Engaging to End the Epidemic

Organized by the Harvard School of Public Health | December 1–2, 2011 Engaging to End the Epidemic

Table of Contents

Welcome Message from Julio Frenk ...... 2

Welcome Message from Richard Marlink ...... 3

Global Advisory Council Members ...... 4

Steering Committee Members ...... 5

Sub-Committee Co-Chairs ...... 7

Welcome Message from Staffan Hildebrand — From Stigma to Hope...... 8

Symposium Supporters ...... 9

Agenda...... 10

Opening and Closing Remarks: Speaker Biographies...... 12

Session 1 ...... 14

Session 2 ...... 16

Session 3 ...... 18

Session 4 ...... 20

Session 5 ...... 22

Session 6 ...... 24

Session 7 ...... 26

AIDS@30 Outcomes ...... 28

Symposium Attendee List ...... 29

Table of Contents | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 1 Welcome Message from Dean Julio Frenk

AIDS remains the largest public health crisis in the history of humankind, in terms of cases, number of deaths, people affected, and global pervasiveness. But the tragedy of the epidemic is also remarkable because it has generated an unprecedented global response. There is much to learn from it. A vigorous scientific response has generated critical knowledge about the disease and its prevention and treatment. The benefits of this research have spilled over to improve care for people with other diseases. AIDS has also elicited a cultural response, inspiring artistic expression and, because of the early focalization of the epidemic, a cultural transformation. AIDS forced societies to confront how we deal with stigma, discrimination, and questions of sexuality. HIV/AIDS has generated a level of political mobilization and financial commitments in civil society that is also unprecedented. Once we had an effective way of treating AIDS, negotiations and agreements were able to increase access to antivirals, for example. A new focus of governance emerged to mobilize international collective action and financing organizations like UNAIDS and the Global Fund were created. From the first moment of the epidemic, Harvard University has taken a leading role and made seminal contributions to all aspects of the response. University researchers contributed major knowledge about the disease and control strategies. Harvard School of Public Health was at the forefront debating issues of human rights around AIDS, launching numerous initiatives, international collaborations, participating in PEPFAR, proposing ideas, and advising on new forms of policy responses. Unique among the other anniversary look-backs, we are hosting this international symposium to encompass all these dimensions as we draw lessons from the exemplary response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Obviously much remains to be done. Let us together see if out of the lessons, we can devise the next stage of response to end this epidemic.

Julio Frenk, MD, MPH, PhD Chair, AIDS@30 Global Advisory Council Dean of the Faculty, Harvard School of Public Health T & G Angelopoulos Professor of Public Health and international Development, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Kennedy School of Government

2 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Welcome Message from Dean Frenk Welcome Message from Richard Marlink

In 1980/81, during my internship at St. Vincent’s Hospital in Greenwich Village, I first encountered patients with unusual clinical presentations due to a virus yet to be described. Like many of us, I have combated that virus ever since. Also like many of us who have lost loved ones to AIDS, many of my patients, colleagues, and friends are now gone because of this virus. We’re tired of this virus, this epidemic, and now hopefully are able to plan its demise. We’ve invited you and other key thought leaders in medicine, science, arts, advocacy, public health, and government to join us in a rigorous discussion of what we have learned about HIV/AIDS over the past 30 years and together plan for the end of the epidemic. I, for one, do not want to be discussing AIDS at 40 years or AIDS at 50 years. The conversation starts now, for planning the end of AIDS. We have used three programmatic lenses to focus broad session topics and our discussions over the next two days: s 3CIENCE -EDICINE AND 0UBLIC (EALTH s !RTS !DVOCACY AND !CTIVISM s 'OVERNANCE ,EADERSHIP AND &INANCING Through these lenses, we seek multi-disciplinary, interactive sessions to truly engage all of us in planning what it will take to end the epidemic. With the beginnings of the scale-up of HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts worldwide, and with recent scientific advances, we’re at a global tipping point. We have the medical ability to prevent virtually all new HIV infections in infants and young children. Recent studies have also shown antiretroviral therapy can greatly reduce the chance of transmitting HIV in adults. Expanded AIDS funding, innovative financing mechanisms and new efficiencies have increased access and saved millions of lives. The end is within our grasp, but the end game will not be easy. We’d like to emerge from this symposium with a declaration that we can take forward; declaring that now’s the time to be bold, to expand our efforts, and to plan for the end of AIDS. We’d like to call on our institutions, governments, and global agencies to begin the planning for the virtual end of not only the pediatric epidemic, but the virtual end to AIDS—period. Let’s plan to put an end to these decade anniversaries. Let’s take what we’ve learned over 30 years of fighting to plan what we can do to actually stop another 30 years of preventable infections and lives lost. Thank you for joining us in this conversation.

Ric

Richard Marlink, MD Program Chair, AIDS@30 Bruce A. Beal, Robert L. Beal, and Alexander S. Beal Professor of the Practice of Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health Executive Director of the Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Senior Advisor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

Welcome Message from Richard Marlink | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 3 Global Advisory Council

Stefano Bertozzi Gottfried Hirnschall Sigrun Møgedal Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation World Health Organization The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services Kevin De Cock Elly Katabira Centers for Disease Control International AIDS Society Peter Piot and Prevention London School of Hygiene & Michel Kazatchkine Tropical Medicine Anthony Fauci The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, National Institutes of Health Tuberculosis and Malaria David Scheer Scheer & Company, Inc. Harvey Fineberg Charles Lyons Institute of Medicine Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Michel Sidibé AIDS Foundation UNAIDS Julio Frenk Chair, AIDS@30 Global Advisory Council Richard Marlink David Wilson Program Chair, AIDS@30 The World Bank Helene Gayle CARE USA Michael Merson Duke Global Health Institute Eric Goosby U.S. Department of State

4 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Global Advisory Council Steering Committee

Julio Frenk Richard Marlink Chair, AIDS@30 Global Advisory Council Program Chair, AIDS@30 Dean of the Faculty, Harvard School of Public Health Bruce A. Beal, Robert L. Beal, and Alexander S. Beal Professor of the Practice of Public Health, T & G Angelopoulos Professor of Public Health and Harvard School of Public Health international Development, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Kennedy School of Government Executive Director of the Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Senior Advisor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

Hans-Olov Adami Clyde Crumpacker Rajesh Gandhi Harvard School of Public Health Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School David Bangsberg Michelle Giuliana Harvard Medical School David Cutler Harvard School of Public Health Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dan Barouch Anne Goldfeld Harvard Kennedy School of Govern- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard School of Public Health, ment, Harvard School of Public Health Harvard Medical School Barry Bloom Victor DeGruttola Harvard School of Public Health Sue J. Goldie Harvard School of Public Health Harvard University, Harvard School of David Bloom Bruce Donoff Public Health, Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Dental Medicine Todd Golub Ronald Bosch Felton Earls Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health, William Graham Linda Brady Harvard Medical School Harvard Divinity School, Harvard Faculty Harvard School of Public Health Marilyn Edmunds of Arts and Sciences Allan Brandt Harvard School of Public Health Robert Greenwald Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, April Edrington Harvard Law School Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health Jerome Groopman Dan W. Brock M. Essex Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School Harvard University, Harvard School of Soﬁa Gruskin Kristin Brown Public Health, Botswana–Harvard AIDS Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Institute Partnership Jessica Haberer Stephen Calderwood Mansour Safaie Farahani Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Public Health Daniel Halperin Paul Campbell Paul Farmer Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Partners in Health, Brigham and David Hamer William Clark Women’s Hospital Boston University School of Public Health Harvard Kennedy School of Government Wafaie Fawzi Evelynn Hammonds Harvard School of Public Health Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences Ellen Cooper Boston University School of Medicine, Sarah Fortune Robert Hecht Boston Medical Center Harvard School of Public Health Results for Development Institute

Deborah Cotton Kenneth Freedberg Boston University School of Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Annals of Internal Medicine Harvard Medical School

Steering Committee | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 5 Steering Committee

Staffan Hildebrand Kenneth McIntosh Edward Ryan Face of AIDS Project Harvard Medical School, Harvard Harvard School of Public Health, School of Public Health Harvard Medical School Martin Hirsch Harvard Medical School, Harvard Marc Mitchell Paul Sax School of Public Health, Massachusetts Harvard School of Public Health Harvard Medical School General Hospital Joia Mukherjee Rochelle Scheib Douglas Hopper Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health Robert Murphy George Seage David Hunter Northwestern University Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health, Megan Murray David Shapiro Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health Phyllis Kanki Harvard Medical School Roger Shapiro Harvard School of Public Health Edward A. Nardell Harvard School of Public Health, Gerald T. Keusch Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School Boston University School of Public Health Harvard Medical School Jonathan Simon Tamera Kingston Marcello Pagano Boston University School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Joseph Sodroski David Knipe Judith Palfrey Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School, Harvard Harvard Medical School School of Public Health Daniel Kuritzkes Ellie Starr Harvard Medical School Michael Porter Harvard School of Public Health Harvard University, Harvard Jennifer Leaning Donald Thea Business School Harvard School of Public Health, Boston University School of Public Health Harvard Medical School Alvin Poussaint Rochelle Walensky Harvard Medical School Elinor Levy Harvard Medical School Boston University School of Medicine Julie Rafferty Bruce Walker Harvard School of Public Health Judy Lieberman Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT Harvard Medical School Michael Reich and Harvard Harvard School of Public Health Shahin Lockman Lee-Jen Wei Harvard School of Public Health, Joseph Rhatigan Harvard School of Public Health Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School, Harvard Rebecca Weintraub School of Public Health Elena Losina Harvard Medical School, Brigham Boston University School of Public Health William Rodriguez and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Wendy Mariner Phill Wilson Boston University Schools of Public Eric Rubin Black AIDS Institute Health, Law and Medicine Harvard School of Public Health, Dyann Wirth Harvard Medical School Kenneth Mayer Harvard School of Public Health Harvard Medical School, The Fenway Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

6 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Steering Committee Sub-Committee Co-Chairs

Julio Frenk Chair, AIDS@30 Global Advisory Council Dean of the Faculty, Harvard School of Public Health T & G Angelopoulos Professor of Public Health and international Development, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard Kennedy School of Government Richard Marlink Program Chair, AIDS@30 Bruce A. Beal, Robert L. Beal, and Alexander S. Beal Professor of the Practice of Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health Executive Director of the Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Senior Advisor, Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

Science, Medicine, and Public Health Co-Chairs M. Essex Harvard University, Harvard School of Public Health, Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership

Martin Hirsch Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital

Bruce Walker Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard

Arts, Advocacy, and Activism Co-Chairs Paul Farmer Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Partners in Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Kenneth Mayer Harvard Medical School, The Fenway Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center

Phill Wilson Black AIDS Institute

Governance, Leadership, and Financing Co-Chairs Allan Brandt Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Medical School

Robert Hecht Results for Development Institute

Rebecca Weintraub Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Sub-Committee Co-Chairs | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 7 Welcome Message from Staffan Hildebrand—From Stigma to Hope

As a documentary film producer, I have been documenting global aspects of HIV/AIDS for 25 years. As a result of my filming, the Face of AIDS film archive gradually has been developed. Our first partner was the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, joined by other academic institutions, organizations, and networks related to HIV/AIDS. Harvard School of Public Health is among those, and has been an active partner with the Face of AIDS project for many years. The result is a unique film archive, containing more than 1,000 hours of unedited film material, shot by myself and my teams all over the world between 1987 and 2011. Some 50 documentary films have been produced within the project, many of them produced for presentation at international AIDS conferences and other AIDS-related events. The goal of the project is to develop the Face of AIDS into a world-leading digital online film archive, focusing on telling the human story of HIV/AIDS through a global health perspective. I am proud to have been part of the planning of the AIDS@30 symposium at Harvard. When the planning started two and a half years ago, Dean Julio Frenk assigned me to produce a documentary film for the symposium, based on uniquely selected film sequences from the Face of AIDS archive, as well as new film material. When we were discussing the content of the film, Dean Frenk asked me which issues had the strongest impact on me during my travels around the world. The answer was easy: It was to witness how stigma, discrimination, and exclusion—which surrounds HIV/AIDS and specific groups of people affected by the disease—in so many ways have hampered and continue to hamper an effective response to the epidemic. At the same time, in my filming, I have also been witnessing how many brave and committed people from all over the world, young and old, have become involved in confronting stigma, discrimination, and exclusion. Therefore my new documentary film, From Stigma to Hope, will focus on portraying some of those people. People who stand in the frontline to combat HIV/AIDS, by promoting human rights, sexual reproductive health and rights, and the emerging arena of global health. These brave people have been a very strong inspiration in my continuous documentation and many of them have become my longtime friends. I am happy to invite the participants in the AIDS@30 symposium to meet them in our film. They will talk about their experiences, but also about how they perceive the future fight against HIV/AIDS. I welcome you to watch the film!

Staffan Hildebrand Producer and Founder, Face of AIDS Project

8 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Welcome Message from Staffan Hildebrand Symposium Supporters

The organizers of AIDS@30 would like to thank the following organizations for their generous support.

Lead Supporters Janssen Global Services Merck ViiV Healthcare

Partner Supporters Gilead Sciences Harvard University Center for AIDS Research* MAC AIDS Fund Sanoﬁ US

Contributing Supporters Beth V. and Carmine A. Martignetti Samuel P. Peabody and Elizabeth Peabody, In Memory of Judith Peabody

Additional Support Multiple ofﬁces at Harvard University as well as the following organizations have provided input, perspective, and support for AIDS@30. Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation Fenway Community Health Center International AIDS Society The Global Business Coalition

UNAIDS

*An NIH funded program (P30 AI060354), which is supported by the following NIH Institutes and Centers (NIAID, NCI, NIMH, NIDA, NICHD, NHLBI, NCCAM, FIC, NIA, and OAR)

Symposium Supporters | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 9 Day 1 Agenda: Thursday, December 1, 2011

Time Event Location

Ground Floor 7:45 AM–9:00 AM Registration and Breakfast Lobby

9:00 AM–9:45 AM Welcome and Opening Remarks Auditorium

9:45 AM–11:15 AM SESSION 1: The Future of HIV Prevention Auditorium

Ground Floor 11:15 AM–11:45 AM Break Lobby

11:45 AM–1:15 PM SESSION 2: International Mobilization and National Leadership Auditorium

Ground Floor 1:15 PM–2:15 PM Lunch Lobby

2:15 PM–3:45 PM SESSION 3: Global and Local Health Disparities Auditorium

Ground Floor 3:45 PM–4:15 PM Break Lobby

4:15 PM–5:15 PM Global Premiere: From Stigma to Hope Auditorium

5:15 PM–5:30 PM Closing Remarks Auditorium

5:30 PM–7:00 PM Reception to Follow at the Conference Center

10 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Day 1 Agenda Day 2 Agenda: Friday, December 2, 2011

Time Event Location

8:00 AM–8:30 AM Limited Registration,* Breakfast Ground Floor Lobby

8:30 AM–10:00 AM SESSION 4: Ending Pediatric AIDS Auditorium

10:00 AM–10:30 AM Break Ground Floor Lobby

10:30 AM–12:00 PM SESSION 5: The Future of HIV Treatment Auditorium

12:00 PM–1:00 PM Lunch Ground Floor Lobby

1:00 PM–2:30 PM SESSION 6: Is an HIV Vaccine Possible? Auditorium

2:30 PM–3:00 PM Break Ground Floor Lobby

3:00 PM–4:30 PM SESSION 7: Funding the Global AIDS Response Auditorium

4:30 PM–5:00 PM Closing Remarks Auditorium

*Registration only required for those who did not attend Day 1

Day 2 Agenda| AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 11 Opening and Closing Remarks: Biographies

Video Remarks, Day 1: as a Staff Physician at the Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. Dr. Garber is a Fellow of the President Bill Clinton, served as the 42nd American College of Physicians and of the Royal College of President of the United States, and is Physicians, and an elected member of the American Society the Founder of the William J. Clinton for Clinical Investigation, the Association of American Physi- Foundation. The Foundation works cians, and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy to improve global health, strengthen of Sciences. He serves as a member of the Board on Science, economies, promote healthier child- Technology, and Economic Policy of the National Acad- hoods, and protect the environment by emies. After graduating summa cum laude from Harvard fostering partnerships among govern- College with an AB in Economics in 1976, he earned AM ments, businesses, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and PhD degrees in Economics from Harvard University, and and private citizens to turn good intentions into measurable an MD from Stanford University School of Medicine. He was results. It works to improve lives through several initiatives, trained in medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. including the Clinton Health Access Initiative (formerly the Clinton HIV/ AIDS Initiative), which is helping 4 million people living with HIV/AIDS access lifesaving drugs. Other initiatives, Closing Remarks, Day One: like the Clinton Climate Initiative, the Clinton Development Harvey V. Fineberg, MD, PhD is President Initiative, and the Clinton Giustra Sustainable Growth Initia- of the Institute of Medicine. He previ- tive, apply a business-oriented approach worldwide to ﬁght ously served Harvard University as Pro- climate change and develop sustainable economic growth vost for 4 years and 13 years as Dean of in Africa and Latin America. And his Clinton Global Initiative the School of Public Health. He helped brings together global leaders to devise and implement in- found and served as President of the novative solutions to some of the world’s most pressing issues. Society for Medical Decision Making In addition his Foundation work, President Clinton has joined and has been a consultant to the World with former President George H.W. Bush three times—after Health Organization. His research has included assessment the 2004 tsunami in South Asia, Hurricane Katrina in 2005, of medical technology, evaluation of vaccines, and dissemi- and Hurricane Ike in 2008—to help raise money for recovery nation of medical innovations. At the Institute of Medicine, efforts and served as the U.N. Envoy for Tsunami Recovery. he has chaired and served on a number of panels dealing President Clinton was named U.N. Special Envoy for Haiti in with health policy issues, ranging from AIDS to new medical 2009 to assist the government and the people of Haiti as they technology. He also served as a member of the Public Health “build back better” after a series of hurricanes battered the Council of Massachusetts from 1976–1979, as Chairman of country in 2008. Following this year’s devastating earthquake, the Health Care Technology Study Section of the National President Clinton dedicated Clinton Foundation resources to Center for Health Services Research from 1982–1985, and as help with immediate and long-term relief and assistance, President of the Association of Schools of Public Health from and joined with President George W. Bush to establish the 1995–1996. He is the author or co-author of numerous books Clinton Bush Haiti Fund. Additionally, President Clinton serves and articles on subjects ranging from HIV prevention to medi- as co-chair of the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission with cal education. Dr. Fineberg holds four degrees from Harvard, Prime Minister Bellerive. including the MD and PhD in Public Policy.

Opening Remarks, Day One: Closing Remarks, Day One: Alan M. Garber, MD, PhD is Provost of Jeffrey S. Flier, MD is the 21st Dean of Harvard University, Mallinckrodt Profes- the Faculty of Medicine at Harvard sor of Health Care Policy at Harvard University, appointed in July 2007. Medical School, and Professor in the Flier, an endocrinologist and one of Harvard Kennedy School Depart- the country’s leading investigators on ment of Economics. Before coming to the molecular causes of obesity and Harvard, he was the Henry J. Kaiser, Jr. diabetes, is also the Caroline Shields Professor and a Professor of Medicine at Walker Professor of Medicine at Harvard Stanford University, where he also served as founding Director Medical School. Previously he had served as Harvard Medi- of the Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research and cal School Faculty Dean for Academic Programs and Chief of the Center for Health Policy. From 1986 to 2011 he served

12 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Opening and Closing Remarks: Biographies Academic Officer for Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center collaboration that continues. For 25 years he has continuously (BIDMC), a Harvard teaching affiliate. Dean Flier’s research documented global and local aspects of HIV/AIDS on film. has produced major insights into the molecular mechanism The result is the unique Face of AIDS film archive, containing of insulin action, the molecular mechanisms of insulin resis- more than 1,000 hours of unedited and edited film material. tance in human disease, and the molecular pathophysiology As part of his project, Mr. Hildebrand has produced HIV/AIDS of obesity. He first joined the HMS faculty in 1978, as Chief of related documentaries for the International AIDS Society the Diabetes Unit at Beth Israel Hospital, becoming Chief of (IAS), WHO and UNAIDS, Geneva, Canadian International the Endocrine Division in 1990 and, in 2001, Chief Academic Development Research Council, (IDRC), U.S. National Institute Officer for the merged Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, (NIAID), Bethesda, Institute Flier has authored over 200 scholarly papers and reviews and of Human Virology, Baltimore, Southern Africa AIDS Trust has held many editorial positions. He is a fellow of the Insti- (SAT), Johannesburg, Discovery Channel USA, Channel Five tute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, the Australia, Karolinska Institutet and the Swedish Ministry of American Association for the Advancement of Science, and Foreign Affairs, and many more. The film he produced for the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Harvard’s AIDS@30 Symposium, From Stigma to Hope, contains film material from the Face of AIDS film archive as well as new material. Opening Remarks, Day One; Closing Remarks, Day Two: Opening Remarks, Day One; Julio Frenk, MD, MPH, PhD is Dean of Faculty at the Harvard School of Public Closing Remarks, Day Two: Health and T & G Angelopoulos Profes- Richard Marlink, MD is a medical oncol- sor of Public Health and International ogist and a Professor in the Department Development, a joint appointment be- of Immunology and Infectious Diseases tween the Harvard Kennedy School of at the Harvard School of Public Health. Government and HSPH that he has held He also serves as the Executive Director since January 2009. Dr. Frenk served of the Harvard School of Public Health as the Minister of Health of Mexico from 2000 to 2006, where AIDS Initiative and is the Senior Advi- he introduced universal health insurance. He has also held sor for Medical and Scientific Affairs at leadership positions at the National Institute of Public Health the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Since 1985, of Mexico, the Mexican Health Foundation, the World Health Dr. Marlink has directed HIV/AIDS-related research, training Organization, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the and health systems strengthening in Botswana, Brazil, Congo, Carso Health Institute. He is a member of the Institute of Cote d’Ivoire, Puerto Rico, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Medicine, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Thailand and Zambia. With Max Essex, he helped create the the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico. In September Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, officially estab- of 2008, Dr. Frenk received the Clinton Global Citizen Award lished in 1996. Under his direction, the Partnership and the for changing “the way practitioners and policy makers across Botswana Ministry of Health launched the KITSO AIDS Training the world think about health.” Program in 1999, which helps train all cadres of healthcare providers, and is now Botswana’s national HIV/AIDS training program. At Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Film Producer: Dr. Marlink is the Principle Investigator for Project HEART, the Staffan Hildebrand, a Swedish docu- Foundation’s five-country PEPFAR program in Africa. This proj- mentary film producer, was based in ect alone has enrolled over a million people living with HIV Bangkok between 1971–75 as a young into clinical care, with over 500,000 of those placed on anti- Far East correspondent for the National retroviral treatment and over 450,000 pregnant women living Swedish TV News, covering the end of with HIV placed on treatment to prevent HIV transmission to the Vietnam War. In the 1980s he di- their offspring. Dr. Marlink is Editor-in-Chief of the Foundation’s rected several full-length feature mov- three-volume text, From the Ground Up: Building Compre- ies targeting a young audience, based hensive HIV/AIDS Care Programs in Resource-Limited Settings, on true stories. All of them became box office hits. In 1987 he involving 235 authors from over 60 institutions internationally. started the Face of AIDS film documentation project in close collaboration with the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm—a

Opening and Closing Remarks: Biographies | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 13 Thursday, December 1, 2011 Session 1: The Future of HIV Prevention 9:45 AM–11:15 AM

Recent studies have shown antiretroviral therapy can greatly reduce the chance of transmitting HIV. New evidence also suggests pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be an effective prevention intervention, especially among high-risk populations. How will these historic scientiﬁc advances change the approach HIV prevention?

Key Questions: s #AN THE USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS FOR PREVENTION BE COST EFFECTIVE s 7HAT POPULATIONS SHOULD BE PRIORITIZED s 7HAT ARE THE BIO MEDICAL IMPLICATIONS PARTICULARLY REGARDING THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASED drug resistance? s 'IVEN THE PROMISE OF USING ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS FOR PREVENTION WHAT ROLE WILL BEHAVIORAL interventions play in the future?

Perspective: Wafaa El-Sadr, MD, MPH is Professor of Epidemiology and Medicine at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health (MSPH) and College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Director of ICAP, a large center she established at MSPH that addresses key global health challenges. She also leads the Global Health Initiative at MSPH. She is a recognized leader in global health with interests in HIV, tuberculosis maternal/child health, capacity building, and health systems strengthening. Her work bridges a commitment to local and global public health and she has a deep appreciation of the breadth of issues needed to transform the health of populations. Through ICAP, large scale programs have been established in sub Saharan Africa that link research, education, training, and practice with a focus on HIV, related conditions, and health system strengthening. Through her leadership of the Global Health Initiative, great strides have been made to strengthen linkages and synergies between the many diverse endeavors by the faculty of the school. Her work and scholarship have appeared in many leading journals and she was named a MacArthur Fellow in 2008.

Moderator: M. Essex, DVM, PhD is the Lasker Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard University, Chair of the Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, and Chair of the Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute in Gaborone, Botswana. He was one of the ﬁrst to link animal and human retroviruses to immunosuppressive disease. For this he shared the Lasker Award, the highest medical research award given in the United States, with Gallo and Montagnier in 1986. With his student, T. H. Lee, he was also the ﬁrst to identify gp120, the surface protein of HIV-1 that is used for blood screening and diagnosis of AIDS, as well as various vaccine designs. He has received numerous other awards and nine honorary degrees, and has published over 580 papers and 11 books, the latest being Saturday Is for Funerals. His current research includes comprehensive “test-and-treat” approaches to controlling the HIV epidemic, molecular epidemiology, the role of host genetic factors, and chemoprophylaxis, with emphasis on southern Africa.

14 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 1: The Future of HIV Prevention Participants: Deborah Birx, MD has been Director of Division of Global HIV/AIDS in CDC’s Center for Global Health since 2005. Dr. Birx oversees all of CDC’s global HIV/AIDS activities in support of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which includes nearly 400 staff at headquarters, over 1,200 staff in the field, and more than 43 country offices in Africa, Asia, Caribbean, and Latin America. She has had decades of international experience in the field of HIV/AIDS. Beginning her career in 1985 as a trained clinician in immunology, Dr. Birx focused on HIV/AIDS vaccine research. From 1985–1989 she served as the Assistant Chief of the Allergy Immunology Service at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, earning the U.S. Meritorious Service Medal for her leadership in refining, validating, and standard- izing cell-mediated immunity testing in HIV-infected patients. She was also recognized with the U.S. Meritorious Service Medal for her ground-breaking work in organizing and implementing a vaccine therapy efficacy trial from 1990–1995. She served as the Director of the U.S. Military HIV Research Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research from 1996–2005 and received the Legion of Merit award for her leadership.

Robert (Bob) Grant, MD, MPH is a Senior Investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology and Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco. He has more than 26 years experience with AIDS clinical care and research, which includes 4 years in leading roles in epidemiological studies in San Francisco and Uganda, followed by a fellowship in Molecular Medicine, after which he started the Gladstone/ UCSF Laboratory of Clinical Virology in 1997 and the Gladstone Laboratory of Molecular Evolution in 2000. Dr. Grant is currently the protocol chair for the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (or PrEP) Initiative study, which involves use of antiviral agents to block transmission of HIV-1 to highly exposed persons, in addition to standard prevention care. This global clinical trial is sponsored by the U.S. NIH and has sites in Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, United States, South Africa, and Thailand. Dr. Grant’s laboratory is also interested in HIV-1 superinfection, drug resistance, and mutagenesis. Understanding when superinfection occurs, and when it does not, could provide clues to protective immunity that would guide HIV vaccine development.

Sharon L. Hillier, PhD is Professor and Vice Chair for Faculty Affairs, and Director of Reproductive Infectious Disease Research in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. She holds secondary appointments in the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and with the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, and is a Senior Investigator at the University of Pittsburgh- afﬁliated Magee-Womens Research Institute. Dr. Hillier is an internationally recognized microbiologist whose work is at the intersection of women’s health and HIV prevention. She is Principal Investigator for the Microbicide Trials Network and for an NIH-funded project looking at alternative formulations for microbicides. Dr. Hillier’s research has focused on understanding both the preventive and causative roles that certain microorganisms in the vagina have with respect to genital tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, and pre-term birth, and on the evaluation of vaginal microbicides. Dr. Hillier has received numerous prestigious awards, and in 2010 was named to a two-year term as chair of the NIH Ofﬁce of AIDS Research (OAR) Advisory Council.

Nancy Padian, PhD, MPH is an internationally recognized leader in the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. For the last 25 years, she has led numerous initiatives dedicated to improving the health status of women and girls around the world by conducting research on HIV/AIDS and STIs, reproductive health, domestic violence, gender and economic inequities, contraceptive technologies, and female-initiated methods of HIV prevention. She is a senior technical advisor at the Ofﬁce of the Global AIDS Coordinator (PEPFAR) and a faculty member at the University of California, Berkeley in the Department of Epidemiology. Dr. Padian is an elected member of the Institute of Medicine, the American Epidemiology Society, and the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research. She frequently consults for UNAIDS, WHO and the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH).

John C. Pottage Jr., MD is Chief Scientific and Medical Officer of ViiV Healthcare. He oversees R&D, Regulatory, Safety and Medical Affairs. Dr. Pottage is the former SVP, Infectious Diseases Medicine Development Centre for GSK. He previously held senior positions at Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Achillion Pharmaceuticals, where he helped lead a successful IPO in 2006 and led the HIV and HCV development programs. Before joining the pharmaceutical industry, Dr. Pottage was Associate Professor of Internal Medicine in the Section of Infectious Diseases at Rush Medical College in Chicago. While at Rush, he was Director of the Outpatient HIV Centre. Dr. Pottage is board certified in both Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease. He is the author of more than 50 peer-reviewed medical articles as well as the author of several chapters in Infectious Disease textbooks.

Session 1: The Future of HIV Prevention| AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 15 Thursday, December 1, 2011 Session 2: International Mobilization and National Leadership 11:45 AM–1:15 PM

This past decade, PEPFAR, the Global Fund, and other donor organizations have pumped billions of dollars into the global AIDS response. The scale-up has saved millions of lives and established the AIDS response as a global priority. Amid a rapidly changing funding landscape, and efforts to transfer responsibility from donors to country leaders, how will national leaders sustain the AIDS response?

Key Questions: s 7HAT IS THE MOTIVATION FROM EXTERNAL DONORS TO SHIFT RESPONSIBILITY TO INDIVIDUAL COUNTRY LEADERS s (OW CAN HEALTH SYSTEMS BE STRENGTHENED TO BOLSTER THE !)$3 RESPONSE WHILE ALSO ADDRESSING neglected diseases? s 7HERE SHOULD ONE LOOK FOR EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL NATIONAL LEADERSHIP (OW HAVE THESE COUNTRY leaders sustained viable AIDS responses? s )S IT POSSIBLE FOR COUNTRY LEADERS TO CREATE SUSTAINABLE RESPONSES WHILE STILL RELYING ON EXTERNAL FUNDS s (OW SHOULD hSUSTAINABILITYv BE MEASURED

Perspective: Mariângela Simão, MD, MSc joined UNAIDS in July 2010 from the Ministry of Health in Brazil, where she had worked since 2006 as the Director of the Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS. She has worked in the Brazil- ian public health system since 1982, from the primary health care level to a series of managerial positions throughout the years. As a public health professional at municipal, state and national levels, she played an active role in the de- centralization of the national health system, acquiring extensive experience in health system strengthening. She has also served on the boards of a number of organizations and government committees related to public health and HIV. Heading the National Sexually Transmitted Diseases/AIDS Department (including Viral Hepatitis from 2009), she had the responsibility of overseeing and implementing the national Sexually Transmitted Diseases/AIDS/Viral Hepatitis policies, including universal and free of charge access to treatment, care and comprehensive prevention programs. She currently works at UNAIDS Secretariat in Geneva, heading the Prevention, Vulnerability and Rights Division. Dr. Simão attended medical school in Brazil, with degrees in Paediatrics and Public Health, and MSc in Mother and Child Health (UK).

Moderator: Phyllis Kanki, DVM studies the pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology of HIV in Africa. She has led AIDS research programs in Senegal for more than 20 years, where her research focused on identification and reduced transmission of HIV-2, cross protection between HIV-2 and HIV-1, and the genetics, pathology biology and epidemiology of differ- ent HIV-1 genotypes. From 2000–2005, Dr. Kanki directed the AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN), a program she created with a grant from the Gates Foundation. Since 2004, Dr. Kanki has served as the principal investigator for the U.S.-funded Harvard PEPFAR program, which provides training, capacity building and targeted evaluation in three partner countries (Nigeria, Tanzania, Botswana), with the goal of scaling up access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The program has now provided ART to over 155,000 patients in the three countries with significant operational research that contributes to the success of the program. She directs HSPH’s partnership with five universities in the Medical Edu- cation Partnership in Nigeria. Dr. Kanki has provided mentoring for more than 30 doctoral students and fellows from from African Countries and the US.

16 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 2: International Mobilization and National Leadership Participants: Elly Katabira trained as a medical doctor at Makerere University and as a physician, specializing in Neurology at the University of Manchester (UK). Since his return to Uganda in 1985, Dr. Katabira has worked extensively in the ﬁeld of care and support for people living with HIV. He is Clinical Advisor at the AIDS Clinic in Mulago Hospital and at the Infectious Diseases Institute of Makerere University College of Health Sciences. In 1990, he was recognized as a World AIDS Foundation International Scholar. The author of more than 200 published scientiﬁc articles and abstracts, Dr. Katabira was elected a member of IAS Governing Council in the African Region in 2000. Since then he has actively participated in many IAS activities, including Co-Chair of the IAS-Industry Liaison Forum and Co-Editor of the Journal of the International AIDS Society. Dr. Katabira has undertaken several consultancies on HIV and AIDS care and support for UNAIDS and WHO, as well as for Family Health International. He is co-founder of The AIDS Support Organiza- tion, serving as their Medical Advisor since 1987, and is a founding member of the Academic Alliance of AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa.

Festus Mogae was President of Botswana from 1998–2008 and is Chairman of the Champions for an HIV-Free Genera- tion. As President, he earned international praise for his efforts to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana, one of the countries hit hardest by the disease. He was one of the ﬁrst heads of state in the world to be publicly tested for HIV. Under his administration, Botswana became the ﬁrst country in Africa to provide free anti-retroviral therapy to citizens most in need. In 2004, he introduced routine “opt-out” HIV testing, which has dramatically increased the number of people who know their HIV status. Botswana also has made impressive strides in preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission and caring for children orphaned by AIDS. His Excellency Mogae studied economics at Sussex and Oxford universities in the United Kingdom, and worked in various civil service posts throughout his career, including Minister of Finance and Development Planning (1989–92) and Vice President (1992–98). He has received a number of international awards, including the 2008 Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership and the Grand Cross of the Legion d’honneur in France.

Anders Nordström, MD is Ambassador for HIV/AIDS in Sweden’s Ministry for Foreign Affairs, a post he has held since August 2010, and serves on the boards of UNAIDS, The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, GAVI, and PMCH. As a medical doctor from the Karolinska Institut in Sweden, Dr. Nordström has a background that combines development experience in the field, national and international health policy and planning, and strategic leadership. His first international assignments were with the Swedish Red Cross in Cambodia and the International Committee of the Red Cross in Iran. He worked initially for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency for 12 years, including three years as Regional Health Advisor in Zambia and four years as Head of the Health Division in Stock- holm. During 2002, Dr. Nordström was the Interim Executive Director for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and, in 2003, took office as Assistant Director-General at WHO for General Management. He was the Acting Director-General of WHO from May 2006 until January 2007, when he was appointed Assistant Director-General for Health Systems and Services. From January 2008 until June 2010 Dr. Nordström served as Director-General for the Swedish International Agency for Development Cooperation.

Suniti Solomon, MD is Director of the Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), a non- profit organization she founded in 1993 that offers HIV and sexuality education for adolescents and youth, voluntary counseling and testing services, and outpatient and inpatient services for over 15,000 persons living with HIV. It has an international reputation as a premier medical and behavioral research center. Dr. Solomon has been working in this field since her team first detected HIV in 1986. She serves as a scientific member on several national committees and has published extensively on HIV epidemiology, prevention, care and support, biomedical research, research ethics, and gender issues. She holds an MD from Madras University and trained in pathology in the United Kingdom and the United States. She has received two Lifetime Achievement Awards for her work with AIDS. She was also awarded an honorary doctoral degree in 2006 from Brown University and a Fellow of the Academy, from National Academy of Medical Science, New Delhi in 2010.

Session 2: International Mobilization and National Leadership | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 17 Thursday, December 1, 2011 Session 3: Global and Local Health Disparities 2:15 PM–3:45 PM

Over the last several decades tremendous advances have been made, particularly in recent years with the scaling-up of antiretroviral treatment and new advances in HIV prevention. Some say the medical tools to end the epidemic now exist. Yet, all the progress is set against the backdrop of shrinking resources and widening health disparities. How should signiﬁcant medical breakthroughs be implemented, while assuring that those without resources, including those in the United States, are not left behind?

Key Questions: s (OW CAN PUBLIC HEALTH LEADERS EFFECTIVELY ADDRESS STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION IN PARTICULAR among high-risk populations? s 7HAT ROLE ARE COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS PLAYING IN REACHING UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS AND how are local HIV/AIDS services adapting to the global economic slowdown? s $OES THE 5NITED 3TATES .ATIONAL ()6!)$3 3TRATEGY SUFlCIENTLY ADDRESS THE NEEDS OF HIGH RISK populations, such as black gay men and MSM? s (OW HAVE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE WORLD ADDRESSED DISPARITIES AND WHAT HAVE BEEN THE MOST effective approaches?

Perspective: Paul Farmer, MD, PhD is a Founding Director of Partners In Health (PIH), an international non-proﬁt organization that provides direct health care services, research and advocacy on behalf of those who are sick and living in poverty. A medical anthropologist and physician, Dr. Farmer is the Kolokotrones University Professor at Harvard University, Chair of Harvard Medical School’s Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Chief of the Division of Global Health Equity at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. He served ten years as medical director of a charity hospital, L’Hôpital Bon Sauveur, which he helped found in rural Haiti and, since 2009, has been a UN Deputy Special Envoy for Haiti, under Special Envoy Bill Clinton. His work focuses on community-based treatment strategies for infectious diseases in resource-poor settings, health and human rights, and the role of social inequalities in determining disease distribution and outcomes. Among his notable awards are the Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize (2005) and MacAr- thur Foundation “genius grant” (1993), which he donated to PIH to start a research program, the Institute for Health and Social Justice.

Perspective: Kenneth H. Mayer, MD is a Visiting Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Attending Physician at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. He previously was Professor of Medicine & Community Health at Brown University and Director of the Brown University AIDS Program. He is the Medical Research Director of the Fenway Community Health Center in Boston, where he has conducted studies of the natural history and transmission of HIV since 1983. While doing his fellowship in Infectious Diseases at Harvard Medical School, Dr. Mayer was one of the ﬁrst clinical researchers in Boston to see patients with AIDS and HIV infection. He has published extensively on AIDS, speciﬁcally on topics concerning the natural history, behavioral epidemiology, transmission variables, and public policy aspects of the epidemic. He is now a Principal Investigator of the NIH HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) and Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) and co-Principal Investigator of the NIH HIV Vaccine Trial Network (HVTN). He has been on the Board of Directors of amFAR, HIVMA, and GLMA, and is a member of the Governing Council of the International AIDS Society. He is a special topics editor for Clinical Infectious Diseases and Associate Editor of AIDS Patient Care and STDs. He has co-authored more than 450 original publications and co-edited 5 texts.

18 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 3: Global and Local Health Disparities Moderator: Phill Wilson is President and CEO of the Black AIDS Institute, whose mission is to stop the AIDS pandemic in Black communities by engaging and mobilizing Black institutions and individuals in efforts to confront HIV. Prior to founding the Institute, Mr. Wilson was the AIDS Coordinator for the City of Los Angeles (1990 to 1993) and Director of Policy and Planning at AIDS Project Los Angeles (1993 to 1996). He was the coordinator of the International Community Treatment and Science Workshop at the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th International AIDS Conferences and was a member of the U.S. delegation to the 1994 World AIDS Summit in Paris. He has worked extensively on HIV/AIDS policy, research, prevention and treatment issues in Russia, Latvia, the Ukraine, the UK, Holland, Germany, France, Mexico, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, India, and Botswana. Mr. Wilson co-founded the National Task Force on AIDS Prevention, as well as many other AIDS service and community-based organizations, including the Chris Brownlie Hospice, the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, the National Minority AIDS Council, and the Los Angeles County Gay Men of Color Consortium.

Participants: Dázon Dixon Diallo, MPH is Founder and President of SisterLove, Incorporated, established in 1989, the first women’s HIV/AIDS organization in the southeastern United States. She is also adjunct faculty in women’s health at Morehouse School of Medicine’s Masters of Public Health Program in Atlanta, Georgia. Ms. Diallo has been engaged in HIV/AIDS and women’s human rights for more than 27 years. She is a founding board member of SisterSong Women of Color Reproductive Justice Collective, chairs the Fulton County HIV/AIDS Services Planning Council and the Steering Com- mittee of the Global Campaign for Microbicides, and co-chairs the Community Advisory Board of the HOPE Clinic, Emory University’s HIV Vaccine and Microbicides Research Center. She developed a prevention intervention that is now a part of the CDC’s National Compendium of Evidenced-based HIV Prevention Interventions and established the first transitional housing program for HIV-positive women and children. In 2001, Dixon Diallo opened a SisterLove program office in Mpumalanga, a rural South African Province near Johannesburg, with a focus on capacity building and sustainable development for local, women-led HIV/AIDS organizations.

Jean William Pape, MD is Professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York and Director of Les Centres GHESKIO, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Dr. Pape completed his Medicine and Infectious Diseases training at Cornell, and joined the Cornell faculty prior to returning to his native Haiti in 1980. Subsequently, he defined the etiology of diarrhea in infants and introduced oral rehydration therapy into Haiti, with a decrease in the hospital infant mortality rate from 40%, to less than 1% within one year. In 1982, Dr. Pape and colleagues founded the “Haitian Study Group on Kaposi’s sarcoma and opportunistic infections (GHESKIO),” the first institution in the world dedicated to the fight against AIDS. He assumed an international leadership role and has been unrelenting in his efforts to implement programs for the prevention and control of AIDS and tuberculosis in Haiti and other resource-poor countries. Dr. Pape is the recipient of many national and international awards including the French Legion d’honneur (2002), election to the U.S. Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (2003), the National Alive Treasure of Haiti award, the Gates 2010 award and the Clinton Global Initiative award.

Jorge Saavedra, MD, MPH is Global Ambassador at the AIDS Healthcare Foundation. From 2003 to 2009, he was the Head of the National AIDS Program of Mexico (CENSIDA), where he led the successful effort to provide access to lifesaving antiretroviral therapy to all Mexican citizens living with HIV/AIDS through the national health system. He founded the first ambulatory care clinic in Mexico in 2000, and from 2005 to 2009 he founded 52 new sites based on that Clinica-Condesa model. Dr. Saavedra has written several publications related to costs and financing of HIV in Latin America and Mexico and is the recipient of several national, regional and international awards and recogni- tions. An outspoken advocate on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment issues, Dr. Saavedra designed and led the first official government-approved media campaign to promote the use of condoms in Mexico. He has also been out front with the need to address stigma, discrimination and homophobia in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Mexico and around the world. He launched an official anti-machismo education campaign as well as a first government- endorsed anti-homophobia campaign in Mexico.

Session 3: Global and Local Health Disparities | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 19 Friday, December 2, 2011 Session 4: Ending Pediatric AIDS 8:30 AM–10:00 AM

Thirty years after the ﬁrst AIDS diagnosis, it is medically possible to prevent virtually all new HIV infections in infants and young children. However, mother-to- child transmission of HIV is still a signiﬁcant problem in many regions of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. How can the elimination of pediatric AIDS become a reality?

Key Questions: s 7HAT WILL IT TAKE TO ACTUALLY END PEDIATRIC !)$3 WORLDWIDE 7HAT BARRIERS MUST BE ADDRESSED TO ensure that new medical and scientiﬁc advances are put into action? s (OW SHOULD THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF CHILDREN BE PRIORITIZED IN THE RESPONSE TO THE EPIDEMIC s (OW HAVE COUNTRY LEADERS AND LOCAL PUBLIC HEALTH LEADERS EFFECTIVELY INCREASED PREVENTION OF mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT)? s 7HILE THERE IS THE MEDICAL ABILITY TO PREVENT VIRTUALLY ALL NEW ()6 INFECTIONS HOW MUCH WILL IT COST and where does ﬁnancial responsibility fall? s 7HAT ACTIONS SHOULD MOTHERS TAKE TO PREVENT MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION

Perspective: Florence Allen, also known as Florence Ngobeni, is from South Africa, and an ambassador of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the Southern African Liaison Ambassador for Orange Babies in Amsterdam, and a member of International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS. Florence has been an activist since 1997 on the forefront in South Africa and around the world fighting for girls and young women’s sexual and reproductive rights, access to HIV treatment, and prevention of mother-to-child-transmission. She does consulting and training with HIV SA on community/workplace projects and works with major development agencies and businesses on implementing HIV policies on testing and counseling. She participated in research on the availability of HIV/AIDS services for young girls and women with the International Planned Parenthood Federation. She has a community development and counseling diploma, HIV and AIDS management certificates, and certificates in management of HIV/AIDS from Johns Hopkins (USA), New Jersey Medical School (USA), University of South Africa, and Education Technikon Witwatersrand. Her activist work has won her numerous awards, including the Africa Heroes Award, 2005–2006 for community development and advocacy by the University of Ohio (USA).

Moderator: Charles Lyons is President and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. His professional emphasis is on children’s welfare, HIV/AIDS, and global development. Prior to joining the Foundation in 2010, Mr. Lyons was Director of Special Initiatives in the Global Development Program at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where he led a team dedicated to global poverty reduction. Prior to that, he spent more than 20 years in increasingly prominent roles with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), including Program Ofﬁcer for UNICEF Mozambique; Chief of Staff to the Executive Director at UNICEF headquarters; and President and CEO of the U.S. Fund for UNICEF. A longtime advocate for global health, he is a member of the Human Rights Watch Health and Human Rights Advisory Committee, and worked from its inception to develop the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), serving on the board of the GAVI Fund and chairing its executive committee from 2004 to 2006. In 2011, he was appointed by President Obama as U.S. Alternate Representative to the UNICEF Executive Board.

20 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 4: Ending Pediatric AIDS Participants: Elaine Abrams, MD is Senior Research Director at the ICAP and Professor of Pediatrics and Epidemiology at the Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons and the Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She began her career as a pediatrician at Harlem Hospital in New York City just as the first cases of pediatric HIV infection were being identified. Over the next 15 years Dr. Abrams was responsible for treating more than 1,500 HIV-exposed and infected children and their families. She was Director of the hospital’s Family Care Center and the principal investigator for several longstanding research collaborations and clinical trials focusing on prevention of mother-to- child HIV transmission and pediatric HIV treatment. As the scope of the pediatric epidemic in the United States has diminished, Dr. Abrams has shifted her focus to high HIV prevalence settings, primarily in Sub Saharan Africa. She is responsible for pediatric and PMTCT programming in 12 African countries where ICAP is supporting HIV prevention, care and treatment services. She chairs the NIH-funded IMPAACT Network’s Primary Therapy Scientific Committee and is a member of both the WHO and USPHS guidelines committees for pediatric HIV treatment and for prevention of mother-to-child transmission.

Angela Mushavi, MBChB is the National PMTCT (Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission) and Pediatric HIV Care and Treatment Coordinator in the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare in Zimbabwe. Dr. Mushavi chairs the National PMTCT Partnership Forum and provides technical leadership in scaling-up implementation of PMTCT and Pediatric HIV Care and Treatment as well as in identifying in priority areas for operational research. From 2007–2009 she worked with CDC Namibia as a PMTCT Technical Advisor to the Ministry of Health and Social Services. As a member of the U.S. team in Namibia, she actively participated in the revision of HIV and AIDS policy and guidelines. From 2004–2007, she was the Paediatrician running the Paediatric ART Clinic at Katutura State Hospital, a referral hospital in Windhoek, Namibia. Before that, she was Head of Division of the Harare Children’s Hospital in Zimbabwe and a consultant in charge of a ﬁrm delivering clinical care to children. A member of the Southern Africa HIV Clinicians Society and a steering committee member of the African Network for the Care of Children Affected by HIV/AIDS (ANECCA), Dr. Mushavi contributed to the publication of the ANECCA Handbook on Paediatric AIDS in Africa.

Joy Phumaphi is the Executive Secretary of the African Leaders Malaria Alliance. Her former positions include Vice President, Human Development Network at the World Bank; Assistant Director-General, Family and Community Health and Director-General’s Representative on Gender Equality at the World Health Organization. She has also served as the Minister of Health in Botswana. Joy is a distinguished Africa American Institute Fellow and is a member of the Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health, the Gates Foundation Advisory Panel for Global Health and The Global Health Council. Joy also serves as a trustee of the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation.

Session 4: Ending Pediatric AIDS| AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 21 Friday, December 2, 2011 Session 5: The Future of HIV Treatment 10:30 AM–12:00 PM

Combination antiretroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS has paved the way for a dramatic reduction in morbidity and mortality and the change of such treatment in developing countries is now promising. The future discovery of new agents— and new classes of agents—is highly dependent on investments from the private sector and the pharmaceutical industry. However, the risks for such investments are high, given the costs of creating therapies for populations that, for the most part, cannot afford them. How will the development and distribution of afford- able HIV therapeutics be sustained?

Key Questions: s 7HAT NEW AGENTS AND DELIVERY METHODS WILL BE AVAILABLE TO HELP ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF ACCESS and economic disparities? s 7HAT ROLE WILL THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND PRIVATE PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS PLAY IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT and distribution of HIV therapeutics?? s (OW SHOULD INNOVATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VIABLE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY BE ENCOURAGED within developing countries? s 7ILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO CURE ()6 INFECTION WITH NEW THERAPIES

Perspective: Jeffrey S. Murray, MD, MPH is Deputy Director for the Division of Antiviral Products (DAVP), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). He has worked in the Division in various capacities for 19 years. At DAVP, Dr. Murray has reviewed and approved applications for numerous HIV drugs, influenza drugs, and applications for hepatitis B and C products. He has co-authored FDA guidance documents in HIV drug development, development of HIV drugs for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the development of drugs for the treatment of Influenza and Chronic Hepatitis C. Dr. Murray received his MD from The Ohio State University, also in Columbus, and his MPH in Epidemiology and Biostatistics from George Washington University in Washington, DC. He completed his internship, residency and chief residency in Internal Medicine at Riverside Methodist Hospitals in Columbus, followed by a fellowship in Infectious Diseases (1990–1992) at the University of Cincin- nati Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. Murray is board certified in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases.

Moderator: Martin S. Hirsch, MD is Professor of Medicine at the Harvard Medical School, Professor of Infectious Diseases and Immunology at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a Senior Physician at the Massachusetts General Hospital. He is also the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Infectious Diseases. For over 40 years, Dr. Hirsch has worked in virology research. He has also trained many of the current leaders in virology and AIDS research. His group was the first to show that HIV could be isolated from both male and female genital secretions, as well as from the central nervous system. He conducted the first studies of antiretroviral drug combinations in vitro, and has extended these efforts into pioneering clinical trials of promising antiretroviral combination strategies against HIV/AIDS. Dr. Hirsch has won numerous awards, including the Maxwell Finland Award for Lifetime Scientific Achievement from the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), the Lifetime of Leadership Award from the International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA), and the Mentor Award from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).

22 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 5: The Future of HIV Treatment Participants: Daniel R. Kuritzkes, MD received his BS and MS degrees in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Yale University, and his MD from Harvard Medical School. He completed his clinical and research training in internal medicine and infectious disease at Massachusetts General Hospital, and was a visiting scientist at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedi- cal Research before joining the faculty at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. Dr. Kuritzkes returned to Harvard Medical School in 2002, where he is Professor of Medicine and Director of AIDS Research, Brigham & Wom- en’s Hospital. He currently serves as Principal Investigator and Chair of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, and as an As- sociate Editor of the Journal of Infectious Diseases. In January 2012, he will become Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. His research interests focus on antiretroviral therapy and drug resistance.

Dennis C. Liotta, PhD is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Chemistry at Emory University, where he has been a professor for 35 years. He is currently the Director of the Emory Institute for Drug Discovery, as well as Co-Director of the Republic of South Africa Drug Discovery Training Program and Editor-in-Chief of ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Dr. Liotta has authored over 200 research publications and holds approximately 70 U.S. patents. Over the last 25 years he has also developed experience in the discovery and development of pharmaceuticals. He has been a consultant to several major pharmaceutical firms, including Merck, Glaxo, Burroughs Wellcome, and Johnson & Johnson. He serves (or has served) on the Scientific Advisory Boards of several small biopharmaceutical companies, including Altiris (scientific founder), Pharmasset (scientific founder), iThemba Pharmaceuticals (scientific founder, SAB Chair), NeurOp, and FOB Synthesis. He is the inventor of several clinically important agents, including FTC (Emtriva®, Emtric- itabine), 3TC (Epivir®, Lamivudine), Reverset® (DPC 817, D-D4FC), Racivir, Elvucitabine (L-D4FC) and MSX-122. He is a Fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, among numerous honors and awards.

Roger Pomerantz, MD is Global Head of the Infectious Diseases Franchise and Senior Vice President at Merck & Co, Inc., in charge of all anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic agents, including global strategy. Prior to joining Merck in 2010, Dr. Pomerantz was President of Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the Virology and Infectious Diseases Research and Development Company within Johnson & Johnson. Under his leadership, the company launched Prezista, the ﬁrst true second generation anti-HIV protease inhibitor, and Intelence, the ﬁrst second generation anti-HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. From 1990–2005, he was Professor of Medicine, Biochemis- try and Molecular Pharmacology, Chief of Infectious Diseases, and the Founding Director and Chair of the Institute for Human Virology and Biodefense at the Thomas Jefferson University and Medical School in Philadelphia. Dr. Pomerantz received his post-graduate training in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases and Virology at the Massachusetts General Hospital and post-doctoral research training in Molecular Retrovirology at Harvard Medical School and the Whitehead Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the laboratory of Nobel Laureate David Baltimore (1988–1990).

Paul Stoffels, MD is Worldwide Chairman of Janssen, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Stoffels is leading the growth of the pharmaceutical business through R&D, partnerships and acquisitions. In his previous role as Global Head, Pharmaceutical R&D, he was instrumental in driving the growth of the pipeline of new medicines. He created one R&D organization across the pharmaceutical companies of Johnson & Johnson with a focus on discovering and developing new and innovative treatments for unmet medical needs. From 1997 until 2002, Dr. Stoffels was Chairman of Tibotec and Chief Executive Ofﬁcer of Virco, two biotech companies based in Belgium, which he continued to lead after their acquisition by Johnson & Johnson. At Tibotec, he led the development of HIV products, PREZISTA and INTELENCE. Dr. Stoffels began his career as a physician in Africa, focusing on HIV and tropical diseases research. When he returned to Belgium, he assumed responsibility for the infectious disease drug development at Janssen in Beerse. Dr. Stoffels studied Medicine at the University of Diepenbeek and the University of Antwerp in Belgium and Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Belgium.

Session 5: The Future of HIV Treatment | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 23 Friday, December 2, 2011 Session 6: Is an HIV Vaccine Possible? 1:00 PM–2:30 PM

In recent years, there have been signiﬁcant advances in the ﬁeld of HIV vaccine research, including the groundbreaking RV 144 trial in Thailand. What is the future of HIV vaccine research, how will it be sustained, and who will lead the global effort?

Key Questions: s 7HAT DOES THE LATEST RESEARCH TELL ABOUT THE LIKELIHOOD OF DEVELOPING A VACCINE s "ASED ON THE KNOWLEDGE AVAILABLE TODAY IS AN EFFECTIVE ()6 VACCINE SCIENTIlCALLY POSSIBLE s 7HAT ARE THE MOST SIGNIlCANT SCIENTIlC OBSTACLES IN ()6 VACCINE RESEARCH s (OW MUCH WILL IT COST TO lND OUT s 4O WHAT EXTENT WILL VACCINE TRIALS BE AFFECTED BY THE INCREASED STUDY OF ANTIRETROVIRALS FOR PREVENTION

Perspective: Anthony S. Fauci, MD is Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at the National Institutes of Health. Since his appointment as NIAID director in 1984, Dr. Fauci has overseen an extensive research portfolio devoted to preventing, diagnosing, and treating infectious and immune-mediated diseases. Dr. Fauci also is chief of the NIAID Laboratory of Immunoregulation, where he has made numerous important discoveries related to HIV/AIDS and is one of the most-cited scientists in the field. Dr. Fauci, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, has received numerous awards for his scientific accomplishments, including the National Medal of Science, the Mary Woodard Lasker Award for Public Service, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He has been awarded 36 honorary doctoral degrees and is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than 1,100 scientific publications, including several major textbooks.

Moderator: Bruce Walker, MD is a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investi- gator, and Director of the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard. In addition to his clinical duties as an infectious disease specialist, his research focuses on cellular immune responses in chronic viral infections, with a particular focus on HIV. He leads an international clinical and basic science research effort to understand how some rare people who are infected with HIV, but have never been treated, can ﬁght the virus with their immune system. Dr. Walker is also an Adjunct Professor at the Nelson Mandela School of Medicine in Durban. There he collaborates with the Doris Duke Medical Research Institute at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and is Principal Investigator in the HIV Pathogenesis Program, an initiative to study the evolution of HIV and effective immune response to it and to train the next generation of African scientists. He is also on the Steering Committee for the KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute to build a state-of-the art TB-HIV research facility at the heart of these dual epidemics in South Africa.

24 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 6: Is an HIV Vaccine Possible? Participants: Robert C. Gallo, MD is Director of the Institute of Human Virology and Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Prior to co-founding the Institute in 1996, he spent 30 years at the National Cancer Institute, where he headed the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology. He became world famous in 1984 for co-discovering the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS and pioneering the development of the HIV blood test, enabling HIV screening. His research also helped physicians develop HIV therapies to prolong the lives of those infected with the virus, including a discovery in 1996 that a natural compound known as chemokines can block the HIV virus and halt the progression of AIDS. His discoveries before the AIDS epidemic include the identification of human retroviruses (HTLV-1, also the first known virus to cause leukemia, and HTLV-2), Interleukin-2, as well as a new human herpes virus, HHV-6, later shown to cause roseola. Dr. Gallo’s research interests currently focus on the development of an effective HIV preventive vaccine and the development of innovative HIV therapies.

M. Juliana McElrath, MD, PhD is Senior Vice President and Member of Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC); Professor, Department of Medicine, Lab Medicine & Global Health, University of Washington; and Co- Director of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division (VIDD). She is the Principal Investigator of the HVTN Laboratory Program and Seattle Vaccine Trials Unit and has clinical attending responsibilities as an Infectious Diseases consult for the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and UW Hospital. Her current research pursues both a vaccine that will protect against HIV-1 infection and a deeper understanding of the components of immunity that contribute to control of HIV-1 disease. Dr. McElrath has built and maintains a successful international HIV vaccine laboratory program, and conducts translational immunological research in humans in a multicenter setting. She has contributed a funda- mental understanding of how HIV-1 enters the mucosa to establish infection, and mechanisms of potential reduced susceptibility to infection in sero-negative persons repeatedly exposed to HIV-1. In conjunction with a highly produc- tive research program, she has assumed a leadership role or been a major contributor in a number of integrated programs at the national and international level to advance a coordinated effort to tackle the HIV epidemic through prevention efforts.

Nelson L. Michael, MD, PhD is Director of the Division of Retrovirology at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and Director of the U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP). He guided MHRP through completion of the RV 144 HIV prime-boost vaccine study, a clinical trial that provided the world’s first demonstration that an HIV vaccine was possible. A Colonel in the United States Army Medical Corps, Dr. Michael entered his Army service in 1989 in WRAIR’s Department of Vaccine Research and later served as the Chief of the Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis. His research interests include HIV molecular pathogenesis and host genetics, HIV clinical research, and HIV vaccine development. He is a Professor of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, and a Diplomat, Ameri- can Board of Internal Medicine. Dr. Michael currently serves on numerous committees and working groups, including President Obama’s Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, the Vaccine Research Center Scientific Advisory Working Group, Office of AIDS Research Advisory Committee, AIDS Vaccine Research Subcommittee, Scien- tific Committee of the Global HIV AIDS Vaccine Enterprise, and the PEPFAR Scientific Advisory Board.

Jerald C. Sadoff, MD is Chief Medical Officer and Head of Development at Crucell in the Netherlands. Dr. Sadoff has spent his entire career developing vaccines for a large number of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. At the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, he held joint appointments as Director, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology and Associate Professor of Medicine at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. In 1995, he became Executive Director of Clinical Development of Vaccines at Merck, developing and obtaining licensure for eight vaccines. Dr. Sadoff joined the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation where he became President and Chief Executive Officer in 2003, developing the world’s leading portfolio on tuberculosis vaccine candidates. He is Chair of the USAID Malaria Vaccine Scientific Consultants Group, chairs several Scientific Advisory Boards for NIH-sponsored HIV vaccine efforts, serves on the NIAID AIDS Vaccine Research Working Group, the Scientific Advisory Board of the NIH Vaccine Research Center, and the Scientific Advisory Board of the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Over the last 35 years, he has authored over 300 articles, book chapters, and abstracts.

Session 6: Is an HIV Vaccine Possible? | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 25 Friday, December 2, 2011 Session 7: Funding the Global AIDS Response 3:00 PM–4:30 PM

Despite signiﬁcant advancements, recent data suggest that only approximately a third of those in need in low- and middle-income countries have access to antiretroviral therapy. The most recent data indicate total global spending on HIV/AIDS in 2009 was $15.9 billion, yet UNAIDS says billions more will be needed to close the gap. How will the future global AIDS response be ﬁnanced?

Key Questions: s 4AKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO SUSTAIN OR INCREASE current AIDS funding? s (OW SHOULD !)$3 FUNDING BE ORGANIZED AND ALLOCATED s 7HAT SHOULD BE THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Perspective: Michel D. Kazatchkine, MD is Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Dr. Kazatchkine has spent the past 25 years fighting AIDS as a leading physician, researcher, administrator, advocate, policy maker and diplomat. Prior to joining the Global Fund in 2007, he was Professor of Immunology at Université René Descartes and Head of the Immunology Unit of the Georges Pompidou Hospital in Paris. He has authored or co-authored more than 500 articles in peer reviewed journals, focusing on auto-immunity, immuno-intervention and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS. Dr. Kazatchkine has played key roles in various organizations, serving as Director of the National Agency for Research on AIDS in France from 1998 to 2005, Chair of the World Health Organization’s Strategic and Technical Advisory Committee on HIV/AIDS from 2004 to 2007, member of the WHO’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Group on tuberculosis from 2004 to 2007, and French Ambassador on HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases from 2005 to 2007. He was the first Chair of the Global Fund’s Technical Review Panel from 2002 to 2005 and has served as a Board member and Vice-Chair of the Board from 2005 to 2006.

Moderator: Allan M. Brandt, PhD is Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University, where he is the Amalie Moses Kass Professor of the History of Medicine. His work focuses on social and ethical aspects of health, disease, medical practices, and global health in the twentieth century. He is the author of No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880 (1987) and co-editor of Morality and Health (1997). He has written on the social history of epidemic disease, the history of public health and health policy, and the history of human experimentation, among other topics. His book The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall, and Deadly Persistence of the Product that Deﬁned America received the Bancroft Prize from Columbia University in 2008 and the Welch Medal from the American Association for the History of Medicine in 2011. He has been elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is currently writing about the impact of stigma on patients and health outcomes.

26 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | Session 7: Funding the Global AIDS Response Participants: Gregg Gonsalves has worked on behalf of people living with HIV since 1991. He is currently a fellow with the Open Society Foundations where he is comparing the response to HIV, tuberculosis and maternal and child health in Ukraine, South Africa and Brazil. He is also a fellow in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School and in the Division of the Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases at the Yale School of Public Health. In the 1990s, Gregg worked to streamline drug approval at the Food and Drug Administration and to improve the conduct of AIDS research at the National Institutes of Health. Since 2000, he has focused on expanding access to AIDS and TB drugs to all who need them around the world. He has co-founded three organizations: the Treatment Action Group, the International Treatment Preparedness Coalition and the CD4 Initiative and worked for two others: Gay Men’s Health Crisis and the AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa. He is a 2011 graduate of Yale College.

Robert Hecht, PhD joined the Results for Development as a Managing Director in April 2008, concurrent with the establishment of the new Institute. He oversees a portfolio of projects analyzing policy barriers and proposing solutions related to AIDS and vaccine ﬁnancing, health ﬁnancing reforms, and improving research and development and access to new health technologies. Before coming to R4D, Dr. Hecht spent four years as Senior Vice President for Policy and Advocacy at the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative and 20 years at the World Bank, where he occu- pied a number of senior posts, including head of the Bank’s central unit for Health, Nutrition, and Population; chief of operations for the Human Development Network; and principal economist in the Latin America region. From 1987 to 1996, Dr. Hecht was responsible for World Bank sponsored studies and projects in health, nutrition, and education in Africa and Latin America. Dr. Hecht was director of the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) from 1998 to 2001 and is the author of more than 40 articles, book chapters, and other publications.

Ira C. Magaziner founded the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) with former President Bill Clinton in 2002 and currently serves as its Chief Executive Ofﬁcer and Vice Chairman. He is also the Chairman of the Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI). From 1993 through 1998, he served as Senior Advisor to President Clinton for Policy Development at the White House. In this capacity, he supervised the development and implementation of the administration’s policy for commercialization of the Internet and worked with First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton on the development of the President’s Health Reform Initiative. Mr. Magaziner also chaired a joint National Economic Council/National Security Council Initiative to increase U.S. exports and was a member of the National Domestic Policy Council. Mr. Magaziner is one of America’s most respected corporate strategists. Prior to his White House appointment, he built two successful consulting ﬁrms and worked for the Boston Consulting Group in Boston, London, and Tokyo, helping major corpora- tions develop their business strategies. He graduated from Brown University as valedictorian of the class of 1969, and attended Balliol College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar.

Jean-Paul Moatti, PhD is an internationally recognized health economist, who has made a major impact on HIV/AIDS access and equity issues. Dr. Moatti is Professor of Economics at the University of Aix-Marseille, South-Eastern France, and Director of an INSERM (the French National Institute of Health) research group where since 2000 he has been actively involved in research related to access to HIV treatment and equity in health systems of developing countries. He has been the adviser for economic and social affairs to the Executive Director of the Global Fund Against AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria (GFATM), and he has been recently appointed as Director of the Institute of Public Health that coordinates all public research bodies in the ﬁeld in France. He has extensively published in health economics as well as biomedical and public health scientiﬁc journals.

John E. Tedstrom, PhD is President and CEO of GBCHealth. John joined GBCHealth in August, 2006, and since that time has steadily expanded the organization’s reach, deepened relationships with key partners, and initiated important organizational reforms to make operations more cost-effective and programs more impactful. Since John took over as Executive Director of GBCHealth in August 2006, membership has grown to include more than 200 companies and organizations across the globe. John also led the organization’s growth from an exclusive focus on HIV/AIDS to an agenda that included strong programs on tuberculosis and malaria beginning in 2007. Under John’s leadership, the organization unveiled a broader public health mandate in June 2011. Prior to joining GBCHealth, John founded and led the Transatlantic Partners Against AIDS (TPAA), an organization operating in Russia and Ukraine; served as the director for Russia, Ukraine, and Eurasian Affairs for the U.S. National Security Council during President Bill Clinton’s administration; worked as a economist and senior economist at the RAND Corporation; and held the Jacyk Chair at the Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs in 2000–2001.

Session 7: Funding the Global AIDS Response | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 27 AIDS@30 Outcomes

The AIDS@30 conversation will continue beyond the symposium, as we advance the initiative’s underlying goal of Engaging to End the Epidemic.

During and following the symposium, our audience, participants and the public are invited to review excerpts from the sessions and add to the conversation online at AIDSat30.org.

In addition to a symposium report, the symposium outcomes and key themes will be summarized and examined further by key AIDS@30 leaders in a peer-reviewed journal supplement, planned for publication ahead of the XIX International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2012) in Washington, D.C., next July.

Please visit the symposium website for news and updates about these special publications.

The Conversation Continues: AIDSat30.org

28 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic | AIDS@30 Outcomes Symposium Attendee List

Elaine Abrams Deborah Birx Chris Collins ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman Centers for Disease Control amfAR, The Foundation for School of Public Health and Prevention AIDS Research

Nadia Abuelezam Judie Blair Ellen Cooper Harvard School of Public Health South Africa Development Fund Boston Medical Center Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Georgette Adjorlolo-Johnson Ronald Bosch Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Harvard School of Public Health Hoosen Coovadia AIDS Foundation MatCH (Maternal, Adolescent and Judy Bradford Child Health) Myriam Afeiche Fenway Health Harvard School of Public Health Alice M. Cort Linda Brady Massachusetts General Hospital Evgenia Aga Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Deborah Cotton Allan Brandt Boston University School of Medicine Anu Agrawal Harvard University Harvard School of Public Health Clyde Crumpacker Dan Brock Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Olalekan Akanbi Harvard Medical School Deaconess Medical Center Harvard School of Public Health Michele Broemmelsiek Jan-Walter De Neve Fadhlun Al-Beity Catholic Relief Services Harvard School of Public Health Boston University Kristin Brown Victor DeGruttola Andreas Alfredsson Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Now and Then Digital Brandt Burgess Documentation AB Shelly Dhir NIH/NIAID ViiV Healthcare Kathleen Hennessy Amirault Alberto Caban-Martinez Harvard School of Public Health Dazon Dixon Diallo Harvard School of Public Health SisterLove, Inc. Leah Anderson Sean Cahill Merck John Dillon Fenway Health ViiV Healthcare David Bangsberg Stephen Calderwood Massachusetts General Hospital Robert Dintruff Massachusetts General Hospital Abbott Alexandre Barbosa Patricia Case Universidade Estadual Paulista Raphael Dolin Fenway Health Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Nomampondo Barnabas Monique Chaplin Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Peter Donaldson Harvard School of Public Health Population Council Donna Barry Richelle Charles Partners in Health Bruce Donoff Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Dental Medicine Ingrid Bassett Huabiao Chen Massachusetts General Hospital Christopher Dunne Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT Harvard School of Public Health Candice Beaubien and Harvard National Institutes of Health Felton Earls Miriam Chernoff Harvard School of Public Health Joan Beckwith Harvard School of Public Health/Center Philadelphia College of for Biostatistics in AIDS Research Marilyn Edmunds Osteopathic Medicine Harvard School of Public Health Andrea Ciaranello Noor Beckwith Massachusetts General Hospital April Edrington Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT Harvard School of Public Health Joseph Colagreco and Harvard Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Wafaa El-Sadr ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health

Symposium Attendee List | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 29 Symposium Attendee List

Karen Emmons Stephen Gluckman Martha Henry Harvard School of Public Health/ University of Pennsylvania Harvard School of Public Health Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Hillary Goldhammer Staffan Hildebrand M. Essex Fenway Health Now and Then Digital Harvard School of Public Health Documentation AB Gregg Gonsalves Natalie Exner PIDSC/Global Health and Sharon Hillier Harvard School of Public Health Social Medicine University of Pittsburgh

Mansour Farahani William A. Graham Martin Hirsch Harvard School of Public Health Harvard University Harvard Medical School

Paul Farmer Robert Grant Douglas Hopper Harvard Medical School Gladstone Institute of Virology Harvard School of Public Health and Immunology Anthony Fauci Hortencia Hornbeak National Institute of Allergy and Robert Greenwald NIH/NIAID/DEA/SRP Infectious Diseases Legal Services Center of Harvard Mary Jo Hoyt Law School Wafaie Fawzi University of Medicine and Dentistry of Harvard School of Public Health Laura Guay New Jersey Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Mark Feinberg David Hunter AIDS Foundation Merck & Co., Inc. Harvard School of Public Health Cara Guenther Harvey Fineberg Emily Hyle Harvard College Institute of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Chirﬁ Guindo Jeffrey Flier Mark Ingaciola Merck Sharp & Dhome Corp Harvard Medical School Harvard University Jessica Haberer Kenneth Freedberg Ulf Janzon Massachusetts General Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp Jill Hagey Julio Frenk Seth Kalichman Yale University Harvard School of Public Health University of Connecticut Anders Hagstrom Robert Gallo Phyllis Kanki Now and Then Digital Institute of Human Virology Harvard School of Public Health Documentation AB Kathryn Galvin Elly Katabira Donald Hamel Harvard School of Public Health International AIDS Society Harvard School of Public Health Rajesh Gandhi Vaibhav Katkade Evelynn Hammonds Massachusetts General Hospital EMD Serono Harvard University Alan Garber Michel Kazatchkine Leslie Hardy Harvard University The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, The Merck Company Foundation Tuberculosis and Malaria Wilfredo García Beltrán Padmini Harigopal Harvard Medical School Keitumetse Kebaanetswe Fenway Health Champions for an HIV Free Generation Sarah Gheuens Robert Hecht Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Michelle Kendall Results for Development Harvard School of Public Health Isabelle Girault Shirin Heidari Merck & Co., Inc. Orla Kennedy International AIDS Society Harvard School of Public Health Michelle Giuliana Nicholas Hellmann Harvard School of Public Health Tamera Kingston Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Harvard School of Public Health Elizabeth Glaser AIDS Foundation Heller School for Social Policy, David Knight Brandeis University Anti Slavery International

30 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic |Symposium Attendee List Symposium Attendee List

David Knipe Charles Lyons Peter Muiruri Harvard Medical School Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Foundation Constance Khabe Koloi Joia Mukherjee Champions for an HIV Free Generation Iain MacLeod Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health Arba Kokalari Oliver Murima Now and Then Digital Documentation Ira Magaziner Champions for an HIV Free Generation AB/Face of AIDS Clinton Health Access Initiative Jeffrey Murray Daniel Kuritzkes Wendy Mariner FDA/Division of Antiviral Products Brigham and Women’s Hospital/ Boston University Angela Mushavi Harvard Medical School Richard Marlink Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Founda- Ana Langer Harvard School of Public Health tion/Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Harvard School of Public Health Zene Matsuda Ramadhani Mwiru Kristine Laping Institute of Medical Science, University Harvard School of Public Health Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center of Tokyo Edward Nardell Samantha Lattof Kenneth Mayer Harvard Medical School Harvard School of Public Health Fenway Health Florence Ngobeni-Allen Sylvia Lee Bethany Maylone Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Foundation

Ann Lee Helen McDowell Julia Njoroge National Institutes of Health ViiV Healthcare Harvard School of Public Health

Sandra Lehrman Julie McElrath Anders Nordström Merck & Co., Inc. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Ministry for Foreign Affairs Research Center Alyssa Letourneau Joel Novendstern Massachusetts General Hospital/ Kathy Melbourne Ranbaxy Brigham and Women’s Hospital Gilead Sciences Tej Nuthulaganti Susan Levin Nelson Michael Harvard School of Public Health Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Conall O’Cleirigh Elinor Levy Matthew Mimiaga Fenway Health Boston University School of Medicine Fenway Health Nancy Padian Humberto Licona Festus Gontebanye Mogae University of California, Berkeley Brigham and Women’s Hospital Champions for an HIV-Free Generation Jean Pape Judy Lieberman Rosemary Moleski Weill Cornell Medical College and Immune Disease Institute Boston Medical Center Centres GHESKIO

Dominique Limet Antigoni Morou Elizabeth Penniman ViiV Healthcare Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric and Harvard AIDS Foundation Jane Lindsey Harvard School of Public Health Christopher Mtamakaya Ben Perkins Harvard School of Public Health Fenway Health Dennis Liotta Emory Institute for Drug Discovery Expeditho Mtisi Vivian Peterson Harvard School of Public Health Lynn Community Health Center Shahin Lockman Brigham and Women’s Hospital/ Jean Paul Moatti Benjamin Phelps Harvard School of Public Health AVIESAN/INSERM USAID

Elena Losina Vamsi Mootha Roger Pomerantz Brigham and Women’s Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital Merck & Co., Inc.

Symposium Attendee List | AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic 31 Symposium Attendee List

John Pottage Roger Shapiro Martha Vibbert ViiV Healthcare Harvard School of Public Health SPARK, Boston Medical Center

Kathleen Powis David Shapiro Jon Vincent Harvard School of Public Health Harvard School of Public Health Fenway Health

Julie Rafferty Holly Shepherd Vish Viswanath Harvard School of Public Health South Africa Development Fund Harvard University

Christen Reardon Renslow Sherer Rochelle Walensky Harvard School of Public Health University of Chicago Massachusetts General Hospital

Michael Reich Mariângela Simão Bruce Walker Harvard School of Public Health UNAIDS Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Todd Reinhart Jonathon Simon University of Pittsburgh Boston University, Center for Global Alan Whiteside Health & Development Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Sari Reisner Research Division (HEARD) Fenway Health R.J. Simonds Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric Phill Wilson Joseph Rhatigan AIDS Foundation The Black AIDS Institute Brigham and Women’s Hospital Laura Smeaton Dyann Wirth Jessica Riviere Harvard School of Public Health Harvard University Bristol-Myers Squibb Suniti Solomon Robin Wood Christopher Rowley YRG CARE Desmond Tutu HIV Centre Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Donna Spiegelman Thomas Zeltner Elizabeth Russell Harvard School of Public Health Global Patient Safety Forum Harvard School of Public Health Ellie Starr Jose Zuniga Naomi Rutenberg Harvard School of Public Health International Association of Physicians in Population Council AIDS Care Paul Stoffels Edward Ryan Johnson & Johnson Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard University Jeffrey Sturchio Global Health Council Jorge Saavedra AIDS Healthcare Foundation John Tedstrom GBCHealth Jerald Sadoff Crucell Donald Thea Boston University N.M. Samuel Concern for AIDS Research Meredy Throop and Education Partners in Health

Maheswar Satpathy Idia Thurston National Centre in HIV Social Research, Children’s Hospital Boston University of New South Wales (UNSW) Katie Tiger Paul Schaper Harvard School of Public Health Merck Ildiko Toth George R. Seage III Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard

Celicia Serenata Virginia Triant Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) Massachusetts General Hospital

Tracy Shahan Rodney Vanderwarker NIH/NIAID Fenway Health List reﬂects registration at time of press.

32 AIDS@30 Engaging to End the Epidemic |Symposium Attendee List

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