 9, 3 3 , e H R V e F n e 2 Marbl ill , 9 3 illi rs , Lady ra c s , 4 n Vi nc k e nbo o m 16 Marti , Lady, 47 , o n e 12 -2 ichm d Palac , 4 ( u e e n I 2 0 2 R Mary, L , 9 , , 5 , o n T e e ichm d h atr , 47 2 R K E FI E L I LB ERT 6 7 WA , G , 5 o 2 D bsart, my, 5 i n f o 1 R A Re v T o e e o 2 e fie . 6 Mary, Q c ts , , , 5 S Ro o k e sb T o 2 Wak ld h mas y, h mas , 4 e w o f e n e Walde r ave 10 2 Matth W stmi st r, 7 R B 8 g , Lady, e . 1 y , W . , e Re v T o 66 Wald e r ave o 10 2 Mauric , . h mas , , g , L rd , 6 o e H o e 7 ’ Walp l , rac , 3 5 , 4 5 , INT B RI GET S U NN ERY , e e n SA D N 0 1 ' 10 I M tt r ich , 47 5 , 5 , 4) 99 2 2 6 9 e e 6 5 , o e Si r o e 0 M y r, William , 9 Walp l , R b rt, 3 , 3 3 , n P 8 0 fo 6 Sa dby, aul , Mit rd , Miss , 4 o e 6 o n e e 8 0 Sc tt, Sir Walt r, 3 e Pe n 2 M ly ux , Samu l , Warb ck , rki , 5 e o n e 1 o o P 2 S ym ur, Ja , 9 e an v ne 6 M r ark , 9 Wat rl d (di i ) , 9 e e n or e ne - 10 12 2 o z 6 2 Sh Sh , 7 , , 9 e e e M rit , W ll sl y, Marquis , 9 3 e e n o e 6 Sh L dg , 5 H B 10 1 o e e e . . M rtlak , 49 Wh atl y , , e n e e Sh Chas , 49 e o e 6 Whit L dg , 5 e n e F 2 2 6 E LSON 6 Sh riary, 5 , W o n 8 N , 5 hitt , 4 e n e P o 2 2 8 e w e D e o f 2 Sh ri ry, 5 , H o e 0 N castl , uk , 5 Wic k us , 4 o e e P o e o S m rs t , r t ct r, 9 3 e e 0 . 2 Ni pc , 9 William III , 9 o e e H o e f S m rs t us , 3 3 V 8 0 8 o e n E o . N rthumb rla d, arl , 9 3 William I , , 7 St a n e r m 6 o o n G e o 2 y , Sir Willia , 9 o e C n 1 1 2 N rt , Sir r g ry, 4 W ls y, ardi al , 5 , 9 , 7 a nd G e H o e 6 Star art r t l , 5 o o v e E z e 8 W d ill , li ab th , e e n K n O R FO R E o f 1 2 St ph , i g, 7 o e e E o f D , arl , 5 , 5 W rc st r , arl , 79 e n B o n 10 2 O e n H o e St r , ar , o w o rl a s us , 9 3 W rds rth , 3 9 w e H - 10 2 Stra b rry ill , 9 3 , 99 N 8 6 O o n D e o f 2 . rm d , uk , 9 Wraxall , Sir , e 2 O n B o o f 8 Stryp , 4 s aburg, ish p , 5 o o P 2 O w e n Sudbr k ark , 9 Y R MOUT H o , Sir Richard , 5 7 A , L rd , 4 5 ffo D e o f Su lk , uk , 79 Yo D e o f 8 rk , Richard , uk , ffo P R K ER e Su lk , Lady, 3 4 Yo D e o f e A , Sir Jam s , 9 rk , uk (Jam s w f o n n 2 Pe 2 8 S i t, J atha , 9 2 2 pys 3 , 4 o n C o n ve n Pe e e 8 Sy t, 7 Yo D e of P n e rr ts , Alic , rk , uk ( ri c o n H o e 2 Pe e 2 0 1 Sy us , 7 , 5 , 9 3 e o e 6 t rsham , 5 , 4 5 , 9 , 9 , G rg ), 5 9 2 e e o e 1 T LB OT B o of D Z I NGERLI NG ve e 18 P t rsham L dg , 9 A , ish p urham , (tra ll r) , 1 o ff n 6 M. Z Philip , 9 a y, 9

Pr inted b . 86 . CL RK LI MI TED Edinbur h. y R R A , , g