Présentation Powerpoint

Evolution of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions interplay between mimicry and competition in clearwing butterflies communities Marianne Elias Colin Fontaine, Thomas Aubier, Melanie McClure, Nicolas Chazot 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018.Florence All rights reserved Prunier - Any reproduction, Geoff even in part Gallice is prohibited. and Keith Willmott Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, MNHN, Paris

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

Chilean marine rocky intertidal community

Kéfi et al. 2016 PLoS Biol

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited.

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . MULLERIAN MIMICRY IN BUTTERFLIES ● chemical defences and aposematism (= warning pattern)

Brower and Moffit 1974 Nature

= yuck!Brower and Moffit 1974 Nature 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

Mimicry ring

→ Positive interactions!

• Neotropical • ~ 395 species • aposematic and mimetic

-26my

Chazot et al. 2017 BioRxiv, PCI Evol Biol

Ithomiini Heliconiini

Beccaloni 1997 BJLS De Vries et al 1999 BJLS Elias et al. 2008 PLoS biol Hill 2010 Ecol Evol Gompert et al. 2011 JTB

2018 © II Joint Congresshabitat on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reservedbutterfly - Any reproduction even in partpredator is prohibited. Chazot et al. 2014 Am Nat Willmott et al. 2017 PRSB

→ co-mimics co-occur more often than expected at random → ecological segregation of predators → adaptive ecological segregation of mimicry rings

95% Solanaceae

3% Gesneriaceae

2% Apocynaceae

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any© reproduction Reserva even Bigalin part is prohibited., Ecuador 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

2018 © II Joint Congresshabitat on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reservedbutterfly - Any reproduction even in partpredator is prohibited. hostplant

Thomas Aubier PhD 2015-2018

• Theoretical model

2018 © II Joint Congresshabitat on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reservedbutterfly - Any reproduction even in partpredator is prohibited. hostplant Aubier et al. in prep

→ Co-mimics should share more/less hostplants than expected at random depending on resource distribution

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . • What is the outcome of positive and negative interactions in terms of hostplant use?

• What are the macroevolutionary implications of mimicry, habitat and hostplant use? 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited.

La Bonita

Napo

Arco Iris Los Amigos

• 4 community-level networks ~ 30 Ithomiini species/site ~ 30 hostplant species/site ~ 8 mimicry rings/site Napo

• In total 201885 © IIIthomiini Joint Congress on Evolutionaryspecies Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. Arco Iris 102 hostplant species Los Amigos 20 mimicry rings

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . La Bonita • Do co-mimics share more (or less) plants than expected at random?

vs Napo

Arco Iris Los Amigos

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . more La Bonita • Do co-mimics share more (or less) plants than expected at random?

vs Napo more

Arco Iris ~ Willmott & Mallet 2004 Biol Let Los Amigos more more

NS vs Napo

less NS less Napo

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . more x 2 NS x 4 La Bonita • Do co-mimics share more (or less) plants than expected given the phylogeny? more x 1 less x 2 NS x 4 vs Napo

→ hostplant convergence and divergence among co-mimics

• What2018 © II Joint are Congress onthe Evolutionary macroevolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited.implications of mimicry, habitat and hostplant use?

(micro)habitat

mimicry pattern hostplant

→ assortative mating for wing colour pattern

Jiggins et al. 2001 Nature Chamberlain et al. 2009 Science

→ assortative mating for wing colour pattern

Jiggins et al. 2001 Nature Chamberlain et al. 2009 Science → lower2018survival © II Joint Congress onof Evolutionary hybrids Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. Merrill et al. 2011 Evolution … = = = ? Merrill et al. 2012 PRSB

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . SHIFTS IN MIMICRY PATTERN AND SPECIATION • In Ithomiini: mate choice experiments

Ithomia salapia

Melanie McClure Postdoc 2015 - 2018 Melinaea marsaeus

Melinaea menophilus Monica Monllor MSc 2016

McClure et al. submitted 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

Ithomia salapia

→ strong isolation (90%)

Melinaea marsaeus

→ very strong isolation (~100%)

Melinaea menophilus

→ random mating

Ithomia salapia

→ strong isolation (90%)

Melinaea marsaeus

→ very strong isolation (~100%)

→ random mating

• In Ithomiini: predation experiments on co-mimics

Hybrids with intermediate phenotypes are more attacked

Heliconius numata

Arias et al. 2016 PRSB 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

• In Ithomiini: mode of colour pattern evolution

OTHER PATTERNS

Chazot et al. in prep2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

• In Ithomiini: mode of colour pattern evolution

→ shifts in wing pattern are associated with speciation

Jiggins et al. 2006 Evolution Elias et al. 2007 J Ins Sc Chazot et al. in prep

• Complex outcome of interplay between positive and negative interactions

• Positive interactions drive ecological convergence

habitat butterfly predator hostplant

Pebas

†

Phylogenetic signatures of adaptive radiation Miocene I Miocene II Pliocene Pleistocene

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 Time (my) Chazot et al. 2017 Biorxiv/PCI Evol Biol, Elias2018 et © al. II Joint in prepCongress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

Keith Willmott Geoff Gallice Nicolas Chazot Florence Prunier Colin Fontaine U. Gainesville U. Gainesville U. Lund MNHN Paris MNHN Paris

Thomas Aubier U. Montpellier Mel McClure MNHN Paris 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. © Willmott 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] . MERCI! • organizers of joint congress and S-33 • field assistants and colleagues • Peru: SERFOR, Proyecto Huallaga, Museo de Historia Natural (Lima) • Ecuador: ministerio del ambiente, Museo de ciencias naturales

non- co-mimetic species shared

Phylogenetic distance 2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology 2018. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

M. marsaeus M. menophilus M. satevis M. mothone MelanieMcClure Postdoc 2015 - 2018

Keen to lay Good survival

McClure and Elias Juanulloa parasitica Trianae speciosa2018 © II Joint Congress on Evolutionary2016 BMC Biology Evol 2018. BiolAll rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited. 2018 © 48th European Contact Lens Society Of Ophthalmologists. All rights reserved - Any reproduction even in part is prohibited] .

M. marsaeus M. menophilus M. satevis M. mothone MelanieMcClure Postdoc 2015 - 2018

Won’t lay Lower survival