Initial Environmental Examination

July 2011

UZB : Water Resources Management Sector Project Report of Abdusamat-1 Subproject [Final Report]

Prepared by Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Republic of for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 3rd June 2011)

Currency unit – sum (SUM) SUM1.00 = $0.00059 $1.00 = SUM1,701.83

ABBREVIATIONS AP – Affected Person/ Party ADB – Asian Development Bank BCP – Best Construction Practices BISA – Basin Irrigation System Administration CDR – Control and Distribution Room (of pump house) CE – Construction Environmental Management Plan CEMP – Construction Engineer employed by PM Consultants DCEC – Department of Pump Stations, Energy, and Communications DPSO – Department of Pump Station Operations DWM – Directorate for Water Management EA – Executing Agency EARP – Environmental Assessment and Review Procedure/ Framework ECL – Environmental Consequences Listing EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMU – Environmental Management Unit GDP – Gross Domestic Product GNI – Gross National Income GoU – Government of Uzbekistan HAE – Hydro-geological Ameliorative Expedition I&D – Irrigation and Drainage IA – Implementing Agency IEA – Initial Environmental Assessment IEE – Initial Environmental Examination ISA – irrigation system administration LARF – land Acquisition and Resettlement Framework LARP – Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MAWR – Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources MCA – Main Canal Administration MoF – Ministry of Finance NES – National Environmental Specialist NGO – Nongovernment Organization NPC – National Protection Committee (Goskompriroda) O&M – Operation and Maintenance PCB – Polychlorinated biphenyls PIU – Project Implementation Unit PM – Project Manager PMO – Project Management Office PNPC – Provincial National Protection Committee (Oblkompriroda) PPTA – Project Preparatory Technical Assistance CEE – Provincial Directorate for Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa) R&U – Rehabilitation and Upgrading

ii

SCLRGCSC – State Committee on Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography and State Cadastre SE – Site Engineer (Contractor‘s Employee) SEE – Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (Glavgosecoexpertisa) SES – Sanitary and Epidemiological Services WRMSP – Water Resources Management Sector Project WSP – Worker Safety Plan WUA – Water Users‘ Association

GLOSSARY Dehkan – Household plot used for household‘s immediate food requirements and sale of surplus. Given to head of family for the livelong ownership. Size of dehkan farms–irrigated land is 0.35 ha and 0.50 on non-irrigated area. Goskompriroda – State Committee for Nature Protection hokimiyat – Local Government Authority makhalla – The Smallest Administrative Group In a Community [Collection of Villages to Create a Community Village] – Russian Version of Viloyat (Region) Oblkompriroda – Provincial Level of State Committee for Nature Protection Oliy Majlis – Parliament Picket – 100 m section Rayon – Russian Version of Tuman (District) Shirkat – Cooperative Farm, Successor of Former Kolkhoz Tuman – District, Smaller Administrative Unit of The Viloyat Uzbekgydrogeologiy – State Hydro-geological Enterprises a Uzgidromet – Center of Hydro-meteorological Service Viloyat – Provincial Administrative Unit of Uzbekistan. [ Uzbekistan has 12 Viloyats (or Provinces) and 1 Autonomous Republic vodokanal – Water Supply And Sanitation Agency

NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Uzbekistan and its agencies ends on 31st December. FY before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 31st December 2011.

(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Table of Contents A. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background ...... 1 A.2 Extent of the IEE Study ...... 2 B. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT ...... 3 B.1 Type and Category of the Project ...... 3 B.2 Need for the Project ...... 4 B.3 Description of Project Facilities ...... 5 B.4 Project Rehabilitation Work ...... 7 B.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation ...... 10 C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 11 C.1 Physical Resources ...... 11 C.2 Ecological Resources ...... 10 C.3 Economic Development ...... 14 C.4 Social and Cultural Resources ...... 20 D. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 27 D.1 Potential Environmental Impacts ...... 27 D 1.1 Issues / Concerns Relative to Siting ...... 27 D.1.2 Issues/ Concerns Relative to Design ...... 30 D.1.3 Project Alternatives...... 31 D.1.4 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Construction ...... 31 D.1.5 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Operation ...... 36 D.2 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts ...... 37 D.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Designs ...... 38 D.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction ...... 40 D.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation ...... 46 E. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .. 48 E.1 Laws and Institutional Roles of GOU ...... 48 E.2 Responsibilities of Implementing EMP ...... 50 iv

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

E.3 Reporting Requirements ...... 54 E.4 Redress Grievance Mechanism ...... 54 E.5 Costs of Environmental Measures ...... 56 F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 57 F.1 Public Consultation ...... 57 F.2 Information Disclosure ...... 58 G. FINDINGS ANG RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 58 H. CONCLUSIONS ...... 59 I. REFERENCES ...... 60 ANNEX –A: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 62 ANNEX –B: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 81 ANNEX – C: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE GRANTED BY PROVINCIAL NATURE PROTECTION COMMITTEE ...... 92 ANNEX- D : PHOTOS ...... 97

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IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

A. INTRODUCTION

A.1 Purpose of the Report and Project Background

1. This report is the description of the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study of the proposed Abdusamat-1 subproject of the Water Resources Management Sector Project of Uzbekistan (WRMSP). The IEE study was conducted during the project preparation period to identify the impacts of the proposed project on the environment and to recommend measures to mitigate such impacts arising from their implementation. The IEE Report is prepared to meet the environmental requirements of the ADB.

2. The proposed Abdudamat-1 subproject is located in Furkat district of Ferghana region on the left bank of Syrdarya River about 350 km east of . The project area can be easily accessed from the nearest township, by passing 30 km on Kokand - Road and then 1.5 km on the access road to the project. (Figure 1). The rehabilitation of this subproject will include replacement of the pumps and electrical control systems in the pumping station, deepening and widening of the intake canal, rehabilitation of pump house, machine canals, and all related structures. These facilities/ structures are all owned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) and operated by the Basin System Irrigation Administration (BISA). The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources is the Executing Agency (EA) of this WRMSP.

3. The ADB has approved a loan for the Government of Uzbekistan (GoU) for the WRMSP on 17 December 2008 and will close on 30 June 2015. The Project continues the support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the rehabilitation and upgrading of irrigation and drainage infrastructure and capacity development for water management. The Project is structured as a sector loan project. The WRMSP has selected to rehabilitate and upgrade seven irrigation schemes as subprojects.

4. WRMSP involves two areas of the country: (i) the River Basin, and (ii) the Valley. The Project will (i) rehabilitate and upgrade (R&U) pumping stations, (ii) rehabilitate and upgrade inter-farm irrigation and drainage canals and structures, and (iii) improve inter-farm water management through state water agencies and on-farm management through water users‘ associations (WUAs). The primary aim is the sustained and increased agricultural productivity.

5. Uzbekistan has about 4.3 million hectares (ha) under irrigation. Irrigated agriculture accounts for over 90% of all agricultural production and consumes 88% of all water resources, viz., 57 cubic kilometres annually. Agriculture remains a key sector of the economy and the main source of livelihood for the rural population.

6. In the irrigated areas, about 1,500 electric pumps are installed which irrigate 1.17 million ha. Some of these are very large pumps, for example the Karshi system lifts 350 m3/s of water from the Ambudharya over an elevation of 170m. Main canals and inter-farm networks extend over 28,000 km of which some 33% is lined. Water use 1

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

efficiency is quoted (Mahommadiev S.Kh. and Mirzaev M.P., undated) as being about 60%1. Furrow irrigation is practiced on 99.9% of the area. The two major land quality problems in the country are salinity and water logging caused by high groundwater levels with only 50% of irrigated land classed as non-saline by Central Asian standards (toxic ions represent <0.5% of total soil weight. Salinity generally increases towards the Aral Sea with <10% of land in the Ambudharya and Syrdarya basins being regarded as saline while further downstream in Karalpakstan about 95% of the land is saline, highly or very highly saline. A reduction in the quantity and quality of water delivered to farms and poor maintenance of drainage canals is responsible for increased salinization (Mahommadiev S.Kh. and Mirzaev M.P., op.cit).

A.2 Extent of the IEE Study

7. The IEE study was carried out by the Project Management Consultants attached to Joint Venture of Dongshing Engineering Consultants following the requirements of Safeguard Policy Statement (June 2009) and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Also the Procedure recommended in the Environmental Review and Assessment Framework prepared by PPTA consultants for the WRMSP was followed. Environmental Specialists attached to the PM Consultants visited the project sites during the period of Feasibility study and prepared the IEE report together with Feasibility Reports in June - July 2011. Public consultations were carried out in April 2011 prior to preparation of this report. Moreover, the information provided by other experts carrying out Feasibility Study was also used in this exercise.

8. The areas coveted by the IEE include the pump station of Abdusamat located 1.5 km off the Kokand-Namangan highway and 30 km from the Kokand city. It is more than 0.7 km away from the closest settlement of Abdusamat. Abdusamat machine Canal fall within RACs of Okjar, Gallakor, Guncha, Ohun Kaynar and Ovchi covering 15826,4; and the project beneficiaries in 6 makhallas (Abdusamat, Tillotepa, Tincjlik, Ok Oltin, Pahta Kaynar, Sohibkor) in 5 RACs (Okjar, Gallakor, Guncha, Ohun Kaynar, Ovchi).. Also, available infrastructure to access and provide services, were considered. The scope also covered the available river flow for diversion at the Abdusamat intake and water users downstream.

9. Environmental Specialists visited the pump house and its surrounding area, also visited the intake canal and Abdusamat machine canal by driving along inspection roads. They also observed the access roads to the project and the closest settlement Abdusamat located about 0.7 km away from the pump house and where some of the irrigation beneficiaries of the project were resident. Secondary data of the socio- economic study for the sub project were used to evaluate the settlement and socio- economic conditions of the project beneficiaries, Flow records of the river. Water quality and water uses by downstream users collected by the consultants for the Feasibility study and baseline socio-economic data were also used.

1 In reality this is considered to be much less than this and is probably about 45-50%. 2

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

10. Findings of site reconnaissance, results of social surveys, technical descriptions based on the engineering designs contained in the Feasibility Reports and outcome of discussions with Officers of the various professionals of the relevant BISA, Hokimiyats, WUAs, Water Inspection Organization in the Region, Provincial Directorate for Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa), etc., are integrated into this IEE Report.

11. Thus the IEE Study involved the following activities: Gathering of baseline information available on the physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic environment of the project area and its subcomponent sites; and understanding the technical, social, and institutional aspects of the project; This included public consultation and field visits; Screening of potential issues, concerns and impacts relative to siting, design, construction and operation to distinguish those that are likely to be significant for a particular subcomponent and warranting further study; Recommending measures to mitigate adverse issues, concerns and impacts, particularly to the detailed project design team; Preparing an Environmental Management Plan indicating impact areas, recommended mitigation measures, method of monitoring the impacts, particularly during construction and operation phases and responsible persons; and Proposing an environmental monitoring plan (EMP) and the institutional set up for implementation of the above Environmental Management Plan.

12. Public consultation activities were carried out, including on-site consultation with beneficiaries of the project activities. The consultation workshops allowed the people to voice their concerns and the consultants answered questions they had on the project. These face-to-face meetings allowed the consultants fine-tune the environmental management and mitigation plan, particularly to fit the needs of the area residents.

B. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

B.1 Type and Category of the Project

13. The subproject is an irrigation project that will rehabilitate and upgrade the pumping station of the Abdusamat-1 irrigation system receiving water from the Syrdarya River in the Furkat district (Ryon) of Fergana Province, on the left bank of Syrdarya River. The subproject will improve the availability of adequate water at the pumping station as well as reliabilities the pump stations and irrigation system to meet the original design capacity of the water extraction to enable irrigation of the full command area.

14. The expected impact of the subproject is the sustained and increased agriculture production and productivity. The expected outcome is that the irrigation systems fully functional and operated in an efficient manner leading to (i) reduced production losses, (ii) increased energy efficiency, (iii) improved water management, (iv) decreased land degradation caused by soil salinity and water-logging, (v) increased irrigation efficiency, 3

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

(vi) enhanced farm productivity through increased yields and cropping intensity, and (vii) increased rural livelihoods. Regarding the energy efficiency, the existing pumps are operating at very low efficiencies. Such energy loss will be minimized by higher efficiencies accompanied by proper control of both energy loss and water leakages. As a result, kWhs used for pumping a unit of water per unit head will be significantly reduced with the project.

15. The Project has been classified by the ADB as a Category B project requiring an IEE. . The adverse impacts that will potentially arise from the implementation of the Project will generally be minor to moderate. Measures to mitigate them can be designed, provided and/or instituted without difficulty. For Category ―B‖ projects, the ADB requires an IEE According to the GoU environmental legislation, the subproject falls under Category - 3 or low risk projects because it involves long-distance channel with capacity less than 100 m3/s and manifold with capacity less than 20 m3/s.

B.2 Need for the Project

16. Abdusamat-I irrigation system had been commissioned in 1967 with a command area of 13,500 ha by drawing a maximum of 20 m3/s of water from the Syrdarya river. Water of the Syrdarya River is pumped into the irrigation canal system by the Abdusamat-I pump station constructed about 1.2 km from the source of water.

17. The Syrdarya river flow records in recent years indicate low annual discharges during main irrigation period from May to October. Drop down of the water level with low discharge in the river during the irrigation period has reduced intake water to the pumping plant which caused reduction in pumped irrigation water. From 1992, a change in the upstream Toktogul reservoir operational mode from irrigation and hydropower generation to hydropower generation caused a sharp reduction in water releases in vegetative season and an increase in winter releases. As a result about 14% of the command area of Abdusamat scheme has been under pasture and/or unused due to restricted water supply.

18. The sill level of the intake canal is 354.59 m, which is above the river bed elevation of 351.81 m. Normal water level in Syrdarya River is 356.81 m and minimum Water level is 354.70 m. Moreover, the earthen intake canal has irregular sectional and longitudinal profiles with mounds of settled sit. The longitudinal profile shows uneven bed elevations and the average bed level is 3m above the Syrdarya river bed level. As a result, water taken from the river is insufficient, which results in reduction in number of operational pumps and quantity of irrigation water. In many occasions, only one unit of pump can be operated due to shortage of inflowing discharge through the intake canal. It was learnt that most of the time only three units of pumps were able to operate at maximum demand.

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IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Abdusamat – 1

Figure 1: Location of the Abdusamat Project

19. The pumped water carries a large amount of abrasive suspension materials, causing damages to working bodies of the pumps. Pump house building is old with insufficient space. The electrical system has exhausted its resource and it is being operated under unsafe condition. Cubicles and distribution boards in electrical room and machine room have deteriorated. Cables, racks and trays were superannuated, not fixed properly and exposed, that may result in electrical failure or may cause harmful accidents to O&M staff. Lighting facility inside and outside of the pumping station was not sufficient and together with high temperature inside the pumping station due to poor ventilation, maintenance of CDR, pumping units and electrical parts is an inconvenient job for the O&M staff.

20. In Abdusamat canal, mounds of silt deposits excavated from the canal‘s section and dumped along the canal bank clearly shows the pumping of suspended sediment- laden water into the irrigation system despite heavy settlement of large particles in the intake canal.

B.3 Description of Project Facilities

21. The Abdusamat Intake is located on the Left Bank of the Syrdarya River about 2 km distant from the territory of Republic of Tadjikistan. The surrounding area of the intake has neither significant vegetation nor human habitats (see Annex-D). The intake system comprises of (i) an unregulated opening in the left bank of the Syrdarya River 5

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

forming the entrance to the intake canal. At the entrance the canal‘s bed elevation is 354.59 m and the river‘s bed elevation at the location is 351.81 m (i.e. 3 m below intake canal level), (ii) 1 km long earthen intake canal to convey water from Syrdarya river to the pump house forebay. This intake canal has irregular sectional and longitudinal profiles with mounds of sediments. The intake canal runs through a remote area with scarce vegetation of secondary origin mainly grass and bushes and no human habitats are encountered.

22. Water from the intake canal is pumped and discharged into a concrete basin through rising mains and then conveyed to Abdusamat machine canal. The Abdusamat- 1 pumping station commissioned in 1967 was equipped with five vertical shaft mixed flow pumps of 4 m3/s located in a dry pit with centre-line of pump about 3.5 m below the minimum water level in the canal (viz. a positive suction head).

23. The Abdusamat pump house covers 331,2 m2 and other facilities of intake chamber, suction pipes, rising mains, etc., attached to it. The entire premises are more than 0.5 ha of government desert land under BiSA in a remote area more than 0.7 km away from the closest settlement

24. Total designed pumping capacity was 20 m3/s but pumping capacity at present is about 13-14 m3/s. Severe siltation and floating litters at intake canal and inlets of suction pumps as well as scaling on pump bowl assembly due to suspended sediments in water was clearly noticed. This has necessitated frequent opening of the pump housings by maintenance staff to remove and clean the deposits.

25. In many occasions, only one unit of pump can be operated due to shortage of inflowing discharge through the intake canal due to its higher bed elevation compared to that of the river and heavy siltation in the intake canal.

26. Pump house building is old with insufficient space. Discharge pipes are connected to the rising mains with diameter of 1,840 mm and 52 m length. The rising main pipes can be used after necessary investigations and protection with suitable internal & external lining. The transformer substation to the Abdusamat-1 pumping station is composed of two power transformers. The external distribution boards are at a long distance from pumping station and consist of a total of 17 cubicles. The 6 kV electric power line to the pumping station is supplied by double-circuit of high voltage cables through poor cable trench.

27. External transformer substation with 6 kV cubicles and power supply cables are in unsatisfactory condition. Two auxiliary transformers of 6/0.4 kV 100 kVA and 63 kVA of oil immersed type have been installed nearby the pump house. Power to auxiliary transformers is supplied by cables having comparatively long distance from 35/6 kV substation. The substation of main transformers and 6 kV cubicles, and 6/0.4 kV auxiliary transformers have deteriorated appearing leaks and deeply rusted metal parts. Due to long operation, the electrical system has exhausted its lifespan and it is being operated under unsafe condition. Cubicles and distribution boards in electrical room and machine room have deteriorated appearing rusts on metal panels.

28. Cables, racks and trays were superannuated, not fixed properly and exposed, 6

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

that may result in electrical failure or may cause harmful accidents to O&M staff. Power cables of main motors and various cables are not well-fixed. Power disconnection during winter stoppage of the pump station‘s operation constrains the usage of electric tools during the repair works. Lighting facility inside and outside of the pumping station as well as ventilation is insufficient.

29. The initial designs of the irrigation system were for three pump houses, namely Abdusamat I, II and III. However, the third pump house was not constructed, though its machine canal was constructed. At present, the command area under pump house III receives water from an alternative source for agro-forestry and other tree crops. However, only the Abdusamat-1 pump station is rehabilitated under the subproject.

30. The irrigation infrastructure of the subproject comprises of the Abdusamat machine canal carrying water from the discharge basin to distribute to irrigation canal system of the subproject; and other structures associated with canals and access / inspection road.

31. The command area receives irrigation water through main irrigation distribution system comprise of the following:

(a) concrete lined, 20 m3/s capacity, 6.54 km long Abdusamat machine canal serving subproject area and pump houses II ; (b) concrete lined, 3 m3/s capacity, 5.4 km long RP-1 Canal; and Concrete lined, 5 m3/s capacity, 4.4 km long Sholikor Canal supplying water along with RP-1 canal to 2,964 ha of farmland.

32. The Abdusamat machine canal runs through 6 makhallas (Abdusamat, Tillotepa, Tincjlik, Ok Oltin, Pahta Kaynar, Sohibkor) in 5 RACs (Okjar, Gallakor, Guncha, Ohun Kaynar, Ovchi), located in a remote irrigation area (semi desert). All settlements are more than 8 -10 km away from the irrigation system and the land occupied by the canal is owned by the BISA.

33. In Abdusamat canal, Mounds of silt deposits excavated from the canal‘s section have been dumped along the canal bank from head to tail reaches clearly showing the pumping of silt laden water into the irrigation system. It is clear, that part of the sediment had been washed into the farmlands while the residual in the canals impedes the water way leading to water shortages to lower reaches in the canal.

B.4 Project Rehabilitation Work

34. It is considered to widen and lower the pump intake level and intake canal to facilitate intake of water from Syrdarya River during low water levels (from June to September) as a prime need. Provisions for removal of silt in the intake canal have been considered. It has also been considered to rearrange the whole intake structure so that it could minimize both silt intake to the pumps and formation of vortexes at the inlets. With new intake arrangement it is required to deepen the intake chamber. Intake chamber should be divided into 5 sub-chambers and provide 5 intake gates. Appropriate mechanism should be installed to remove the collected silt from intake chambers. These 7

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

silt outlets should be regularly operated to remove the silt collected.

35. Stop-log type two new intake gates have to be installed before the thrash screens to facilitate repairs to the thrash screens or an alternate solution is needed. All screens need replacement. All five pump sets require complete replacement by new pumps and motors. All valves require complete replacement along with all necessary auxiliary equipment. Technical water system will be repaired or changed with a new system. The rising main pipes can be used after necessary investigations and protection with suitable internal and external protection. Drain pumps of the pimp house floor require complete replacement to maintain proper removal of water in the pump house. Partial replacement of the crane is envisaged to bring the crane to good working condition.

36. A new ventilation system consisting of roof extractors, wall mounted fans, heaters etc. is required to be provided. Surge occurrence has to be analysed and an appropriate surge protection system should be installed if necessary. At present, there are no instruments in the pumping station to monitor the operating conditions and performance of pumps, except a few pressure gauges. Instruments, such as pressure gauges on individual pumps on suction and discharge pipes, pressure switches, pressure transmitter, flow meters in the rising mains, etc., are required to be installed.

37. Investigations on the structural conditions of load-bearing elements, materials and structural components of the Abdusamat-1 Pumping Station, revealed that the building of Abdusamat-I pumping station could be used with necessary rehabilitation and repair. However, a separate new building for office and other uses is needed and the existing workshop building has to be rehabilitated.

38. Complete rehabilitation of electrical equipment and system with protection of pump operation is considered under the project. The capacity of Abdusamat-1 substation for power supply to pumping station is sufficient. The external 6 kV cubicles need to be replaced by internal cubicles in the electricity room. In order to place the cubicles, an expansion of electricity room is envisaged. Because of long distance from pump house and expose to external dust and rain, lifetime of the equipment will be shortened and maintenance and additional cables will cost more. To secure reliability of power supply it is necessary to construct 6 kV overhead transmission line 100 m long.

39. Electric equipment and facilities of the pumping station need to be replaced because all of them are superannuated. The replacement will include 6/0.4 kV 100 kVA and 63 kVA power transformer, electrical motors, panels, trays, cables, conduit tubes and lightings of various kinds. Moreover, it is necessary to install one more 35/04 kV 100 kVA standby transformer in case of full stoppage of the pumping station during repair and maintenance works, when power supply of 35/6 kV substation will be stopped.

40. All main motor sets of new squirrel cage induction motors of suitable 6 kV capacities along with pump sets 800 kW will be installed at the pumping station, 6 kV switchgear comprising of two incomers, bus coupler and outgoing feeders for electric motors of main pumps, auxiliary transformers and other electricity consumer will be replaced. Existing 6/0.4 kV power transformers of oil immersed type, outside the pump house needs to be replaced with a type like cast resin mould type which has better durability, safety and credibility than the existing one and that can be placed in the 8

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

cubicle inside pump house.

41. It is required to replace the present power and control cables to a flame retardant type cables to reduce damage from burning. Use of sufficient number of energy efficient fluorescent lamp or high pressure metal halide lamp considering luminous efficiency, lifetime and colour rendering properties are required for lighting inside and outside pump house and in the CDR. Newly installed equipment needs complete grounding system for the safety of operational staff and electrical system as a whole. A stand by diesel generator of adequate capacity for emergency power supply during power failed is necessary.

42. A new control desk to display necessary indications such as working condition of pumps, pumping discharges and alarming emergency situation and to facilitate operations from control room is envisaged. The pumping station will have its own local instrumentation for monitoring, alarming and recording system. New computer systems to improve the operational effectiveness of the pumping station will be installed in the CDR. All signals as equipment operational conditions of temperature of pumps and motors, water levels, pressures, position of valves, flows, etc., are transmitted to the control desk and the monitoring computer. Emergency stop of pump will be carried out in automated mode by electrical and technological protection system. A satisfactory relay protection of the main electric motors is envisaged for protection and safety purposes. Lamp, audio, alarm and warning signalling systems are envisaged for monitoring of pumping station operation, as well as for warning to operation staff about malfunction of each equipment.

43. Rehabilitation of the Abdusamat-I irrigation canal system will be confined only to the direct benefit areas. The augmentation of the tail end areas of the K. Sattarov canal is excluded and that will be included in the Dangara subproject. Therefore, rehabilitation of irrigation systems in Abdusamat-I subproject is limited to (i) rehabilitating 6.4 km Abdusamat machine canal, and (ii) rehabilitating 9.8 km Sholikor canal; and (iii) associated structures for controlled distribution of pumped water and canal inspection/access road. The Ung Irmok canal which is in comparatively better physical condition is given low priority due to limitations of available funds.

44. The discharge basin needs to be cleaned of all debris and cracks of minor nature repaired with cement grout and larger cracks will be opened and cleaned and filled with concrete. In the Abdusamat machine canal, silt deposits will be removed, concrete lining repaired and inspection road reshaped. The repairs at the joints will include opening and removal of damaged sections of the concrete panels, backfilling and compacting with soil and gravel at the eroded bedding, placing water proofing membrane, re-concreting of broken sections and sealing the gap between panels with mastic cement.

45. High sections on the canal bund will be graded and low sections will be filled with soil and well compacted to the designed levels. Any excess earth or silt found on the bund within the right of way will be removed. The inspection road platform width of 8.0 m will be maintained through the entire span of 9.8 km; any piles of soil or sediment encountered will be removed and the platform will be graded to the design profile. The compacted gravel dressing to a width of 4 m will be provided to the carriageway, where necessary, to facilitate easy access. 9

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

46. The following canal structures will be replaced or repaired: all 12 offtake structures need replacement of upstream intake structures, downstream outlet structures and the regulating gates complete with the guide rails, frames and lifting rods. The hydroposts immediate downstream of the discharge basin need cleaning and minor repairs and replacement of the measuring gauge. Also 12 hydroposts of type I (well type) will be constructed to facilitate discharge measurements for offtakes. The headwalls of the inlet and outlet structures of the aqueduct at picket 64+30 are dilapidated and need replacement. The culverts / cross drainage structures at pickets 25+00, 44+00, 46+91, 55+14, 61+27 will be cleaned and repaired at the upstream and downstream headwalls.

47. The rehabilitation of the Sholikor Irmok canal includes the removal of silt deposits in the canal. concrete lining repaired and inspection road reshaped. Similar to Abdusamat Machine canal, repairs at the joints, replacing damaged panels and concrete lining, formation of canal bunds and the inspection road will be carried out,

48. The 4 offtake structures in the canal will be rehabilitated and 4 new hydroposts of type I (well type) will be constructed to facilitate discharge measurements for offtakes at the pickets 10+00, 13+20, 26+00 and 43+00.

B.5 Proposed Schedule for Implementation

49. The noncore subprojects will be grouped into two, based on the consideration of location, convenience of bidding and construction etc. Group-I will consist of three subprojects, namely Suvli, Abdusamat-I and Dangara subprojects and Group-II will have two subprojects of Kizil-Ravat and Buloqboshi.

50. Turnkey level detailed design and bidding documents for the subproject together with other Group-I subproject will be prepared during three and half months from April to mid-August 2011, including consolidation of the documents based on discussions with local organizations and specialists.

51. After review and approval of the bidding documents by ADB and the Government, the documents will be finalized and the bidding will be advertised and the bidding documents will be issued for the bidders by early September. All bidding procedures including contract award and registration will be completed by the end of 2011.

52. Construction works for rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure of the Abdusamat-I subproject is scheduled for two years, starting from January 2012 and to be completed by end of 2013. Detailed work schedule of rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure will be prepared by the Contractor. The implementation schedule is as follows.

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IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Table 1: Implementation Schedule – Abdusamat-I Subproject

2011 2012 2013 2014 Activity Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Qtr 1 Feasibility Study

Approval of Feasibility Study Detailed Design and Preparation of Bidding Documents Conduct Surveys

Prepare Draw ings, Specifications, BoQ and Cost Estimates Preparation of Bidding Documents and Consolidation Bidding and Award of Contract

Review of Bidding Document by ADB Review of Bidding Document by the Government Finalization of the Bidding Document Advertisement and Issuance of Bidding Document Opening and Evaluation of Technical Bids

Review and Approval

Opening and evaluation of Price Bids

Review and Approval

Contract Aw ard and Registration Construction Supervision

C. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

C.1 Physical Resources

Location and Topography

53. Uzbekistan is a landlocked country with an area of 447,400 km2. The country can be divided into three zones: (i) The desert (Кyzylkum), steppe and semi-arid region covering 60% of the country which is located mainly in the central and western areas; (ii) The fertile valleys that are located alongside the Amu Darya and Syrdarya rivers; The subproject is located in this zone alongside the Syrdarya River; (iii) The mountainous areas in the east with peaks rising to about 4,500 msl.

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54. The (where the subproject is located) is situated within three of the Central Asian countries: (71%), (8%) and Uzbekistan (21%). (see Figure 2). Within Uzbekistan the Fergana valley is one the most important and productive irrigated areas and in Uzbekistan it occupies an area of 1,946,000 ha of which 911,300 ha is irrigated. Climatically the Fergana valley belongs to the central zone of . Its western and central areas are deserts with low while rainfall increases in the surrounding mountains.

Figure 2: Fergana Valley

55. The Abdusamat-I subproject is located in Furkat district of Ferghana region on the left bank of Syrdarya river and can be easily accessed from the nearest township, Kokand on the Kokand—Namangan road passing 30 m and then driving 1.5 km on the access road to the project. The subproject is bounded by the Syrdarya River and Tajikistan border in the north, farms of Furkat district in the south, Kolgandarya massif of Besharyk district in the east, Naymancha WUA of Dangara district and further Kokand town in the west and covers an area of about 13,500 ha.

56. The was created January 15 1938 in the eastern part of in Fergana valley in the Uzbekistan,. The Fergana Region borders on the north with Namangan and Regions, on south and east Kyrgyzstan, on west Tajikistan. The total area of Region is 6,8 thousand km2. The Fergana Region includes 15 administrative districts (Altiarik, Akhunbabaev, Besharik, Buvayda, Bagdad, Dangara, Kuva, Rishtan, Sokh, Tashlak, Uchkuprik, Uzbekistan, Fergana, Furkat and Yaz‘yavan). The population of the region is 3,003 million (2006).

57. Ferghana intermountain trough the south borders with Alay and ridge 12

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included in the Tien-Shan mountain system. Desert climate prevails in the western part of trough; while in the eastern, sub-mountain area, the climate has semi-desert features. In sub-mountains, the climate is vertically zonal. The Syrdarya River splits the trough into two unequal parts. In the left bank part, which are wider debris cones of Sokh, , etc., rivers are well developed, represented by slope flats, alluvial terrace of the Syrdarya river and inter-Adyr sinks. The most even depressed part of the valley is represented by the Syrdarya river‘s terraces. The relief is flat that, in some extent, is the result of long- term irrigation farming, for which land levelling plays an important role. The latest causes entirely smooth micro-relief, although, in some places it is saucer-shaped sink.

58. The subproject‘s irrigation area is situated on the sloping proluvial plain of the debris cone periphery of the Southern Ferghana rivers. Absolute elevation marks are 368-378 m. Surface is sloping north and northwest at an angle of 0.0016-0.043.

Climate

59. The climate of Uzbekistan is continental, even arid or desertic over 60% of the country. The average rainfall is 264 mm ranging from less than 97 mm in the northwest to 425mm in the mountainous zone in the middle and southern parts of the country. Rainfall occurs during the winter season, mainly between October and April. The climate is characterised by high temperatures in summer with 37- 45°C in July but temperatures dropping to below -11oC during winter. Because of frequent frosts between late September and April, in general only one crop per year can be grown.

60. Ferghana intermountain trough in the south borders with Alay and Turkestan ridge included in the Tien-Shan mountain system. Desert climate prevails in the western part of trough; while in the eastern, sub-mountain area, the climate has semi-desert features. In sub-mountains the climate is vertically zonal.

61. The climate of the is milder as a whole than the climate of the lower Syrdarya and Tashkent areas, which are more exposed to the harsher northern winds. The closed position of the Fergana valley creates a more stable weather pattern where sharp reductions in temperature are absent even in the winter periods.

62. The nearest meteorological station to Abdusamat subproject is in Kokand. The climate in the subproject area is acutely continental and arid, with cold winters and very hot summers. Climate data for the Kokand meteorological station which is in the boundary of the Subproject is given in Table 2.

63. Precipitation: The records at the nearest meteorological station at Kokand shows the average annual rainfall of 182 mm, most of which occurring during the cooler winter/spring season with extreme drought conditions during summer. The maximum rainfall is occurring in December (60.3 mm) and May (60.8 mm) and minimum is occurring in July (0.1 mm). As such, the non-vegetative season has high humidity with more precipitation while vegetative season has low humidity with less precipitation. In spring, precipitation occurs in the form of showers or hail, which induces mudflows in arid, sub-mountainous and mountainous areas. Stable snow cover is not typical. Total number of days with snow cover is about 17 days.

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64. Temperature: Average long-term annual temperature is 13.5oC. The coldest month is January with monthly mean temperature of - 2.5oC and absolute minimum of - 27oC. The hottest month is July with monthly mean temperature of 27.5oC and absolute maximum of 44oC. Frost-free period lasts 213 days. Summer is hot and dry. Winter is mild with moderate frost. Soil surface temperature depends on the variations of ambient temperature. The highest soil surface temperature is typical of summer, peaking in July at 31.6oC.

65. Humidity: In terms of humidity, the area pertains to dry and very dry zones. Winter is characterized by higher humidity. The humidity in January and February shows 80-90%. During winter, excessive, tight and prolonged fogs, hoarfrost and ice-slick are frequent. June is the driest month with an average relative humidity of 45%.

66. Water surface evaporation: Water surface vaporization in the area is high, with an annual rate of 1,400 mm, viz., about eight times the annual average precipitation. The highest evaporation rate occurs in July, showing about 237 mm.

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Table 2: Meteorological Data; Kokand (1977- 2007)2

Item Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Av Max T ºC 4.03 7.42 14.6 23.1 28.4 33.7 35.1 33.5 29.0 21.3 13.1 5.53 Av Min T ºC -2.6 -0.8 4.7 11.0 15.4 19.6 21.7 20.1 14.9 8.7 3.3 -0.9 RH % 84.7 77.0 65.9 57.0 51.1 43.7 43.8 46.5 51.7 63.5 75.1 84.9 Wind run km/mth 5,580 6,080 8,124 8,502 8,294 7,180 7,562 7,258 6,558 6,232 5,772 5,518 82,659 Sunshine hrs/mth 139 176 239 262 274 307 366 362 341 280 208 126 3,079 Av rainfall mm/mth 12 12 18 19 15 5 4 4 3 9 12 16 128

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67. Wind: Wind in the area is peculiar and unstable throughout the year. Normally, a distinctive internal changeover of air masses occurs, showing a conventional type of mountain-valley air circulation. Wind direction changes twice a day. During such periods, mainly in summer and autumn, the climate becomes dry. The wind changes in spring and summer due to air masses penetrating to Ferghana valley as a result of cyclonic activity. Such period is marked by enhanced wind activity. Maximum wind speeds reach 20-30 m/s, with some flaws accelerating to 40 m/s. Monthly wind speed ranges from 1.5- 2.0 to 2.5-4.0 m/s. Main wind directions are western or south-western.

68. The unfavourable climatic condition of western part of the region is the winds occurring in the Ferghana valley. In the spring (March – May), these winds may reach 30 - 35 m/s which can dry and erode the surface layers of the soil and cause serious damage to young cotton and other plants by wind blast and exposing their root systems. On the average, there are 42 windy days in the Fergana oblast and dust storms can occur during the spring. The dry hot wind often occurs in July. A significant moisture deficit occurs during the summer period which is hot and experience the maximum incoming radiation.

69. There is a problem of wind-blown sand and silt, particularly from two sand dunes close to intake canal of the Abdusamat-1. This causes heavy siltation in the canal and its bank (the inspection road).

70. Air quality of the subproject is indicated as very low by the air pollution index of 1.5 reported in 2010 for the Fergana countryside compared to that of 4.4 in the Fergana city area3.

Soils

71. The soils are mainly represented by laminated soils. Backwater and pinching out of the groundwater occur in the area owing to the hydrogeological features. This causes the development of hydromorphic soils, i.e. meadow and fully irrigated soils. The soils are composed of sand, sandy loam and loamy clay layers of alluvial origin. There are some proluvial deposits, overlying alluvium and irrigation sediments, which cover the whole irrigated area. The thickness of irrigation sediments vary from place to place. The thickest sediments are concentrated in small area, while the rest of the area is covered by sediments of less thickness (50-60 cm).

72. Agro-irrigation horizons have high carbonate content. Carbon dioxide content does not vary much in the area as well in the soil profile (8-11%). According to the carbonate content, silt in the canals is similar to agro-irrigation horizons. Carbon (organic) and nitrogen content in grey soils in some places has considerable fluctuations, particularly, at ploughing level. After cultivation of alfalfa has increased carbon content on the average when compared with old ploughing fields; however, they are not always rich in nitrogen.

73. Hydrogeological characteristics determine whether the location is under the

3 State Nature Protection Committee annual Report 2010 1

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conditions of backwater or underwater outcrops, such as hydromorphic saz soils: meadow, fully irrigable soils. Mechanical composition is variegated and includes loam, heavy and moderately heavy clay loam, sandy loam and sand. The soils with light clay loam, sandy loam and moderately heavy mechanical composition are prevailing.

74. Although, the whole area is irrigated, based on salinity levels, the area contains low and moderate salinity soils with spots of unsatisfactory ameliorative condition. Leaching and land improvement measures are required for these soils. Based on humus reserves and soil nutrients levels, the soils pertain to soils with low content of organic matter and nutrients. Light soils cover more than half of the area. High crop yield on such soils is provided by the irrigation with small but frequent applications. Quality of soils is determined by the combination of its features such as crop yield and specificity and complexity of necessary agro-technical and land reclamation measures.

75. Many of the main soil features, which shall be taken into account for bonitate value, are determined by soil genetic property, durability of the irrigation, soil salinity, water-logging, irrigation erosion and genesis of soil formation rock. Moreover, it is necessary to take into account a thickness of agro-irrigation sediments, soil mechanical texture and drainage capacity of soils.

76. Qualitative assessment of soils is made on the basis of Bonitate scale criteria with respect to the most conservative soil characteristics. Soil fertility is determined by applying decreasing coefficients to individual unfavourable properties: thickness of soils, salinity, water-logging, erosion, etc. Depending on the type of soil, dynamic soil properties are also taken into account: soil density, salinity levels, humus and gypsum content (viz. downgrading factors). An example considering 2 factors are given below.

Table 3: Bonitate factors for two soil characteristics4

Soil consistency Degree of salinity Soil consistency Bonitate factor Degree of salinity Bonitate factor (g/cm3) hydromorphic (%) 1 0.85 Non-saline 1.0 1.1 0.9 Low salinity 0.85 1.2 1.0 Medium salinity 0.6 1.3 0.95 High salinity 0.3

77. Potential soil fertility in the subproject area is generally estimated at 70-80. Average weighted value under the present conditions is 48. To date fertility has been lowered by 30-35%. A package of agricultural and land reclamation measures will help eliminate most negative conditions, which will add to increased fertility index. Average weighted Bonitate value will increase with the project. Subsequently, following the aforementioned measures and implementation of crop rotation system, fertility may be restored to original capacity few years after implementation of rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure of the subproject.

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78. By soil and climatic zoning, the area pertains to Central latitudinal zone of ephemeral steppes Ц-II-A, area ―b‖ with desert type of soil formation. Hydrogeological conditions determine areas ―b‖ where inflow and outflow of groundwater is hampered, with unstable water table and regime, which depend on local conditions.

79. Considering the texture of the first meter of top soils and effect of water tables on the existing and projected conditions, the following hydromodular zones have been determined.

Table 4: Soil resources by hydromodular zones5

Ground water table Hydromodular zones Area (m) Mechanical composition (0-100cm) Current Projected Current Projected ha % Various, laminated 1-2 2-3 VI IV (from medium loamy clay to sandy loams and 7,087 52,5 sands) 1-2 2-3 VII V Loamy clay and clay 6,413 47,5 Total for the area 13,500 100

80. In order to adopt an irrigation regime based on Ц-II-A zone in accordance with recommended agricultural crop patterns, the area under each category is as follows.

- Area “a” – hydromodular district IV 7,087 ha 52.5%

- Area “b” – hydromodular district V 6,413 ha 47.5%

Geology

81. Geological structure is formed by alluvial and proluvial deposits of the Quaternary age. The 6-22 m deep deposits below surface are represented by the layers of clay and sandy loam, sand and loam of different thicknesses. Gravel and pebbles mixed with sand-and-sandy loam and sand occur in the layers deeper below. The layer of gravel and pebbles is heterogeneous, with occurrences of clay loam and loam of different thicknesses. The thickness of the Quaternary deposits is over 100 m.

82. The project is located in the seismic zone designated as 7- 8 on the Richter scale which pose a threat of potential earthquakes demanding protection against such events in case of physical structures to be built for any purposes.

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Surface Water Resources

83. The man waterway of the Fergana region is Syrdarya river. Also there are other tributaries such as Isphayramsay, Shahimardansay, Sokh, Margilansay, Altiariksay, Kuvasay and Beshalishsay. Because of insufficient water supply of Isphayramsay and Shahimardansay, a considerable part of the territory is irrigated by big canals originating from the Syrdarya River, viz. Big Fergana Canal, South-Fergana and Andijan canals.

84. The Fergana valley with the Syrdarya River has a long history of irrigated agriculture and settlement dating back 2000 years. At the end of the 1940s the Soviet government built large scale works to change the water distribution within the valley. The Big Fergana canal, Big Andijan Canal and Big Namangan Canal were some of the structures that were constructed at this time. By 1985 the main reserves of the Fergana valley‘s fertile lands had almost all been converted to irrigation which transformed the valley into one of the most densely populated and productive areas in Central Asia.

85. The Abdusamat pumping station draws water from the Syrdarya River - a trans- national river, which has a length of 3,019 km and a drainage basin area of 219,100 km2. The Syrdarya is formed by the confluence of the and Karadarya rivers in the eastern Fergana Valley and generally flows northwest until it empties into the Aral Sea (see Figure 1).The Syrdarya is the longest river in Central Asia.

86. The upper catchment comprises the main northern branch the Naryn and the lesser southern branch the Karadarya. These upper tributaries have their source in the Central Tien-Shan Mountains in the Kyrgyz Republic where the principal source is seasonal snowmelt with less significant volumes from glaciers and perennial snow as well as rainfall. For its first 680 kilometres, the Naryn river flows through Kyrgyzstan and contains 7 reservoirs including the large Toktugal reservoir with an active storage of 14.0 km3 and an installed capacity of 1200 MW (ICWC, 2008). The Karadarya which has a smaller catchment in the Fergana Range has only one reservoir, the Andjan reservoir with a storage capacity of 1.75 km3.

87. The Big Fergana Canal (BFC) takes off from the Uchkurgan barrage on the left bank of the Naryn River just inside the Uzbekistan border. The BFC is a major structure (active capacity 150 m3/s) and irrigates the majority of the Fergana valley. The canal also continues through to Tajikistan.

88. The Syrdarya has the following tributaries: Padshaata, Kasnasay, Gavasay and Chaadaksay on the right side and Isfayram, Shakhimardan, Sokh and Isfara on the left side. The water in the above tributaries is fully used for irrigation during the cultivation season. From the confluence of the Naryn and the Karadarya river to the Abdusamat-1 pumping station, the river banks remain unilateral. The left bank area is used for agriculture.

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Figure 3: Syrdarya River basin

89. The Syrdarya continues for about 120 km through the Fergana valley within Uzbekistan before it enters Tajikistan. The Besharyk pump station is located along the lower section of the Syrdarya River about 30 km above the Tajikistan border. The Syrdarya then enters Tajikistan and flows into the large Kayrakkum reservoir (active capacity 2.55 km3). The river flows for about 40 km before it again re-enters Uzbekistan, where it trends north west and is joined by the Chirchik River which is controlled by the Chirchik reservoir with an active capacity of 1.6km3, after about 120 km the Syrdarya enters Kazakhstan and the large Chardarya reservoir (active capacity 4.4 km3). After the Chardara reservoir there are no other reservoirs though there are numerous off-takes for irrigation areas within Kazakhstan. Some 1,627 km below the Chardarya reservoir what remains of the flow within the Syrdarya reaches the Aral Sea.

90. Following the separation of the central Asian countries after the break -up of the , the regional river control arrangements that were used to manage the Syrdarya for irrigation have been changed to national priorities and the upper reservoirs which are mainly within Kyrgyzstan are now mainly used for hydropower production. The bulk of the stored water is now released during the winter months.6

6 Water is shared according to an interstate agreement that was formulated by the five Central Asian states in 1992. This includes two organizations the Syrdarya Basin Water Organisation and the Amudarya Basin Water Organisation that determine each basins allocations. The Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia (ICWCCA) is the 5

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91. The above issue has created a problem for Uzbekistan for irrigation water supply during the summer due to flows which are now lower as well with reduced water quality. This has affected the whole Fergana valley system which is one of the oldest and most complex irrigation areas in Uzbekistan with many of the areas having been irrigated for over 2,000 years. Regional conflicts are now arising between availability and use.

92. Hydrological conditions of the Syrdarya river from the confluence of its tributaries to Kayrakum reservoir has been observed at the following gauging stations: a) Kal kischlak; observation period since 1935 (2,173 km from the estuary) b) Akdjar Kishlak: observation period since 1954 (2,082 km from the estuary c) Chilmakhramskaya hydroposts: observation period 1944-1955 and 1970-1992 (2,059 km from the estuary) d) Makhautau hydroposts: observation period since 1959 (2,042 km from the estuary) e) Kayrakum hydroelectric power plant hydroposts: observation period since 1956 (1,960 km from the estuary)

93. The Abdusamat-I pumping station is located at 115 km downstream from the confluence of main tributaries of the river. However, analysis of the above observations revealed the following facts: Consistency of river flow has been changed by increased water intake, especially during 1960-1980; Monthly discharges of the river have changed as a result of Toktogul and other reservoirs built in the upstream.

94. Since 1992, a change in the Toktogul reservoir operational procedure was effected from that of irrigation and hydropower generation to only hydropower generation. As a consequence, a drastic reduction in water availability during the vegetative season and a corresponding increase in winter releases has resulted as clearly depicted in Figure 4. Also, the construction of the Kayrakum reservoir had a partial effect on the water levels at the river at the Abdusamat intake site.

coordinating body. Despite the agreement water allocation continues to remains a vexed problem for downstream users and has created significant political tension among the member states.

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River Flows in Syrdharya River at Chilmakram Hydropost 3,000 from 1998 to 2008

2,500

2,000

1,500

Discharge Discharge [mcm] 1,000

500

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Average 2,10 1,98 1,47 1,15 914 894 698 652 586 919 1,43 2,14 Minimum 1,72 1,45 1,10 578 433 389 399 386 467 700 1,22 2,06 Maximum 2,40 2,54 1,85 2,25 1,36 1,99 941 956 1,00 1,60 2,15 2,79

Figure 4: Flows in Syrdarya River at Chilmakram Hydropost7

95. All in all, contributions of the Naryn river has considerably reduced since the development of hydropower and irrigation projects in the upstream in Kyrgyzstan territory during the last decade of 20th century. Operations of upstream reservoirs, namely Totogul, Krupsay, and Tashkumir for hydropower generation, have resulted in large daily fluctuations in the river discharges and consequent doubts on adequacy of water availability for daily requirements in the downstream.

96. The monthly flow records in the Syrdarya river at Chilmakram hydropost from 1998 to 2008 indicate considerable reductions in the average monthly discharges during the peak irrigation period from May to September, correspondingly the river water levels also have decreased.

97. Abdusamat-I subproject depends on the Syrdarya river flows to meet the irrigation water demand.. Figure 4 shows monthly maximum, minimum and average discharges in the Syrdarya river at Chilmakram hydropost from 1998 to 2008 and the flows indicate low annual discharges during main irrigation period from May to October. Drop down of the water level with low discharge in the river during the irrigation period has resulted in reduced intake water to the pumping plant which caused reduction in irrigation area.

98. The intake to Abdusamat pumping station is located on the left bank of the Syrdarya river at 115 km from the confluence of the Naryn and Karadarya rivers. The average monthly maximum river flows occur in December with an average flow of 2,218 million m3 and maximum flow of 2,893 million m3. The average minimum monthly river flows occur in August with an average flow of 674 million m3.

99. During the last decade, low water levels compared with those in previous period in the Syrdarya River were predominant but water level in the river during early irrigation period of this year was exceptionally high, providing a favourable condition for pumping irrigation water. However, inflowing discharge through the intake canal could not meet irrigation requirements of the command area due to lowered water level in the river

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(mainly because river bed elevation is 3 m above the intake sill level) and severe siltation in the intake canal.

Sediment flux in the river

100. In general, sediment flow in the Syrdarya River is a function of meteorological factors, relief features and soil factors. Flow and sediment regimes have changed following the operation of the Toktogul reservoir in the Naryn River and Andijan reservoir in the Karadarya River.

101. Increase in the silt flux downstream of the Syrdarya river is caused by enhanced carrying capacity of the flow and storm water inflow along the right and left bank tributaries. Average monthly mean of the silt content in winter and autumn varies from 250 to 470 g/m3, while in spring and summer from 450 to 2,000 g/m3.

102. Average monthly turbidity in the Syrdarya river at Chilmakram hydropost from 1970 to 1987 is shown in Figure 3.2. The figure shows silt contents of 52 - 600 g/m3 in minimum flows, 248 - 1,253 g/m3 in average flows and 620 - 2,800 g/m3 in maximum flows, which indicate turbitity increases with the rate of flow. High turbity generally occurs during the period from April to July, even the discharge in the river is much lower than that during November to March. High turbidity in average flow occurs during four months from April to July showing 971, 1,253, 1005 and 767 g/m3,, respectively, and the turbidity in the rest of the months ranges from 200 to 500 g/m3 (see Figure 5:

Turbidity in Syrdharya River - at Chilmakram Hydropost 3000 from 1970 to 1987

2500 3 3 2000

1500

1000 Turbidity [gms/m Turbidity 500

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Minimum 86 60 230 110 600 220 140 94 52 160 230 160 Maximum 730 780 790 2300 2800 2500 2200 910 520 820 1000 620 Average 367 438 507 971 1253 1005 767 429 248 359 351 326

Figure 5: Turbidity of Syrdarya River Flow from 1970-19878

103. Figure 6 shows particle size distribution of the sediments in Syrdarya river flows. The sediments include relatively fine particles in suspended load; 68% of the suspended particles are coarser than 0.03 mm and 32% finer than 0.075 mm in average flow.

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Sediment Particle Size Distribution in Syrdharya River at Chilmakram Hydropost 45 40 35 30 25 20 15

Sediment Content [%] Content Sediment 10 5 0 2.5 1.5 0.75 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.075 0.03 0.0075 0.001 Min 1.60 1.10 0.10 0.40 1.10 1.90 24.50 7.90 9.50 0.10 Max 1.60 1.10 10.90 28.60 11.90 12.00 40.30 21.90 36.30 16.20 Average 1.60 1.10 1.59 8.45 5.37 6.73 31.59 15.16 23.30 8.37 Particle Size

Figure 6: Particle Size distribution of sediments9

.Groundwater

104. There are 94 major aquifers in Uzbekistan. The renewable groundwater resources are estimated at 19.68 km3/year, of which 12.88 km³/year are considered to be overlap with surface resources. Limits to groundwater abstraction for each aquifer in Central Asia have been established. It is permitted to use only such a quantity of groundwater that does not cause surface flow reduction. This quantity is estimated at 6.8 km3/year for Uzbekistan. However, the actual groundwater abstraction is estimated at 7.5 km3/year which causes surface flow reduction.

105. The main source of drinking water in Fergana region is ground waters from artesian wells and boreholes. The fresh water with low mineralization (1 mg/l) is encountered in the region unevenly, particularly in south-western part of the region.

106. Category IV protected area status (the lowest category) has been given to five small localized sites, which include; "Sand Boston Buva" located in the Buva district; an 8,5 ha area "Zilha" in Oltiarik district; a 22,2 ha area "Akbarobod" in district; a 20 ha, ― steppe‖ in Yozyovon district; and the Central steppe in Ohunbabaev district. A fresh water aquifer the ―Isfara deposit‖ which is located below the Besharyk area has been given the status of "Protected natural territories". The aquifer can be used for drinking water but is protected from use for irrigation and industry. Apart from the aquifer all of the protected areas are located at some distance to the subproject.

107. The subproject has a single water-bearing aquifer in Quaternary deposits. Based on the data from the Ferghana Hydrogeological Expedition, groundwater (in July 2010) was found 1.5 - 2.0 m below the surface. Water was salty with dissolved solids (1-3 g/l) with chemical components of sulphate and sodium.

108. Groundwater is recharged by infiltration water from fields and irrigation network, atmospheric and inflow from hypsometric upstream land. Groundwater

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discharges through subterranean flow-off, evaporation and plant transpiration, as well as through collector drainage.

109. Groundwater levels and quality are influenced by irrigation and climatic conditions. Groundwater levels become the deepest between February and March. The closer-to-surface occurrence of groundwater is typical of the vegetative season between June and July. Average long-term annual amplitude of groundwater fluctuation level is 0.5-1.2 m. Permeability factor for clay loam is 0.3 m/day and for gravel and pebbles 20 m/day.

110. Over application of water, will form an elevated water table and where it rises to the rooting zone within saline soils and this will be hazardous for plants leading to productivity declines and death in excessively saline areas. The Sokh-Syrdarya BISA10 recognises that groundwater related problems are critical issues within the Fergana valley. Rising groundwater tables are controlled by an extensive system of drainage channels that covers the Fergana valley and drain to the Syrdarya, however many of these have not been well maintained by the farmer based Water User Associations (WUA) and the central government is now initiating a program that is initially focussed on the Fergana valley to improve farm drainage and to move this away from the WUA to the BISA system. The Sokh-Syrarya BISA have an extensive groundwater and drainage water collection system that covers the Fergana valley and has plotted salinity concentrations over several years, which indicates that salinity is increasing. Drainage from the irrigation areas is directed back to the Syrdarya and consequently the location of the pump station means that it also receives water with lower quality due to upstream return flow.

111. Hydro-melioration Expedition division of the Sokh-Syrdarya BISA monitors soil and water quality within the Fergana valley and within the subproject area by a system of monitoring sites and wells that are established at about 1 well per 70 ha. Wells are monitored in both April and October each year, i.e. at the beginning and end of the irrigation season. Samples are weighed for minerals remaining after evaporation. Any samples that record more than 3g/l are considered to be hazardous for cropping.

C.2 Ecological Resources

Forests and Biodiversity

112. Natural vegetation currently occupies 85 % of the desert and steppe area, 13 % of mountains, valleys and floodplain areas. In the floodplains which were originally well covered with flora, only 2% of the original flora now remains. Flora of Uzbekistan is represented by at least 4,500 species of vascular plants which belong to 650 genera and 115 families. Endemism rate is rather low and equals 8 % (or 400 species) of the total number of species. (Uzbekistan Academy of Science, 2006).

10 BISA Basin Irrigation System Authority has been formed by MWRA to specifically address irrigation within basins rather than by political boundaries. BISAs are government agencies, whereas WUAs are farmer based 10

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113. The total area of state owned forest land is 8.6 million ha or about 18% of the total area of the Republic. The area under actual forest is 2.4 million ha or 5.3% of the country‘s total area of forest. Compared to 1996, the total area of the state forest reserve has been reduced by more than 1 million ha (NPC, 2005).

114. Uzbekistan is at the junction of several bio-geographic regions in Central Asia and has a rich faunal diversity that includes endemic species and other species that have migrated to occupy the diverse range of habitats that are present in the country. The present vertebrate fauna includes 677 species, including 108 species of mammals, 432 species of birds, 58 species of reptiles, 2 species of amphibians and 77 fish species. Many of these species and their habitats are now under threat from economic development which has changed much of the original desert habitats to irrigated areas while overgrazing by farmed animals has further reduced the range and numbers of many of the species. (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 2006).

115. Uzbekistan has prepared lists of rare and endangered flora and fauna11. Of the 4,500 species of flora in Uzbekistan some 302 species of plants and 3 species of fungi have been classified according to three categories of occurrence and areal extent as being rare and endangered. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2006) shows that 44 types of plants from the Red Book grow in the Province out of which one type Hedysarum amancutanicum is listed as Category 0; 15 species are listed as Category 1; 24 species are listed as Category 2, and 5 species are listed as Category 3. Some 48 species of fauna are listed in the Red Book of which 31 species are Category 2, 12 are Category 3 and 5 are of Category 1.12

116. The flora of the Fergana region is very diverse and rich. The northern part has salt marsh meadows (saz) where Russian thistles grow. Considerable part of land is occupied by cultural crops, essentially cotton. In the oasis most widespread flora include pyramidal poplar, mulberry, elm, djida, willow, Greek nuts, apricot, apple tree, pear tree, peach tree, pomegranate, fig, quince, cherry tree, grape, plum, almonds, etc. Also white acacia, tulip tree, maklur, ailanthus, plane, etc., grow. Along river deltas, deciduous and Central Asian juniper woods, which protect slopes from erosion and have economic value, are encountered.

117. The fauna of Fergana region is diverse and rich. In Syrdarya tugai wild boar is encountered, in foothills of Alay ridge, wolf, fox, badger, porcupine, etc., can be rarely seen, in the oasis – big-eared hedgehog and rattle-mouse are found. Among birds. sparrows, pink starlings, pigeons, turtle-doves, swallows, quail, hoopoe, cuckoo, crow, nightingale and others are present. Among predatory birds eagles and griffins are found but occationally. In foothills on stony slide-rocks – stony partridge (Keklik) and skylarks are reported. On reservoir banks a large variety of ducks, sandpipers and other waterfowls are found. Among reptiles, usual tortoises, and numerous lizards; and among arachnidan – phalanxes, scorpions, tarantulas; and among fish – marinka, barber, catfish, small carps are the reported specie.

11 Academy of Sciences and State Committee of Nature Protection, 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Volume I: Plants the Fungi. Volume II: Animals 12 Category 0 are species that are thought to be extinct, category 1 are species that are close to becoming extinct (endangered); Category 2 are rare species; and Category 3 Reducing ones 11

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118. In the Furkat district, flora consists mainly of saxaul, kandim, tamarisk, camel's- thorn, wormwood, pearl oyster of Leman, Caspian Halostachys, Russian fleshy thistle, Salsola, Petrosimonia oppositifolia, etc. On the Syrdarya banks trees of warm grey list poplar, willow, silver salt tree and other species are found.

119. In the Furkat district, fauna in the wild include jackals, foxes, wolfs, jungle cat, hares, rodents; birds include sparrow, Indian starlings, skylarks, ducks, bald ducks, pheasants, ravens, storks, falcons; regarding reptiles, both venomous and non- venomous snakes such as sandy boa, whip snake, grass snake, rtc., are reportedr. In Syrdarya river fishes such as carp, catfish, asp, snakehead, barbell, marinka (carp family) are encountered.

Protected Areas

120. Uzbekistan has addressed the problem of declining flora and fauna by creating proteced areas at both the national and provincial levels. The national level includes six mountain reserves (Gissar, Zaamin, Kitab, Nurata, Surkhan and Chatkal); three desert- tugai nature reserves (Kyzylkum, Badai-tugai, and Zarafashan; two mountain national parks (Zaamin and Ugam-Chatkal; nine reservations (Arnasai, Dengizkul, Karakir, Karakul, Karnabchul, Koshrabad, Saiga-chiy, Sarmysh and Sudochie) and two nature monuments (Vardanzi and Yazavan). A strictly protected status has been given to the eco-centre ―Djeiran‖ to breed rare animal species for their re-introduction to their natural habitats.

121. There are two state nature reserves In Fergana valley, i.e., Yaz‘yavan and Central Fergana (see Figure 7). The forestry economy with an area of 12,254 thousand ha is of ecological importance. There are 3 fresh water aquifers with status ―Protected natural territories‖, viz., Isphayram with area 2195,9 ha of local importance, Chimion- Avval with area 17036 ha and Sokh with area 16913 ha (Republican significance). There are no protected areas within the project or close to that.

12

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Figure 7: Protected Areas

Ecology of the Project Area

122. The irrigation area is devoid of its original vegetation. This having been removed by the construction and alteration of the environmental conditions by the irrigation systems. Here the original vegetation has been replaced by crops (cotton, wheat and maize), deciduous trees (poplars, and apricots, apples and walnuts). Some poplars (Topil), plane trees (Cheenara), tamarex, dzhida, yantak and isrik have been planted along the side of some canal sections where they survive on water seeping from the canal. Some salt tolerant grasses and sedges are found in the lower wetter areas.

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C.3 Economic Development

123. Uzbekistan is an upper low-income country rich in resources and economic potential. Since gaining independence in 1991 (having separated from the Soviet Union) the country has navigated towards a market based economy. With the subsequent transition, the chief economic goals of the country have broadly consisted of reducing dependence on imports, ensuring energy and food self-sufficiency, diversifying the economy, prudent fiscal and monetary policies, stimulating exports and expanding employment opportunities in order to raise living standards. The government has adopted a gradualist approach to economic change which has seen per capita GNI increase from $420 in 2003 to $610 in 2006. During the same period GDP grew from 4.4% to 7.2%. Despite this growth, poverty and unemployment are continuing problems in Uzbekistan (WB, 2000)13.

124. Agriculture is the key economic sector in Uzbekistan making up 33% of the GDP, 38% of employment and providing about 40% of export income (WB, 2000). Some 60% of the country‘s population live in rural areas. Agricultural land occupies 28.5 million ha of which 4.2 million ha is irrigated, the remaining 23.4 ha is low productive grazing land.

125. Due to the arid climate, crop production is almost entirely dependent on irrigation. Cotton and wheat are the two major crops, which are grown on 41% and 42% of the irrigated land respectively. Both crops are subject to production quotas imposed by the government. Uzbekistan is globally the sixth largest cotton producer and the second largest cotton exporter after the USA with cotton making up about 25% of export income. However, cotton production is being increasingly affected by soil degradation and salinization which is now affecting 50% of the irrigated area (WB, 2000). In Uzbekistan the Fergana province is one of the major agricultural production areas and is solely dependent on irrigation. In 2007, 66% of agricultural production in Fergana province was produced from dehkan farms (290,215 ha) and 31% from privately owned farms.

126. Since the mid 1990‘s Uzbekistan has also increasingly diversified away from cotton to make itself secure in food production and has promoted winter wheat growing. This crop uses less water and in 1997 the country attained self-sufficiency in wheat production.

127. The Ferghana valley, with administrative centre of Ferghana city, has a history of ancient irrigated agriculture and an agro based economy. Records indicate about 72% of the total population depends on the irrigated agriculture. Consequently, employment, income and the welfare of the majority of the population depend on the agriculture production.

128. For the last 10 years, the growth of rural population and corresponding increased land use for settlements and other in the region has led to reduction of the irrigated lands per capita. The increasing demand for water other than irrigated agriculture has been observed in the recent past.

129. The main crops growing in Furkat district is cotton and major agricultural activities

13 World Bank, 2000. Irrigation and Drainage Sector Strategy Study. Volume 1. Report prepared for MAWR 14

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are the silkworm raring, grain breeding, gardening (almond, cherry, peach, fig, garnet, grape), livestock, fish breeding and bee keeping. The total area under agricultural production is 32,5 thousand ha. The district produces cotton, cereals, vegetables, potatoes, eggs, milk, honey, animal products and silk. Industries of the district are related to the processing of petroleum, manufacture of mineral fertilizers, building materials, consumer goods, food, textile and, chemical.

130. In the Furkat district, industrial and construction organizations involve more than 600 small enterprises, "Ishonch" – filature factory, ginnery and brickyard, mahallya industrial organization, trade, cultural and municipal enterprises exceeding 2312 in number. Also there are 5 shirkats and 917 farms. The total number of small business accounts for 1278 and of them 917 are farms (the average size of a farm is 18,8 ha).

131. Within the territory of Furkat district, the Tashkent-Andijan railway and auto-road from Fergana to provide the vital linkages with rest of the country and nearby countries.

132. The command area of the Abdusamat-I subproject is13,500 ha. Considerable size (about 14%) of the command area was under used due to shortage of irrigation water caused by difficulties to abstract reduced river flow level by the intake canal, deteriorated pumps and irrigation canal system. Presently irrigated area by land users is shown in Table 5. About 71% of the irrigated lands are cultivated by private farmers and about 16% by dehkan farms, including household land plots and 14% by pasture and also unused lands.

Table 5: Distribution of lands in Abdusamat-I Subproject14

Type of farming Area (ha) Percentage of total Private farms 9,511 71 Dehkan farms including household land plots 2,162 16 Subtotal of used lands 11,673 87 Pasture and unused lands due to water shortage 1,827 14 Total 13,500 100

133. Averaged land use in the Abdusamat-I subproject area for four years from 2007 to 2010 is shown in Table 6. Cotton and wheat are the main crops on the irrigated lands of the subproject grown in 33.9% and 39.4%, respectively, of the all farms. About 73% of the command area was utilized for cultivation of cotton and wheat and the rest was allocated for potatoes (2%), vegetables (2.8%), melon and gourds (0.8%), fodder crops (13.5%), orchards (2.2%), vineyards (1.1%), mulberry (0.2%), and others. Majority of irrigated lands are cultivated by the private farmers, all growing cotton as one of the

14 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 15

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major crop.

Table 6: Type of crops grown in Abdusamat-I Subproject (Av for 2007-2010)15

No Crop All farms (%) Private farms (%) 1 Wheat 39.4 77.7 2 Cotton 33.9 100.0 3 Potato - 3 Vegetables 4.8 20.4 4 Melon and gourds 0.8 95.5 5 Fodder crops. Total 13.5 97.0 6 Orchards 2.2 55.8 7 Vineyards 1.1 66.2 8 Mulberry 0.2 100.0 Household’s land plots and 9 4.1 - forest farms Total 100.0

134. Average yield capacities and gross yields of various crops for 2007-2009 in all farms and private farms in the Abdusamat-I subproject area are given in Table 7. The table shows yield capacities of wheat and cotton in all farms of 30.8 centner/ha and 28.3 centner/ha, respectively. The yield capacity of 28.1 centner/ha wheat in private farms is little lower than 30.8 centner/ha of all farms. The table also shows gross yield of 14,153 tons wheat, 11,209 tons raw cotton, 2,407 tons potatoes, 9,772 tons vegetables, 460 tons melon and gourds, 4,600 tons fruits, 1,853 tons grapes, etc., in all farms. Private farms produce 71% of wheat, 100% of cotton, 19.2% of vegetables and 39.1% of fruits.

Table 7: Crop yields in the Abdusamat-I Subproject (average for 2007-2009)16 Yield capacity Area (ha) Gross yield (ton) (centner/ha) No Land use Private Private Private All farms All farms All farms Farms farms farms 1 Wheat 4,602.5 3,577.5 30.8 28.1 14,153 10,053 2 Cotton 3,957.0 3,957.0 28.3 28.3 11,209 11,209 3 Potatoes 351.0 30.0 68.6 53.3 2,407 160 4 Vegetables 558.0 114.0 141.6 164.2 9,772 1,872.4 Melons and 5 89.0 85.0 51.7 51.8 460 440 gourds

15 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 16 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 16

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Fodder crops. 6 1,575.0 1,528.0 48.8 49.1 7,690 7,500 Total 7 Orchards – total 257.5 143.5 178.6 125.4 4,600 1,800 8 Vineyards 130.0 86.0 142.5 98.0 1,853 842.8

135. Table 8 shows number of animals and production of livestock and poultry in the district and subproject area. The Abdusamat-I subproject area has considerable portions of livestock and poultry of the district showing 22.23% cattle, 21.96% cows, 25.97% sheep and goats and 15.05% poultry compared to the total in the district. Production of livestock and poultry in the subproject area account for 19.28% meat, 22.88% milk and 16.42% of eggs of the district production.

Table 8: Livestock and poultry in the district and subproject area in 201017

Subproject as % Livestock and poultry District total Subproject of district total No of animals Cattle 146,111 32,479 22.23 Cows 58,556 12,857 21.96 Sheep and goats 123,039 31,954 25.97 Poultry 396,430 59,676 15.05 Production Meat (live weight basis) 15,072 2,906 19.28 (ton) Milk ( ton) 102,256 23,400 22.88 Eggs (thousand pcs). 21,855 3,588 16.42

136. In Abdusamat-I subproject, 11,673 ha of lands was cultivated in 2010, including 9,511 ha cultivated by the private farmers, 2,162 ha cultivated by dehkan farms. Household land plots include 484 ha. Area of temporary unused lands owing to shortage of water was 1,827 ha. Under the current conditions, the major portion of the irrigated land is used for wheat and cotton (73.3%) cultivation. Fodder crops occupy 13.5% of the area, of which 1.7% is sown to perennial grasses.

137. After rehabilitation of the pumping station, reliable irrigation water supply will create favourable conditions for crop cultivation and cropping intensity (see table 9). In the future, soil fertility can be improved and Bonitate value of the subproject area can be raised to 55 by implementing crop rotation system including green manure crops.

17 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 17

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Table 9: Land Use under the current conditions and with the project18

Current conditions (2010) With the project

No Crop Area (ha) Area (ha) % Total % total Private Dehkan Total Private farms Dehkan farms total farms farms 1 Wheat 3,578 1,025 4,603 39.4 3,800 1,025 4,825 35.7 2 Cotton 3,957 0 3,957 33.9 5,398 0 5,398 40.0 3 Vegetables 30 321 351 3.0 30 330 360 2.7 4 Potato 114 444 558 4.8 114 450 564 4.2 Melons and 5 85 4 89 0.8 85 68 153 1.1 gourds 6 Fodder crops-total 1,528 47 1,575 13.5 1,575 94 1,669 12.4 - Maize for silage 660 27 687 5.9 687 60 747 5.5 - Annual grasses 686 8 694 5.9 694 20 714 5.3 -Perennial 182 12 194 1.7 194 14 208 1.5 grasses Total sowings 9,262 1,520 10,782 92.4 10,972 1,637 12,609 93.4 7 Orchards-total 144 114 258 2.2 144 114 258 1.9 Including fruit- 144 114 258 2.2 144 114 258 1.9 bearing 8 Grapes-total 86 44 130 1.1 86 44 130 1.0 Including fruit- 86 44 130 1.1 86 44 130 1.0 bearing 9 Mulberry 19.6 0 20 0.2 19.6 0 19.6 0.1 Household land 10 0 484 484 4.1 0 484 484 3.6 plots Total 9,510.6 2,162 11,673 100.0 11,221 2,279 13,500 100.0 Double crops 0 444 444 3.8 340 444 784 5.8 -Vegetables 0 321 321 2.7 220 321 541 4.0 -Potato 0 321 321 5.2 0 321 321 2.7

18 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 18

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-Maize for silage 0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0

138. If irrigation water supply becomes reliable, farm production could be intensified with introduction of advanced agricultural practices such as mineral fertilizers applied in a timely fashion, use of improved seed varieties, etc.

139. With the project, irrigation-based farming will achieve the following output: 10,452 tons of wheat, 7,536 tons of cotton, 1,402 tons of vegetables, 2,438 tons of potato and 454 tons of melons, 1,588 tons of fruits, 918 tons of grapes, etc. With reliable irrigation, farmers will have more opportunities of growing double crops like vegetables, potato and maize for silage after harvest of wheat as shown in Table 10. Also there will be an increase in poultry and livestock production as shown in table 11.

Table 10: Cropping area and production with the project19 Yield Area Gross yield No. Crop capacity (ha) (ton) (ton/ha) 1 Wheat 6,266 3.3 20,678 2 Cotton 3,957 2.5 9,893 3 Vegetables 24 9.5 228 4 Potato 565 16.3 9,210 5 Melons and gourds 153 14.0 2,142 6 Fodder crops-total 1,644 - Maize for silage 328 13.8 8,666 - Annual grasses 706 13.8 9,743 -Perennial grasses 310 9.5 2,945 7 Orchards-total 257.5 8.0 2,060 Including fruit-bearing 257.5 8 Grapes-total 130 9..0 1,170 Including fruit-bearing 130 9 Mulberry 19.6 Double crops -Vegetables 784 16.3 12,779 -Potato 541 9.5 5,140 -Maize for silage 2,560 13.8 35,328

Table 11: Livestock and poultry production with the project20

19 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 19

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Livestock and poultry Production Cattle (head) 36,247 Cows (head) 14,348 Sheep and goats (head) 35,661 Poultry (head) 66,598 Meat (live weight) (ton) 3,243 Milk (ton) 26,114 Eggs, thousand (piece) 4,004

C.4 Social and Cultural Resources

140. Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia with around 27.6 million citizens21 and a land mass of almost 450,000 km2. It occupies a strategic, though double landlocked location bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Turkmenistan and to the south and west. It is the 56th largest country in the world by area and the 45th by population. The capital Tashkent with a population of over 2.5 million is the largest city in Central Asia. Some 90% of the population belongs to Central Asian nations. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, approximately 80 % of the population are Uzbek. are the second largest group with 5.5% of the population. Other ethnic groups include 5%, Kazaks 3%, 2.5%, Tartars 1.5% and Kyrgyz 1%. Nearly 60% of the population live in rural areas.

141. The is the official state language and Russian is also widely spoken. Uzbekistan benefits from a rich cultural inheritance being one of the ‗cradles of civilization‘ located on the ancient ‗‘ between Asia, the Middle East and Europe22.

142. The strength of recent export led growth23 in the region of 6%-8% GDP growth per annum between 2004 – 200824 and the maintenance of high rates of public expenditure in the education and health sectors, have enabled a reduction in the overall poverty rate from 27.5% (urban 22.5% to rural 30.5%) in 200125, to 23.6% (urban 17.6% to rural 27.1%) by 200726. The indicators of wealth creation are positive with gross national income per capita increasing to US$900 in 200827, up from US$730 in 200728.

20 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 21 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) 22 UNDP Country Programme Action Plan 2010- 2015 23 Especially in gold, copper, cotton, natural gas, machinery production, and chemical, light and food-processing industries – (buoyed by favorable global prices) 24 The Economist Intelligence Unit 25 Welfare Improvement Strategy of Uzbekistan – (2008-2010) Table 3.8 26 UNDP Draft Country Programme Document for Uzbekistan 2010-2015 (19th March 2009) 27 World Bank Uzbekistan Country Brief 2009 (per capita based on GNI, Atlas method). 28 United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2015 p. 13 20

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143. Poverty and low wages are a national concern and it is estimated that 26% of the population live below the national poverty line (2003 data as quoted by ADB, 2008) with the great majority of these people living in rural areas. It is estimated that rural incomes have declined to less than 25% of the urban wage rates. Rural poverty has been shown to be clearly related to unreliable water supply and land degradation (water logging and soil salinization) with those farmers located at the end of the water distribution systems normally the most affected. Poverty in rural areas is also affected by increased numbers of people now wanting to enter the workforce as a consequence of high birth rates in the 1970‘s and 1980‘s. With the privatisation of landholdings there has been a reduction in employment opportunities and many of these people can no longer find work in rural areas or are underemployed. It is estimated that about 3.5 million mainly young men have migrated abroad in search of work.

144. Within Uzbekistan the Fergana valley currently supports a population of 6,867,200 persons of which 71% are rural. The population density in the valley within Uzbekistan is the highest in the three countries at 353 persons/km2 with only 0.19 ha/head of irrigated land now available. After the collaCE of the Soviet Union, economic growth slowed down and the complex irrigation structures gradually declined due to lack of maintenance caused by lowered income from reduced water availability and the resulting inability of poorer farmers to meet the costs of maintaining the structure.

145. In the Furkat district, there are 6 kishlak (village) societies (Navbahor, Tomosha, Shunkor, Kukon, Gallakor, Guncha). The administrative center, Navbahor, is located in the eastern part of the Fergana Region 15 km eastward of Kokand town. The population in the center is 3 thousand people. The housing facilities basically include the private one-storey houses but in the centre of Navbahor two-storey houses are encountered.

146. In Uzbekistan, there is a free public medical service. The largest hospitals are located in Tashkent while regional centres provide adequate facilities at regional levels. However, the facilities at district hospitals are not fully-equipped and they send patients to regional hospitals for serious conditions. The prevalence of illnesses has increase during the last years in the whole of the country. From 2005 to 2008 the level of prevalence increased at the rate of 3.59% in the Fergana region and major causes were allergy, nervous disorders, respiratory diseases, digestive problems and nasal catarrh. About 21% of children below 5 years are under-seight (ADB, 2005).

147. In the Fergana region, there are 127 hospitals with 6,5 thousand doctors and 26,2 thousand average medical staff. In the Dangara district, there are 4 hospitas with 390 beds. Also, there are 22 units of Ambulatory-clinic agency, 20 rural medical offices. The Fergana Province has sanatory "Chimion". In the Furkat district, there are 4 hospitals, 3 polyclinics, 18 obstetrical- first-aid stations and 11 rural medical offices, ambulatories, Health Center, drugstores, etc., to cater for the health requirements.

148. Regarding educational facilities of the Dangara district, the number of general school is 42 for 26479 school children and 5 professional colleges for 52400 students. In the district there are 45 libraries, 17 cultural centres and 43 play grounds. In the province, for entertainment there are 4 theatres, 335 clubs, 394 cinemas. There are 737 mass libraries, 9 museums, 9 sanatoriums and 1 house for rest. There are 6 mass media publications in the province, namely: "Fergona haqiqati", "Ferganaskaya Pravda", 21

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

"Fargona Tongi", "Davr ovozi" and others. There is Function teller adio company of Fergana region.

149. In Furkat district, there are 33 general school for 24000 schoolchildren, 2 professional colleges with 1900 students, and music and sport schools for children, specialized lyceum- school boarding houses. In September 2004, social-economic college organized courses on banking, tax and taxing, economical legislation, finances, physical/ culture teacher training for beginners, social assistance to children and young mothers, etc. The total number enrolled is 600. In Furkat district, there are clubs, a central library with 27 branches, amusement park, 6 entertainment centres, etc.

150. The local government organizations established at the lowest level of governance are the Makhallas (equivalent to villages). The area of a Mahalla is determined by local authorities and the sub project area has 6 Makhallas. The Rural Assembly of Citizens (RAC) is at the next higher level of rural administration. The Chairman is elected by village representatives based on District Administration Recommendations (Local Authority). Abdusamat subproject has 5 RACs. Water User Associations (WUA) are non-governmental organizations that distribute irrigation water to farmers. There are --- WUAs in the subproject. Members elect the Chairman. The Chairman appoints the other officers. WUAs are also responsible for O&M of irrigation and drainage structures and canals. The population data of the subproject are given in the table below.

Table 12 : Demographic data of the Abdusamat subproject29

Indicator Data Source Quantity

Total Population RACs & Makhallas 5 393 Total No of HH RACs & Makhallas 1 149 Average HH Size 4,7 Total No of Families RACs & Makhallas 1 345

29 Socio-economic baseline data collected for the feasibility study of Abdusamat subproject 22

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Indicator Data Source Quantity

No of Poor Families RACs & Makhallas 90 No of Non Poor Families 1 255 % of Poor Families 6,7 % of Non Poor Families 93,3 No of children below 1 year RACs & Makhallas 199 No of children below 5 years RACs & Makhallas 395 No of children below 7 years RACs & Makhallas 231 No of children below 16 years RACs & Makhallas 799 Total No of children below 16 years RACs & Makhallas 1 624 No of adults > 60 RACs & Makhallas 255 Total No of Dependents 1 879 Dependency ratio 53,5 Dependency ratio (Employed) 71,1 No of Old age pensioners Total RACs & Makhallas 380 % of Old age pensioners in Popln. 7,0 No Disabled / handicapped Total RACs & Makhallas 85 % of Disabled / handicapped in Popln. 1,6 No of Persons Migrated Total RACs & Makhallas 34 % of Persons Migrated 0,6

*Poor families are identified by RACs and Makhallas based on multiple factors, such as number of dependents, income level, family members with disabilities, etc. Poor families are subject to social transfers from the government

151. The population of the subproject is 5,393 with 1,345 families in 1,149 households. Average family size in the subproject is 4.7. Extended family system is common several families living together within a one household. However, younger families move out and establish their own homes when they establish a good income source.

152. The Sub-Project area population is rather homogeneous in terms of ethnic origin and 99.2% of the population in the subproject area is . Dependency ratio is 53.5% for the sub-project area. Total workforce in the sub-project area comprises of 3 241 people. Employed population comprises 81.6% of the total workforce. The largest number of population is employed in agriculture (22.4%) %) and government sector (9.4%). Majority of economically active women in the sub-project area are housekeepers. However, as revealed by the focus-group discussions with women, housekeepers are involved in a number of agricultural activities, such as livestock raring in households and cotton harvesting. Unemployment rate is considerable and constitutes 6.29% of the total population.

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153. The education level in the sub-project area is typical of most rural areas of Uzbekistan and 27% of the population has completed the secondary education whereas only 0.7%% have completed any professional education at secondary level. However, the rate of people with higher education (5.29%) is above average among surveyed sub- project areas (3.9%) and 5% have obtained University education.

154. Potable water supply is a serious problem for the project area. Only 23.7% of households in the sub-project area have pipe 0borne water in the house or in the courtyard. Also, 37.5% of households have access to street water taps. On the average, pipeline water is available only for 1 to 2 hours a day. Those without inadequate water supply use the water sources of rivers, canals, ditches and Springs, at least time to time, by 33.8% of households. About 8.9% of the population get water using hand pumps within or outside compound. 10.4% of households use other sources of water. Therefore, people in the sub-project area drink and cook using water, which falls short of sanitary standards. In order to clean water, people mainly use boiling and settling.

155. Only 77.4% of households are connected to the electricity supply network, but power cuts are very frequent. This, in particular, is caused by use of electricity by pump stations, since most part of the electricity supplied to the area is used by pump stations. On the average, electricity is available 1 to 2 hours a day. Regarding the gas supply in the project area, only 74.8% of households are connected to natural gas pipelines. Natural gas is supplied irregularly, with frequent interruptions/low pressure. Also 45.2% of the households are connected to telephone lines. On the other hand, nearly 100% of households use mobile phones due to easy access to mobile communications.

156. Only 16% of the households in the sub-project area have access to central sewage system while mmajority of the balance households use pit toilets. According to the District Health departments, only 0.3% of the population was affected by water-borne diseases in 2010 and 1.2% of population in the sub-project area was affected by other diseases in 2010. The infrastructure facilities available for the subproject population are as follows given in the table 13.

Table 13: Infrastructure facilities available for the population of Abdusamat subproject30

District Dangara Furkat Uzbekistan Indicators \ Name of RAC Okjar Gallakor Guncha Ohun KaynarOvchi Population 2 807 1 165 1 213 100 108 Number of Households 594 273 238 20 24 Distance from the Central Populated Locality to 35 11 25 22 30 District Center, km Distance to the nearest big road, km 20 0,3 27 20 3 Extensions of Roads with Hard Covering 80 35 52 45 65 Number of Households Having Acces to Clean Piped 594 273 107 20 24 Water (in House or in the Street)

30 Socio-economic baseline data collected for the feasibility study of Abdusamat subproject 24

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

District Dangara Furkat Uzbekistan Indicators \ Name of RAC Okjar Gallakor Guncha Ohun KaynarOvchi Number of Households Having Access to Centralized 250 42 130 0 0 Natural Gas Supply Number of Households Having Access to Electricity 594 273 238 20 24 Number of Households Connected to Telephone 0 0 0 0 0 Communication Line Number of Operating Kindergartens 2 2 8 6 5 Number of Places (Capacity) in Kindergartens 200 50 400 650 300 Number of Children Attending Kindergarten 120 40 320 650 300 Number of Kindergartens Having Access to Piped 2 0 8 6 5 Water Number of Secondary Schools 8 2 5 7 6 Number of Schools Having Access to Piped Water 8 0 5 7 6 Number of Colleges 1 0 1 1 0 Number of RMS 4 1 3 1 5 Number of RMS Having Access to Piped Water 4 0 2 1 5 Number of Drugstores within the RAC 2 0 2 3 1 Number of Operating Bathes within the RAC 1 0 1 1 1 Number of Marketplaces 1 0 0 0 1 Number of Shops/Stalls 43 2 8 70 60 Number of Canteens/Teahouses 3 0 0 4 30 Number of Bakehouses 4 1 2 10 50 Land Area of RAC, he 10,2 2258,0 5834,0 2984,2 4740,0

157. The facilities and supports available locally for implementation of the subproject are as follows: Availability of well-developed livelihood support infrastructure, transport and other engineering communications; Availability of construction organizations, local construction materials and experienced staff; Long experience of the rural population in cultivation of various agricultural crops; Availability of the operational organizations for water management structures, engineering and technician staff having unique experience in long-term O&M of physically worn out pump stations and canals; Availability of agricultural product processing entities and other support from related sectors; Opportunities for further socioeconomic development of the subproject area.

158. Previously established production and social infrastructure with a reliable water supply would allow further development of agricultural production in the irrigated lands. Economic linkages between the suppliers of agricultural inputs and consumers have been well developed in this area. The location of the agricultural inputs markets in the subproject area is as follows:

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IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Cotton and wheat seeds, chemical fertilizers and plant protection agents are purchased from Furkat settlement (6-10 km); Fuel materials are delivered from Kokand town (30 km) to the branches located in Abdusamat-1 subproject area, the distance to which varies from 3 to 15 km.

The distance from the district MTP ―JSC Furkat District MTP‖ rendering chargeable machinery services for cultivating of agricultural crops is 4-10 km. There are alternative MPT in subproject area. Many farmers have their own machinery and use MTP‘s services only as additional.

159. Agricultural production is sold under contractual agreements. Farmers sell raw cotton to the Besharyk cotton plant (12 km). Wheat is sold to JSC ―Kokanddon‖ flour mill (35 km). The rest of the production is sold in dehkan markets located at varying distances. Furkat settlement – Dangara settlement 10 km; Furkat settlement – Kokand town 25-30 km; Furkat settlement – Besharyk town 12 km; Furkat settlement – town 30 km; Furkat settlement – Ferghana town 120 km. Furkat settlement – Namangan town 50 km

Table 14: Social Infrastructure facilities in Abdusamat-I Subproject Area31

No Name Quantity 1 Housing and public utilities department 8 2 Private Houses 4,806 3 State and public enterprises/institutions/organizations Flour mill - Petroleum storage depots and branches (water 6 availability for fire protection purposes) Warehouses (garage) 4 Shops 2 Outpatient clinics 3 Schools 2 Kindergartens 3 Stadiums 2 Sport grounds 3 4 Roads:

31 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 26

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

No Name Quantity Asphalt (km) 58 Unpaved (km) 40 5 Bridges 16 6 Drinking water pipeline (km) 9.8 7 Gas supply pipeline (km) 28 8 Electric power transmission lines (km) 79.7 9 Communication lines (km) 13 10 Wells with potable water (artesian) 4

160. The advantage for the agricultural producers is availability of well-developed transport network: asphalt highways connect the subproject area with all regions allowing the farmers to buy inputs and sell the production at their own discretion.

D. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

D.1 Potential Environmental Impacts

D 1.1 Issues / Concerns Relative to Siting

161. Construction of all the new facilities and repair/ upgrading of existing facilities will be all in the existing lands under the BISA. All these sites are about 10 Km away from major residential or commercial areas and even the closest settlement is 0.7 km away from the pump house. There are no sensitive ecosystems, protected areas, endemic or threatened species to be impacted due to the project sites. As well, none of the historic, cultural and architectural sites will be impacted.

162. Structural stability of the facilities may be impacted by the geological and soil conditions in the area unless adequate structural stability is incorporated into the design. If adequate safety precautions are not considered accidents may occur due to natural disasters like earthquakes. Possibilities of groundwater effects on the pumping station, particularly on electrical systems, need adequate attention during the design.

Availability of water

163. There is no other source of water available for this subproject and the water supply through the Zarafshan River is a reliable source. Water user conflict may result 27

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

only if irrigation farmers using water downstream of the Abdusamat intake in the Zarafshan River are likely to be impacted by reduced water.

164. The Abdusamat subproject intake canal draws water from the Zarafshan River through an intake sill located about 3m above the bed level of the river. After deepening and widening the intake the water diverted into the intake canal will be increased. Estimated irrigation water requirement at the system head of Abdusamat canal for 13,300 ha is about 25 m3/s. This requirement is compared with the river flow in the following table.

Table 15: Average flow of the Syrdarya River at Chilmakram Hydropost during 1998 – 2008 period and maximum irrigation requirement at Abdusamat intake32

May June Ju;y Augu Sep Oct Av River Flow (mcm) 914 894 698 652 586 919 Av River Flow (m3/s) 352.90 345.17 269.50 251.74 226.25 354.83 Max Irrigation demand as % of av river flow 6.23% 6.37% 8.16% 8.74% 9.72% 6.20%

165. It is obvious that the maximum irrigation requirement of the Abdusamat pumping station (22 m3/s) could be met by about 6 – 10 percent of the average river flow during May – October period if the intake sill level of the Abdusamat intake is lowered. However it should be noted that about 13.5 m3/s of water is already diverted during this period to the intake canal and any additional abstraction after rehabilitation will be about 8.5 m3/s at the maximum. Therefore any additional abstraction after rehabilitation will be about 2 - 3 percent of the river flow, which is unlikely to impact adversely on the downstream. Moreover, return flow from the irrigation scheme will reach the Syrdarya river at the downstream.

166. Uzbekistan is signatory to the following multi-lateral agreements and they must be respected in decision making regarding the water abstraction from transnational rivers like Syrdarya River. These multi-lateral agreements in water sector include: (a) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in Trans-boundary Context (Espoo, 1991); (b) Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary Water Courses and International Lakes (Helsinki, 1992); (c) Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 2001)

167. There is a problem of heavy sediment-flux in the Syrdarya River affecting the canal capacities and pump-life as well passing down into irrigated areas. The longitudinal section of the survey plans of the intake canal shows silt deposits from picket 0+00 to 4+00 indicating larger particles have deposited in the initial reaches. Moreover, flow velocities in the canal were such that the suspended sediments had been pumped into the machine canal resulting in silt deposits in the canal system.

32 Dongshin Engineering Consultants, Feasibility Report of Abdusamat Subproject, 20111 28

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168. The flat topography of the river bank at the site, the elevations of the river bed (351.81 m) and sill of the pump house inlet (354.32 m) restrict the available options for removal of deposited sediment to mechanical removal. Consequently, the intake canal needs low flow velocities to facilitate sediment deposition and continuous mechanical dredging to remove silt, especially during the high flows in the Syrdarya river.

169. The design of the sediment basin for rehabilitation consider (i) the layout of the current intake and pumping station facilities for inflows and silt removal arrangements, (ii) monthly Syrdarya river flows from 2004 to 2008, (iii) average monthly turbidity variations in the Syrdarya river, and (iv) fractional particle size of the sediment.

170. Existing earthen canal could be enlarged to contain the sediments with an excavated silt trap in the canal bed. The above option was analysed considering, average flow and turbidity conditions in the source river and inlet canal, a bed width of 20 m in the inlet canal, side slope of 1:1.5 and the outcome is summarized below. Depth of silt trap (m) 3.0 Depth of flow in the sediment basin (m) 5.0 Bed width in the sediment basin (m) 10 Flow velocity (m/s) 0.16 Length for sedimentation (m) 500

171. In practice, sediment basins under the conditions of Uzbekistan are calculated with due consideration to the suspended sediment load in the source canal, flow hydraulics in inlet canal, and settling velocity of the sediment.

172. The peak irrigation demand occurs from June to October annually, and the maximum and minimum river flows during this period are 771 and 149 m3/s, respectively, and corresponding sediment loads in the river flows are 2,500 and 94 g/m3. Assuming bulk density of 1.3 g/cm3 and suspended sediment to be 70% of total sediment load, the total estimated inflow of sediment into intake canal with the inflow of 25 m3/s is 2,280 m3/day. Therefore, any provisions for sediment trapping must be capable of meeting the above requirement.

173. Under the prevailing conditions, upstream reaches of the river receives stream and drainage discharges from the Ferghana valley, which results in increased salinity levels. The recorded average salinity rate is 0.7- 0.8 g/l, while the maximum values was 1.2 - 1.5 g/l and the minimum values was 0.5 - 0.6 g/l.

174. Following are the observed levels of salinity, HCO3, and hardness of water in Syrdarya river: Salinity levels: 200 - 500 mg/l during high water and 500 - 800 mg/l during low water;

HCO3 levels: 20 - 31% equivalent during high water and 17 - 24% equivalent during low water; Total hardness of water: 3.5 - 9.2 mg equivalent during high water and 5.7 - 10 mg during low water.

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175. Based on the correlation between discharge rate and salinity levels, calculated salinity rate is as follows: Salinity rate of over 1.5 g/l during discharge levels of less than 250 - 300 m3/s; Salinity rate of less than 1.02 mg/l during discharge levels around 500 m3/s; Salinity rate of 0.7-0.5 g/l during discharge levels of over 700-800 m3/s.

176. Salinity less than 1 g/l is considered as low salinity and 1 – 3 g/I as medium and water with salinity less than 3 g/l is considered acceptable for irrigation according to the MAWR classification. The other parameters are also within the acceptable limits. Therefore, the water quality is acceptable for irrigation purposes.

D.1.2 Issues/ Concerns Relative to Design

177. If the design of facilities is inadequate issues related to health and safety of the pump house workers due to poor working conditions, unsafe working areas, structural instability, etc., in the pump stations may arise.

178. At present health and safety of workers at the pump station is at risk. Present staff facilities are inadequate and were neglected in the original design. There do not appear to be any dedicated staff changing rooms, washrooms or toilets. In the pump station, there is a clear danger of exposure of personnel to electrocution from working in areas with poorly maintained high voltage electrical equipment that is used to drive the pump motors.

179. Inadequate designs may result in pollution of water by oil spilled in the pump house. Currently, spilt machine lubricating oil is not separated and this is returned to the Primary Canal whenever the pump station drainage pumps are switched on. Oil and water separators are required to be retrofitted to the pump stations.

180. The canal water is highly turbid with a dark greyish black colour resulting from the acquisition of colloidal soil particles. Fine abrasive sand is also present and is responsible for wearing the pump impellers. Also contained within the water and responsible for its dark colour are silt particles which continue on through the pumps and are delivered to the upper areas. Therefore reduction of sand at the pump intake by suitable options is important to ensure the pump life and irrigation capability.

181. Rising main if installed in salinized soils/water logged areas, their durability will be reduced. Similarly negligence of required farm drainage to minimize deterioration of land productivity may reduce the project benefits and the sustainability. Also inadequate canal crossings may create problems,

182. The mechanical and electrical equipment in the pumping stations appears to have been poorly maintained which is probably due to a combination of lack of training in maintenance procedures and lack of budget. Inability to maintain the equipment will shorten the life-span of them. Inadequate procurement requirements specified during the 30

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

design may result in purchase of electrical and mechanical equipments without adequate training leading to poor O&M and threat to sustainability of the operations. Also equipments with prohibited PCB chemicals may be purchased.

183. Failure to Incorporate the EMP requirements in the bidding / contract documents and requirement to follow the EMP by the Contractors will lead to inability to mitigate environmental impacts during the construction period. Similarly, inadequate bidding documents without mention to evaluation based on Contractor‘s CEMP as well as evaluation of contractors without due consideration to their CEMP and previous experience with EMPs may result in selection of n environmentally irresponsible contractor.

D.1.3 Project Alternatives

184. There are few alternatives to the rehabilitation of the pump stations and the ancillary support facilities. Unless the intake canal is deepened and widened, diversion of adequate river water is a problem during the vegetative phase with river flow regimes changed due to upstream hydro-power operations. The ―zero alternative‖ of not carrying out the rehabilitation would be the progressive failure of the equipment and the structures until the system is unable to continue to supply water to the farmers. This would have a devastating social impact which would affect directly or indirectly the livelihoods of 23,202 residential population of the subproject. Also, deny the production from 13,500 ha .

185. The consequences of not carrying out the maintenance would create a major social disturbance as no expansion of irrigable areas is foreseen within other areas of the country. Therefore, the ability to resettle these farmers within existing irrigation areas would not be possible. The closure of the pump station would now mean that 246.55 Mil m3 of water would be available to the lower areas. This could be used to recreate another irrigation area or the water could be released as an environmental flow to assist in improving the environmental health of the River. Overall, the hydrological situation has been so changed that while downstream water quality and quantity may be slightly improved so that the redirection of this water would only create a minor improvement on the river hydrology.

186. impacts of the proposed subproject would be mainly beneficial. Consequent to rehabilitation, enhanced intake facilities, decreased incidence of operational failures and uninterrupted water supply will enable adequate irrigation and increased agricultural productivity. On completion of the proposed rehabilitation of the subproject, the entire command area of 13,500 ha could be irrigated enabling the rural agriculture based communities to benefit from increased crop yield and farm incomes. D.1.4 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Construction

187. Disruption of Irrigation Supplies. Construction work for rehabilitation of the pumping stations may take about 24 months while the canals and other related structures may take about 12 months. Although all the major activities are planned for 31

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

the off-season during the winter, some work may demand extended periods beyond the winter. If such a scenario arises and such work is not carefully planned in coordination with water users, there will be disruptions to the water supply for grown crops. The worst scenario is if water supply to the entire subproject area is suspended by stopping all the pumps during the growing season (i.e. beyond the off season) for a substantial period. Similarly, repairs to the machine canal during summer limiting water issues downstream of sections under repair.

188. Removal and disposal of debris will cause impacts unless it is well planned. The environmental issues may arise at the pump station if replacement of the pump foundations and work to re-establish the pump house floor is required. This will yield reinforced concrete waste. Some of the floor waste will be impregnated to various degrees with lubricating oil. The old pumps, motors and electrical equipment will have a salvage value and will probably be re-used as spare parts for other pumping stations. Hazards may result if electrical equipments like transformers, which include Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)33 are improperly disposed. Also replacement with equipments having PCB is prohibited under ADB loans and should not be allowed.

189. Rehabilitation of the canals will require the de-silting which may yield large amount of silt. The sections for de-siltation and volumes will be finalized during the detailed design by the turn key contractors. Similarly, deepening and widening of the intake canal will result in large volume of spoil. Repairs to the concrete lined canals will result in concrete waste. All of the waste will need to be disposed of to meet acceptable disposal practices if impacts are to be eliminated.

190. There are hardly any need for removal of trees for canal rehabilitation and if indiscriminate removal of trees along the canals and clearing of sites is practiced that may create adverse impacts.

191. Considering the type of work to be completed, construction plants of the project would include the following: Construction plants of the project Works Excavation, levelling and Bull dozers, excavators, trucks for spoil/equipment backfilling, etc. transportation Construction Concrete mixing plant, trucks for construction materials transportation

192. Exhaust gas emanating from the above automobiles (i.e. 2 bull dozers, 4 excavators, 8 trucks, and one Concrete mixing plant) can be estimated (based on emission model)34 can be estimated as follows:

33 Polychlorinated biphenyls are mixtures of man-made chemicals and due to their non-flammability, chemical stability, and high boiling point have been used extensively as insulators. Polychlorinated biphenyls are highly stable, toxic and persistent chemicals. Their manufacture, processing and use have now been banned in many countries. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008: Available: http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/pubs/about.htm. 34 The values were estimated for the same combination of machines by Anycon Private Consulting Ltd for the Do Son Water Supply Project of Vietnam, Feasibility Study 2008. 32

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Gases Exhaust gas quantity (kg/day of running) HCHO 0,6698 x 10-3 CO 58 x 103 -3 CO2 5 x 10 -3 NO2 2,9 x 10 -3 SO2 0,2 x 10

193. At these levels, emissions into the open air, where air quality is good (i.e. pollution index is low at 1.5 according to PNPC), it is not likely to impact on the human health when compared to latest update of WHO guidelines given table 16 below. Moreover, even if any localized temporary air quality problem, it is unlikely to impact adversely on communities as all the work sites are remote from any human settlements.

Table 16: WHO Ambient Air Quality Guidelines35 Averaging Guideline value in Period mg/m3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 24-hour 125 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 20 (guideline) 10 minute 500 (guideline) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 1-year 40 (guideline) 1-hour 200 (guideline) Particulate Matter PM10 1-year 70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3) 20 (guideline) 24-hour 150 (Interim target-1) 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3) 50 (guideline) Particulate Matter PM2.5 1-year 35 (Interim target-1) 25 (Interim target-2) 15 (Interim target-3) 10 (guideline) 24-hour 75 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 37.5 (Interim target-3) 25 (guideline) Ozone 8-hour daily 160 (Interim target-1) maximum 100 (guideline)

194. Noise during construction stage is mainly generated from construction plants and trucks transporting construction materials to the sites and excavated materials for disposal. The sources of the noise will be far from residential areas.

35 World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines Global Update, 2005.PM 24-hour value is the 99th percentile;; 2 Interim targets are provided in recognition of the need for a staged approach to achieving the recommended guidelines.

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Table 17: Expected rate of noise generated from traffic vehicles and plants used for construction (dBA) is as follows36

Types of vehicles Noise rate at locations Expected rate of noise Expected rate of and plants which are 1m apart from the at locations which are noise at locations source (dBA) 10m apart from the which are 20m apart source (dBA) from the source approximate Average (dBA)

Bull dozer 93,0 73,0 67,0 Grader 72,0 74,0 54,0 47,9 Excavator 72,0 – 84,0 78,0 58,0 52,0 Truck 82,0 – 94,0 88,0 68,0 62,0 Concrete mixer 75,0 – 88,0 81,5 61,5 55,4

General EHS guidelines by World Bank indicate the allowable limit in residential, institutional and educational areas at 55 dBA at day time (7.00 – 22.00 hr) 45 dBA at night (22.00 - 7.00 hr); in commercial and industrial areas 70 dBA for day and night37

195. In the subproject area, there are no settlements within or close to the irrigation system. All work sites of the pump station, intake canal and machine canal are more than one kilometre from the nearest settlement. As such, Noise, vibration and dust from construction activities are unlikely to cause any public nuisance due to remoteness of all the sites. However the workers can be affected by such impacts unless protective devices are provided to them.

196. Transportation of Material / Equipments. The type of material to be brought to the site from outside are cement, brick, configured steel, reinforcement steel, ready mix concrete, etc., which are readily available in the Namangan local market, which is an industrial city. The equipment/machines to be used in the project would involve about 2 bull dozers, 4 excavators, 8 trucks, a concrete mixing plant, pumps and related equipments. These will be brought from Tashkent to Kokand city through the national highway and then from Kokand to the project site. Some of the machinery is available with WUAS and contractor may negotiate to hire them for construction work. Except the trucks, others machines and plants, have to be brought to the site once through Kokand and then taken away on completion of work.

36 The values were estimated for the machines by Anycon Private Consulting Ltd for the Do Son Water Supply Project of Vietnam, Feasibility Study 2008 37 IFC WB 2009. Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines

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197. There is a highway (main road) running from Kokand to Namangan and the access to the Dangara subproject is encountered at a distance of 30 km from Kokand on this highway (see Figure below). Therefore transporting material and equipment both from Kokand and Namangan to the project through highway even with heavy loads in trailers is not going to create any additional impacts as such mode of transport is already in practice on this highway. This is because the Namangan is a major industrial area and the road is used for haulage of building material to other parts of the country.

Figure 7b: Accessibility to the project area from major Cities

198. The entire road infrastructure within the subproject, including the access of 5 km length from the Kokand- Namangan highway to the pump house, is fully dedicated for the Dangara irrigation project requirements. Within the subproject, the machine canal has its maintenance/supervision road. As the road network within the subproject is already available, there is no need for any access roads. Moreover, all the sites have existing facilities with ready access and the project is only a rehabilitation of existing facilities. Though the roads are not paved, the existing roads are capable of supporting the transport of material within the subproject. Borrow sites as well as disposal areas will be within the subproject area located in the remote (desert) area and transportation will be only within the subproject area. As such transport from borrow sites and to the disposal areas will not be a problem in the project area

199. However, .if contractor‘s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass residences that are located beside unpaved roads dust may become a nuisance to roadside dwellers and haulage of material may cause traffic problems in the roads if transportation during peak hours and in congested areas is not avoided

200. Quantity of domestic waste generated by construction workers can be estimated based on maximum number of workers during construction stage (about 100 workers).

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IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Estimated quantity of solid waste generated is about 50kg/day on the basis of 0.5kg/capita/day and with the assumption that workers are allowed to have meals on site. The workers will be concentrated at the pump house attending to the intake canal and pump house rehabilitation. Also some workers will attend to canal work depending on the place under repair at a given time. This quantity of solid waste is not much and could be collected and treated by the Contractor. Poorly managed sewage, wastewater, and solid (particularly organic) and hazardous wastes may generate odour that will be unpleasant and may pollute water bodies, if not properly disposed

201. Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants may pollute water resources and soil unless good practices are followed. During construction stage, oil may leak from maintenance of machines and vehicles. According to Technical specifications, quantity of oil disposed from construction machines is about 10 litters in each time of maintenance and this new oil will be replaced after 3-6 months. If there are 5 machines for construction, the quantity of disposed oil may be from 10-15 litter/month. Disposed machine oil is considered as a toxic waste (code: A3020, Basel: Y8). If there is not a proper management regarding collection of used oil and its disposal, leaking oil may cause serious pollution to soil and groundwater in the construction sites. Work sites likely to impact mostly, if good practices are not followed are the pump station and the intake canal. The Storage of fuel and lubricants will be in an area designated by the CE close to the pump station as bare lands are available.

202. Most of materials needed for pump house facilities will be cement, sand, gravel, crushed rocks, brick, configured steel and reinforcement steel, ready mix concrete, etc., which are available in the local market and can be purchased from local suppliers. There will be no direct impacts due to resources extraction, particularly quarrying, if purchase from the licenced dealers because they operate with permits from relevant authorities. Moreover, large quantities of dumped earth material is available along the machine canal banks for construction purposes

203. If outside labour is brought to the site, there will be a need for labour camps and they may impact the environment if there is no proper disposal of waste and allow conflicts to develop with local communities. Also health hazards are likely if they are not provided with adequate health facilities and awareness on communicable diseases are neglected. However, need for the labour camps depend on the availability of local labour. In the region, unemployment is very high and requirements for labour camps may be much less than for 100 labourers. There is adequate space for labour camps near the pump house and that could be used for this purpose. This site is about 10 km away from the major settlement areas.

204. The rehabilitation impacts will be localised to the pumping station, intake canal, machine canals, and associated structures. The impacts will be short term and are easily mitigated by addressing the EMP requirements.

D.1.5 Issues / Concerns / Impacts during Operation

205. During operation, including the defects liability period, the main issues will arise 36

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

due to inadequate maintenance of the rehabilitated infrastructure; inability to ensure that worker health and safety requirements are maintained; and poor maintaining and monitoring of water quality.

206. Failure to ensure sustainable maintenance of rehabilitated infrastructure including the pump stations, the canals and drainage structures will not only reduce the irrigated area and crop yields but also the productivity of land. Unless the land productivity or the Bonitate value is increased, the expected benefits may not be realized in the long-term.

207. If oil and water separators are not well-maintained water quality will be impacted. If safe working conditions are not maintained, accidents and impacts on workers‘ health may result. If sanitary facilities are not properly maintained for the workers in the pump house; waste management is not appropriate and general cleanliness of the pump house is neglected, then adverse impacts may result on the health of workers as well as on the environment.

208. Impacts on downstream water uses and violation of agreement regarding trans- national river water use in the Syrdarya River may result if the maximum water abstraction at the Abdusamat intake exceeds the design capacity of 20 m3/s. This is highly unlikely as the installed pump capacity could not exceed the design capacity as well as the irrigation canal system could not carry more than the designed discharge. Also, no any expansion of irrigated area under the subproject is possible in future.

D.2 Mitigation of Environmental Impacts

209. In this IEE Report, the Environmental Management and Monitoring ring Plans are provided and they consist of the following;

(i) the identification of impacts for each activity; (ii) the mitigation measures to reduce these impacts to acceptable levels; (iii) Mitigation measures recommended by the PNPC under GOU country requirements; (iv) the monitoring measures to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures; (v) responsibilities for undertaking (a) the mitigation measure and (b) for monitoring the implementation of the mitigation measure, and (vi) the cost of (a) the mitigation measure and (b) the cost of monitoring the measure.

210. Activities and responsibilities are identified for the project phases of pre- construction, construction and operation. A matrix of the EMP is attached as Annex A. All of the measures would be well understood by Project Managers and competent contractors and would be considered as conforming to Best Practices in Construction and Workplace Health and Safety.

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D.2.1 Mitigation Measures during Designs

211. The pre-construction phase provides the only opportunity to re-evaluate the original EMP and plan its implementation. This includes the checking of the design requirements that have been allocated to the Design Engineers and ensuring that the EMP conditions are transferred to the bid and contract documents. The Safeguards Officer of the PMU with the guidance of the Environmental Specialists will arrange to transfer those activities which are the responsibility of the Design Engineer to a Design Brief. During pre-construction the safeguard officer will extract the EMP construction activities and arrange to include these activities into the bid and contract requirements. The Design Engineer will be responsible for including these requirements in the redesign of the pump station and other facilities. It will be the Project Manager‘s responsibility to ensure that the capital cost is carried into the overall subproject budget.

212. In case of trans-national rivers of Central Asia, water is shared according to an interstate agreement that was formulated by the five Central Asian states in 1992. This includes two organizations the Syrdarya Basin Water Organisation and the Ambudharya Basin Water Organisation that determine each basins allocations. The Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia (ICWCCA) is the coordinating body. Therefore, the concurrence of this committee should be secured if the proposed augmentation of water supply from the Syrdarya River exceeds the original allocation. However, the proposed rehabilitation would not exceed the already allocated diversion as originally designed capacity will not be increased and therefore, no new agreements would be required.

213. Incorporation of Health and Safety Requirements. Basic staff facilities need to be provided at the pump station, including; a staff changing area, a place to take meals and relax, washrooms and proper toilets (water-seal toilets with cess pits covered with concrete) and satisfactory fire protection measures.

214. Mitigation to eliminate risk of electrocution at the pump house should include raised walkways to lift the workers above floor, improvement to the drainage pumps and provision of electrical equipment that is designed to operate in damp environments. It would be a requirement that:

(i) The Design Engineer improves the drainage system and design a raised walkway system together with safety railings and provide safety guards to all exposed equipment; Also, satisfactory ventilation and lighting inside the pump-house must be provided with adequate facilities. (ii) An electrical engineer will need to redesign an electrical system that meets internationally acceptable safety standards for high voltage pump stations which would include the provision of electrical grounding and fused circuit breakers. Protection relays will be required, including earth (grounding) protection to shut off the power supply in case of short circuit or earth fault. All of these measures will eliminate danger of electrocution. Procurement specifications will include these requirements and the cost of supplying these measures will be incorporated within the cost of the supplied equipment.

215. Development of a Worker Safety Plan. Considering the risks associated with 38

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

working in the pump houses. a Worker Safety Plan (WSP) needs to be developed and implemented.. The safeguard officer together with the design engineer will be responsible for developing the Worker Safety Plan (WSP). The WSP will need to be compliant with the Uzbekistan Labour Code.

216. Provision of oil and water separators if water in the primary canal is likely to carry more than 0.5 mg/l and procedures developed for their maintenance will be the Design Engineer‘s responsibility. In such a case, it is required to ensure that the oil and water separators are included in the redesign of pump stations.

217. Adherence to Construction Norms and Regulations. The project area is in a seismic zone categorized 7 – 8 on Richter Scale and Design for anti-seismic activities in accordance with construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 ―Civil Works within the seismic areas‖ must be followed. Also design according to CNR 2.01.03-96 and 3.04.02-97 ―Corrosion Protection of buildings‖ to prevent effects on the quality of ground water should be considered.

218. Reduction of sand at pump intakes. Entering of fine particles into pumps lead to wearing with abrasive effects and thereby reduced life time of pumps. Therefore settlement of sediments before pumping by using appropriate devices such as effective sediment basins and/or developing flow conditions for sedimentation velocities along adequate canal stretches to minimize the sand inflow into pumps will have to be incorporated into the designs.

219. Protection of rising mains in salinized areas and water logged areas. In salinized soils and high water table areas, buried rising mains are easily corroded reducing their life time and project sustainability. In such areas laying of rising mains on the ground and/or protection with protective coatings will have to be considered.

220. Provision of canal crossings. There are several canal crossings that have been created across the canal but some need repair. Also additional crossings have to be considered if requested by the WUAs. During pre-construction the locations of all such crossings need to be determined and formalized with the WUAs. The safeguard officer is to arrange meetings with WUAs to determine the locations of crossings and formalize the crossings with the WUAs. The design engineer is to incorporate the requirements for additional canal crossings in the pre-construction work program so that this is included as an item in the bid specifications. The safeguard officer is to monitor the program.

221. Procurement Requirements. It is recommended that at the time of procurement the bid includes the cost of a training program for both the mechanical and electrical equipment. The training program should be repeated at least yearly until it is shown that the maintenance staff is thoroughly familiar with essential maintenance and repair procedures.

222. No switching equipment will be supplied with PCBs. Manufacture of PCBs is now banned under the Stockholm Convention. In accordance with the ban, the ADB will not approve the purchase of any equipment that contains PCBs or any of the other persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The project manager and design engineer will be responsible for the inclusions of these requirements in the procurement specifications. 39

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

223. Incorporation of EMP conditions in the Bid and Contract Documents. Experience shows that sometimes inadequate application of the EMP may occur due to weak linkages with the contract document. The EMP is a part of the work program and as such it must be addressed by the contractor and carried out as required. If the EMP is not satisfactorily addressed then subproject sustainability will suffer or in this case unsafe health and working conditions will result. This is mitigated by ensuring that the EMP is attached to the Bid Documents as a condition of the bid and to the Contract as a requirement of the contract. The design engineer and project manager will ensure that the EMP is attached as a condition of the bid and then again as a requirement of the contract.

224. Selection of contractor. The contractor will be required to provide a short statement of the following to support his bid:

(i) that the CEMP conditions have been costed into the bid price; (ii) prior experience in working with an CEMP; (iii) the person/s responsible in the contractor‘s team for meeting the environmental compliance requirements of the CEMP have been included;

225. During bid evaluation above strengths will be evaluated in the selection of the contractor. Should the contractor not provide these details, the bid is judged to be non- compliant with the bid requirements and the bid rejected. The project manager and safeguard officer are to be members of the bid evaluation panel. The safeguard officer will provide an assessment of the contractor‘s environmental capability.

226. Incorporation of Fish Screens. While the pump intakes are provided with trash racks to exclude floating debris it will not be practical to fit fish screens to the pump intakes as these being located on the suction side of the pump have the potential to create a vacuum which will develop cavitation and wear the pumps. Any screens fitted in such a situation will shorten the pump life. While the use of pumps without screens may drag fish into the pumps it is not possible to effectively mitigate this loss. Since there are few fish in the canal any loss will be minor.

D.2.2 Mitigation Measures during Construction

227. The contractor may only commence work after (i) the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (SEE or Gosecoexpertisa ) has approved the IEA38 and issued the consent to commence work [This approval has already been granted and a copy of certificate with English translation is given in Annex-C] and (ii) the ADB have sited the above consent, and have also approved the IEE.

228. Several contractors and sub-contractors may be involved in the work. The CEMP will apply equally to all subcontractors and it will be the main contractor‘s responsibility to ensure that all subcontractors abide by the EMP. The CE will ensure that all contractors

38 The IEE will need to be translated into Russian and reformatted to meet the SEE requirements for a IEA report of Category 3 projects under GoU regulations This will be arranged by the Environmental Specialists with the PMO. 40

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

are issued with a copy of the EMP conditions.

229. The following Construction related activities/ issues have to be dealt with during the construction phase: (i) Public awareness; (ii) Induction of contractor to site; (iii) Removal of trees along the canal, if required, and clearing of sites; (iv) Loss of livelihood caused by the rehabilitation of the pumping stations and canals; (v) Excavation; (vi) Removal and disposal of debris; (vii) Storage and handling of materials including fuel, lubricants and equipments; (viii) Transport of machinery, equipments and material; (ix) Rehabilitation of access roads; (x) Noise from construction activities; (xi) Dust; (xii) Worker health and safety; (xiii) Solid and liquid waste management; (xiv) Rehabilitation and closing of construction sites;

230. Rehabilitation of the pumping stations may take 24 months while the canals and associated structures may take 12 months. Work will need to be carefully planned so that disruption to the farmers is minimised. Warnings will need to be provided to the farmers that this work will be undertaken that there may be some disruptions to the water supply.

231. The contractor will have initial responsibility for the supervision and monitoring of construction activities and will use the EMP as the reference for establishing these conditions. Accordingly the CEMP addresses the situation as if contractors are being employed for the majority of the work while smaller work such as repairs to the canals will probably be undertaken by manual labour.

232. The overall responsibility for the completion of the work and direction of the contractor to meet the EMP requirements will be the responsibility of the Construction Engineer (of the Project Management Consultants) supported by the Monitoring Engineer (of the PMO). They will be supported by the Safeguards Officer. The contractor will have his own representative on site – the Site Engineer (SE) who will be responsible for implementing the contract and complying with the EMP.

233. Public Awareness. The rehabilitation of the pump station and water distribution facilities has the potential to cause disruption to the irrigation water supply, if major works are extended into the summer months of the growing season, i.e. beyond the scheduled periods during the off-season. While farmers have been advised of the subproject during the initial public consultation a secondary round of public consultation needs to be undertaken prior to construction commencing so that farmers may be advised of the work schedule and how it may affect them. Secondary consultation needs to be arranged as early as possible after mobilization of the contractors so that farmers are aware of the work and may make informed decisions as to how the work may affect their farming operations. Once the construction schedule and plan of operations has been prepared 41

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

and before the contractor moves to site, the subproject will need to arrange the public awareness program with the farmers to advise them of the works schedule. Farmers will require adequate notice before any planting season so that if there is likelihood of reduced crop areas they can act accordingly and adjust the purchase of inputs and supply quotas to reflect these changes. Organizing the awareness program will be the responsibility of the project manager and EMU. The costs of meeting the awareness program will be taken from the PMO budget.

234. Induction of contractor to site. Following the selection of the contractor and approvals from PNPC and ADB, the contractor the contractor‘s Site Engineer and person responsible for supervising the CEMP are to attend a meeting at the site. At this meeting the EMP conditions will be outlined to the contractor so that there would be no confusion as to the requirements of complying with the EMP. After the contractor is clear about complying with the EMP requirements, the safeguard officer will advise the CE that the contractor can now commence work.

235. Removal of trees along the canal/ work sites. Where trees are required to be removed the National Protection Committee (Fergana office) will need to approve the removal of the trees. The contractor will be responsible for advising the CE where trees are to be removed. The safeguard officer will arrange for the NPC to visit the site and approve the removal of the trees. Following any removal of trees, the contractor will arrange for new trees to be replanted. If the work is being done outside normal tree establishment times the contractor will inform the CE. When conditions are suitable the contractor will arrange to return to the area and complete the tree planting program. The contractor is to provide a guarantee to the BISA to maintain the trees for the first two years. The BISA will be entitled to withhold payments to the contractor until the trees are properly established.

236. Disruption to irrigation water supply caused by the rehabilitation of the pumping stations and canals. It is unlikely that all of the rehabilitation could be carried out during the non-pumping season that coincides with the winter months. Work inside the pump stations should be scheduled during this time but outside work and especially work in the canals may be seasonally challenging to complete all work during the winter period. Since farmers are dependent on the water and have quotas to meet, such work within summer will have to be carefully planned to avoid affecting water supplies.

237. If any canal section is likely to be out of action for an unreasonable time alternative by-pass structures will need to be constructed so that water continues to be carried to the downstream of the canal to minimize the loss of supply and the effect that this will have on production. However, during the installation of the new pumps and renovation of the old pump house, the irrigation water supply can be totally stopped if carried out in summer. Therefore. Limiting of such work to off-season and if it is unavoidable during summer, non-attendance to closure of all pumps at once but one by one may be a possibility. The contractor and the CE will be responsible for meeting these requirements.

238. Excavation of sites and opening of borrow pits. Canal repairs will require material to be excavated or brought in to site for the following; raise the height of 42

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

the canal support embankments, improve inspection roads; and sediment removal from the canals. Additionally the supply pipeline will need to be excavated which may yield earthen material. Sources of material will be required for the canal embankment support and road improvements. It is recommended that this be excavated from the large deposits that already exist alongside the canals and along the inspection road. This would improve the area‘s aesthetics, accessibility along the inspection road and surface drainage. Otherwise borrow pits will need to be opened. Approval of borrow pit areas will be made by the CE and safeguard officer and will meet any SEE requirements. Any borrow pits that have been opened must be closed on the completion of work, which includes rehabilitation of the area to landscape the site and ensure that the area drainage pattern is not impeded. The site is not to be left in an erodible condition.

239. Where the rising main is to be excavated all excavated materials are to be stockpiled alongside the excavated trench and replaced after the new/rehabilitated pipelines have been laid. The contractor will be required to rehabilitate and landscape the area, and ensure that the area drains correctly. Some excavation will be required at the pump house intake area which will yield material. This material will be removed, stockpiled and replaced after the suction pipes have been laid. The contractor and the CE will be responsible for meeting these requirements. For any quarrying of fine and coarse material, approvals should be obtained from the PNPC and the Ministry of Geology. The Contractor will ensure that approvals are obtained for opening any borrow -pits.

240. Removal and disposal of debris. Concrete together with steel reinforcing material that is removed from the pumping stations and canals will need to be disposed of in suitable areas. Material that has been removed should not be discarded and left lying around. Concrete can be reused after crushing for formation of the supervision roads, as packing material for erosion control, etc. Any re-use of concrete blocks will need to be considered from the point of view of cost of transport to the area and the quality of the concrete. Otherwise any concrete and reinforcing waste that is low quality and has no obvious potential for re-use during rehabilitation will need to be disposed following the recommendations of the CE and Safeguard Officer.

241. The environmental clearance from the PNPC insists on the re-use and recycling of waste considering various categories of waste and that must be adhered to. Any old discharge pipe which needs to be disposed of will have a scrap value and after removal the old pipes can be taken away and sold for scrap value. If the old pumps have no salvage value as spare parts these will need to be disposed of to scrap metal dealers. The factories melting iron for manufacture of utensils, especially knives and agricultural equipments, have a demand for scrap metal in Fergana. Similarly, there is a market for old electrical wiring and fittings. However, anything that cannot be recycled will need to be taken to a landfill and buried. BISA will need to advise on what their intentions are with regard to the disposal of large items such as the pipes and pumps. These are not to be left lying around and will need to be removed from the site. If BISA do not want to reclaim these materials then the contractor is to arrange for the removal and disposal of all items that have a scrap value.

242. If BISA is to store any of the dismantles parts of the pumps or pipes, they must be stored under conditions similar to that recommended for storage of other material, i.e. on 43

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

a raised platform with protection from rains and contact with storm runoff, etc., also without impairing the aesthetics of the area.

243. It will be a requirement that during removal of electrical equipment the contractor will be required to determine whether PCBs are included in any of the equipment (e.g. transformers). If this is the case then the PCB affected equipment will need to be disposed of to meet SEE requirements. In fact, the Uzbekistan has developed ―Sanitary Norms and Rules‖, under which all types of waste including hazardous waste is classified. PNPC will advise the required method of disposal for such categories of waste. Contractor must consult the PNPC through SO and CE to obtain their recommendation of disposal for various categories of waste and employ the companies registered for handling such waste in Uzbekistan (such licenced companies are already in operation the Fergana region, where industrial waste is an issue) to dispose them.

244. Landfill sites to dispose of materials will need to be located and prepared. Sites should be located outside the irrigated areas and above the water table. Though the lands belong to the government, approval should be sought. The site will need to be prepared by removing the topsoil which should be put to one side and the pit excavated. After dumping is completed the debris in the pit is compacted, earth re-spread and then top soil replaced, the site landscaped and the area allowed to re-vegetate.

245. Landfill sites can be identified by the contractor but in all cases the safeguard officer and CE will need to approve all landfill sites and ensure that these are compliant with SEE requirements. The Contractor will be responsible for obtaining approvals from the hokimiyat (local government) for opening any landfill sites. Approvals are to be sited by the CE and safeguard officer before the contractor opens any landfill sites.

246. Storage and handling of materials including fuel and lubricants. The canal repairs require concrete which will probably be mixed by hand on site. The pump station will also require concrete for rebuilding the pump supports, repaving the concrete floor and carrying out other repairs to the building. Therefore, construction materials that will be brought to site include sand, gravel and cement for concrete manufacture, reinforcing rods and steel mesh, wood and other construction materials, paint and thinners, fuel and lubricants. Areas will need to be prepared for storing these materials.

247. Fuel and oil will need to be stored in dedicated areas at least 20 m away from a water course. Where more than 5000 litres of fuel is stored on site, the fuel must be stored in sealed tanks that are provided with a concrete base that is bunded to hold 110% of the tank capacity. Vehicles and machinery are not to be refuelled near the canals. The contractor must have trained his personnel in correct fuel handling procedures and techniques for cleaning up accidental spills. All waste oil, oil and fuel filters are to be collected and disposed of to meet best industry practices. At the closure of the site all contaminated soil is to be excavated, removed and replaced with fresh topsoil. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard office.

248. Storage of material and equipments must also be in safe locations at least 20 m away from water sources or any other sensitive areas. In storage of other material/ equipment, adequate precautions must be taken to avoid any leaking of oil or other 44

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

contaminants, contamination of storm runoff, etc. Also in case of material which are likely to impair air quality or subject to wind blowing, such material should be stored under cover. Not only the storage areas should be above the ground elevation but should not impede the local drainage pattern. Accidental spill handling action (contingency) plans must be in place with the contractor. On completion of work, all such sites should be cleaned and top soil should be removed and properly disposed, if it is likely to have been contaminated.

249. Transportation of material and equipments Movement of trucks to carry material from Kokand or Namangan cities will be through a low-traffic density highway to the project area. Transport within the project will be to the borrow areas and disposal sites through the roads dedicated for the Abdusamat project. Only if contractor‘s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass through other local roads with residences located beside unpaved roads dust may become a nuisance to roadside dwellers. However, adequate precautions are recommended for transport of material/equipment to eliminate any potential adverse impacts due to transport such as dust, traffic congestion, air pollution, etc.

250. If contractor‘s vehicles are likely to cause any congestion to local traffic flow and block to public roads (if roads other than those described in this IEE are used), Contractor shall select routes for their trucks based on the truck load; divide the load to prevent damages to local roads and bridges; also shall be responsible for damages to local roads and bridges. All the vehicles shall observe the speed limits, maintain in the good condition and always transport material under cover. Contractor shall avoid peak hours in roads with moderate to high traffic.

251. Noise from construction activities. The project sites are about 10 km away from major settlements/town centres (the cosset is 0.7 km from pump house) and therefore noise generating equipments like jack hammers used to break up concrete will not be a serious inconvenience to people separated by long distance. However, noise will be a particular issue for workers who may be operating this equipment. Workers and operators of noisy equipment will be provided with ear protection while noise suppressors on construction equipment are to be maintained to the manufacturer‘s specifications. These activities will be the contractor‘s responsibility. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

252. Dust. Excavation and construction work may create dusty conditions in (i) the workplace from construction operations and (ii) when contractor‘s machinery or haul vehicles carrying material have to pass residences that are located beside unpaved roads. Since there are no houses located within the irrigated area, the overall impact will be minor but the application of best construction practices (BCP) by the contractor will control any problem. When the contractor‘s work aggravates dusty working conditions the contractor will need to control dust by spraying water on the susceptible areas. The contractor will also be required to maintain a record of dust control spraying. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

253. Worker Health and Safety. The contractor will be required to provide a safe 45

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

working environment, protective equipment, a person trained in first-aid and a fully supplied first-aid kit. The contractor will be required to induct all workers to the construction area with a briefing session on workplace hazards and worker safety. A contingency plan must be developed by the contractor for handling major emergencies. The contractor is to keep a record of accidents and time lost from accidents.

254. The contractor will be required to identify work place hazards. The CE, assisted by the safeguard officer will be responsible for ensuring that the contractor has adequately identified the workplace risks and developed a plan to cope with any emergencies including oil spill, fire, etc. The contractor‘s accident record will form part of the contractor‘s monthly report to the PMO.

255. Solid and liquid waste management. Various quantities of solid and liquid waste will be generated from the construction sites, e.g. metal and timber off-cuts, waste timber formwork, unused gravel and sand deposits and concrete waste, etc. Solid waste can be disposed of at approved dump sites identified. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer. If worker facilities are constructed the contractor will need to provide facilities to collect liquid wastes. These must be disposed in an acceptable place that will be approved by the safeguard officer and CE in agreement with PNPC recommendations. No waste is to be dumped in the canals or rivers. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer. However, it is important that all waste is disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station.

256. Rehabilitation and closing of construction sites. The contractor will be responsible for cleaning up and disposing of all waste materials and rehabilitating (landscaping) all construction sites and work areas so that these can be returned as close as possible to their previous use. This includes the stabilization and landscaping of all of the construction sites. Any borrow pits that were operated by the contractor are to be reshaped and closed. Any contaminated soil must be removed from fuel and oil storage areas. All old pipes are to be removed. None of the old equipment that has been removed during the refurbishment is to be left at the site. Payment will be withheld from the contractor until all of the sites are satisfactorily cleaned, all old materials removed and the sites satisfactorily rehabilitated. Supervision and monitoring of these issues will be overseen by the CE and assisted by the safeguard officer.

D.2.3 Mitigation Measures during Operation

257. During operation, including the defects liability period, the main issues will be: (i) maintenance of the rehabilitated infrastructure, (ii) ensuring worker health and safety requirements and (iii) maintaining and monitoring of water quality and land productivity.

258. The implementation of the O&M procedures of the pumps will be the responsibility of the Sokh-Syrdarya BISA Chief Engineer responsible for pump stations. Maintaining canals is a responsibility of the Canal Administration Division of BISA. Land productivity is to be improved by the farmers but with supervision of the Irrigation Area 46

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

Administration Division of BISA. Monitoring of all these mitigation measures will be the responsibility of MAWR

259. Both the mechanical and electrical equipment in the pump stations have in the past been poorly maintained probably due to a combination of lack of training in maintenance procedures and lack of adequate budget. Included in the pre-construction EMP activities, as a procurement requirement, the pumps and electrical equipment are to be supplied with their own maintenance training programs. A record of training programs is to be kept by the Pump Station Manager which shows the type of training carried out, the number of people trained, their position and the length of training. The Pump Station Manager is to send a summary of the training records to the Chief Operations Manager of BISA every year.

260. The pump operators will also be required to maintain the oil and water separators to ensure that all waste oil that may have entered the pump house drainage system is removed before it is pumped back to the Primary Canal. If the oil cannot be recycled then it is to be disposed of in an approved earth fill. The Pump Station Manager is to ensure that the oil separator is adequately maintained and that staff are familiar with its cleaning and operation. BISA will verify that the oil separators are being properly maintained and that staff are familiar with these requirements.

261. Maintenance of the canals and drainage structures will be required to meet both water supply and environmental considerations. Canals will require periodic de-silting to ensure that the channel capacity is maintained. The current practice is to remove the material and dump it directly beside the canal or drainage channel, whereby as it erodes it is able to fall back into the canal or drain. Care needs to be taken in the placement of the material so that it is not carried back into the structure. A small level berm 1-2 m wide should be provided at the top of the canal/drain and excavated material can be dumped behind this. Care needs to be taken to ensure that excavated material does not impede surface drainage or the accessibility through the inspection road.

262. BISA responsibilities include: (i) arrange with the suppliers of the mechanical and electrical equipment the implementation of the training programs that are included in the procurement package. (ii) evaluate the impact that the maintenance training programs are having on maintaining the reliability of the mechanical and electrical equipment. (iii) arrange a regular canal and drainage channel maintenance program. (iv) provide sufficient budget to meet regular maintenance requirements for the pump stations and canal works.

263. Worker Safety. Based on the field trip observations, worker safety conditions have been neglected. The present work area includes a dangerous mix of unsafe electrical equipment and unhealthy working conditions. These practices/ conditions need to be improved so as to meet basic Uzbekistan labour standards. A Worker Safety Plan has been included as an EMP activity in the pre-construction phase. This will eed to be implemented and monitored during operation. A record of accidents is to be maintained by the Pump Station Manager. The BISA pump house management will be responsible for implementing the program. Every month the Pump Station Manager is to send a copy of the Accident Record Report to the Chief Operations manager of the BISA.

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264. During the operation period, sanitary conditions of the pump house and cleanliness must be properly maintained. The cesspits must be periodically empties as required. A dedicated warehouse must be maintained for storage of waste such as mercury pollutants (luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) at the special enterprises. Waste must be disposed according to the recommendations of the District Sanitary Epidemic Station either to the regional dump yards, for recycling or reuse.

265. The average weighted soil fertility index value under the present conditions is 48 showing that the fertility has been lowered by 30-35%. A package of agricultural and land reclamation (amelioration) measures are needed to increase fertility index. As a result the average weighted Bonitate value will increase to 55. Once irrigation water supply becomes reliable, introduction of advanced agricultural practices such as mineral fertilizers applied in a timely fashion, use of improved seed varieties, etc., should be promoted by the MAWR.

266. In order to avoid conflicts with downstream water users and violation of norms agreed for trans-national waters, it is important to maintain the water abstraction at designed capacities. The installed total pump capacity of 20 m3/s should not be exceeded. Maintenance of the irrigation efficiency at satisfactory levels and no further expansion of the command area must be ensured during the operation period to avoid any extra demand.

E. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

E.1 Laws and Institutional Roles of GOU

267. The Law on Nature Protection was enabled in 1992 which outlines the legal and institutional requirements for the conservation of the environment and the rational use of natural resources. The law empowers the State Committee for Nature Protection, viz. Goskompriroda, as the agency responsible for implementing the law.

268. The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Nature Protection, Goskompriroda, was formed in 1988. Goskompriroda is a super-departmental coordinating body and is headed by a Chairman appointed by the Oliy Majlis (i.e. the Parliament). Goskompriroda has a wide scope of activities including assessing and monitoring the environmental resources of the nation, establishing environmental quality standards and monitoring pollution levels of agricultural and industrial production systems, establishment of protected areas and the protection of ecological resources. 48

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The basic divisions are available to attend to such functions in the Natural Protection Committee. Environmental assessment is the responsibility of the Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e., Glavgosecoexpertisa) a directorate of Goskompriroda.

269. Guidelines for preparation of the environmental assessment reports and approval (or rejection) of projects on environmental grounds (revealed in the environmental assessment reports) is regulated by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers No 491.31.12.2001 on the approval according to the regulations of the State Environmental Expertise. The Regulations stipulates 4 categories of projects as follows: Category 1 - high risk projects; Category 2 – moderate risk projects; Category 3 – low risk projects; and Category 4 – Local impact projects

270. Category -1 and category -2 projects are approved by the Main Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Glavgosecoexpertisa) at the national level, whereas category -3 and category -4 projects are approved by the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa).

271. Categorization is based on the scale of the proposed activities of the project and the significance of the potential environmental impacts. The scale of the proposed activities considered for different activities are clearly specified39. The subprojects fall under the category - 3 because water projects covering long-distance channel with capacity less than 100 m3/s and manifold with capacity less than 20 m3/s are categorized under category- 3.

272. Category -3 projects needs submission of Initial Environmental Assessment (IEA) report to the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa) for approval. On submission of this report (in ). They may request for further information regarding the Environmental Consequences Assessment as well as Specific Norms for Maximum Allowable Pollution Levels [computed based on the country‘s Sanitary Regulations and Norms]. After satisfactory compliance to these requirements, the Gosecoexpertisa will issue the approval of subproject with their conditions if required.

273. The Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (MAWR) is the national institution responsible for irrigation and drainage with offices at central, provincial (12) and district level. Since 2003 water management is now based on natural irrigation boundaries with the formation of basin authorities called Basin Irrigation System Administration (BISA). BISAs are contained within the MAWR structure as semi-autonomous organisations. There are 10 BISA organisations and each BISA is further subdivided into (i) canal Administration which looks after the canal systems and (ii) irrigation system administration (ISA) that look after the irrigation areas. The subproject is situated in the Sokh-Syrdarya BISA, which consists of 1 main canal authority and 8 irrigation system organisations.

274. In 1992, the government issued a decree that formed water user associations

39 Addition No 152 of 5th June 2009 to the List of activity from specified in the Enclosure №2 to Resolution of Cabinet of Ministry December 31, 2001 № 491 49

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(WUA). The decree states that I&D infrastructure of the former shirkat becomes the property of the WUA with the inter-farm I&D infrastructure being transferred to the MAWR. The establishment of WUAs to take responsibility for on-farm water management is a critical component of the institutional reforms and reorganisation within the water sector; however, not all WUAs have been fully established due to incomplete legal and regulatory framework.

275. At present, the Republic of Uzbekistan is signatory to the following international conventions and the project activities should not violate any of the condition agreed in the conventions:

(1) Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution (Geneva, 1979); (2) Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (Vienna, 1985); (3) Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal, 1987); (4) Convention on the Control of Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (Basel, 1989); (5) Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in Trans-boundary Context (Espoo, 1991); (6) Convention on the Protection and Use of Trans-boundary Water Courses and International Lakes (Helsinki, 1992); (7) Convention on the Trans-boundary Effects of Industrial Accidents (Helsinki, 1992). (8) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (New York, 1992); (9) Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992); (10) United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those countries experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa (June 17, 1994) (11) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITEC, Washington, 1997), (12) Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (1995), signed in the Hague in the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn, 1998) (13) Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 2001);

E.2 Responsibilities of Implementing EMP

276. The following organizations will have roles in implementing the IEE and EMP. The Provincial Nature Protection Committee of Fergana (PNPC) will request the CEE to (i) form a committee to review the IEE (the subproject is already cleared by PSEE); and (ii) before construction commences, the PNPC will be requested to approve any tree clearance, if such removal is required along the canals.

277. The MAWR has already formed the Project Management Office (PMO) headed by a Project Manager. The PMO has started to establish an Environmental Management Unit (EMU) which include a Safeguards Officer supported by a National Environmental 50

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Specialist (NES) and an internationally recruited Environmental Specialist (IES). The EMU has started work with the recently awarded two core subprojects and the staff was briefly trained by the IES. As the EMU is not-experienced, further training and guidance would be required to effectively implement the EMP. With completion of IEE reports, the IES would terminate his service and alternate arrangements would be needed for further training and guidance of the EMU Staff including the CEs if EMP is to be implemented effectively.

278. During pre-construction (detailed design by contractor), the Design Engineer will work in conjunction with the EMU staff to implement the pre-construction issues of the EMP. During construction the safeguard officer will assist the Construction Engineer (CE) in the implementation of the EMP. As there will be several subprojects being undertaken simultaneously in different locations the safeguard officer will be assisted by the NES.

279. The MAWR and BISA - Sokh-Syrdarya will be responsible for advertising the contract. Prior to the contract being advertised the EMP is to be attached to the Bid Documents and noted as a requirement in the Conditions of the Contract that states that the EMP is to be addressed by the organization submitting the bid. BISA will be responsible for attaching the EMP to the Bid Document and including the following instruction to bidders in the Conditions of Contract. ―The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is attached as a Condition of Contract. The organization submitting the bid must address the following and include this in the bid: (i) include the costs of the environmental management works in the bid and sign a declaration that the bid includes the costs of meeting the EMP requirements (ii) outline previous experience in working with a EMP and (iii) identify the person within the contractor’s team who will be responsible for implementing the EMP conditions”.

280. At the time of Bid Evaluation, the MAWR and the BISA will form a bid evaluation panel. The safeguard officer is to be included in the panel to evaluate the bids with regard to the competence of the contractor‘s environmental capabilities.

Responsibilities of the PMO

281. In addition to the Consultants Construction Engineer responsible for EMP implementation, the PMO will appoint a Monitoring Engineer to supervise the contractor‘s work in the subproject. As part of the CE‘s duties the CE will be required to supervise the implementation of the construction EMP. The CE will be responsible for ensuring that every contractor is given a copy of the EMP and for ensuring that no contractor commences work until the EMP has been explained with the contractor by the EMU. Only after the contractor has completed this site induction meeting with the EMU. The safeguard officer will advise the Construction Engineer (CE is the contract supervision Engineer of Project Management Consultants) when the safeguard officer is confident that the contractor can comply with the EMP and he can now commence work. The CE will monitor the contractor‘s compliance with the EMP and the CE will be assisted in this role by the safeguard officer. The safeguard officer will review the application of the CEMP by the contractor and will advise the CE of any deficiencies to be remedied by the contractor. However, there is a need to train and guide the newly recruited staff for the recently commenced core-subprojects, if all the expected functions of the EMU are to be achieved and continue for the non-core subprojects. The Project Management 51

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Consultants will attach the following condition to the CE‘s Terms of Reference. ―The Construction Engineer (CE) will be responsible for supervising the implementation of the CEMP. The CE will be assisted by the safeguard officer. The CE will be responsible for conveying any instructions from the safeguard officer to the contractor”.

282. The EMU will have the following responsibilities which are required to meet the conditions stipulated in the Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARP) Report. (i) Ensure that the EMP‘s required mitigation measures to be incorporated during pre-construction are addressed by the Design Engineer within the PMO; (ii) Using the EMP arrange for the construction stage mitigation measures to be extracted from the EMP and attached to the bid document for subproject; (iii) For subproject ensure that the EMP mitigation measures are included in the bidding document for costing by the contractor and that all necessary regulatory clearances (particularly the PSEE environmental consent approvals) will be obtained before commencing any civil work on the subproject; (iv) For subproject evaluate the environmental costing and experience of contractors that are provided by the contractors and recommend to the bid evaluation committee the suitability of contractors to comply with the EMP; (v) Using an on-site induction process ensure that contractors understand the EMP and appreciate their compliance responsibilities to mitigate environmental problems associated with their construction activities; (vi) Following the acceptance and acknowledgment of the EMP by the contractor advise the site engineer that the contractor is now cleared to commence work; (vii) Together with the site engineer ensure that during construction the EMP is properly implemented; (viii) Prior to any payment being made to the contractor the EMU will be required to sign off on the completion of the work to meet the EMP conditions; and (ix) Prepare annual Environmental Monitoring Report and ensure that the project quarterly report include the progress on implementing EMP or other progress related with environmental conditions as describe in the loan document (Project and loan agreement); (x) Ensure at least once a year joint monitoring of the project activities will be carried out with the relevant PNPC‘s chief of district inspection responsible for 40 project monitoring

283. Should any change in scope of the project occur, the safeguard officer will be required to evaluate the changes and the effects on the existing environmental assessment including consent approvals so as to comply with ADB‘s safeguards and PSEE requirements. Should any significant adverse effect occur during implementation (e.g. significant oil spill) the EMU will have a duty to inform the PSEE of the event.

40 This was not in the EARF Report but it was recommended by the Safeguard Officer of the ADB Resident Mission in Uzbekistan. 52

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Responsibilities of the Contractor

284. The Contractor shall submit and present Method statement or contractor‘s EMP (CEMP) to the Construction n Engineer, Project Management Consultants This CEMP or the method statements shall be agreed by representatives of the Contractor, MAWR and the PMU in meetings. If requested by the PMU, a meeting shall be held to explain and discuss on method statements with participation of WUA or their representative.

285. The Contractor is responsible for fully and effectively implementing mitigation methods and terms related to Environment specified in Contract documents and following the CEMP submitted to PMU and approved by them.

286. At the time of bidding the contractor will meet the Conditions of Contract regarding the EMP. During construction the contractor will be responsible for: (i) Attending a site induction meeting before commencing work where the CEMP conditions will be confirmed with the contractor. The EMU will arrange the meeting and only after the safeguard officer is satisfied that the contractor understands and can comply with the EMP conditions, the safeguard officer will approve the contractor commencing work. (ii) The contractor will supervise both his own workers and those of the sub- contractor in implementing the construction related requirements of the CEMP. (iii) The contractor will be responsible for determining whether any PCBs are contained in the electrical equipment to be disposed. If PCBs are present these will be disposed of according to SEE requirements. (iv) The contractor will need to arrange for any permits and approvals to open borrow pits, land fill sites, quarrying of material and any disposal sites. (v) The contractor will appoint a Site Engineer who will be responsible for the daily supervision of the construction activities and monitoring of the works for compliance with both the technical specifications and the EMP requirements. (vi) The contractor is to advise the CE of any serious environmental breaches, this includes major oil spills.

Responsibilities of the ADB

287. The ADB will have the following responsibilities:

(i) Ensure that the subproject ToR meets EARP requirements (ii) Site the CEE environmental consent approval of the IEE. (iii) Arrange for the IEE to be posted on the ADB website to meet the public disclosure requirements (iv) Following the completion of the requiremenst and the review of the IEE advise the PMO of the WRMSP that the IEE is approved so that the contractor can commence work.

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E.3 Reporting Requirements

288. Each month the Contractor will prepare a brief report on compliance with the EMP which will be sent to the CE and safeguard officer. The safeguard officer will check the report and attach any additional information such as monitoring and forward the report to the project manager. The project manager will arrange for the monthly report to be (i) copied to the BISA and PNPC and (ii) include the report in a quarterly report to the ADB. The contractor will also provide monthly reports on accidents. These reports will be sent to the CE who will forward these to the safeguard officer.

289. During the implementation of the WRMSP, the safeguard officer will submit quarterly reports on the implementation of subproject EMPs to PMU, CEE, the MAWR and ADB detailing; (a) compliance with ADB loan covenants and applicable government laws, regulations and requirements; (b) significant events or issues that have been encountered or changes in project scope, and corresponding safeguard measures undertaken, if applicable; (c) summary of monitoring report findings; (d) follow up actions required (if any); and (e) conclusions.

290. Safeguard officer should also submit annual reports on EMP monitoring to the ADB through the PMO and the findings of the joint inspections with District Inspection team of the PNPC must be incorporated into this report.

291. During the operation phase, the Pump Station Manager is to provide the following reports. (i) A monthly report that includes a copy of the Accident Record Report. (ii) A yearly report that summarises the maintenance training programs carried out. Both reports are to be sent to the BISA Chief Operations Manager.

E.4 Redress Grievance Mechanism

292. Under the Mentoring Engineer of PMO, the Grievances Point Person shall manage the grievances raised during construction. He/she shall be responsible for ensuring the observance of the grievance redress mechanism and for preparing the monthly and annual grievance redress reports.

293. Informally, a complainant can approach or call the PIU, the Contractor or the Operator to raise his/her complaints/concerns. If complaint is not acted on promptly, or if complainant is not satisfied with the resolution undertaken, he/she can call or approach the PMO Office.

294. The Grievance Point Person (GPP) and the Operating Agency (BISA) will be responsible for documenting and registering complaints received during construction and operation phases, respectively. Other potential complaint recipients shall make sure that the received complaints are documented by, and registered with, the GPP/BISA as soon as possible. The GPP must maintain a good rapport with the PM and SO with respect to the registration of the complaints. The GPP/BISA shall make sure that documented/registered complaints are acknowledged, duly referenced and complainants 54

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informed of the expected action timelines as set forth in the established mechanism. The GPP/BISA shall inform the Affected Party/person (AP) immediately if the grievance is within, or outside, the purview of the mechanism. If it is outside the scope, affected person/party shall be directed to the proper institution and/or proper mechanism for the complaint.

295. Simultaneously with registration of any complaint, the GPP or SO must inform about the complaint to the Safeguard Officer of the ADB Resident Mission in Uzbekistan through the PM. Subsequently, the action taken to resolve the issue and the progress also must be reported. Assurance of this process will be a responsibility of the PM

296. If it is covered by the mechanism, the complaint will be immediately reviewed, investigated and discussed together with Contractor‘s/ BISA‘s duly designated grievance officer/ Public Relations Officer, if conditions allow, that is, both AP and Contractor‘s/BISA‘s grievance officer are available for discussion. If not, the review, investigation and discussion should take place immediately the next day. The discussion will cover the measures to implement based on the review and investigation.

297. If impact/issue is minor, the Contractor/ BISA shall immediately act on the complaint. Minor impacts/issues are generally those that would not require thorough review and investigation and are easy to resolve. If impact/issue will need thorough review and investigation, more work to be done, and/or supplies/parts to be procured, to resolve, the Contractor/BISA shall immediately provide the most suitable interim measure to reduce impact; and to start working on the final measure not later than 5 days from the day discussion meeting is held.

298. The GPP/BISA shall keep track of, and document, the progress of each step for record purposes, future reference and for monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of the mechanism. If, according to the AP, the impact has been resolved satisfactorily, GPP/BISA shall obtain a written confirmation of satisfaction from the complainant, which will form part of the grievance documentation.

299. For at least a week after closure of grievance (that is, when action implemented has been satisfactorily confirmed in writing by the complainant), the GPP/BISA shall monitor the effectiveness of the resolution. Monitoring shall be properly documented. The GPP/BISA shall make sure that the status of grievance management is reported monthly to the PMUBISA‘s Public Relations Office. The report shall provide comprehensive information on number of grievance received, timeframe of actions made, number of action backlogs, efficiency rate, and remarks particularly on the constraints and lessons learned. Reports shall serve as basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the mechanism and shall help in determining improvements to strengthen the mechanism and improve the environmental management of the Project component. It is also advisable to use the monitoring reports to report back to the concerned Makhalla (communes) & settlements on the implementation of the grievance redress mechanism. It will be an effective tool to gain the appreciation and respect of the communes and settlements on the sincerity of the goal of the Project component and the services of the BISA.

300. In the event the issue persists, AP can lodge an appeal to his/her Hokimiyat 55

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(Local Authority). The Hokimiyat shall immediately: i) record the appeal; ii) contact the GPP, Contractor or BISA, provide them with copy of the appeal; and iii) call for a meeting to review the history of the grievance and discuss the appeal and quick resolution of the issue. If the proposed action/measure has not started within 5 days from the time of formal lodging of the appeal, AP can seek assistance from Hokimiyat to raise the grievance to the most relevant institution, i.e., procuratura (Prosecution Office) at District level. It is highly unlikely that grievance redress process for the Project component will reach the level wherein Complainants need to go through the ―appeal‖ stage.

E.5 Costs of Environmental Measures

301. Environmental Specialist. An internationally recruited Environmental Specialist will be recruited for 5 months over the first 3 years of the Project implementation to assist in the establishment of the EMU, train the EMU staff and commence the implementation of the EMP. The environmental specialist will need to be available for input during pre- construction to assist in the establishment of the EMU and to advise on design and bid evaluation requirements. During implementation the environmental specialist will return as required to monitor the performance of the EMU and compliance with the EMP. The environmental specialist‘s duties include; (i) Over-seeing the preparation of a Design Brief which incorporates the EMP design details to be addressed by the Design Engineers; (ii) Revising the EMP to be attached to the bid and contract documents; (iii) Assisting in evaluation of the contractor‘s environmental experience from the bids; (iv) Provide training as required to the safeguard officer and supporting staff; (v) Ensures that the procedures that are contained within the ―Environmental Assessment and Review Procedures for Sector Loans‖ which outlines compliance procedures for assessing further subprojects, is understood by the national staff and applied to all future subprojects that will be identified within the sector loan; (vi) Undertakes environmental assessment of subprojects, application of the EMPs and training of the EMU staff.

302. The cost for recruiting the environmental specialist including fees, travel and support costs have already been included in the project budget.

303. Environmental Management Unit (EMU). The EMU will be located within the PMO and be headed by a nationally recruited Safeguards Officer who will be appointed for the entire 5 years of implementation. The safeguard officer will manage the EMU and will be assisted by a National Environmental Specialist (NES) who will be appointed for 17 months. The safeguard officer will report to the Project Manager41 in the PMO. The safeguard officer will progressively assume responsibility for all of the environmental specialist‘s duties. The cost of recruiting the national staff is included in the project

41 Site supervision remains as the Construction Engineer‘s responsibility so as to avoid possible confusion of directions arising from other persons. Thus the EMU should only give directions to the contractor via the CE who will be responsible for the contract budget. The CE will be assisted by the safeguard officer and until a satisfactory environmental awareness level is created within the CE the safeguard officer will be required to work alongside the CE 56

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

budget.

304. Other budget amounts. The required mitigation measures include either design requirements for better facilities to meet safety requirements or adherence to good practices during the construction phase. As the contract is a design and built contract, the contractors are advised in the bid documents to estimate the involved cost for such measures in the contractors‘ bid value.

F. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

F.1 Public Consultation

305. Consultation and participation during project preparation were carried out in the form of on-site informal discussions during field visits, key informant interviews, socio- economic surveys and focus group discussions.

306. The field visit conducted by the Environmental Specialists and a PMU officers in October 2010 was a joint preliminary assessment of the environmental/cultural sensitiveness of the Project sites. Few informal interviews with residents were made to find out the level of awareness of the residents of the Project component. Those interviewed confirmed their awareness of the proposed Project component and potential impacts as well as desire to have the project.

307. Key staffs of BISA were consulted on their experiences with other existing water supply projects. Also they we consulted about the land acquisition for the facilities, mitigation of impacts during construction as well as O&M after completion including monitoring of land productivity and water quality. They were made aware of the questions raised by people in the consultation meetings and need to address such issues.

308. Initial works on conducting the formal Public Consultation was started on 4th April 2011 in close collaboration with Fergana Province Hokimiyat, Provincial Committee on Nature Protection (SCNP) and TA Consultants. A brief introduction to the project activities and the intention of the Public Consultation was forwarded to the Fergana Province Hokimiyat. Various community groups were informed about the Public Consultation by displaying printed notices in public places of Navbahor settlement. Moreover, official invitation letters were forwarded to the District Hokimiyats about this activity and to the Provincial Departments of PNPC, Makhalla Committees of Furkat district, Navbahor settlement and Women Committees.

309. The first formal Public Consultation was conducted on April 14, 2011 at 12:00 in the building of Furkat district Hokimiyat. Representatives of all above invited groups as

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well as representatives of the District Pump Station Management participated in the Public Consultation. The key stakeholders participated in the consultation meeting included: representatives of the WRMSP Mamadvaliev T.G. – Project Manager; Timirova M. – National Environmental Specialist; Kuziev J. – Head of PIU; and representative of the Furkat District Hokimiyat, Deputy Head of Furkat District – Juraev I. The details of the public consultation is given in Annex-B.

310. Further consultations will be required during the construction phase to alert farmers to the construction schedule and when changes in water flow may occur. This has been identified within the EMP.

F.2 Information Disclosure

311. To date, the following have been disclosed: i) Subproject description and components; ii) locations; and iii) expected period of implementation, in the planned joint social, resettlement and environmental public consultation evens held in April 2011. The findings of the IEE, including the EMP, will be disclosed to the relevant people after completion of the IEE in May 2011. In this public consultation, (i) All stakeholders will be invited and encouraged to participate in the consultation workshops; (ii) Suggestions from the general public will be sought about potential impacts in their view and any proposed alternate mitigation measures; (iii) The responsible officers will be available at the meeting to answer any matter concerning the project design and operation as well as contract management and environmental monitoring.

312. The SIEE report will be required to be circulated worldwide, through the depository library system and on the ADB web site.

G. FINDINGS ANG RECOMMENDATIONS

313. The activities outlined in the IEE are for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the Abdusamat-1 irrigation Scheme, one of the non-core subprojects that have been identified for the WRMSP. The activities involve the deepening and widening of the intake canal, repair and rehabilitation of one major pumping station and the associated canal infrastructure. While the work will increase the amount of water presently pumped, it will not increase the size of the irrigated area beyond its original designed area. Overall the subproject will pose negligible impacts on the environment, and are acceptable with regard to the application of the mitigating measures that are outlined in the EMP. Those communities that are dependent on the supply of irrigation water will benefit from the operation of the subproject either by providing them with a more secure and reliable source of water or providing water for areas totally deprived of irrigation water due to 58

IEE Report of the Abdusamat-1 Subproject

system deterioration and recent reduction of river flow levels. The subproject will also improve the safety and working conditions of the pump house operators.

314. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed and it contains the following recommendations: It will be the PMU responsibility to ensure that the pump house building designs include provision for basic worker facility requirements, structural stability, safety and health requirements, adequate drainage, oil separation, etc., as outlined in the pre-construction section of the EMP. With respect to irrigation infrastructure, designs to deliver adequate irrigation water, facilities for removal of silt before pumping and features important for sustainability of the operations are embodies in the EMP. when the pumps and electrical/mechanical equipment are procured the suppliers are to provide basic maintenance support programs for the pumps and electrical equipment for at least two years. No equipment such as transformers with PCB will be allowed. The EMP will form part of the Bid conditions and will also be attached to the contract as a requirement of the contract. Contractors that do not address the EMP at the time of bid will be disqualified.

315. EMP provides realizable mitigation measures that are compatible with Best Construction and Worker Health and Safety Practices. Compliance monitoring of the mitigation measures will be the responsibility of the Construction Engineer who will be supported in this role by the nationally recruited Safeguard Officer. The safeguard officer will be supported by a nationally recruited National Environmental Specialist and an internationally recruited Environmental Specialist. The cost of implementing the EMP includes both for the staff of EMU and mitigation measures. The remuneration, transport and other expenses of the staff is included in the project budget. The cost of mitigation measures are expected to be included in the contractors bid values.

316. All project activities prior to construction, during construction and during operation will be monitored and a monitoring mechanism for which is provided in this IEE Report. Moreover, the members of the WUAs, BISA, and Hokimiyats have an important role in project construction and operation so that they can intervene when necessary or when complaints arise.

317. It is recommended that the subproject proceeds as planned and that the mitigating and monitoring measures that have been identified within the EMP are implemented during the pre-construction, operation and maintenance phases of the subproject‘s implementation. Based on the IEE findings it is concluded that there are no outstanding environmental issues remaining and as all impacts can be effectively mitigated no further environmental assessment is required for the subproject.

H. CONCLUSIONS

318. Based on the findings of the IEEs for the Abdusamat-1 subproject, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed under the ADB Guidelines. The adverse impacts that will arise from the implementation of all project components will generally be minor or moderate and measures to mitigate them are provided and they

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could be instituted without difficulty through proper engineering design and environment- friendly management of construction activities and operation.

319. The operation of the proposed project, will bring about numerous socio-economic benefits that will far outweigh any adverse impacts, for instance, improved reliable irrigation water supply will promote agricultural production leading to the enhanced income and opening up of employment opportunities and thereby improvement of the local economy as well the national economy through export.

320. Based on the findings of the IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ―B‖ is confirmed. No further special study or detailed EIA needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB‘s Safeguard Policy. According to the GoU environmental legislation, the subproject falls under Category - 3 or low risk projects, which would require an IEA report for approval of the Provincial Directorate for State Ecological Expertise (i.e. Gosecoexpertisa). This required clearance has already been issued for the Abdusamat subproject and attached in Annex-C. The recommendations made therein were included into the EMP to ensure the implementation.

I. REFERENCES

1) Academy of Sciences and State Committee of Nature Protection 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Volume I: Plants the Fungi. Volume II: Animals 2) ADB Nov 2002. Environment Policy of the Asian Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Manila. 3) ADB, Oct 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Asian Development Bank, Manila. 4) ADB, Dec 2004. Country Environmental Analysis for Uzbekistan. Manila. 5) ADB, Oct 2007. Consultation Draft of the Safeguard Policy Statement. ADB, Manila. 6) ADB, 2008. Asian Development Bank and Uzbekistan. Fact Sheet. ADB Regional Office, Tashkent. 7) ADB, 2006. Safeguard Requirements for Borrowers/clients Environment. Operations Manual Bank Policies (BP). Manila. 8) CACILM, 2005. National Programming Framework. Prepared by Republic of Uzbekistan UNCCD National Working Group. Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management (CACILM). 9) FAO, 1997. Aqustat, Uzbekistan. FAO‘s Information System on Water and Agriculture. National Protection Committee, 2005. National Environmental Report. 60

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Tashkent. 10) Habijon K., Noble A.D., Abullavaev I., and Uktam T, 2005. Remediation of Saline Soils Using Glycorrhiza glabra: A study from the Hungry Steppes of Central Asia. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. Vol 3, No 2. 11) IWMI, 2005. Rehabilitating abandoned saline soils using Licorice naked – a cost effective approach for the Hun gry Steppes of Central Asia. June 2005 - No 2. 12) IWMI, 2005. “Bright Spots” in Uzbekistan, Reversing Land and Water Degradation while Improving Livelihoods: Key Developments and Sustaining Ingredients for Transition Economies of the former Soviet Union. Report compiled by Noble A., Hassan M., and Kazbekov J. International Water Management Institute, PO Box 2075, Columbo, Sri Lanka. 13) Mahommadiev S. Kh., and Mirzaev M.P. Current States of Water Resources in Uzbekistan. Tash kent Institute of water Resources. 14) National Protection Committee, 2005. National Environmental Report. Tashkent. 15) State Committee for Nature Protection, 1996. Environmental Information Systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Draft Assessment Report, UNEP/GRID- Arendal. 16) State Committee of Nature Protection of Republic of Uzbekistan. 2009. Book of Ecologist-Expert, State Ecological assessment. 17) UDI, 2008. A subproject for the reconstruction of the Besharyk pump station and state inter-farm machine canals in Fergana Province. Report prepared for TA 7061-UZB: Water Resources Management Sector Project. UDI Tashkent. 18) Uzbek Academy of Sciences, 2006. The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Volume I and II. 19) UNDP, 2006. Poverty and Inequality in Uzbekistan. LSE, Development and Transition. Paper written by Uktam Abdurakhmanov and Sheila Marnie. 20) UNDP Country Programme Action Plan 2010- 2015 21) UNDP Draft Country Programme Document for Uzbekistan 2010-2015 (19th March 2009) 22) United Nations Development Assistance Framework 2010-2015 p. 13 23) UNEP, Environmental I formation Systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan. 24) World Bank, 2000. Irrigation and Drainage Sector Strategy Study. Volume 1. Report prepared for MAWR. 25) World Bank Uzbekistan Country Brief 2009 (per capita based on GNI, Atlas method). 26) Welfare Improvement Strategy of Uzbekistan – (2008-2010) Table 3.8

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ANNEX –A: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE [1] Incorporation Health & safety threats to Abdusamat Pump Station Design Engineers Costs included in Bid documents & i. Once, verify Project Included in of Health and workers in the pump station procurement detail designs design. Manager and project i. Provide adequate staff facilities in the Safety working specifications SO budgets of i. Lack of adequate staff pump house redesigns (water-seal i. Plans and bid ii. Once verify requirements in PMO. facilities resulting in toilets, furbished rest rooms, dining documents show that safety the existing pump unsanitary and poor staff rooms, etc). that staff facilities requirements house facilities. have been have been rehabilitation ii. (a) Provide raised walkways, provide included. carried into Bid designs ii. Possible serious safety guards on exposed machinery, specifications accidents and loss of life improve floor drainage/lower ii. Bid

from (a) working alongside groundwater level. specifications machinery and (b) within reflect safety (b) All electrical installations to meet high risk of electrocution requirements for internationally acceptable safety and explosion. (a) and (b). standards for wet working areas.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [2] Incorporation Risk of accidents after All new structures/ constructions Design Engineer Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify Project Included in of structural completion causing damage (DE) procurement detailed designs design. Manager (PM) project Building design with a second category stability for safety to facilities and workers due specifications and Safeguard budgets of of fire resistance where all elements Plans and bid purposes and to inadequate designs; Officer (SO) PMO. are made of fireproof or not-easy-to- documents show sustainability of Impacts on project burn materials; that required facilities (pump sustainability and benefits specifications house as well as Design for anti-seismic activities in in the long-term have been all irrigation accordance with construction Norms included. facilities) Adverse impacts on and Regulations (CNR) 2.01.03-96 groundwater “Civil Works within the seismic areas” Ensure free access to the facilities and availability of roads to them for O&M; Placement of building and facilities considering fire breaks Design according to CNR 2.01.03-96 and 3.04.02-97 “Corrosion Protection of buildings” to prevent effects on the quality of ground water

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [3] Reduction of i. Reduce cleaning of Inlet canal DE and Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in sand at the pump canals, reduced pump Safeguard Officer procurement detailed designs that the inlet project i. Inlet canal design/silt basins to be intakes wear and pumping costs; (SO) specifications has been budgets of checked for adequacy of silt Verify inclusion of evaluated and PMO ii. Increases sustainability removal. silt removing redesigned as of pumps and reduced measures in ii. Criteria to be developed for cleaning necessary. canal de-silting. design. inlet sand trap/ other alternate devices.

[4] Provision of oil Avoidable loss of water Pump house- drainage inlet DE and SO Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in and water quality downstream of procurement detailed designs that the oil and project Oil and water separators to be separators if pump stations specifications water budgets of provided on internal drainage systems Verify inclusion in surface drainage separators PMO in the pump station if canal water re-design. from pump house have been carries >0.3 mg/l oil below drainage enter irrigation included. outlets. canals . [5] Development Possible serious accidents Pump station SO Included as part Part of O&M Once, verify the PM and SO Included in of Worker Safety to those working in the of SO’s tasks – Manual WSP has been project Develop Worker Safety Plan that is Plan (WSP) pump station. As such no cost written. budgets of compliant with Uzbekistan Labour Completion of implication PMO . Code Worker Safety Plan.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [6] Evaluation of Possible excessive Rising Mans DE and SO Costs included in Detailed Design Once, verify PM and SO Included in ground condition corrosion of steel manifold procurement evaluation has project Evaluate relaying new manifold and Evaluation of new of rising main and rising main laid in specifications (if been carried budgets of rising main sections as above ground rising main in saline water tables and any such work is out and a PMO structures in salinized areas / Use of terms of corrosion soils; and reduced project required) decision made protective coating affecting on life sustainability based on the of structure evaluation.

[7] Provision of Enhanced accessibility to Along Machine Canal DE and SO Costs included in Detailed Designs Once, verify PM and SO Included in canal crossings irrigation areas on other procurement WUAs project Upgrade existing crossings and WUAs consulted side of canal. specifications consultation budgets of provide additional crossings as regarding completed. PMO required to meet farmer needs location. Canal Crossings crossings included in included in design. design. [8] Incorporation Minimized potential risk of Pump house surroundings DE Costs included in Bid documents & Once, verify PM and SO Included in of landscaping, soil erosion, reduced procurement detailed designs design. project Identification of locations which require tree planting, ambient dust levels, specifications budgets of landscaping, tree planting, formation of Plans and bid pavements and impairment of aesthetics PMO pavements and include them in the documents show beatification of design; that required buildings/ sites provisions have Provisions for painting and upgrading been included. of existing buildings wherever necessary

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [9] Procurement: i. Poor maintenance of Pump house new equipments DE and Costs included in Bid document Once, verify PM and SO Included in mechanical and electrical procurement procurement project i. supply of i. Training to be provided as a SO i. Procurement equipment will lead to early specifications bid document budgets of training supporting item at the time of procuring bid document and costly failure of includes i. PMO maintenance the mechanical and electrical includes provision equipment. maintenance programs. equipment. for the programs, and ii. Supply of POPs is maintenance ii. Exclusion of ii. No electrical equipment can ii. Prohibition of banned under Stockholm programs. PCB from goods (transformers) be supplied with PCB PCBs. Convention and ADB included in insulation. ii. Bid documents procurement. procurement must state that supply of equipment with PCBs will not be permitted [10] Incorporation Lack of application of the Bidding Documents PM and SO. No cost Bid & contract Once, verify PM and SO Included in of EMP in bid and EMP will mean that implication documents EMP has been project i. EMP to be included as a Special contract environmental issues not included in (i) budgets of Condition in the Bid Document. EMP included in documents addressed. Lack of the Bid PMO (i) the Bid subproject sustainability. ii. EMP to be attached to contract to Document and Document’ and form part of the contract requirements. (ii) the Contract (ii) the Contract Document. document.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [11] Selection of Selection of inappropriate Bid evaluation PM and SO No cost Bid evaluation a. Once, verify PM and SO Included in Contractor contractors may result in implication that the project Prepare evaluation checklist to Review contractor lack of/inadequate procedure has budgets of compare contractors. Use this to select evaluation scores. compliance with the EMP. been followed. PMO the best contractor.

[12} Design of Inability to meet full Pumps & canals DE and SO Costs included in Detailed designs Once, verify PM and SO Included in rehabilitation of irrigation demand and procurement design. project Design considering full irrigation water Plans and bid canals and operation over long-term if specifications budgets of demand and adhering to construction documents show structures inadequately designed PMO regulations and norms of Uzbekistan that required provisions have been included. CONSTRUCTION PHASE [1] Awareness Loss of farm income due to Irrigated farms SO and PM Cost has been PMO documents Once, verify SO and CE Included in campaign alterations in supply of included in PMO public project Undertake a public awareness Public irrigation water caused by budget. consultation budgets of campaign to create awareness within consultation construction activities. process has PMO & Project the farmers of the construction work records. been Management plan and possible impacts on water completed. Consultants supplies; [2’] Induction of Avoids contractor ignoring On site SO and No cost PMO Documents Once, verify SO Included in contractor to the the EMP and loosing Construction implication (PMO induction project i. EMP explained to contractor on-site Induction carried site. environmental values due Engineer (CE) task) process has budgets of before any work commences. out prior to to poor application of the been PMO commencing work EMP. ii. So approves the commencement of completed. by Contractor. work only after the contractor understands the EMP 67

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [3] Removal of Loss of scarce vegetation. All Construction sites/ canals Contractor, No cost All work sites Any tree SO and CE Included in trees along implication removed has project Any trees that need to be removed can PNPC, SO and Trees removed canals and other been approved budgets of only be removed after the PNPC/ CE only after PNPC construction sites by the PNPC. PMO & Project Hokimiyat has approved their removal. approval Management obtained. Consultants [4] Site Erosion from site clearing, All Construction sites Contractor and Costed by All work sites Spot checks CE and SO Included in preparation grading and excavation CE contractor and and monthly project Minimize land clearing and excavation Verify the resulting in sedimentation of cost carried into inspections budgets of areas, preserving existing ground adherence to water bodies; contract PMO & Project cover wherever possible, and providing recommendations Management approved ground cover where in sites where Consultants necessary; plant trees, bushes/grass to clearance is minimize rainwater runoff; appropriate performed stabilizing techniques to prevent cave- ins or earth-slips in excavated areas. Constructing buildings and facilities following the land protection activities stipulated in Construction Norms and Regulations (CNR) 3.01.01-97 and CNR 3.05.03-97.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [5] Excavation of Loss of aesthetics from Borrow sites/ excavation areas a. Contractor to Costed by Borrow / Verify a. i – iii. CE and SO Included in sites and opening poor handling of excavated obtain approval contractor and excavation areas and b. i, ii and project a). Borrow material of borrow pits materials and opening of for opening cost carried into iii. budgets of a. i Material borrow pits. i. Use material from sides of canals borrow pits. contract PMO & Project removed from that has been dumped after Management a). Borrow material - b. Contractor and sides of canals. excavation/ de-silting. Consultants needed for canal work. CE. ii , iii. Borrow pits ii. If borrow pits essential. to be b). Spoil- Excavated closed approved by PNPC and Ministry of material from rising mains Geology b. i. Materials properly iiii. borrow pits to be closed and stockpiled, landscaped. ii. site landscaped b) Excavated materials and i. Stockpile materials alongside open iii. all old pipes trench for backfilling; use for road and other used formation materials ii. Replace material and landscape the removed. area. iii. Remove all waste and unused pipes.

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [6] Rehabilitation Reduced crop yield due to Installing new pumps & canal repair Contractor and Costed by Installation of i. As required. CE and SO Included in activities during inability to grow or meet contractor and pumps& canal Pump station project i. Undertake pump station rehabilitation CE cropping season crop water requirements cost carried into repair during work carried budgets of during off-peak pumping season. due to lack of water during contract, If any summer out during off- PMO & Project

the crop season ii. Provide water by-pass structures cost involved season. Management i. Pump station along canal wherever feasible, e.g. Consultants work carried out ii. Water by- Provide a detour channel connecting during off-season. pass structures the intake canal to the existing intake provided. chamber behind the rehabilitation site ii. Water by-pass during installation of new pumps structures iii. Farm (proposed site) to continue irrigation provided for productivity supplies uninterrupted; canals if feasible little affected iii. farm productivity little

affected

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [7] Removal and Improper dumping leading Temporary & designated dumping Contractor, SO Costed by Temporary & i. Verify CE and SO Included in disposal of debris to loss of environmental yards and CE. contractor and designated location for project values. cost carried into dumping yards dump site. budgets of i. Debris to be dumped in land fill sites contract PMO & Project approved by CEE/Hokimiyat. Verify disposal ii. Scrap metal Management site meets CEE and pipes ii. Sell metal based scrap and Consultants environmental removed. equipment to metal melting factories in criteria. Fergana. iii. Ensure site Scrap and all old has been iii. Land fill sites to be closed and pipes and other closed. rehabilitated metal taken away. iv. Old rising main pipe to be removed and disposed or used for recycling metal. v. Any electrical equipment found to contain PCBs is to be disposed of to meet PS (Gosecoexpertisa) requirements; Uzbekistan maintains “sanitary norms and rules” and under that all waste is classified and recommend the procedures for disposal of each category- contractor must obtain this recommendation and follow them by hiring the companies registered for handling such waste materials; also re- use, recycle must be followed for some waste on their recommendation 71

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [8’] Storage and Contamination of soil and Material/ equipment storage sites a, b, c and d: Costed by Material & a. Verify Contractor, CE Included in Handling of water resources Contractor contractor and equipment suitability of and SO project a. Prepare material/equipment storage construction cost carried into storages storage budgets of areas with facilities not to impair air materials, fuel contract facilities PMO & Project quality nor contaminate soil or water Adhere to and lubricants Management and placed about 20 m away from proposed b. Verify fuel Consultants water sources at elevated areas mitigation; storage areas without interfering with drainage Fuel and lubricant c. Bund pattern storage and formation at b. Bund fuel tank storages to 110% of handling start then spot tank capacity. Refuel vehicles and procedures checks as equipment 20 m away from water implemented; required courses Contingency plans are in place c. Dispose of used oil and oil filters to meet accepted industry procedures d. Accidental spill handling action (contingency) plan [9] Noise from a. Nuisance to surrounding All work sites a, b and c. Costed by All work sites I Spot checks CE and SO Included in construction communities (if any) Contractor contractor and and monthly project a. Equipment fitted with approved Workers and equipment; e.g. cost carried into inspections: for: budgets of b. Workplace hazard sound suppression equipment and communities jack hammers, air contract a. Noise PMO & Project maintained satisfied with compressors Management conditions b. hearing b. Operators provided with ear Consultants protection protection c. Limit activities to daylight hours

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [10] Dust a. workplace hazard All work sites & haulage routes a and b. Costed by Work sites and Spot checks Contractor, Site Included in Contractor contractor and haulage roads and monthly Engine, CE and project b. community hazard from a. contractor to have access to water cost carried into likely to have dust inspections SO budgets of haul traffic tanker in List of Equipment to be contract problem PMO & Project brought to site. Management Water tanker b. contractor to spray water on work Consultants provided. areas and roads as required Contractor’s Dust Spraying record

[11] Worker Accidents and loss of All work sites a ,b and c. by Costed by All work sites Spot checks Contractor, CE Included in Health and Safety worker productivity Contractor contractor and and monthly and SO project a. Contractor to implement workplace Inspection and cost carried into inspections budgets of safety awareness program. verified by contract PMO & Project Contractor’s b. Workers to be provided with safety Management Labour Accident equipment and instructed in its use. Consultants Report c. Emergency accident -contingency plan

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [12] Solid and Soil and water pollution All work sites & labour camps Contractor Costed by All work sites & Spot checks Contractor, CE Included in liquid waste contractor cost labour camps and monthly and SO project All solid waste collected in containers management carried into inspections budgets of for safe temporary storage and weekly Visual inspection contract PMO & Project dispose to safe dumping areas of work sites and Management approved by the PE and PNPC; labour camps Consultants All liquid waste (except hazardous matter) , wastewater and sewage diverted into temporary septic tanks which are to be located in areas unlikely to contaminate groundwater and close the pits with soil on completion of work; Prohibit dumping of waste in water bodies

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [13} Transport of Possible public nuisance Roads used for haulage Contractor Costed by Roads used for Spot Check Contractor, SE. Included in equipment and due to dust, traffic contractor cost haulage and inspection CE and SO project If local roads are used, Select routes material in congestion, air pollution, carried into once a month, budgets of based on the truck load; divide the load Possible public existing roads etc., and contract if any problem PMO & Project to prevent damages to local roads and nuisance due to prevails; Management Damages to local roads and bridges; observe speed limits and dust, traffic Consultants other utilities due to hauling maintain in the good condition; problem, etc. Following in roads which were not transport material under cover; avoid completion of Any damages to identified during design peak hours in roads with moderate to work before roads restored by stage; high traffic. final payment end of the project Contractor attends to repair all damaged infrastructure/ roads, if needed. with relevant authorities (Hokimiyat);

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [14] Rehabilitation Impairment of All work sites, labour camps storage Contractor Costed by work sites, labour Following Contractor, SE,. Included in and closing environmental resources, areas & temporary dumping yards contractor cost camps storage completion of CE and SO project construction sites aesthetics and community carried into areas & work. Before budgets of a. Remove all waste and contaminated safety contract temporary final payment PMO & Project soil dumping yards Management

b. Restore sites by replacing topsoil Consultants Sites closed and re-vegetating area according to c. Final payment may be withheld until requirements work is completed

OPERATION PHASE INCLUDING DEFECT LIABILITY PERIOD]

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [1] i. Regular i. Early failure of facilities Pump house & irrigation canals i. First two years i. First two years Pump house Six monthly. BISA Procurement maintenance of leading to more costly training by training cost cost & i. Arrange maintenance training i. Rehabilitated i. Infrastructure infrastructure rehabilitation/replacement. contractor as per included in programs. equipment and meets MAWR cost Lack of sustainability of procurement for procurement of ii. Regular infrastructure expected subproject. ii. Evaluate training programs electro- electro- maintenance of oil operating as operating mechanical mechanical and water ii. Loss of water quality in expected. requirements. iii. Arrange irrigation canal and equipments equipments; separators. irrigation canals drainage channel maintenance ii. Oil and water ii. Oil not being programs I - v. Fergana i-v: BISA separators discharged to BISA iv. Arrange budgets for maintenance. cleaned. No canal. visual signs of oil v. Check that oil and water separators drained into the are being properly maintained canal

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [2] Maintenance Deterioration of soil quality Irrigated Lands Fergana BISA; MAWR Irrigated lands Already BISA /MAWR MAWR of land due to salinization and and Farmers operational cost; established Prevent re-use of poor quality drainage Regular productivity water-logging lead to norms for water (more than 3 g/l mineralization) Farmers input monitoring of reduction in crop yield and sampling and for irrigation; increase irrigation cost irrigation water reduced economic returns parameters by efficiency by avoiding over-use of quality; drainage from land and water; the BISA irrigation water; enhance drainage in water quality, areas with high ground water table; groundwater and regular maintenance of all quality , soil

drainage canals quality (all in terms of Crop rotation including green manure mineralization) and introduction of advanced and depth to agricultural practices such as mineral groundwater; fertilizers applied in a timely fashion, yield levels use of improved seed varieties, etc., to enhance fertility and productivity [3] Worker Safety Workplace accidents. Pump house Mainly BISA MAWR cost Pump house Monthly BISA MAWR cost Plan for those Possible loss of life. Pump Station Accident Implement Worker Safety Plan Number of involved in Manager Record Report accidents irrigation system O&M

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Project Activity Potential Environmental Location Implementing Mitigation Cost Location Frequency Monitoring Monitoring Impact Proposed Mitigation Measure Responsibility Parameter to and means of responsibility Cost be monitored Verification [4] Abstraction of Reduced availability of At the Pump Station BISA Pump No- cost Pump House Records BISA MAWR cost river water water for downstream uses; Station Manager implication maintained Adherence the designed pumping Pumping rate exceeding the about pumping Violation of trans-national capacity (without exceeding 20 m3/s) (m3/s) designed capacity rates in the water uses agreements and thereby adherence to the pump house concurrence of The agreement with Syrdarya Basin Water Organisation

[5] Maintenance Deterioration of sanitary Pump House BISA Pump MAWR Pump House Regular BISA MAWR cost of pump house conditions in the pump Station Manager operational cost observation Maintenance of water-seal toilets with Regular cleanliness and house; periodic emptying of cesspits; monitoring of sanitation Environmental pollution; waste Waste disposed according to the management and Impairment of aesthetics recommendations of the District sanitary Sanitary Epidemic Station either to the conditions regional dump yards, for recycling or reuse depending on the category; Maintenance of a dedicated warehouse for waste such as mercury pollutants (luminescent lamps) for recycling (de-mercerization) through registered companies;

CNR = Construction Norms and Regulations; CE= Construction Engineer; (employed by the Project Management Consultants for the supervision of construction work) DE = Design Engineer (both from the PM consultants and detailed design Contractor)

EMP = Environmental Management Plan 79

MAWR = Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources O&M = Operation and Maintenance PCB = Poly Chlorinated biphenyls; PNPC = Provincial level of State Committee for Nature Protection (Oblkompriroda) PM = Project Manager, PMO = Project Management Office; POP = Persistent Organic Pollutants; CEE = Provincial State Ecological Expertise (Gosecoexpertisa); SE = Site Engineer (contractor‘s Engineer), SO = Safeguards Office {attached to the PMO); WUA = Water Users Association;

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ANNEX –B: PUBLIC CONSULTATION

1. The first formal Public Consultation was conducted on 14TH April, 2011 at 12:00 in the building of Furkat district Hokimiyat. Announcement of Public Consultation was advertised in local newspaper of the Furkat District. Before conducting the Public Consultation, meetings were held with representatives of the relevant District Hokimiyat, representatives of the Department of Environmental Protection, Project Manager and other representatives of the WRMSP. During the meeting, the participants were made aware of the Project objectives, goals, and proposed activities.

2. For the public consultation, 63 participants attended and among them were the representatives of Makhalla (Village) Committees of Furkat District, representatives of District Hokimiyats, Nature Protection Committee, Pump Station Management, leaders of the WUA and the farmers of the districts. There were women participants among them.

3. Public Consultations began at 12.00 noon and lasted more than one and half hours. The meeting was opened by the Deputy Hokim Mr. I. Juraev and he briefly introduced the requirements in the President's regulation about Sector Project on "Water Resource Management in Zarafshan and Fergana valleys", which have to be adhered to in the rehabilitation of "Abdusamat-1".

4. The Project Manager Mamadvaliev T.G., presented the key information on the project activities. In brief he mentioned about the Asian Development Bank - when it was formed, where the headquarters, its member countries. He showed that the relationship between the ADB and the Uzbekistan has grown progressively and ADB has funded various sectors of the national economy of the republic. He further showed that such assistance from 1996 to 2010 by ADB to the economy of Uzbekistan was more than 1946 mln dollars. He also showed that that the bidding process of the project "Water resources management in Zarafshan and Fergana valleys" was commenced in in 2008 and in 2009 the President has signed the Decision about realization of the given project. He further stated the purpose of the project.

5. Head of the PIU Mr J.Kuzibaev made a presentation on the present status of the pump station and the proposed rehabilitation and replacement of equipments. He explained that the "Abdusamat-1" pump station was commissioned in 1967 and today it is in need of repair to make the system efficient and supply adequate water. He also presented photos reflecting the condition of "Abdusamat-1" pump station and machine channel.

6. The potential environmental impacts of the project on the natural environment, particularly by pollutants, waste and constructional impacts were discussed by the National Environmental Specialist, Timirova M.N, and she further highlighted in her presentation about the proposed mitigation measures. She also stated that on completion of the Feasibility Study, Initial Environmental Assessment report (ZVOS) has been completed for clearance under National Legislation and submitted to the Fergana Natural Protection Committee. Consequently, in January, 2011, the conclusion (approval) of Environmental assessment has been granted by the PNPC for the subproject to implement work of rehabilitation of "Abdusamat-1" subproject (see Annex- C for the Conclusion Note).

7. During the Public Consultation, the following questions were raised and answered by the consultants:

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No. Participants’ questions / comments Consultant’s feedback In what season will the rehabilitation of The main activities will be carried out during 1 pump installation be carried out? the period when pump station is not operated (representative of Pump Station viz., from November to January. Management)

2 During rehabilitation of the pump station This impacts will be minimized by attending to will there be interruption to water supply? each pump/equipment separately and thereby (representative of Pump Station avoiding total shut down of the station.. Management) 3 Whether the noise insulation was taken Yes, because the noise is a problem for pump into account in choosing the equipment? station employers. These people work during 24 hours and noise for them will be a big problem and it can cause disorders illnesses such as cardiac decompensating, headache, problem with nervous system, etc. 4 What is the duration for the Total project cycle (duration) is 4 years. It is complementation of the project? proposed to start project implementation in 2011 and complete by 2014.

6 Will the project involve both rehabilitation The purpose of this project is to rehabilitate of pump station and irrigation pump station and improve the capacity of infrastructure in Fergana Province: How machine canal. This will enable to ncrease the area of irrigation. The farmers will receive will it impact on farmers and their farms? water in time and they could grow double After completion crops..

8. Participants repeatedly stressed that this project is important for the region because it will provide farmers with water resources and improve the water management in the region.

9. Consultants informed participants that in case if they have any further questions, complaint or suggestions concerning the Project, they could address them to the following project contact persons: Mr. Mamadvaliev T.G- Project Manager; Mr. Kuziev J.- Head PIU; and Muydinova D.B. - Head of Department "Environmental assessment" in Fergana Province Natural Protection Committee. All suggestions, questions, and complaint will be registered in the registration book and delivered to experts for action and feedback.

10. The Public Consultation was ended at 13:40 after discussion of all questions.

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List of participators of the Public Consultations held on April 14 2011

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84

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№ First name, Last name, Father's name Work place 1 Shernakulov Ravshan Mechanical engineer 2 Ashurmarov Kurvonaly Stand-by electrician 3 Shernakulov Rustamjon Stand-by electrician 4 Karimov Akmal Stand-by mechanic 5 Kuziev Sadikjon Stand-by electrician 6 Komikov Izzatjon Stand-by electrician 7 Juraev Botiraly Machinist-electrician 8 Maraimov Kuchkaraly Machinist-electrician 9 Mirzakarimov Ahror Machinist-electrician 10 Marahimov Zafar Machinist-electrician 11 Hoshimov Ikbol Machinist-electrician 12 Juraev Muhiddin Machinist-electrician 13 Mamadaliev Abdubanon Machinist-mechanic 14 Hoshimov Mirzavaly Machinist-mechanic 15 Hoshimov Rustam Machinist-electrician 16 Ogaev Zokirjon Chief of ISM 17 Hudoyberdiev Ibrohim Engineer of right canal branch 18 Salimov Ahmadjon Canal technician 19 Egamberdiev Yuldashaly Inspector 20 Ataboev Sirojiddin Inspector 21 Janaliev Ganisher Engineer of right branch of canal 22 Mamadaliev Nosirjon Inspector 23 Kuchkarov Ziyedjon Canal technician 24 Mahsudov Boratjon Canal technician 25 Aliev Ibrohim Electrician in PSM 26 Jamolov Akorboy Machinist-electrician 27 Kodirov Ibrohimjon Electric engineer 28 Hamdamov Raufjon Chief of WUA 29 Holboev Azizjon Main hydrometer 30 Kurbanov Rustam Electrician in PSM 31 Irgashev Mirahmad Mechanical engineer 32 Pirnazarov Goforjon Mechanic 33 Egamberdiev Akram Interior pump specialist 34 Hudoyberdiev Hayrullo Canal technician 35 Hudoyberdiev Raimberdy Canal technician 36 Hudoyberdiev Bahriddin Inspector 37 Ergashev Ikrom Electric 38 Abdurasulov Jahongir Mechanic 39 Nurmatov Avazbek Electric

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40 Ergashev Akramjon Mechanic 41 Husanov Boymirza Mechanic 42 Hazratkulov Numonjon Electric 43 Parpiev Mahmudjon Chief of APS-I 44 Shodmonov Akijon Interior pump specialist 45 Yuldashev Sarvarbek Ecologic inspector 46 Mamatkulov Zafarjon Inspector of water commission 47 Juraev I. Senior Deputy of Hokim 48 Hamdamov S. Chief of farm "Etti Jilo" 49 Toshtemirov A. Chief of farm "Hayitbay-ota" 50 Abdullaev E. Chief of farm "Usta Akbaraly" 51 Sarimsakov Rustamjon Chief of farm "Sarimsakov Rustam" 52 Kosimov Meliboy-ota Chief of farm "B.Mamajonov" 53 Muhammadjanov U. Chief of farm "M.Tursunov orzusi" 54 Kushmokov A. Chief of farm "Vahidbek" 55 Toshtemirova H. Chief of farm "Okdare zafari" 56 Soliev S. Chief of farm "Mirza yedgar" 57 Madaminov M. Chief of WUA 58 Pirmatov B. Chief of PTD 59 Muyahonov A. Chief of Furkat WUA 60 Abdurahmonov A. Senior Deputy of 61 Hojakbarov B. Chief of "Yangi-dunye" WUA 62 Alikulov M. Chief of "Kukon" WUA 63 Tursunov E. Chief of Makhallya committee

Presentation made for the Public consultation in Fergana province is given below

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Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» ►Реконструкция насосной станции Секторный проект «Управление Реконструкция насосной станции водными ресурсами в Заравшанской и «Абдусамат-1» осуществляется Ферганской долинах» Секторным проектом по управлению водными ресурсами Зарафшанской и Оценка воздействия Ферганской долинах» совместно с: ►Dongshin Engineering & Consultants Co. Ltd Субпроекта в сотрудничестве с «Абдусамат-1» на ►Korea Rural Community Corporation окружающую среду ►Engineering Consultants Pvt Ltd ►Rhythm Plus Consulting Company

Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» Субпроект «Абдусамат-1»

►Субпроект является ирригационным ►Территория зоны субпроекта «Абдусамат- проектом и предусматривает 1» расположена в Фуркатском районе реабилитацию и модернизацию насосной Ферганской области станции «Абдусамат-1», машинных каналов и сооружений в Ферганской области Узбекистана. Субпроект улучшит надежность насосных станций, которые будут отвечать потребностям проектной командной территории в оросительной воде.

Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» Субпроект «Абдусамат-1»

►Проект в соответствии с классификацией ►В соответствии с законодательством АБР имеет Категорию B, т.е. проект, Узбекистана по окружающей среде, который может иметь небольшое субпроект «Абдусамат-1» подпадает под неблагоприятное воздействие на Категорию – 3 (низкий риск) окружающую среду, но в меньшей (Постановление Кабинета Министров степени или значимости, чем проекты Республики Узбекистан от 31.12.2001 г. категории A (ADB Safeguard Policy № 491, Приложение к Постановлению Statement, 2009). Кабинета Министров от 5 июня 2009 г. № 152).

Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» Субпроект «Абдусамат-1»

►Воздействие на окружающую среду в ►В настоящий момент, только 11,192 га зоне субпроекта будет, в основном, орошается, а после завершения положительное. По завершению предлагаемой реконструкции в зоне программы реконструкции: субпроекта, орошаемая площадь ►снизятся случаи поломок оборудования увеличится до 13,500 га, что позволит ►будет осуществляться бесперебойная сельскому населению, занятому в водоподача на орошение сельскохозяйственном секторе, получить ►увеличится сельскохозяйственное выгоды от увеличения урожайности и производство. доходов фермеров.

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Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» Субпроект «Абдусамат-1»

►Другой проблемой, связанной со ►Все помещения насосной станции здоровьем и безопасностью людей, - это подвержены воздействию высокого плохие рабочие условия и небезопасные уровня грунтовых вод. Внутри здания рабочие площади на насосной станции, скопление воды предотвращается особенно в здании пульта управления и откачкой грунтовых вод. Тем не менее, распределительного устройства. более низкие участки здания ПУ и РУ заполнены водой.

Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» Субпроект «Абдусамат-1»

►В здании насосной станции имеются раздевалка и комната отдыха, но они ни разу не ремонтировались. Не имеется никаких санитарных помещений, включая туалеты. Поэтому, важно включить требования по здоровью и безопасности людей, работающих на насосной станции, во время реабилитационных работ.

Виды воздействия на окружающую среду Субпроект «Абдусамат-1» Вид воздействия Объект Меры по предотвращению воздействия ► В ходе работ по реализации проекта Бетонные отходы Загрязнение почвы Бетонные обломки будут экологами-экспертами был составлен документ использованы при ремонте инспекторской дороги ЗВОС (Заявление о Воздействии на Шум Органы слуха Воздействие на рабочих и Окружающую Среду), в соответствии с законом операторов, работающих с «Об экологической экспертизе» и оборудованием – будут обеспечены постановлением КБ Республики Узбекистан № специальным оборудованием, 491, предоставлен в Ферганский комитет по защищающим от шума. охране природы, в отдел Экологической ГСМ Почва, вода Специальные цистерны для сбора отработанных масел и их экспертизы и в январе 2011 года было утилизация получено согласование на осуществление Пыль Атмосф. воздух Проводить гидрообеспыливание данного проекта. Устаревшее Почва Сдача в пункты "Вторчермета" оборудование

Субпроект «Абдусамат-1»

►Сох-Сырдарьинское БУИС ►Главное Управление Проектом  г.Ташкент, ул. Навои, 44, 100021  Tel.: +998 71 242-95-31  E-mail: [email protected]

Спасибо за внимание

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Pictures of the Public Consultation

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ANNEX – C: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE GRANTED BY PROVINCIAL NATURE PROTECTION COMMITTEE

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State Committee for Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan Ferghana Region Committee

712006, 39/41, Y.Sakkokiy street, Ferghana city Fax, Phone: 224-14-03 224-86-41 e-mail: [email protected]

The conclusion City Ferghana № 217/01 " 24 " 01 2011

Subject: The Initial Environmental Examination of the subproject "Abdusamat-1" in the Furkat District wih respect to reconstruction of pump station "Abdusamat-1".

The client: The management group of the project "Water Resources Management in Ferghana and Zarafshan valleys" at the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Republic of Uzbekistan.

The developer: the International Consulting company "Dongshin Engineering and Consultants Co. Ltd." with Korea Rural Community Corporation, Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Rhythm Plus Consulting Company. The chief of the project: T.G.Mamadvaliev

Copy: to the chief of Furkat district inspection on nature protection C.Shamshidinov.

The given impact on Environment falls under category- 3 of economic activity - low risk. The project is located within the area of "Abdusamat-1" pump station. The project plans to rehabilitate reconstruction) a length 1,5 km of machine canal out of its total length of 6,54 km.

The background condition: Furkat district is located on the left bank of the Syrdarya river, design capacity of the pumps is 20 m3/sec. with a rising head of 30 m, design area of irrigation is 14000 ha, out of which actually irrigated area is only 11192 ha. The settlement is located at distance of 700 meters from the pump station. The groundwater level is located on depth 2-3 m. On banks of the "Abdusamat-1" machine canal trees do not grow.

The project (pumps) will be operated 153 days in a year; at the pump station 11 men will be working for Operation and 15 men on maintenance and repair. Reconstruction of "Abdusamat-1" pump station and 1,5 km of the machine canal will be carried out during the off season.

The purpose of the project: reconstruction of "Abdusamat-1" pump station, replacement 5 pump units (1 standby) and engines, replacement of some sections of metal pipes, installation 10 new hydrants (5 from each party), 1.5 km of concrete lining of the machine canal, establishment of pump station capacity at 20 m3/sec to ensure irrigation water for 14000 ha.

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During implementation of the project, it is necessary to carry out the following works: land clearing works at pump station and concrete works in a length of 8,5 m with volume 2 m3 machine canal concrete work in length of41,7 m with 2600 m3 of concrete works, an inspection road work – 4,1 m.

For performance of above works, it is required: 1 bulldozer, 1 auto crane, 2 dump trucks, 1 tractor, 1 electro welding device.

In the project annual household water need for workers is 40,17 m3 of water during operation, During construction for tree planting and landscaping water requirement is 666 m3 Water on household water needs is extracted from well. The wastewater should be connected to a concrete covered cesspool. The municipal service carries out transport of wastewater emptied at time intervals rom cesspits to places of disposal determined by District branch of sanitary – epidemiologic services. During construction, there will be an impact on the atmosphere due to excavations, loading of material for transport, transportation of gravel, etc. Also machines and equipments which use fuel will emit carbon oxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen sodium, aldehydes, sulfur oxide, soot, benzopiren. Due to welding, iron and manganese oxide will be released. During construction the workers and the employees will generate solid waste in volume 0,635 t. This waste will be stored on a temporary platform, and upon termination of construction taken out of the site for disposal. During reconstruction 65 m3 of concrete and ferro-concrete wasye will be generated. The project " Initial Environment Examination" is prepared according to the law of Republic of Uzbekistan about "Ecological Examination " and all Appendices for the law.

To the client I. For production of gravel and sand, it is necessary to have the appropriate approval documents for opening of new borrow sites. II. Waste generated during construction should not impair the aesthetics of the site/buildings and must be properly disposed. III. It is necessary to satisfy the conditions concerning existing flora - to carry out only lawful cutting down iof trees during implementation of civil work. IV. During designing, construction and operation of the project, it is necessary to carrying out the following ecological measures for reduction of negative impact on the Environment: o Before the beginning of construction to remove a fertile (25-30 sm by thickness) ground, and after end of works to lay it back and to carry out restoration; o For rehabilitation of the machine canal, required sand and gravel must be produced after appropriate approvals for the opening up of borrow pits; o It is necessary to prevent contamination of soil by fuel-lubricant materials from machines and equipments;

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o During construction and transportation of a earth material dust will become aproblem and it is necessary to sontrol it by hydro-de-dusting (spraying water); o During construction,lot of building waste will be formed and that should be temporarily stored in ta certain places, and then disposed safely out of the project site; o Wastewater must not be divertyed into open reservoirs; o Solid waste should be sorted and send to relevant enterprises for processing these waste and use as raw material.

Taking into account all above mentioned conditions, Ferghana State Ecological Examination having considered "The Initial Environmental Examination" approval the implementation of the project decisions on rehabilitation of pump station "Abdusamat-1" in the Furkat district. The control of observance of the requirements of the conclusion of Ecological examination is assigned on Furkat district inspection on nature protection. The conclusion of Ecological examination is valid from the date of registration within 3 years.

The head of committee I.A.Nosirov

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ANNEX- D : PHOTOS

Abdusamat Intake at Syrdarya River Abdusamat Machine Canal

Supervision road along machine canal Abdusamat Pump House

Rising Mains Pump House- Motor Room

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