Lecture 2: Neolithic Scotland: the Big Picture and Regional Narratives Scotland Before People: the Last Ice Age

Lecture 2: Neolithic Scotland: the big picture and regional narratives Scotland before people: the last Ice Age:

- Map of ice coverage, 25,000 BC: www.antarcticglaciers.org

- Map of ice coverage, 16,000 BC: Biddulph, K., Ritchie, M. & Wickham-Jones, C. 2020. Into the Wildwoods: explore the Mesolithic in Scotland’s native woodlands. Inverness: Forestry and Land Scotland Into-the-Wildwoods.pdf (forestryandland.gov.scot) Late Upper Palaeolithic archaeology in Scotland:

- Late Upper Palaeolithic artefact, Fairnington, Scottish Borders: Saville, A. 2004. The Material Culture of Mesolithic Scotland. In A. Saville (ed.) Mesolithic Scotland and its Neighbours. The Early Holocene Prehistory of Scotland, its British and Irish Context, and some Northern European Perspectives, 185–220. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

- Howburn Late Upper Palaeolithic site, South Lanarkshire: Ballin, T.B., Saville, A., Tipping, R., Ward, T., Housley, R., Verrill, L., Bradley, M., Wilson, C., Lincoln, P. & MacLeod, A. 2018. Reindeer Hunters at Howburn Farm, South Lanarkshire. Oxford: Archaeopress

- general review of Scottish Paleolithic and Mesolithic archaeology: Saville, A. & Wickham-Jones, C. (eds) 2013 ScARF Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report. Palaeolithic & Mesolithic – The Scottish Archaeological Research Framework (scarf.scot)

- recent discussion of Late Upper Palaeolithic archaeology in Scotland: Ballin, T.B. & Wickham-Jones, C. 2017. Searching for the Scottish Late Upper Palaeolithic: a case study from Nethermills Farm, Aberdeenshire. Journal of Lithic Studies 4(1), [1–15]. doi:10.2218/jls.v4i1.1907

- technological identification of Late Upper Palaeolithic artefacts: Ballin, T.B. 2019. Identification of Scottish Late Upper Palaeolithic industries by detailed technological analysis. (2) 2019: Identification of Scottish Late Upper Palaeolithic industries by detailed technological analysis | Torben Bjarke Ballin - Academia.edu Mesolithic Scotland (and comparanda):

- relatively substantial dwelling structures:

Howick, Northumberland (as a comparandum): Howick - Archaeological Research Services Ltd

East Barns, East Lothian: Gooder, J. 2007. Excavation of a Mesolithic house at East Barns, East Lothian, Scotland: an interim view. In C. Waddington & K. Pedersen, K (eds) Mesolithic Studies in the North Sea Basin and Beyond; Proceedings of a Conference held at Newcastle in 2003, 49–59. Oxford: Oxbow

- evidence for upland settlement (and chronological overlap with Early Neolithic): Wickham-Jones, C., Noble, G., Fraser, S.M., Warren, G., Tipping, R., Paterson, D., Mitchell, W., Hamilton, D. & Clarke, A. 2019. New evidence for upland occupation in the Mesolithic of Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85, 13–42. doi:10.1017/ppr.2020.8

- the ‘Storegga slide’, around 6200 BC:

Walker, J., Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., Muru, M., Fraser, A., Bates, M. & Bates, R. 2020. A great wave: the Storegga tsunami and the end of Doggerland? Antiquity 94 (398), 1409–25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.49

Blog by Caroline Wickham-Jones: Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland in a nutshell – Caroline Wickham-Jones

- separation of Britain from the Continent: Garrow, D. & Sturt, F. 2017, Neolithic Stepping Stones. Excavation and Survey within the Western Seaways of Britain 2008–2014. Oxford: Oxbow - general guide to Mesolithic Scotland (in addition to the ScARF panel report): Biddulph, K., Ritchie, M. & Wickham-Jones, C. 2020. Into the Wildwoods: explore the Mesolithic in Scotland’s native woodlands. Inverness: Forestry and Land Scotland Into-the-Wildwoods.pdf (forestryandland.gov.scot)

- Late Mesolithic shell middens on Oronsay, and examination of the human remains from them:

Mellars, P. 1987. Excavations on Oronsay: Prehistoric Human Ecology on a Small Island. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

Meiklejohn, C., Merrett, D C., Nolan, R W., Richards, M P and Mellars, P 2005. Spatial relationships, dating and taphonomy of the human bones from the Mesolithic site of Cnoc Coig, Oronsay, Argyll, Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71, 85–105

Richards, M.P. and Sheridan, J.A. 2000. New AMS dates on human bone from Mesolithic Oronsay. Antiquity 74, 313–5

Schulting, R.J. and Richards, M.P. 2002. The wet, the wild and the domesticated: the Mesolithic- Neolithic transition on the west coast of Scotland. European Journal of Archaeology 5(2), 147–89

- critical review of Mellars’ model of Mesolithic seasonal occupation of Oronsay:

Finlay, N., Cerón Carrasco, R., Housley, R., Huggett, J., Jardine, W.G., Ramsay, S., Smith, C., Wright, D., Augley, J. & Wright, P.J. 2019. Calling Time on Oronsay: Revising Settlement Models Around the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland, New Evidence from Port Lobh, Colonsay. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 85, 83–114. DOI: 10.1017/ppr.2019.2

- DNA of Cnoc Coig Mesolithic woman, compared with other Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals:

Brace, S., Diekmann, Y., Booth, T.J., van Dorp, L., Faltyskova, Z., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Olalde, I., Ferry, M., Michel, M., Oppenheimer, J., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Stewardson, K., Martiniano, R., Walsh, S., Kayser, M., Charlton, S., Hellenthal, G., Armit, I., Schulting, R., Craig, O.E., Sheridan, J.A., Parker Pearson, M., Stringer, C., Reich, D., Thomas, M.G. & Barnes, I. 2019. Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain. Nature Ecology & Evolution 3, 765–71 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0871-9; https://rdcu.be/bw1ED

- the Old Quay, St Martin’s, Scilly microliths:

Garrow, D. & Sturt, F. 2017, Neolithic Stepping Stones. Excavation and Survey within the Western Seaways of Britain 2008–2014. Oxford: Oxbow The c. 1000-year delay between the appearance of farming in Britain and Ireland when compared to its arrival on the near Continent:

…discussed, for example, in:

Sheridan, J.A. 2010. The Neolithisation of Britain and Ireland: the Big Picture, in B. Finlayson and G. Warren (eds), Landscapes in Transition, 89–105. Oxford: Oxbow Breton-style funerary monuments in Britain and Ireland:

…latest discussion, with references to previous studies:

Sheridan, J.A. & Schulting, R.J. 2020. Making sense of Scottish Neolithic funerary monuments: tracing trajectories and understanding their rationale. In A.-B. Gebauer, L. Sørensen, A. Teather & A.C. Valera (eds), Monumentalising Life in the Neolithic: narratives of change and continuity, 195‒ 215. Oxford: Oxbow

Achnacreebeag closed chamber and simple passage tomb:

Ritchie, J.N.G. 1970. Excavation of the chambered cairn at Achnacreebeag. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 102 (1969‒70), 31‒55 Discussion of the Achnacreebeag pottery:

Sheridan, J.A. 2016. Scottish Neolithic pottery in 2016: the big picture and some details of the narrative. In F.J. Hunter and J.A. Sheridan (eds), Ancient Lives. Object, People and Place in Early Scotland. Essays for David V Clarke on his 70th Birthday, 189–212. Leiden: Sidestone https://www.sidestone.com/books/ancient-lives Early Neolithic use of caves for burial:

See Sheridan & Schulting 2020, listed above, and, for Raschoille Cave:

Bonsall, C., Pickard, C. & Ritchie, G.A. 2012. From Assynt to Oban: some observations on prehistoric cave use in western Scotland. In K.A. Bergsvik and R. Skeates (eds) Caves in Context: the cultural significance of caves and rock shelters in Europe, 10–21. Oxford, Oxbow

Connock, K. 1985. Rescue excavation of the ossuary remains at Raschoille Cave, Oban: an interim report. Lorn Archaeological and Historical Society Special Publication LAHS 1985 Raschoille Cave.pdf (lahsoc.org.uk) The ‘Carinated Bowl Neolithic’:

- pottery:

Sheridan, J.A. 2007. From Picardie to Pickering and Pencraig Hill? New information on the ‘Carinated Bowl Neolithic’ in northern Britain, in A.W.R. Whittle and V. Cummings (eds), Going Over: the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe, 441–92. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Proceedings of the British Academy 144) (3) (PDF) From Picardie to Pickering and Pencraig Hill? New information on theCarinated Bowl Neolithic'in northern Britain | Alison Sheridan - Academia.edu

Hélène Pioffet’s technical comparison of Carinated Bowl pottery with Chasséo-Michelsberg pottery in France:

Pioffet, H. 2016. Résumés de thèse. Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française 113(1), 158–61

Pioffet, H. 2017. Societies and identities during the Early Neolithic of Britain and Ireland in their west European context: characterisation and comparative analyses of pottery production between Channel, Irish Sea and North Sea. PAST 87, 5–7 (although note that the characterisation of ‘east vs west’ styles of pottery is open to critical review)

- Axeheads of jadeitite and other Alpine rock:

See references relating to Projet JADE in Lecture 1, and see:

Sheridan, J.A. 2011, Pailler, Y., Pétrequin, P. & Errera, M. Old friends, new friends, a long-lost friend and false friends: tales from Projet JADE, in R.V. Davis and M. Edmonds (eds), Stone Axe Studies III, 411–26. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow (4) (PDF) SHERIDAN J.A., PAILLER Y., PETREQUIN P. et ERRERA M. 2011.- Old friends, new friends, a long-lost friend and false friends: tales from Projet JADE, in : V. Davis et M. Edmonds (ed.), Stone Axe Studies III. Oxford, Oxbow books : 411-426 | Pierre Pétrequin, Michel G L Errera, and Alison Sheridan - Academia.edu

- Pitchstone:

Ballin, T.B. 2009. Archaeological Pitchstone in Northern Britain: characterization and interpretation of an important prehistoric source. BAR British series 476. Oxford: Archaeopress

Ballin, T.B. 2015. Arran pitchstone (Scottish volcanic glass): new dating evidence. Journal of Lithic Studies 2(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v2i1.1166 Ballin, T.B. 2017. Pitchstone from radiocarbon-dated pits – an update. PAST 87, 14–15. PAST_87_for_web.pdf (prehistoricsociety.org)

Gurova, M. & Bonsall, C. 2020. Use-wear analyses and provenance determination of pitchstone artefacts: a pilot study from western Scotland. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 30 102189 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102189

- axeheads of Langdale tuff (Implement Petrology Committee ‘Group VI’ rock), Cumbria:

Bradley, R. & Watson, A. 2020. Langdale and the northern Neolithic, In G. Hey & P. Frodsham (eds), New light on the Neolithic of Northern England, 7–16.

Bradley, R. & Edmonds, M. 1993. Interpreting the Axe Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clough, T. & Cummins, W.A. 1988. Stone Axe Studies Volume 2: the petrology of prehistoric stone implements from the British Isles. CBA Research Report 67. York: Council for British Archaeology CBA Research Report No. 67 (archaeologydataservice.ac.uk)

- exploitation of calc-silicate hornfels for making axeheads and maceheads at Creag na Caillich, above Killin:

Edmonds, M., Sheridan, J.A. and Tipping, R. 1992. Survey and excavation at Creag na Caillich, Killin, Perthshire. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 122, 77–112, fiche 1:A5–11. http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352- 1/dissemination/pdf/vol_122/122_077_112.pdf The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland:

- the Julian Thomas model and the published critique by Sheridan:

Thomas, J. 2013. The Birth of Neolithic Britain: an interpretive account. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Sheridan, J.A. 2015. Review of Julian Thomas, The Birth of Neolithic Britain: An Interpretive Account. European Journal of Archaeology 18(4), 720–727. DOI: 10.1179/1461957115Z.000000000148. (17) (PDF) The Birth of Neolithic Britain: An Interpretive Account (researchgate.net)

-Ferriter’s Cove: domesticated cattle bones in a Late Mesolithic camp:

Woodman, P.C., Anderson, E. & Finlay, N. 1999. Excavations at Ferriter’s Cove, 1983–95: last foragers, first farmers in the Dingle Peninsula. Dublin: Wordwell

Woodman, P.C. 2015. Ireland’s First Settlers: time and the Mesolithic. Oxford: Oxbow

- claims for cross-Channel contacts during the Mesolithic – the Bouldnor wheat sedimentary DNA case:

Smith, O., Momber, G., Bates, R., Garwood, P., Fitch, S., Pallen, M., Gaffney, V. & Allaby, R.G. 2015. Sedimentary DNA from a submerged site reveals wheat in the British Isles 8000 years ago. Science 347 (6225), 998–1001. Sedimentary DNA from a submerged site reveals wheat in the British Isles 8000 years ago | Science (sciencemag.org)

Callaway, E. 2015. Ancient DNA dispute raises questions about wheat trade in prehistoric Britain. Nature 3 November 2015 doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18702

- Mesolithic-Neolithic interactions in S Scandinavia/N Germany:

Sørensen, L. 2020. Biased data or hard facts? Interpretations of the earliest evidence of agrarian activity in southern Scandinavia from 6000 to 4000 cal BC in a theoretical discourse on random down- the-line exchanges and structured migrations. In K.J. Gron, L. Sørensen & P. Rowley-Conwy (eds), Farmers at the Frontier: a pan-European perspective on Neolithisation, 289–316. Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow

- the Collard et al. model:

Collard, M., Edinborough, K., Shennan, S. & Thomas, M.G. 2010. Radiocarbon evidence indicates that migrants introduced farming to Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(4), 866–70 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2009.11.016

- the Whittle et al. model, and Sheridan’s review of it:

Whittle, A., Healy, F. & Bayliss, A. 2011. Gathering Time: dating the Early Neolithic enclosures of southern Britain and Ireland. Oxford, Oxbow

Sheridan, J.A. 2012. Review of A. Whittle, F. Healy & A. Bayliss, Gathering Time: Dating the Early Neolithic Enclosures of Southern Britain and Ireland. Antiquity 86 (331), 262–4

- Warden et al.’s climate change hypothesis:

Warden,L., Moros, M., Neumann, T., Shennan, S., Timpson, A., Manning, K., Sollai, M., Wacker, L., Perner, K., Häusler, K., Leipe, T., Zillén, L., Kotilainen, A., Jansen, E., Schneider, R.R., Oeberst, R., Arz, H. & Sinninghe Damste, J.S. 2017. Climate induced human demographic and cultural change in northern Europe during the mid-Holocene. Nature scientific reports 7 Climate induced human demographic and cultural change in northern Europe during the mid-Holocene - CORE Reader

- the Sheridan multi-strand Neolithisation model: various publications, including:

Sheridan, J.A. 2010. The Neolithisation of Britain and Ireland: the Big Picture, in B. Finlayson and G. Warren (eds), Landscapes in Transition, 89–105. Oxford: Oxbow

Sheridan, J.A. 2018 The Neolithisation of Britain and Ireland: the arrival of immigrant farmers from Continental Europe and its impact on pre-existing lifeways. In N. Sanz (ed.), The Origins of Food Production, 226‒45. Mexico City: UNESCO (and note that Fig. 6 is in error: the plan should be of Cairnholy I, not II)

- the Continental background: the Morbihan region of Brittany:

Cassen, S., Boujot, C., Dominguez Bella, S., Guiavarc’h, M., Le Pennec, C., Prieto Martinez, M.P., Querré, G., Santrot, M.H. & Vigier, E. 2012. Dépôts bretons, tumulus carnacéens et circulations à longue distance. In: P. Pétrequin, S. Cassen, M. Errera, L. Klassen & J.A. Sheridan (eds), Jade. Grandes haches alpines du Néolithique européen. Ve et IVe millénaires av. J.-C. Tome 2, 918–94. Cahiers de la MSHE C.N. Ledoux, Besançon, no. 17. Besançon and Gray: Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté et Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l’Ain

Cassen, S.(ed.) 2009. Autour de la Table : explorations archéologiques et discours savants sur des architectures néolithiques à Locmariaquer, Morbihan (Table des Marchands et Grand Menhir). Nantes : Université de Nantes

Boujot, C. & Vigier, E. 2012. Carnac et environs. Architectures mégalithiques (Guides archéologiques de la France). Paris : Centre des Monuments Nationaux

- the Continental background: population expansion out of the Paris Basin from c. 4300 BC:

Jeunesse C. 1998. Pour une origine occidentale de la culture de Michelsberg? Materialhefte zur Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg 43, 29–45

Jeunesse C., Lefranc P., Denaire A., Arbogast R-M. & Naze G. 2003. Groupe de Bischheim, origine du Michelsberg, genèse du groupe d'Entzheim: la transition entre le Néolithique moyen et le Néolithique récent dans les régions rhénanes. Cahiers de l'Association pour la promotion de la recherche archéologique en Alsace 18/19 (2002–2003). Zimmersheim: Association pour la Promotion de la Recherche Archéologique en Alsace Alice Beau, A., Rivollat, M., Réveillas, H., Pemonge, M.-H., Mendisco, F., Thomas, Y., Lefranc, P. & Deguilloux, M.-F. 2017. Multi-scale ancient DNA analyses confirm the western origin of Michelsberg farmers and document probable practices of human sacrifice. Plos ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179742

- the DNA evidence for Britain and Ireland:

Cassidy, L.M., Ó Maoldúin, R., Kador, T., Lynch, A., Jones, C., Woodman, P.C., Murphy, E., Ramsey, G., Dowd, M., Noonan, A., Campbell, C., Jones, E.R., Mattiangeli, V. & Bradley, D.G. 2020. A dynastic elite in monumental Neolithic society. Nature 582, 384–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586- 020-2378-6

Sheridan, J.A. 2020. Incest uncovered at elite prehistoric Irish burial site. Nature 582, 347–9. d41586- 020-01655-4.pdf (nature.com)

Cassidy, L. 2020. Ancient DNA in Ireland: isolation, immigration and elite incest. British Archaeology September/October 2020, 32–40

Sheridan, J.A. 2020 [Alison Sheridan, who has long studied the Neolithic of Britain and Ireland, assesses the new aDNA revelations from an archaeological perspective] British Archaeology September/October 2020, 41

- French DNA studies relevant to the issue of the appearance of farming in Britain and Ireland:

Rivollat, M., Jeong, C., Schiffels, S., Küçükkalıpçı, I., Pemonge, M.-H., Rohrlach, A.B., Alt, K.W., binder, D., Friederich, S., Ghesquière, E., Gronenborn, D., Laporte, L., lefranc, P., Meller, H., Réveillas, H., Rosenstock, E., Rottier, S., Scarre, C., Soler, L., Wahl, J., Krause, J., Deguilloux, M.-F. & Haak, W. 2020. Ancient genome-wide DNA from France highlights the complexity of interactions between Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers. Science Advances 29 May 2020, 6(22), eaaz5344 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5344

Brunel, S., Bennett, E.A., Cardin, L., Garraud, D., Barrand Emam, H., Beylier, A., Boulestin, B., Chenal, F., Ciesielski, E., Convertini, F., Dedet, B., Desbrosse-Degobertiere, S., Desenne, S., Dubouloz, J., Duday, H., Escalon, G., Fabre, V., Gailledrat, E., Gandelin, M., Gleize, Y., Goepfert, S., Guilaine, J., Hachem, L., Ilett, M., Lambach, F., Maziere, F., Perrin, B., Plouin, S., Pinard, E., Praud, I., Richard, I., Riquier, V., Roure, R., Sendra, B., Thevenet, C., Thiol, S., Vauquelin, E., Vergnaud, L., Grange, T., Geigl, E.-M., & Pruvost, M. 2020. Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jun 2020, 117 (23), 12791–8 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918034117

- chronological overlap between latest hunter-fisher-forager (Mesolithic) communities and earliest farmers (Neolithic) in Scotland:

W coast: Sheridan, J.A. & Schulting, R.J. 2020. Making sense of Scottish Neolithic funerary monuments: tracing trajectories and understanding their rationale. In A.-B. Gebauer, L. Sørensen, A. Teather & A.C. Valera (eds), Monumentalising Life in the Neolithic: narratives of change and continuity, 195‒215. Oxford: Oxbow

Highland: Wickham-Jones, C., Noble, G., Fraser, S.M., Warren, G., Tipping, R., Paterson, D., Mitchell, W., Hamilton, D. & Clarke, A. New evidence for upland occupation in the Mesolithic of Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society doi: 10.1017/ppr.2020.8

- the conundrum of shell middens: Example of a shell midden with post-Mesolithic dates: Inveravon, West Lothian: https://canmore.org.uk/site/47795/inveravon ‘Snapshot’ of developments after the arrival of farming:

- secondary expansion to Outer Hebrides and Northern Isles:

- Late 4th millennium developments in Orkney: see bibliography for Lecture 5

- rock art:

Professor Richard Bradley & Dr Aaron Watson’s work on the rock art on Ben Lawers, Perth and Kinross:

Excavating prehistoric rock carvings on Ben Lawers - University of Reading

Bradley, R., A. Brown, & A. Watson. 2010. The archaeology and environment of prehistoric rock carvings on Ben Lawers. PAST 65, 11–14 Layout 1 (prehistoricsociety.org)

Bradley, R. & A. Watson. 2009. Excavating prehistoric rock carvings on Ben Lawers. The Archaeologist 74, 34–5

Dr Andy Jones’ excavations at Torbhlaren, Argyll and Bute: Jones, A. M., D. Freedman, B. O'Connor, H. Lamdin-Whymark, R.Tipping, & A. Watson. 2011. An Animate Landscape. Rock art and the prehistory of Kilmartin, Argyll, Scotland. Oxford: Windgather Press

Jones, A. M., & B. O'Connor. 2007. Excavating art: Recent excavations at the rock art sites at Torbhlaren, near Kilmartin, Mid-Argyll, Scotland. PAST 55, 4 PAST_91_for_web.pdf (prehistoricsociety.org)

Joana Valdez-Tullett on Atlantic rock art: Valdez-Tullett, J. 2019. Design and Connectivity: the case of Atlantic rock art. Archaeology of Prehistoric Art Vol. 1. BAR International Series 2932. Oxford: BAR Publishing

- the University College London team’s hypothesis of population crash around 3550 BC and crash in arable farming c. 3300 BC, and Dr Rosie Bishop’s response re agriculture:

College, S., Connolly, J., Crema, E. & Shennan, S. 2019. Neolithic population crash in northwest Europe associated with agricultural crisis. Quaternary Research 1‒22, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.42

Shennan, S. 2018. The First Farmers of Europe: an evolutionary perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Stevens, C.J. & Fuller, D.Q. 2012. Did Neolithic farming fail? The case for a Bronze Age agricultural revolution in the British Isles. Antiquity 86, 707–22

Bishop, R.R. 2015. Did Neolithic farming fail or flourish? A Scottish perspective on the evidence for Late Neolithic arable cultivation in the British Isles. World Archaeology 47(5), 834–55. DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2015.1072477 From Big Picture to regional narratives: 1. West and south-west Scotland

- distribution of Carinated Bowl pottery, and example from Knocknab, Glenluce:

Coles, D., Sheridan, J.A. and Begg, C. 2011. Excavation and recording of three sites at Knocknab on Torrs Warren, West Freugh. Transactions of the Dumfriesshire Natural History and Antiquarian Society 85, 17–52 3085.pdf (dgnhas.org.uk)

- Lockerbie ‘hall’:

Kirby, M. 2011. Lockerbie Academy: Neolithic and Early Historic timber halls, a Bronze Age cemetery, an undated enclosure and a post-medieval corn-drying kiln in south-west Scotland. Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports 76 Vol 46 (2011): Lockerbie AcademyNeolithic and Early Historic timber halls, a Bronze Age cemetery, an undated enclosure and a post-medieval corn-drying kiln in south-west Scotland | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports (socantscot.org)

- Cursus monuments at Holywood and Holm Farm, near Dumfries:

Thomas, J. 2007. Place and Memory: excavations at the Picts Knowe, Holywood and Holm Farm, Dumfries and Galloway, 1994–8. Oxford: Oxbow

- Early Neolithic funerary monuments in south-west Scotland:

Henshall, A.S. 1972. The Chambered Tombs of Scotland, Volume 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

Kinnes, I. 1992. Non-Megalithic Long Barrows and Allied Structures in the British Neolithic. British Museum Occasional Paper 52. London: British Museum

Lochhill: Masters, L. 1973. The Lochhill long cairn. Antiquity 47 (186), 96–100 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X0003489X

Cairnholy I and II: Piggott, S. & Powell, T.G.E. 1949. The excavation of three Neolithic chambered cairns in Galloway. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352- 1/dissemination/pdf/vol_083/83_103_161.pdf

Clyde cairns and their congeners in Ireland and the Isle of Man:

Waddell, J. 2010. The Prehistoric Archaeology of Ireland (3rd edition). Dublin: Wordwell

Lynch, F. & Davey, P. (eds) 2017. The Chambered Tombs of the Isle of Man: a study by Audrey Henshall 1969–1978. Oxford: Archaeopress

Giant’s Graves North: https://forestryandland.gov.scot/what-we-do/biodiversity-and-conservation/historic-environment- conservation/investigation/arran-neolithic-chambered-tombs

Clarke, D.V., Cowie, T.G. & Foxon, A. 1985. Symbols of Power at the Time of Stonehenge. Edinburgh: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

-Connections between SW Scotland and NE Ireland:

Porcellanite axe- and adzeheads: Sheridan, J.A. 1986. Porcellanite artifacts: a new survey, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 49, 19–32 Antrim flint: Saville, A. 1999. A cache of flint axeheads and other flint artefacts from Auchenhoan, near Campbeltown, Kintyre, Scotland. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65, 83–123 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X0000195X

Pitchstone:

Ballin, T.B. 2009. Archaeological Pitchstone in Northern Britain: characterization and interpretation of an important prehistoric source. BAR British series 476. Oxford: Archaeopress

Ballin, T.B. 2015. Arran pitchstone (Scottish volcanic glass): new dating evidence. Journal of Lithic Studies 2(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.2218/jls.v2i1.1166

Ballin, T.B. 2017. Pitchstone from radiocarbon-dated pits – an update. PAST 87, 14–15. PAST_87_for_web.pdf (prehistoricsociety.org)

Pottery:

Sheridan, J.A. 1995. Irish Neolithic pottery: the story in 1995. In I.A. Kinnes and G. Varndell (eds), ‘Unbaked Urns of rudely Shape’: Essays on British and Irish Pottery for Ian Longworth, 3–21. Oxford: Oxbow

Axe- and adzeheads of Langdale tuff (Gp VI rock):

Bradley, R. & Watson, A. 2020. Langdale and the northern Neolithic, In G. Hey & P. Frodsham (eds), New light on the Neolithic of Northern England, 7–16.

Bradley, R. & Edmonds, M. 1993. Interpreting the Axe Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

The Rotten Bottom bow:

Sheridan, J.A. 1999. Rotten Bottom: the discovery of Britain’s oldest bow, in R.M. Tipping (ed.), The Quaternary of Dumfries and Galloway: Field Guide. London: Quaternary research Association, 168– 70

- Kilmartin Glen and the Neolithic of Argyll:

Sheridan, J.A. 2012. Contextualising Kilmartin: building a narrative for developments in western Scotland and beyond, from the Early Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age, in A.M. Jones, J. Pollard, M.J. Allen and J. Gardiner (eds), Image, Memory and Monumentality; archaeological engagements with the material world, 163–183. Prehistoric Society Research Paper 5. Oxford: Oxbow (PDF) Contextualising Kilmartin: building a narrative for developments in western Scotland and beyond, from the Early Neolithic to the Late Bronze Age | Alison Sheridan - Academia.edu

Sheridan, J.A. 2017. Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age c 4000BC – 800BC. (Section in the Regional Archaeological Research Framework for Argyll) https://scarf.scot/regional/regional- archaeological-research-framework-for-argyll/6-neolithic-chalcolithic-and-bronze-age-c-4000bc- 800bc/

- Connections along the Atlantic façade, c. 3000 BC (timber and stone circles, Grooved Ware etc.):

Sheridan, J.A. 2004. Going round in circles? Understanding the Irish Grooved Ware ‘complex’ in its wider context, in H. Roche, E. Grogan, J. Bradley, J. Coles and B. Raftery (eds), From Megaliths to Metal. Essays on Honour of George Eogan, 26–37. Oxford: Oxbow (PDF) Going round in circles? Understanding the Irish Grooved Ware complex in its wider context | Alison Sheridan - Academia.edu

Sheridan, J.A. 2004. Neolithic connections along and across the Irish Sea, in V. Cummings and C. Fowler (eds), The Neolithic of the Irish Sea: Materiality and Traditions of Practice, 9-21. Oxford: Oxbow (PDF) Neolithic connections along and across the Irish Sea | Alison Sheridan - Academia.edu

- Bargrennan-type chamber tombs:

Henshall, A.S. 1972. The Chambered Tombs of Scotland, Volume 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

Murray, J. 1992. The Bargrennan group of chambered cairns: circumstance and context. In N.M. Sharples & J.A. Sheridan (eds), Vessels for the Ancestors: essays on the Neolithic of Britain and Ireland in honour of Audrey Henshall, 33–48. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

Cummings, V. and Fowler, C. 2007. From Cairn to Cemetery: an archaeological investigation of the chambered cairns and early Bronze Age mortuary deposits at Cairnderry and Bargrennan White Cairn, south-west Scotland. BAR, British Series 434. Oxford: Archaeopress From Big Picture to regional narratives: 2. Shetland

- overall account of the Neolithic (and Chalcolithic and Bronze Age) in Shetland:

Sheridan, J.A. 2014. Shetland, from the appearance of a ‘Neolithic’ way of life to c 1500 BC: a view from the ‘mainland’. In H.C. Gulløv & D. Mahler (eds), Northern Worlds – Landscapes, Interactions and Dynamics, 67–92. Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet (PDF) Shetland, from the appearance of a ‘Neolithic’ way of life to c. 1500 BC: a view from the ‘mainland’ | Alison Sheridan - Academia.edu

Earlier publications that were subsequently updated in the Sheridan 2014 publication:

Sheridan, J. A. 2012. Neolithic Shetland: a view from the “mainland”. In D.L. Mahler (ed), The Border of Farming and the Cultural Markers, 6–36. Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet

Sheridan, J.A. 2013. Plus ça change…developments in Shetland, c 2500–1800 BC. In D.L. Mahler (ed.), The Border of Farming, Shetland and Scandinavia. Neolithic and Bronze Age Farming, 47–72. Copenhagen, Nationalmuseet http://nordligeverdener.natmus.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/temasites/nordlige_verdener/Nord_Verd_Sh etlandsprojekt_3_web.pdf

- West Voe shell midden:

Gillmore, G.K. & Melton, N. 2011. Early Neolithic sands at West Voe, Shetland Islands: implications for human settlement. In L. Wilson (ed.), Human Interactions with the Geosphere: the Geoarchaeological Perspective, 69–83. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 352. London: Geological Society of London.

Melton, N.D. 2009. Shells, seals and ceramics: an evaluation of a midden at West Voe, Sumburgh, Shetland, 2004–2005. In S. McCartan, P.C. Woodman, R. Schulting & G. Warren (eds), Mesolithic Horizons: papers presented at the Seventh International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Belfast 2005, 184–9. Oxford: Oxbow

- Shetland chamber tombs:

Henshall, A.S. 1963. The Chambered Tombs of Scotland, Volume 1. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

- Stanydale:

Calder, C.S.T. 1950. Report on the excavation of a Neolithic temple at Stanydale in the parish of Sandsting, Shetland. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 84 (1949–50), 185–205 https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352- 1/dissemination/pdf/vol_084/84_185_205.pdf (NB The site is neither Neolithic, nor is it a temple!)

Mahler, D.L. 2013. Stanydale Hall ꟷ a gathering site or just a large Neolithic house on Shetland? In D.L. Mahler (ed.), The Border of Farming: Shetland and Scandinavia, 8–23. Copenhagen: the National Museum of Denmark. http://nordligeverdener.natmus.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/temasites/nordlige_verdener/nordlige_verde ner/Ditlev_L_Mahler/The_Border_of_Farming.pdf

- Scord of Brouster:

Whittle, A.W.R., Keith-Lucas, M., Milles, A., Noddle, B., Rees, S. & Romans, J.C.C. 1986. Scord of Brouster. An Early Agricultural Settlement on Shetland. Oxford: Oxford University Committee for Archaeology

- Modesty:

- the North Roe Felsite Project:

Cooney, G., Megarry, W., Markham, M., Gilhooly, B., O’Neill, B., Gaffrey, J., Sands, R., Nyland, A., Ballin, T., Murray, J. & Sheridan, J. A. 2019. Tangled up in blue: the role of riebeckite felsite in Neolithic Shetland in Teather, A. Topping, P. & Baczkowski, J. (eds), Mining and Quarrying in Neolithic Europe: a social perspective, 49–65. Oxford: Oxbow

Megarry, W. & Cooney, G. 2018. The role of felsite in Neolithic Shetland. The Role of Felsite in Neolithic Shetland — Queen's University Belfast (qub.ac.uk)

O’Neill, B., Gilhooly, B. & Cooney, G. 2014. Stone tools of Shetland: experimental felsite project. EXARC Journal Issue 2014/3 https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10163 Stone Tools of Shetland: Experimental Felsite Project | EXARC

Ballin, T.B. 2015: Making an Island World: Neolithic Shetland. Felsite polished axeheads/adzes and Shetland knives in Shetland Museum – recording, characterisation and interpretation of the collection. North Roe Felsite Project Report 2. Dublin: UCD School of Archaeology https://independent.academia.edu/TorbenBjarkeBallin

- evidence for starvation and the eating of fish at the Sumburgh cist:

Montgomery, J., Beaumont, J., Jay, A., Keefe, K., Gledhill, A., Cook, G., Dockrill, Stephen J. & Melton, N.D. 2013. Strategic and sporadic marine consumption at the onset of the Neolithic: increasing temporal resolution in the isotope evidence. Antiquity 87(338), 1060– 72 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00049863