Record of the Armored Searobin Peristedion Barbiger (Garman, 1899) (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) Off Peru with Taxonomic Notes

Species Diversity 17: 135–144 25 November 2012

Record of the Armored Searobin Peristedion barbiger (Garman, 1899) (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) off Peru with Taxonomic Notes

Miki Tenda1 and Toshio Kawai2,3 1 Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan Present address: Keikyu Aburatsubo Marine Park, 1082 Koajiro, Misaki-cho, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan. 2 Fisheries Science Center, Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 3 Corresponding author (Received 20 April 2012; Accepted 22 October 2012)

A large series of Peristedion barbiger (Garman, 1899) was collected in the eastern Pacific off Peru during a joint survey conducted by the Japan Deep Sea Trawlers Association and the Instituto del Mar del Perú in 1998–2003. No detailed description of P. barbiger has been published since the original description, and the availability of 285 new specimens provided an opportunity to determine the extent morphological variability within this species. Our study revealed that the pres- ence or absence of nasal spines and the shape of the preopercular margin, both having been used previously as taxonomic characters, vary intraspecifically. The species is diagnosed as having 16–19 dorsal-fin soft rays; 31–34 bony plates in the upper lateral row; 14–19 lower gill rakers; 17–25 chin barbels in total; short pectoral fin, 13.3–17.8% of SL; a relatively short pair of filamentous barbel on the lip, 26.4–57.1% of HL; a broad, spatulate rostral projection of a length 19.7–39.5% of HL; and a large black spot on the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. In addition, we herein designate a lectotype for P. barbiger. Key Words: Nasal spine, preopercular, intraspecific variation, type status, lectotype.

Japan (HUMZ), the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Introduction Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA (MCZ), and the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural His- The peristediid genus Peristedion Lacépède, 1801 is char- tory, Suitland, MD, USA (USNM). Counts and proportional acterized by a lack of upper jaw teeth, a smooth lateral mar- measurements follow Kawai et al. (2004, 2008), except the gin of the head, and the posterior bony plates in the lower distance between the tips of the rostral projections follows lateral rows being contralaterally sutured along the midline Miller (1967a) and the head width is measured between the (Kawai 2008). The genus comprises 24 benthic species of sensory pores at the base of the preopercular spine of each armored searobin inhabiting tropical and temperate waters side. All measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm of the world oceans (Miller and Richards 2002; Kawai 2008; with digital calipers and dividers. The terminology and Bussing 2010). counts for the bony plates and barbels (Fig. 2) follow Ya- In 1998–2003, 285 specimens of Peristedion barbiger were tou and Okamura (1985), with all plates in each row count- collected at depths of 134–531 m, off Peru in the eastern Pa- ed. The terminology for the cranial spines follows Miller cific (Fig. 1) during explorations conducted jointly by the (1967a). Gill rakers were counted on the outer side of the Japanese research vessel “Shinkai-maru” and the Peruvian first arch of the right side; the single gill raker between the research vessel “Humboldt.” Kawai (2009) subsequently re- upper and lower limbs is included in the lower limb count. ported the species based on 10 of these specimens, but the Standard length and head length are abbreviated as SL and description was very brief and lacked detail. Peristedion HL, respectively. Specimens collected from off Peru are de- barbiger has not been fully treated since it was originally described here, and the data based on type specimens are scribed by Garman (1899) from the Pacific side of Panama. shown only in the tables. The species is redescribed herein on the basis of the 285 new specimens from Peru and a lectotype is designated for it. Peristedion barbiger (Garman, 1899) (Figs 3–8; Tables 1–4)

Materials and Methods Peristedium barbiger Garman, 1899: 110–112 (type locality: off Pacific coast of Panama). The examined specimens are deposited in the collec- Peristedion barbiger: Teague 1961: 14–15 (type locality); tions of the Hokkaido University Museum, Hakodate, Chirichigno F. and Vélez D. 1998: 262–263 (off Peru);

Fig. 1. Sampling localities for the examined specimens of Peristedion barbiger. Solid circles, non-type specimens; open circle, type locality.

Fig. 2. Diagramatic illustration of lip and chin barbels in Peristedion, showing three lip groups and six chin groups of barbels.

Chirichigno F. and Cornejo U. 2001: 175 (off Peru); HUMZ 173419, 1 specimen, 165 mm SL, 3°37.9′S, Kawai 2009: 248 (off Peru); Bussing 2010: 1156 (off Pa- 81°12.5′W to 3°39.4′S, 81°12.5′W, 241–255 m depth, 8 May cific coast of Costa Rica). 2000; HUMZ 173578–173581, 4 specimens, 106–122 mm Peristedion sp. aff. barbiger: Chirichigno F. and Vélez D. SL, 3°40.0′S, 81°01.1′W to 3°41.3′S, 81°02.5′W, 326–332 m 1998: 260–261 (off Peru); Chirichigno F. and Cornejo U. depth, 6 May 2000; HUMZ 173618, 1 specimen, 111 mm 2001: 175 (off Peru). SL, 3°45.3′S, 81°03.7′W to 3°45.9′S, 81°03.9′W, 286–289 m depth, 6 May 2000; HUMZ 180062–180066, 5 specimens, Material examined. Peru (285 specimens): HUMZ 166–182 mm SL, 5°18.6′S, 81°18.9′W, Sep. 2001; HUMZ 167926–167928, 3 specimens, 137–142 mm SL, 4°04.0′S, 180145–180147, 3 specimens, 164–210 mm SL, 3°39.4′S, 81°10.3′W to 3°51.5′S, 81°13.9′W, 300–316 m depth, 18 81°11.7′W to 3°39.7′S, 81°11.8′W, 420–432 m depth, 24 Sep. Aug. 1999; HUMZ 167960–167961, 2 specimens, 159– 2001; HUMZ 185666, 1 specimen, 156 mm SL, 3°58.6′S, 171 mm SL, 3°45.9′S, 81°18.8′W to 3°47.3′S, 81°20.1′W, 81°11.4′W to 3°58.1′S, 81°10.6′W, 456–421 m depth, 20 Sep. 531–505 m depth, 10 Aug. 1999; HUMZ 168024–168028, 2002; HUMZ 189168, 1 specimen, 142 mm SL, 5°17.6′S, 5 specimens, 147–153 mm SL, 3°37.8′S, 81°12.4′W to 81°20.2′W to 5°16.1′S, 81°20.4′W, 134–138 m depth, 16 Oct. 3°39.5′S, 81°13.5′W, 235–256 m depth, 10 Aug. 1999; 2003; HUMZ 185991, 1 specimen, 78.0 mm SL, off Peru, Peristedion barbiger off Peru 137

Fig. 3. Peristedion barbiger. A, HUMZ 189055, 184 mm SL; B, MCZ 28708, lectotype, 106 mm SL.

Table 1. Proportional measurements expressed as percentages of standard length (SL) of Peristedion barbiger.

Non-types Lectotype Paralectotypes n=285 MCZ 28708 n=4 Standard length (mm) 77.7–212 106 122–146 Measurements (% SL) Body depth 13.4–19.7 21.1 17.2–20.4 Body width 13.5–21.2 18.5 15.5–17.1 (n=3) Head length 33.8–39.8 37.8 35.9–37.8 Head depth 14.1–20.1 19.8 17.9–19.6 Head width 20.2–26.4 (n=284) 28.7 24.4–28.3 Distance between tips of rostral 3.5–11.2 (n=231) Broken 4.5–5.9 (n=2) projections Rostral projection length 7.0–14.7 (n=270) Broken 7.9–10.4 Snout to dorsal fin 33.2–39.8 38.6 36.5–38.4 Snout to anal fin 47.1–53.4 49.6 50.5–53.6 Snout to anus 42.9–48.8 45.1 44.1–47.7 Snout length 14.4–17.7 16.5 15.1–17.5 Filamentous barbel length 9.7–21.9 12.8 12.0–15.9 Upper jaw length 8.9–12.6 (n=284) 11.4 10.7–11.6 Orbital diameter 7.6–11.0 11.3 9.3–10.4 Interorbital width 7.2–10.6 9.2 7.6–9.4 Preopercular spine length 7.3–13.1 (n=266) 11.2 9.5–11.5 Pectoral fin length 13.3–17.8 15.6 12.9–14.8 Upper detached pectoral fin ray 19.3–26.1 Broken 20.8–24.5 (n=3) length Lower detached pectoral fin ray 14.5–20.7 Broken 14.8–19.1 (n=2) length Pelvic fin length 15.5–22.5 21.5 18.3–20.6 First dorsal spine length 6.3–12.6 (n=281) 10.4 9.0–9.7 (n=3) Caudal peduncle length 9.5–14.2 11.2 9.7–11.5 Caudal peduncle depth 1.8–3.4 2.9 2.5–2.7 138 M.Tenda and T. Kawai

Table 2. Frequency distribution of counts for fins, bony plates, gill rakers, and vertebrae in Peristedion barbiger.

Dorsal fin spines 7 8 9 n=290 13 274*5 3

Dorsal fin soft rays 16 17 18 19

n=289 1 44 217*5 27

Anal fin rays 16 17 18 19 20

n=290 2 10 148*3 1272 3

Pectoral fin rays (including 12 13 14 15 two detached rays)

n=290 42 34*3 240 12

Principal caudal fin rays 10 11 12

n=284 2 82 200*4

Bony plates in dorsal row 26 27 28 29

n=290 4 671 208*4 11

Bony plates in upper lateral 31 32 33 34 row

n=290 6 77 193*5 14

Bicuspid bony plates in up- 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 per lateral row

n=290 1 6 70*2 1602 481 4 1

Bony plates in lower lateral 22 23 24 25 26 row

n=290 5 78*3 1942 12 1

Bony plates in ventral row 17 18 19 20 21 22

n=290 1 5 3 94*3 1762 11

Bony plates before anus (left 2/2 2/3 3/2 3/3 side/right side)

n=290 280*5 7 2 1

Upper gill rakers 2 3 4 5 6

n=290 2 25*3 2262 36 1

Lower gill rakers 14 15 16 17 18 19

n=290 14 84 1161 59*1 153 2

Vertebrae 31 32 33 34 n=212 10 701 128 4

* Lectotype. MCZ 28708, 106 mm SL. Superscript figures showing number of lectotype and paralectotype specimens (5 in all) showing each state.

2002; HUMZ 189054–189064, 189316–189318, 210443– 210647–210649, 210651–210653, 210656–210667, 210670– 210452, 210454–210462, 210464–210468, 210470, 210472– 210673, 210675–210679, 210681–210682, 210687–210688, 210482, 210484–210489, 210491–210492, 210494–210498, 210691–210693, 210695–210696, 210699–210702, 210704– 210500–210501, 210504–210505, 210507, 210510–210511, 20705, 210707–210718, 210721–210723, 210726, 210728, 210513–210515, 210517–210522, 210524–210528, 210530– 210731–210733, 210735, 210737–210739, 210742, 210748– 210538, 210541, 210543–210544, 210546–210552, 210554– 210749, 210751, 210755–210756, 210758, 210761, 210790, 210564, 210566–210567, 210569, 210571, 210574–210578, 210792, 212990, 258 specimens, 77.7–212 mm SL, 3°49.1′S, 210580, 210582–210588, 210590, 210592–210596, 210598– 80°59.6′W to 3°48.0′S, 80°58.8′W, 157–155 m depth, 18 Oct. 210607, 210609–210621, 210624–210640, 210642–210645, 2003. Peristedion barbiger off Peru 139

Table 3. Frequency distribution of lip barbels in Peristedion barbiger.

Number of First group Second group barbels 2 3 4 1 2 3 Left side 6 283*5 1 287*5 3 Right side 7 280*5 3 2 284*5 4

Number of Third group (filamentous barbel) barbels 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Left side 2 7 25 611 80*1 633 34 11 3 1 Right side 1 1 2 3 8 291 60 78 573 31*1 16 4

* Lectotype. MCZ 28708, 106 mm SL. Superscript figures showing number of lectotype and paralectotype specimens (5 in all) showing each state.

Comparative material. Panama (5 specimens): MCZ Six (rarely 5 or 7) groups of barbels on chin (Table 4). Bran- 28708, lectotype (designated here), 106 mm SL, 7°26′10″N, chiostegal rays 7. Gill membrane united to isthmus. 79°53′50″W, 102 m depth, 9 Mar. 1891; MCZ 28707, 3 para- Bony plates on body arranged in 4 rows. First and second lectotypes, 122–146 mm SL, USNM 153601, paralectotype, bony plates in dorsal row larger than other dorsal plates. 144 mm SL, 7°40′00″N, 79°17′50″W, 232 m depth, 8 Mar. First and second bony plates before anus very large. Each 1891. plate with single backwardly directed spine, except 21st– Diagnosis. A species of Peristedion with the following 28th to 30th–33rd (mode 24th to 32nd) plates of upper lat- combination of characters: dorsal-fin soft rays 16–19; bony eral row with bicuspid spines (Fig. 6); most posterior such plates in upper lateral row 31–34; lower gill rakers 14–19; plate ending at penultimate one. Each bony plate in ventral total chin barbels 17–25; pectoral fin short, 13.3–17.8% SL; row and before anus with blunt, backwardly directed spine. pair of filamentous barbel on lip relatively short, 26.4–57.1% Tenth and 11th (8th and 9th, 9th and 10th, or 11th and 12th HL; rostral projection spatulate and broad, length 19.7– in some specimens) plates in upper lateral row inserting be- 39.5% HL; large black spot on spinous portion of dorsal fin. tween 6th and 7th (3rd and 4th, 5th and 6th, or 7th and 8th Description. Counts and proportional measurements in some specimens) plates in dorsal row (Fig. 7). Two (rarely provided in Tables 1–4. 3) bony plates before anus (Fig. 8). Body elongated, covered with bony plates except for ven- Dorsal fin originating between first and second bony tral side of head anteriorly. Head large and depressed. Dis- plates of dorsal row. Anal fin originating just posterior to tance from snout to dorsal fin nearly equal to head length. anus. Pectoral fin reaching to anus; lower 2 rays detached Small to large spines on both nasals (Fig. 4C, D) in 194 and thickened. Jointed pectoral fin shorter than, or nearly specimens, no remarkable spines on either nasal (Fig. 4A) equal in length to lower detached pectoral fin ray. Pelvic fin in 72 specimens, and small to large spine on either left or soft rays progressively elongated and reaching to anus. Cau- right side (Fig. 4B) in 19 specimens. Eyes large. Interorbital dal fin truncate. deeply concave, width nearly equal to orbital diameter. Ros- Color when fresh (based on photograph: Fig. 3A). Head tral projections spatulate, broad and long, with single spine and body reddish to pink, except for whitish ventral side of at base of each; tips of rostral projections parallel or angled head, pectoral fin base, and caudal peduncle. All fins red- slightly inward. Four sensory pores on ventral side of ros- dish to pink, except for yellowish-brown caudal fin. Spinous tral projection. Single spine on anterior part of second in- portion of dorsal fin with large black spot. fraorbital dorso-laterally. Rough ridge present below eye on Color in alcohol. Head, body, and fins yellowish brown; 4th infraorbital. Preopercular moderately broad, its poste- large black spot on spinous portion of dorsal fin, very small rior margin with acutely angled (=rounded) to right-angled black dots on soft portion of dorsal fin (faded in some speci- flange (Fig. 5A, B) or with simple (Fig. 5C) or bifurcate mens), and black band on caudal fin margin (faded in some spine (Fig. 5D). Supraocular and postocular spines absent. specimens). Posttemporal spine blunt with low ridge. Two sharp opercu- Distribution. Known only from eastern Pacific, from lar spines present; lower one with ridge. Frontal I spine stout Costa Rica to northern Peru, in depths of 102–531 m (Gar- and small on dorsoposterior region of orbit. Frontal II spine man 1899; Teague 1961; Chirichigno F. and Vélez D. 1998; weak. Parietal spine strong and large. Chirichigno F. and Cornejo U. 2001; Kawai 2009; Bussing Mouth inferior. Posterior tip of upper jaw reaching to be- 2010; present study). low posterior nostril. Posterior end of lower jaw situated be- Remarks. Garman (1899) described Peristedion bar- low anterior margin of orbit. Gill rakers on first arch warty biger on the basis of five syntypes, viz., MCZ 28707 (3 and serrated. No teeth on jaws, vomer, or palatines. Three specimens), MCZ 28708 (1), and USNM 153601 (1). Later, groups of barbels on lip (Table 3); posteriormost pair fila- Teague (1961) examined two specimens from MCZ 28707 mentous and longest, extending to below anterior margin of as cotypes and USNM 153601 as paratype. Recently, Bussing orbit (rarely extending to below posterior margin of orbit). (2010) used two type specimens (MCZ 28708 and USNM 140 M.Tenda and T. Kawai

Table 4A. Frequency distribution of chin barbels in Peristedion barbiger.

Specimens with 5 groups Number of Total in 5 groups First Second Third Fourth Fifth barbels 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 17 18 19 Left side 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 Right side 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1

Table 4B. Frequency distribution of chin barbels in P. barbiger.

Specimens with 6 groups Number of First Second Third barbels 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 Left side 5*4 2751 3 272*5 5 4 2661 9*4 1 Right side 6*4 2721 3 268*5 7 7 2562 14*3 1

Specimens with 6 groups Number of Fourth Fifth Sixth barbels 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 8 9

Left side 11 255*5 14 3 235*5 41 1 2 30 1011 120*4 25 2 Right side 18 252*5 8 11 236*5 31 2 39 98*1 1214 15 3

Number of Total in 6 groups barbels 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Left side 6 30 881 103*4 36 12 5 Right side 2 5 42 94*2 943 31 5 4 1

Table 4C. Frequency distribution of chin barbels in P. barbiger.

Specimens with 7 groups Number of First Second Third Fourth barbels 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 Left side 7 7 2 5 3 4 Right side 10 2 8 1 9 1 4 2 3

Specimens with 7 groups Number of Fifth Sixth Seventh barbels 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Left side 1 3 3 1 5 1 1 1 3 2 Right side 1 3 4 2 9 1 1 1 2 6

Number of Total in 7 groups barbels 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Left side 2 2 1 1 1 Right side 3 2 2 1 2

* Lectotype. MCZ 28708, 106 mm SL. Superscript figures showing number of lectotype and paralectotype specimens (5 in all) showing each state.

153601, the latter cited erroneously as USNM 15360) and clarify this issue we herein designate MCZ 28708, the speci- mentioned that one had been selected as lectotype by men chosen by Miller, as the lectotype, whereby the remain- George C. Miller, but Miller never published such a designa- ing four syntypes (MCZ 28707 and USNM 153601) become tion (William J. Richards, pers. comm.). The five type speci- paralectotypes. mens of Peristedion barbiger are, therefore, still syntypes. To Comparison. Peristedion currently comprises 23 valid Peristedion barbiger off Peru 141

Fig. 4. Lateral views of snout showing variation in nasal spine development in Peristedion barbiger. A, HUMZ 189058, 151 mm SL, no spine on either side; B, HUMZ 180146, 164 mm SL, large spine on right side only; C, HUMZ 189060, 179 mm SL, small spine on left side and large spine on right side; D: HUMZ 189061, 160 mm SL, large spine on both sides. Arrows point to nasal spines. Scale bars: 5 mm.

Fig. 5. Dorsal views of head of Peristedion barbiger, posteriorly showing preopercular margin. A, HUMZ 189063, 185 mm SL, acutely angled flange; B, HUMZ 168028, 153 mm SL, right-angled flange; C, HUMZ 210625, 120 mm SL, simple spine; D, HUMZ 189055, 184 mm SL, bifurcate spine. Arrows point to preopercular margins. Scale bars: 5 mm. described species and one undescribed species: P. barbiger, Teague, 1961, P. gracile Goode and Bean, 1896, P. g re y ae P. crustosum (Garman, 1899), P. nesium Bussing, 2010, and Miller, 1967, P. imberbe Poey, 1961, P. longispatha (Goode P. paucibarbiger Castro-Aguirre and Gracia-Dominguez, and Bean, 1886), P. miniatum (Goode, 1880), P. thompsoni 1984 from the eastern Pacific; P. amblygenys Fowler, 1938, Fowler, 1952, P. truncatum (Günther, 1880), P. unicuspis P. li orhy nchu s (Günther, 1872), P. nierstraszi Weber, 1913, P. Miller, 1967, and Peristedion n. sp. “t” (sensu Miller and orientale Temminck and Schlegel, 1843, P. riversandersoni Richards 2002) from the western Atlantic (Heemstra 1986; (Alcock, 1894), and P. weberi Smith, 1934 from the Indo- Hureau 1986; Richards 1999; Miller and Richards 2002; West Pacific; P. cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Yamada 2002; McEachran and Fechhelm 2005; Kawai 2008; eastern Atlantic; and P. altipinnis Regan, 1903, P. antillarum Bussing 2010). Teague, 1961, P. brevirostre (Günther, 1860), P. ecuadorense The characteristics of the Peruvian specimens examined 142 M.Tenda and T. Kawai

Fig. 6. Ventro-lateral view of pre-caudal region of Peristedion barbiger, showing nine biscuspid bony plates in upper lateral row. HUMZ 210676, 173 mm SL. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Fig. 7. Lateral view of central part of body of Peristedion barbiger, showing successive bony plates in upper lateral row. HUMZ 210522, 179 mm SL. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Fig. 8. Ventral views of abdomen of Peristedion barbiger, showing bony plates before anus. A, HUMZ 210446, 173 mm SL; B, HUMZ 210671, 165 mm SL; C, HUMZ 210679, 176 mm SL. Scale bars: 5 mm. in this study are correspond well to those of the lectotype Atlantic P. ecuadorense, P. g re y ae , P. longispatha, P. minia- and four paralectotypes examined here (Tables 1–4); there- tum, P. unicuspis, and Peristedion n. sp. “t” in having a mod- fore, we identify these Peruvian specimens as P. barbiger. erate number of total chin barbels (17–25 vs less than 14 Peristedion barbiger is easily distinguished from the east- in the first five species and 34–57 in Peristedion n. sp. “t”) ern Pacific P. crustosum and P. nesium in having a higher (Teague 1961; Miller 1967a, b; Miller and Richards 2002; number of total chin barbels (17–25 vs 13–14 and 10–15 McEachran and Fechhelm 2005), from the western Atlantic respectively) (Teague 1961; Richards and McCosker 1998; P. altipinnis in having longer filamentous barbel (26.4–57.1% Bussing 2010), from P. paucibarbiger in having a higher HL vs 18.1%) (Teague 1961), from the western Atlantic P. number of bony plates in the upper lateral row (31–34 vs gracile in having spatulate and broad rostral projections, and 29) (Castro-Aguirre and García-Domínguez 1984), from a large black spot on the spinous portion of the dorsal fin (vs all six Indo-West Pacific congeners in having a lower num- slender projections and no black spot) (Teague 1961; Miller ber of soft rays in the dorsal fin (16–19 vs more than 19) and Richards 2002; McEachran and Fechhelm 2005), and (Alcock 1894; Fowler 1938; Kamohara 1952; Miller 1974; from western Atlantic P. truncatum in having fewer lower Yamada 2002; Kawai and Yabe 2006), from the eastern At- gill rakers (14–19 vs 20–25) (Teague 1961; McEachran and lantic P. cataphractum in having a higher number of bony Fechhelm 2005). plates in the upper lateral row (31–34 vs 29–30) (FSFRL Peristedion barbiger was reported by Teague (1961) as dif- 1972; Hureau 1986), from the western Atlantic P. antilla- fering from P. altipinnis in having nasal spines (vs lacking rum, P. brevirostre, P. imberbe, and P. thompsoni in having a them). While Richards and McCosker (1998) and Bussing short pectoral fin (13–18% SL vs more than 18%) (Teague (2010) stated that P. barbiger differs from P. crustosum and 1961; McEachran and Fechhelm 2005) and from the western P. nesium in having weak nasal spines or lacking them (vs Peristedion barbiger off Peru 143 having nasal spines in both species). The specimens exam- Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 63: 115–137, pls 6–7. ined in this study revealed that Peristedion barbiger may or Bussing, W. A. 2010. A new fish,Peristedion nesium (Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia may not have nasal spines (Fig. 4), and that this character Tropical 58: 1149–1156. is not useful for distinguishing Peristedion barbiger from P. Castro-Aguirre, J. L. and García-Domínguez, F. 1984. Una nueva espe- altipinnis, P. crustosum, and P. nesium. cie de Peristedion (Osteichthyes: Scorpaeniformes: Peristediidae) Teague (1961) regarded P. barbiger as having an acutely de la bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Anales de la angled preopercular margin and treated this feature as dis- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas 28: 29–38. tinct at the species level from the right-angled margin of Chirichigno F., N. and Cornejo U., R. M. 2001. Catálogo Comentado de P. miniatum, P. truncatum, P. spiniger (now recognized as a los Peces Marinos del Perú. Instituto del Mar del Perú, Callao, xx- junior synonym of P. truncatum: see Miller 1967a), and P. vii+314 pp., 34 pls. crustosum; from the backwardly directed spine of P. taeni- Chirichigno F., N. and Vélez D., J. 1998. Clave para Identificar los Peces Marinos del Peru (Seguenda Edición, Revidada y Actualizada). In- opterum (now recognized as a junior synonym of P. gracile: stituto del Mar del Perú, Callao, 496 pp., 4 pls. see Miller 1967a), P. gracile, P. platycephalum (now recog- Fowler, H. W. 1938. Descriptions of new fishes obtained by the United nized as a junior synonym of P. brevirostre: see Miller and States Bureau of Fisheries steamer “Albatross,” chiefly in Philip- Richards 2002), P. brevirostre, P. mcgintyi (now recognized pine seas and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the United States as a junior synonym of P. miniatum: see Miller 1967a), P. National Museum 85: 31–135. thompsoni, and P. imberbe (Teague 1961); and the right- FSFRL (Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory). 1972. Colored Illustra- angled margin or rounded flange (=acutely angled margin) tions of Bottomfishes Collected by Japanese Trawlers. Japan Deep of P. crustosum and P. nesium (Bussing 2010). However, in Sea Trawlers Association, Tokyo, v+145 pp. specimens of P. barbiger examined for the present study, the Garman, S. 1899. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mex- ico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in shape of the preopercular margin is variable (Fig. 5), so this charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steam- feature is not appropriate for distinguishing taxa. er “Albatross,” during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. Chirichigno F. and Vélez D. (1998) and Chirichigno F. N., commanding. Vol. XXVI. The fishes. Memoirs of the Museum and Cornejo U. (2001) treated a species as Peristedion sp. aff. of Comparative Zoology 24: 1–431, pls 1–85+A–M. barbiger as it differed from published accounts of P. barbiger Heemstra, P. C. 1986. Family No. 158: Peristediidae. Pp. 489–490. In: in having 18 dorsal fin soft rays and 14 pectoral fin rays (vs Smith, M. M. and Heemstra, P. C. (Eds) Smith’ Sea Fishes. J. L. B. 19 and 15 in P. barbiger). Some specimens that we examined Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown. have 18 dorsal fin soft rays and 15 pectoral fin rays and oth- Hureau, J. C. 1986. Peristediidae. Pp. 1239–1240. In: Whitehead, P. J. P., ers have 19 dorsal fin soft rays and 14 pectoral fin rays. We Bauchot, M. L., Hureau, J. C., Nielsen, J. and Tortonese, E. (Eds) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Vol. 3. conclude that these differences fall within the scope of intra- UNESCO, Paris. specific variation for P. barbiger. Kamohara, T. 1952. Studies on the family Peristediidae found in Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 2: 1–13. [In Japanese with English summary] Acknowledgments Kawai, T. 2008. Phylogenetic systematics of the family Peristediidae (Teleostei: Actinopterygii). Species Diversity 13: 1–34. We express our sincere thanks to William J. Richards Kawai, T. 2009. Peristedion barbiger (Garman, 1899). P. 248. In: Nakaya, (National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Sci- K., Yabe, M., Imamura, H., Miguel, R. C. and Yoshida, M. (Eds) ence Center/NOAA) for his critical reading of a draft manu- Deep-sea Fishes of Peru. Japan Deep Sea Trawlers Association, To- kyo. script and various suggestions. We thank Mamoru Yabe and Kawai, T., Imamura, H. and Nakaya, K. 2004. Paraheminodus kochien- Hisashi Imamura (Hokkaido University) for their valuable sis Kamohara, 1957 (Teleostei: Peristediidae), a junior synonym suggestions, and Taketeru Tomita (HUMZ) for his help in of Paraheminodus murrayi (Günther, 1880), with a comparison of examining specimens. We are grateful to Jeffrey T. Williams Paraheminodus murrayi and Paraheminodus laticephalus (Kamo- (USNM) for the loan of a type specimen, and to Karsten hara, 1952). Ichthyological Research 51: 73–76. E. Hartel (MCZ) for access to collections. We also express Kawai, T., Nakaya, K. and Séret, B. 2008. A new armored searobin Para- our appreciation to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, heminodus longirostralis (Teleostei: Peristediidae) from New Cale- Harvard University, for permission to use a photo of MCZ donia. Ichthyological Research 55: 374–378. 28708 (©President and Fellows of Harvard College). We are Kawai, T. and Yabe, M. 2006. Peristedion picturatum (Actinopterygii: Peristediidae), a junior synonym of Peristedion liorhynchus. Spe- also grateful to members of JDSTA (Japan Deep Sea Trawl- cies Diversity 11: 1–5. ers Association) and IMARPE (Instituto del Mar del Perú) McEachran, J. D. and Fechhelm, J. D. 2005. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. for providing an opportunity to collect specimens in Peru. Vol. 2. University of Texas Press, Austin, viii+1004 pp. Miller, G. C. 1967a. A new species of western Atlantic armored searobin, Peristedion greyae (Pisces: Peristediidae). Bulletin of Marine References Science 17: 16–41. Miller, G. C. 1967b. A new armored searobin fish Peristedion unicuspis, Alcock, A.W. 1894. Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine family Peristediidae, from the straits of Florida. Proceedings of the survey steamer “Investigator,” Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., Biological Society of Washington 80: 19–26. commanding. Series II, no. 11. An account of a recent collection Miller, G. C. 1974. Fische des Indischen Ozeans. Ergebnisse der ich- of bathybial fishes from the Bay of Bengal and from Laccadive Sea. thyologischen Untersuchungen während der Expedition des 144 M.Tenda and T. Kawai

Forschungsschiffes “Meteor” in den Indischen Ozeans, Oktober Bellator (Pisces: Triglidae), with comments on the trigloids of the 1964 bis Mai 1965. A. Systematischer Teil, XIV, Scorpaeniformes Galápagos Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash- (2) Family Peristediidae. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse Reihe D ington 111: 936–941. 18: 61–72. Teague, G. W. 1961. The armored sea-robins of America, a revision Miller, G. C. and Richards, W. J. 2002. Peristediidae. Pp. 1278–1285. In: of the American species of the family Peristediidae. Anales del Carpenter, K. E. (Ed.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Museo de Historia Natural, Montevideo 7: 1–27, pls 1–3. Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central At- Yamada, U. 2002. Peristediidae. Pp. 610–613, 1523. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.) lantic. Vol. 2. Bony Fishes Part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae). Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. English Edition. FAO, Rome. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. Richards, W. J. 1999. Triglidae. Pp. 2359–2382. In: Carpenter, K. E. and Yatou, T. and Okamura, O. 1985. Satyrichthys isokawae Yatou et Oka- Niem, V. H. (Eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Pur- mura, sp. nov. Pp. 586–589. In: Okamura, O. (Ed.) Fishes of the poses. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Okinawa Trough and the Adjacent Waters. Vol. 2. Japan Fisheries Vol. 4. Bony Fishes Part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo. Richards, W. J. and McCosker, J. E. 1998. A new species of the genus