Volume XXXII No. 5 May, 1977 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOOAim W MWBB RffUOES Bl GOAT UOTABI

Margot PoUlitzer However, the advent of the Nazis in Germany fundamentally altered the situation. Whereas the German Freemason Lodges, under pres­ BENEVOLENCE, BROTHERLY LOVE sure from the Nazis, soon went into voluntary liquidation, the B'nai B'rith Lodges refused to do so, though much harassed by Nazi perse­ AND HARMONY cution, until they were finally closed down in 1937. The History of B'nai B'rith in Britain District 15 was faced with new and un­ Freemason Lodges were established in dent Women's Lodge was established — the expected tasks when all this happened. It Europe at the beginning of the eighteenth first in the world. At first, members came made it one of its main concems to rescue century in an attempt to replace the medieval almost exclusively from middle-class circles, children and to care for German-Jewish guilds with new forms of association for men usually of German-Jewish descent. Snobbery, students who wanted to continue their educa­ and women who shared a common code of says Walter Schwab, kept out the others. tion at British universities. On the political morals and beliefs and who had been However, as the structure of Anglo-Jewry level, representations were made to govern­ alienated from traditional religion. For many gradually changed. East End Jews of Eastern ments and institutions at home and abroad. years, they remained closed to Jews, but be­ origin joined in increasing numbers. At the The Lodge, and in particular Mr Schwab's fore the emancipation, European Jews found same time the need arose to find ways to parents, were instrumental in starting the a focal point in their religious life and the attract an emancipated younger generation on Refugee Committee which at first operated leed for a different kind of communal experi­ whom organised religion was rapidly losing from the B'nai B'rith room at Wobum House, ence did not arise for more than another cen­ its hold and who had therefore hardly any London. Practical work for refugees continued tury. When it did, it happened in America, communal affiliations. At this stage, an appli­ up to the outbreak of w^r and, in spite of among Jewish emigrants who had left Ger- cation was made to the Mother Lodge in great difiSculties, during the war. By 1939, niany to escape from local waves of petty America, the Constitutioruxl Grand Lodge for more than a thousand children, many of them persecution. In 1843, 12 of them met in the right to form a District Grand Lodge in the sons and daughters of Lodge members, Sinzheimer's coffee-shop in New York and de­ Britain. When this right was granted. District from Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and cided to set up the Order of B'nai B'rith, thus 15 came into being and took its place among the German-Polish no-man's land had been Perhaps creating the first Jewish refugee the B'nai B'rith Lodges of the World. It began brought to this country and looked after, often organisation. They started with lofty aims: to at once to establish relations with communi­ in specially converted hostels. After Mr inculcate the purest principles of philan­ ties and Lodges in Paris, in the Dominions and Julius Schwab became Grand President of the thropy, honour and—significantly—patriotism, in the Colonies in order to extend B'nai B'rith District Lodge in 1940—an ofiice which he to support science and art, to alleviate the activities to those regions, at the same time only gave up in 1947 because of failing *ants of the poor and needy, to visit the sick, initiating a policy of expansion in this country. he^th — he played a major part in these to come to the rescue of victims of persecu­ By 1936, District 15 had 18 Lodges with a activities. tion and to protect and assist widows and total membership of over a thousand, but its Among the refugees from Central Europe, Orphans. ambitious programme suffered from a lament­ and from Germany in particular, there were From these small beginnings sprang all the able lack of funds, as even the small mem­ a great number who had been prominent in °'nai B'rith Lodges now in existence, and bership fee of 4 shillings was not always the Lodges of their home countries. Very during their long history they were, at one promptly paid. Nevertheless, a number of soon they decided to revive the "Continental tittle or another, called upon to act in accord­ committees were formed to deal with a diver­ Lodge". As Amold Horwell said at the Guild­ ance with their high ideals. In 1976, two sity of tasks: to give advice and aid—other hall Silver Jubilee Celebrations, 200 refugees ^^ges in this country celebrated anniver- than financial—^to members of the Order, and felt at that moment that in time of adversity ^^es and used the opportunity to publish to foreign members in particular, on such the old principles of the Order—^Benevolence, Recounts of their history. Walter M. Schwab, matters as the prospects for young men com­ Brotherly Love and Harmony—had to be re­ "iniself a descendant of German Jews, ing to London, on schooling and accommoda­ stated. Like the concept of the AJR, the idea *rote the history of District 15, established tion for children, and on questions of business, of a new Continental Lodge was first mooted in 1926* and C. C. Aronsfeld that of the whereas the Women's Lodge supported 17 in the men's intemment camps in the Isle of ^0 Baeck Lodge, founded in 1943, one beds in a Convalescent Home on Hampstead Man. For the first time, paradoxically, in­ hundred years after that New York venture, Heath and ran the Stepney Jewish Girls' Club ternees did not have to worry about their ^y another group of Jews from Germany**, with a daily attendance of 40-50. Similarly, daily bread and had leisure to discuss more ^he two booklets which in many ways the Glasgow Lodge provided scholarships for fundamental matters. In the camp, a sus­ complement each other, illuminate a period graduates of the Glasgow Hebrew College. picious commandant vetoed a planned meet­ °f Jewish history which the Lodges helped ing, but soon after their release, these men Y shape. It has not been an easy task The old German Lodges came together in order to establish their own jor the authors: anybody who has attempted In Germany, Lodges had existed since 1882. Lodge. to deal with aspects of organisational life, There were more than a hundred with over They might have joined the First Lodge of ?nd Jewish organisational life in particular, 12,000 members in 1933. In the Twenties, they England, but many of the latter's activities Jn recent years, has come up against the fact joined the European Arbeitsgemeinschaft had been suspended for the duration of the •nat owing to the war and often for sheer which had the task of maintaining contacts war, and there were certainly no meetings in }^ck of space, valuable source material has between the various European districts. Mat­ London after May, 1940. There were, however, t'cen destroyed or lost, and that therefore ters of mutual interest were discussed at more serious considerations to be taken into 'nere must be inevitable gaps. This should be regular meetings. At one such meeting, in ••^njembered by those long-standing members 1928, Rabbi Leo Baeck who was then Grand * Walter M. Schwab, B'nai B'rith, FItty Yean ol Achieve­ ^J both Lodges who have been heard to com- ment 1926-1976. Published by B'nai B'rith District 15 of President of the German District, regretted Great Britain and Ireland, B'nai B'rith, Hillel House, P'ain that important events and issues have that the American and British Lodges held London, January, 1976. J^ot been dealt with as exhaustively as they themselves too much aloof. He said it would *• C. 0. Aronsfeld, Leo Baeck (London) Lodge 1593, The First Thirty Years. Published by the B'nai B'rith (London) *ould have wished. add to the prestige of the Continental Lodges Lodge No. 1593, 1 & 2 Endsleigh Street, London, W.C.1. if their work was seen to be supported by Ed. Arnold Horwell. ,Q^he First Lodge of England was set up in '** Walter M. Schwab, B'nai B'rith, Tha First Lodga ot i9io***_ and was followed by a handful of British and American Brethren. District Lodge England, A Record o< Fifty Years. Oswald Wolff (Pub­ j^cal lodges in English cities and in Edinburgh 15 took this to heart and decided to foster lishers) Ltd., 1960. dur:m g the next 15 years. In 1923, an indepen­ collaboration with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft. Continued on page 2, column 1 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION May 1977

It might be worth mentioning in this con­ HISTORY OF B'NAI B'RITH text that there are again B'nai B'rith Lodges in Germany. Constitution Grand Lodge in Continued from page 1 Washington withheld its consent for a long account. Walter Schwab relates that the First Since then, the work of all the Lodges has time in view of the unhappy past, but in Lodge felt "that the accretion of a large num­ diversified in many fields. Their tasks have December, 1959, the first new Leo Baeck ber of German brethren which would swamp grown with the means available for them. Tradition Lodge was established in Berlin. its own comparatively small membership, Restitution, too, has played its part. In 1955, There is now a second Lodge in Berlin, and might temporarily impair the standing and about £15,000 from the Jewish Tmst Corpora­ there are very active Lodges in all cities in reputation the Lodge had built up over the tion, obtained from restitution for former the Federal Republic where there are Jewish years. ... It did not wish to convert itself Lodge property in the British Zone of Ger­ communities. into a refugee organisation, and it could not many, was put at the disposal of a specially but feel that the immigrant members needed constituted committee. The money had been time to adjust themselves to their new en­ earmarked to help victims of Nazi persecution vironment". Nevertheless, Julius Schwab in Britain, not only former Lodge members. NEWS FROM GERMANY maintained at the time, accredited Gennan Many needy people were helped from this PRISON SENTENCES FOR brethren had an absolute right to join fund, which was added to by substantial dona­ BELSEN DESECRATION tions from members. By 1973, it had distri­ the main Lodge, and "if so desired, a special Four men were sent to prison for six months branch would be formed within the First buted some £80,000. On the other hand, there to one year for desecrating the Belsen Lodge, embracing Continental brethren". was some wrangling about the compensation memorial, overturning 18 tombstones and re­ Thus, on Sunday, May 30, 1943, a body call­ due to the Lodge as a body. Before 1958, the moving flower pots and wreaths. The presiding ing itself "Section 1943" emerged within the majority of members of the Leo Baeck Lodge judge said tliat such deeds were detestable to First Lodge under the leadership of the first were former refugees who felt they had a every German and to the German State. chairman of the AJR, Adolf Schoyer, and of claim to the compensation for lost German Heinrich Stem, once a board member of the Lodge properties, properties which had been NAZI LAWYER STRUCK OFF REGISTER Berlin Jewish Conmiunity. The 200 members valued at 5 million marks in 1937. The Lodge Hans Dietrich Emst, a former SS troop included members of Lodges in Austria, Headquarters in Washington, however, leader who practised as a lawyer in Leer, Old­ Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia. Their claimed the whole of the compensation paid enburg, was removed from the German bar; background is described in Mr Aronsfeld's for such property, maintaining that the mem­ because during the last war he had shared booklet: "They were shabby-genteel, pathetic­ bers of the destroyed Lodges were scattered responsibility for the deportation of old peo­ across the globe. After long and protracted ple, mothers and children to concentration ally labouring to keep up status and appear­ camps. He had been regional commissioner ance, forced to work as waiters, factory-hands, negotiations, it did receive all the benefits, a of the SS security police in France, and had store-keepers, book-keepers, odd-job men, con­ total of about 10 miUion DM, some £800,000 acted against the principles which should founded by the English way of life as much at the time, but eventually allocated $60,000 guide the behaviour of a Gennan lawyer, as baffled by the foreign language". However, (£21,500) to the Leo Baeck Lodge. This sum according to the legal document excluding "they afiBrmed their loyalty to a grand tradi­ was put aside towards the provision of a him from the bar. tion which they felt they were the last to proper Lodge home, badly needed after wan­ preserve". Since that day in 1943, the regular dering from one place to another in search BERLIN SENATOR meetings of the Lodge have become the focal of a proper venue for the regular meetings HONOURED IN ISRAEL point of the lives of many refugee families and events. It took a few more years before A tree was planted in the Avenue of the and they continue to do so. At first eminent the Lodges together with the Hillel students' Just in Jerusalem to honour Professor Radke British Jews and non-Jews were enlisted to organisation joined forces to build the present the West Berlin Schools Senator who in 1941 give talks on the British way of life and the dignified Bn'ai B'rith Hillel House in London's as a corporal in the Army had met Albert affairs of Anglo-Jewry in particular. Gifted Endsleigh Street. Pinkas, a former Berlin musician and record manufacturer in a Yugoslav village and offered members gave artistic performances, and him help. He risked death by opening uP social gatherings, continuing to the present Public Recognition Pinkas' confiscated flat in Belgrade m order to day, have given rise to a strong sense of get hold of his identity documents which en­ community. It is impossible to enumerate the manifold abled him to flee to Turkey and from there By the end of the war. Section 1943 had a projects undertaken by the Lodges since the to reach Palestine, where he died recently- war. They cover the whole field of cultural Pinkas' widow and daughter leamed froi" capital of at least £1,500, a remarkable tourists that Radke was still alive and invitef achievement considering that tmtil 1957 con­ activities, major schemes such as the Leo him to visit them in Israel. tributions relied entirely on "self-assessment". Baeck Forest in whole-hearted support of In that year they were fixed at 5 guineas p.a., Israel, and innumerable charitable acti'wties WFTTLICH SYNAGOGUE at the moment they stand at £11, but many with special stress on the care for old and RECONSECRATED Lodge members whose circumstances have lonely people. The booklets contain coimtless On March 11, the synagogue building of the changed for the better, continually provide details which fill the reader with admira­ now extinct Jewish community if Wittlich near much larger amounts both for special and tion for the compartively small group of Trier was reconsecrated. It had been empty general purposes. This applies both to the people who achieved all this. To a great extent for 30 years and, was acquired by the city o* Men's and to the Women's Lodge which, fos­ there is close co-operation between all Wittlich in 1975. The restored interior of tne tered by tireless community workers like Lodges, and many members of Leo Baeck building will be used for lectures, musica^ Dr. Erna Goldschmidt, wife of the Section's Lodge have achieved prominence within Dis­ evenings and exhibitions. The Thora Ark has first chairman Dr. Frederick Goldschmidt and trict 15. The place the Lodges occupy in been left in the original prayer room, and » the late Ruth Berlak, Dr. Baeck's daughter, the life of the nation as a whole, can be tablet carries the following words: "Tn^ has inaugurated a great number of social ser­ judged from the style in which anniversaries Wittlich Synagogue, built in 1910, was tne spiritual centre of a once flourishing J^^p vices which have proliferated to the present were celebrated. The 21st birthday of the Leo community. A memorial to the victims of tne day and culminated in the running of the Baeck Lodge was marked by a banquet National Socialist persecution. A Memento t Leo Baeck Day Centre for the Over 60s and attended by over 400 members, including more the living." Clara Nehab House, a small and caring old- than 50 representatives of Lodges it had age home. There is also a youth section, the helped to set up throughout the country. Its BERLIN EXHIBITS IN ISRAEL Silver Jubilee in 1968 was celebrated by a Otto Hirsch Chapter, which has been instru­ An exhibition "Berlin—a city searching f°^ mental in giving a sense of belonging and of banquet at the London Guildhall, attended by its future" has been opened m the new e* identity to young Jewish men and women. James Callaghan, then Home Secretary, and hibition centre on Mount Carmel near Hau^' Section 1943 became independent on Quintin Hogg (Lord Hailsham), a former Lord Afterwards it will be displayed in JerusaienJ. November 4, 1945 when Grand President Chancellor. On that occasion, the present Tel Aviv and Beersheba. The West Beru» Schwab, in a solemn session of the Grand Prime Minister said he admired "the sinuous Senate, the Builders' Trade Union, the 0^* strength of the Jewish community" and that man Foreign Office and the German swi Lodge, installed the Leo Baeck (London) Lottery have contributed to it. The P^^ Lodge No. 1593. Its first president was Henry he was proud that the Lodge "sought refuge Senator for planning and building, Mr. I^J?*°iiji Minden. It was named after Leo Baeck who in this country and not only found it but has said during the opening ceremony that B^^g after he came to this country from Theresien­ contributed so much to our history and our was trying to build a new future on the ^^g stadt in July, 1945, was given a rousing wel­ welfare". Finally 1976 saw the Golden Jubilee of an inglorious past. The exhibition SA"-^ of District 15 remembered everywhere in the development of the city of Berlm ^^rj come by the Lodge and agreed to serve as its its early beginnings, and the part Jews P.^^jg. honorary Life President. In 1946, the Leo England and attended by leading Lodge mem­ bers from all over the world. For the present in its achievements. A special section ]f -.^ Baeck Men and Women's Lodges had a joint voted to the topic "Berlin and the Jews ^ membership of 600, the largest B'nai B'rith year, the Order has set itself the target of Nazi atrocities are tmthfully and fully d°*- body outside the USA. doubling its membership. mented. AJR INFORMATION May 1977 Page 3 HOME NEWS Anglo-Judaica Farewell to Israel Ambassador GIRL PRESIDENT OF STUDENTS' UNION URGENT CBF APPEAL FOR ROMANIAN An unprecedented number of functions were Twenty-seven-year-old Miss Susan Slipman, EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS held to say farewell to Mr. Gideon Raphael; daughter of a London taxi driver and a mem­ the outgoing Israeli Ambassador. During his The Central British Fund, which has sent al­ formal leave-taking at the Foreign Office, he ber of the Communist party's national execu­ ready £5,000 to Romania to aid the Jewish tive, was elected the first woman president of discussed with Mr. Owen, the Foreign Sec­ victims of the earthquake there, has launched retary his visits to Israel and to a number of the 800,000-strong National Union of Students. an appeal fund with the view to raising Miss Slipman owed her win by 417 to 261 Arab States this summer. Mr. Raphael des­ £50,000 by May 31. Romanian Jews, the appeal cribed the relations between the British and votes to the Conservatives who voted for her, states, have been hard hit by damage to and because her rival was Hugh Lanning, a mem­ destruction of their homes, the Old Age Home, Israeli Governments as "solid, comprehensive, ber of the extreme Socialist Students, Alliance. synagogues and cemeteries. Whilst the Rom­ close and intimate". At a lunch at the House The post carries a £2,900 a year salary. Miss anian Govemment wiU help, without discrim­ of Commons, Mr. Hugh Fraser, chairman of Slipman is a qualified teacher with first-class ination, in the reconstruction of buildings, the parliamentary branch of the Conservative honours won at St. David's College, Lampeter. fumiture, household equipment would go be­ Friends of Israel, presented Mr. Raphael with yond what they can provide. "Romanian Jews two metal goblets embossed with the emblem are entitled to look to the Anglo-Jewish com­ of the House of Commons. A farewell recep­ A QUESTION OF RACE RELATIONS munity, not only for sympathy but for urgently tion by Labour Friends of Israel was attended needed help in money," states the Appeal. by a number of Ministers. Finally Mr. Raphael Mr. Patel, an orthodox Hindu from Uganda was made an "honorary Irishman" at a St. and a leader of the British immigrant com­ Cheques should be made payable to: C.B.F., Patrick's Day Press Lunch and presented with munity, said at a B'nai B'rith Luncheon Club crossed "Romanian Earthquake Appeal" and a shamrock decorated with the blue and white meeting, presided by Mrs. Susanne Horwell, sent to: Central British Fund, Wobum House, colours of Israel by Princess Elizabeth that he had visited Israel and was a supporter Upper Woburn Place, London WCIH OEX. Galitzine, a native of County Wicklow. (Mr. of the country and of the Anglo-Jewish com­ Raphael had also been Ambassador to Ire­ munity which had much to teach immigrants. land). He expected race to be a major issue in the YAD VASHEM HALL OF NAMES next General Election when the National Front proposed to have 320 candidates and demand Roll of Holocaust Victims 25 Years Anti-TB League equal time on radio and television. In our March issue we informed our readers £15,000 was raised after a 25th anniversary that a "Hall of Names" had been constmcted dinner of the Women Friends of the Anti- NO ADMISSION FOR PRO-NAZI at Yad Vashem (Jerusalem) to preserve the Tuberculosis League where the guests of hon­ names of the martyrs. We also stated that the our Dr. Rhodes Boyson, MP and Professor A pro-Nazi American, Gary Lauck who came forms for registration would be obtainable at John YudMn, the nutritionist, appealed for from Denmark to Harwich in order to continue the AJR offlce. The number of requests we funds. Since its formation, the League has his activities in Britain, was refused entry and received was so great that our supply was raised over £250,000 to build and equip new sent back to Denmark. soon exhausted, and we had to ask several clinics in Israel. applicants to wait until we get further forms. Meanwhile, a special Yad Vashem Committee BARCLAYS BANK DEFIES BOYCOTT has been set up in tliis country under the Topol in Glasgow auspices of the Board of Deputies. All de­ Actor Chaim Topol told the guests at a Mr. Anthony Tuke, chairman of Barclays mands which we could not meet have been Bank, said in his annual statement that the dinner of the Friends of the Hebrew Univ­ sent to their office. Any readers, who have not ersity about his activities in audio-visual cov­ Bank would not submit to pressure from the yet applied for forms should send their re­ Arab Boycott Committee over its long standing erage of the Bible on location in Israel and quests to: Mrs. U. Webster, Board of Deputies his involvement in a pre-university training presence in Israel. He added that the bank of British Jews, Wobura House, Upper Woburn had taken substantial participation in loans to scheme for those on military service. It en­ Place, London WCIH. It may, however take ables potential university entrants to complete Arab countries which must have been aware some time, until the forms, which will be of its over 50 years business activities in their first year of study whilst serving in the specially printed in this country, become Army by using video-tape material. Israel. available.

POLFTICS AND PING PONG Broadcast Collaboration MAURICE EDELMAN REMEMBERED At the Birmingham Table Tennis tourna­ The Seder broadcast on Radio 4, from the ment, Chinese Worldmaster Wang Chun re­ A chestnut tree in memory of Maurice Kenton home of the Kosmin family was pro­ fused to play against the Israeli Shlomo Edelman, M.P., who died suddenly in 1975, duced by joumalist Thena Heshel, daughter of Mendelson. When he tried to explain his was planted by his widow at Hughenden a rabbi and reported by Roman Catholic Anne attitude by saying that the Chinese supported Manor, once the home of Disraeli, about whose MacNamara. the Palestinians "in their just war against life Edelman had written two novels. The Israel", the President of the Intemational Edelmans occupied a fiat in Hughenden Manor, League, Roy Evans (Wales), interrupted him and Mrs. Edelman still lives there. Hebrew Studies in Britain and said the tournament had been arranged Under an agreement reached between to play table tennis, and not to talk politics. British and Israeli officials about cultural cooperation between the two coimtries during the next eight years, a series of Hebrew studies HEBREW IN SCHOOLS Your House for:— will be introduced at the London School of As part of the Sixth Form Enrichment Economics. School textbooks in both countries Courses of the Inner London Education Auth­ CURTAINS, CARPETS, will be reviewed to ensure fair representation ority, the Jewish Free School which is now and there wiU be an Anglo-Israeli symposium comprehensive, will hold three courses in FLOOR COVERINGS on the historical aspects of the Balfour Modem Hebrew, open to all pupils in ILEA declaration to mark its 60th anniversary in Schools, who will enter sixth forms next Sept­ November. In April there was an exhibition ember or win be finishing their A-level SPECIAUTY "The Old Testament in World Music" at the courses. The courses will cater for beginners Festival Hall. It has already been shown -with and for pupils who are taking Hebrew for great success in Italy. Next year, one of their 0 and A level examinations. There will ENGLISH & CONTINENTAL Britain's major drama or music companies also be lectures in English on social and will go to Israel to take part in the celebration cultural life in Israel. DOWN QUILTS, DUVETS, of its 30th anniversary. DUVET COVERS & SHEETS JEWISH MAYOR OF BOURNEMOUTH Synagogue on Monastery Grounds Dr. Gabriel Jaffe, the next mayor of Bourne­ ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS For fourteen years, the Solihull and Dis­ mouth, is the second Jew to hold that office. trict Congregation has had to hold services He has been a Conservative member of the ESTIMATES FREE in various halls because no suitable land was norough council for years. During the last to be found where to build a synagogue. The *ar, he was a surgeon-commander in the DAWSON-LANE LIMITED council of Solihull which has a growing Jewish '^oyal Navy. (Established 1946) population, refused planning permission for 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK various sites. EventUcdly, a local community of Telephone: 904 6671 Franciscan friars offered the community the With acknowledgement to the news use of a plot of land in Monastery Drive, and service of the Jewish Chronicle Personal attention ol Mr. W. Shackman the foundation-stones of the synagogue and communal buildings have now been laid. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION May 1977

JEWS AND APARTHEID NEWS FROM ABROAD A recent radio commentary implied that Jewish doctors were relinquishing their UNTTED STATES NETHERLANDS patriotic duties and fleeing South Africa. Nazi Bookshop smashed Rabbi Rosen whose Capetown congregation is Statue for Anne Frank the largest in the country, protested against In a working-class district of San Francisco, Dr. Ivo Samkalden, the Jewish Mayor of this statement and said that "Jews had no about 150 Jews and others wrecked the Neo- unpaid debts to S. Africa", they had given Nazi Rudolf Hess bookshop and bumt its Amsterdam, has unveiled a statue to Anne Frank, the Jewish girl who hid from the Nazis back tenfold in every sphere what they had literature soon after it opened in premises received. Subsequently the "Afrikaner Yid- belonging to 67-year-old Nathan Green, an until 1944 and who died at Bergen-Belsen to where she was subsequently deported. The dische Zeitung" attacked the rabbi in a front Auschwitz survivor. He only learnt that his page leader which was reproduced under six- new tenants were Nazis when they paraded statue stands in front of the Westerkerk whose steeple she could see from her hiding-place. column banner-headlines in the pro-Govern; in brown-shirt uniforms, swastika armbands ment newspaper "Die Vaderland". Mr. Levi and jackboots at the formal opening of the It is mentioned in her diary. The house Prin­ sengracht 287 where she hid until she and Shalit, editor of the Yiddish paper, who is a shop with martial music and Nazi flags. concentration camp survivor, said that it was American Nazis retaliated by damaging five her family were betrayed, is not very far from the church. Her 88-year old father, the only understandable if Afrikaners took offence large stained-glass windows of a synagogue when Jewish doctors left S. Africa for coun­ opposite the shop, founded in 1947 by a group survivor of the family, who now lives in Switzerland, attended the ceremony. Dutch tries other than Israel. He asked in his article: of German Jews who survived the war. Mr. "Didn't Jews, even religious Jews, know when Green's father, two brothers and two sisters publishers paid for the statue and handed it to the city of Amsterdam. they came to this country that apartheid was died in concentration camps. the rule here — and not merely from today?" The "Jewish Times" the most widely read Stained Glass Windows from Manchester M.P.s' letter to Carter condemned Jewish paper in the country, points out that never before had there been such a high pro­ An American-Jewish organisation is said to All parties in the Dutch Parliament criti­ portion of Jewish councillors in the Johannis­ be the buyer who paid less than £1,000 for cised five MPs for asking President Carter burg city council. Since the last elections one 12 stained glass windows, up to ten feet high, in a letter to "sweep away Israeli obstructions third of its members were Jewish. 14 of the of the disused Manchester Great Synagogue to the establishment of a sovereign Palestinian 19 seats won by the Progressive-Reform Party which were nearly 100 years old. Vandals had State." The MPs had signed a letter sent by at the municipal elections, were Jews. This, already broken three other windows and the Paris-based Parliamentary Association for says the paper, should give the lie to loose looted the building. The Great Synagogue is European-Arab Co-Operation to the US Am­ talk about a Jewish "exodus or disengage­ the oldest in Manchester. bassadors in Holland, Belgium, France, Italy ment" from S. Africa. and Britain. In this country, the letter was Rabbi Rosen is a son of the late Rabbi Kopul COURT CASE ABOUT ENTEBBE RAID also signed by Mr. Andrew Faulds, Mr. Colin Jackson, Mr. Tom Urwin and Mr. David Rosen of Britain. 42 passengers and crew aboard the Air Watkins, Labour, and by Mr. Dennis Walters NAZI BOOKS IN ARGENTINA France plane sky-jacked in June last year in and Robert Hicks, Conservative. In a heated Athens have sued Air France and Singapore debate in the Dutch parliament, Mr. Ed van Last September the Government of Argen­ Airlines for $127 million (abt. £74 million) for Tijn, Jewish leader of the Labour section of tina seized Nazi and antisemitic publications alleged failure to take adequate precautions the Labour-Catholic Govemment coalition — printed and distributed by the Editorial against the sky-jacking. The suit, filed in which has since resigned — disapproved Milicia group and banned the firm from Chicago, claims that Air France did not screen strongly of the contents of the letter, liut sup­ further dissemination of such material. Now a passengers boarding the plane and therefore ported the Palestinians' right to their own new firm has been set up which widely dis­ failed to detect the weapons they carried. The State. tributes copies of the Tsarist forgery "Pro­ sky-jackers had arrived from Bahrein on a tocols of the Elders of Zion" as well as a col­ Singapore Airline plane and had not been INSULT FOR CONSUMERS' ADVOCATE lection of speeches by Julius Streicher. screened there either. The suit was joined by the relatives of two Israelis killed during the The American Jewish Committee has asked INDIA for the resignation of Mr. Dixon, the Ameri­ rescue operation and of Mrs. Dora Bloch, the Pro-Israeli Premier British victim who disappeared from a can Federal Trade Commissioner, for calling Ugandan hospital after the raid. The two air­ Lebanon-born Mr. Ralph Nader, the cam­ Eighty-one-year-old Mr. Morarji Desai, lines were accused of "gross and wilful care­ paigner for the rights of consumers, "a dirty India's new Prime Minister, has always main­ lessness, recklessness, negligence and wilful Arab". tained cordial relations with Indian Jews and and wanton disregard for life". The plaintiffs he is also pro-Israeli. As Chief Minister ot are said to have suffered "physical and other DENMARK Bombay State, he used to send an annual New injuries and .... mental anguish, psychic Pro-Palestinian Film withdrawn Year's message to the community on Rosn injuries and pain" and do require continuing Hashana. medical treatment. After protests from large sections of the population, the Danish documentary film "The THE JEWISH CATACOMBS OF ROME AMIN'S ANTICS Palestinians — A Suppressed People is Always Right" has been withdrawn. It had been made The Vatican will shortly restore to the Uganda has become a major training base by a young Danish film maker with the sup­ Jewish community in Rome the catacombs for the Palestine Liberation Organisation and port of the National Film Fund and distributed which were used by Jews between the first one of its most important political centres. to schools and organisations. The film and fourth century. Since the concordat be­ After Entebbe, President Amin was angry with described British soldiers as murderers and tween Mussolini and the Vatican, they hau them for failing to stop the Israeli rescue of Britain's role between 1945 and 1948 as been administered by the Vatican and closea the hi-jack victims and dismissed a special treacherous and claimed that in 1948 there to the public. They wUl now be re-opened. Palestinian unit serving as his bodyguard. was a secret agreement between Israel and Three of their members had joined the hi­ some Western powers that the new state SOVIET SEDER FILM jackers when their aircraft landed at Entebbe. should extend from the Nile to the Euphrates. In spite of official discouragement. Seder Later on he relented and now he has openly A still picture was alleged to depict an Israeli services were held in many Russian towns identified himself with their cause and pro­ officer torturing an innocent Arab. In fact, this year. In Moscow, a State television teain vides military training for them. A squadron it showed an Israeli officer trying to revive an filmed the Passover Service in a newly-paintea of PLO pilots is being trained on Russian MiG Arab who had fainted in the heat, by throwing synagogue which was attended by about 5uu planes, others are on parachute and tank water on him. worshippers, most of them elderly. The TV courses at Ugandan Army bases. The Ugandan director said the film would be transmittea capital, Kampala, is the headquarters of the AUSTRIA abroad, it was not intended for Russian resident PLC) mission whose leader, Khaled screens. el-Sheikh, is responsible for planning all PLO Soviet Jews in Vienna operations and propaganda in East Africa. He In February, more than 1,000 Jewish ROMANIAN EARTHQUAKE VICTIMS lives in the former residence of the Israeli emigrants from the USSR arrived in Vienna, Ambassador, expelled in 1972. George and 49 per cent of them decided not to go to The Chief Rabbi of Romania, Dr. Rosen, Habash's Popular Front and the Iraq-backed Israel. has announced over the telephone that more Popular Revolutionary Front are also active in than 100 Jews had been killed and many were Uganda. Amin has brought in several hundred 700,000 JEWS IN FRANCE still missing. Two synagogues were almosi Palestinian civilians to do the administrative totally destroyed, and hundreds of Jews ren­ and public service jobs formerly performed According to the latest census, France's dered homeless. Many of the dead were so by Asians. The PLO has tlireatened that 1977 Jewish population has now grown to 700,000. badly injured that they could no longer oe will be its year of revenge for the Entebbe 56 per cent are married, more than 27 per identified. Those known to have perished in' rescue. In January 1976, the Kenyan intel­ cent to non-Jewish partners. 67 per cent are eluded many intellectuals such as the enunenii ligence authorities thwarted an operation when aged between 15 and 49 and only 16 per cent poetess and novelist Veronica Porumbacu, on^ Palestinians in Uganda planned to shoot do"wn over 65. This is in striking contrast to the of tlie leading literary figures in Romano^ an El Al airliner bound for Johannesburg in position in other countries where the majority A doctor and his wife were killed on the eve Nairobi. are over 50. of their departure for Israel. AJR INFORMATION May 1977 Page 5

Egon Larsen rowed money from the Jews and called them usurers. Other times of economic crises, in 1819 and JEWISH UFE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY again in 1835, led to anti-Jewish riots, called What was it like for Germany's Jews to live German Jews in the eighteenth century was "Hep-Hep-Sturm", in Franconia, Hamburg, in the age of emancipation? We know a great the so-called Judendeutsch, called 'western and several other German areas. At Bischofs- deal about the Rothschilds and the Heines Yiddish' by the philologists". heim in Baden there had been rumours that and the Mendelssohns, but very little about A significant result of emancipation was— on Good Friday, 1848, there would be an the everj'day lives of their ordinary contem­ almost as a matter of course for a people organised Jew-baiting, writes a citizen called poraries. Yet the period from the end of the like the Jews — their branching-out into the Levi Strauss. The local Jews asked the authori­ eighteenth century to the establishment of cultural life of the country. Traditionally, ties for military protection on that day. But the German Empire was one of the most sig­ Jewish girls had been given only a rather as Baden could not spare any soldiers, the nificant in the social history of the German elementary schooling, and they were even ex­ Bavarian government was asked to help, and Jews, and much of what happened in our own cluded from religious studies. Now it was it sent a company of infantry and a squadron time had its origins in the development of the the women who began to read contemporary of Chevaux legers. The Friday was quiet, yet German-Jewish bourgeoisie. literature and to introduce it to the rest of at night the soldiers fratemised with the local the family. They adopted the habit of reading mob; arms linked and drunk, they all reeled That gap in our knowledge has been splen­ through the town, singing anti-Jewish squibs. didly fiUed by Monika Richarz, a social his­ aloud from the classics on the Sabbath even­ torian who graduated in Berlin in 1970 and is ing, and even the Orthodox Jews did not see "As such a drunken, bawling crowd gathered now working at the Leo Baeck Institute in anything objectionable in this. Newspapers and outside our house", continues Levi, "my 22- New York, whose archives provided the basis journals came next—the Frankfurter Zeitung, year-old brother David climbed up to the top of her 500-page book, Jiidisches Leben in the "Voss", the Gartenlaube. Heine was a floor with his loaded rifle, opened the window, Deutschland: Selbstzeugnisse zur Sozial- favourite, including those of his works that and shouted down to the tipsy mob, 'Break it geschichte 1780-1871 (Deutsche Verlags- had been banned by the Pmssian censor; but up, or I'll shoot'! This worked wonders. The Anstalt, 1976 DM39-80). The Leo Baeck the most popular classic among the German crowd dispersed quickly, the singing Institute began in 1955 to collect unpublished authors was Schiller, and wherever there was stopped. . . . Peace was restored, and no memoirs by German Jews; about 600 have by a theatre, the Jews would flock to it, most of harm came to any Jew in Bischofsheim and its now been filed, and the work by Monika all to the Schiller plays. surroundings". Richarz is the first volume gleaned from that In the middle of the last century there be­ material (with the support given by the Antisemitism? gan a substantial Jewish emigration to Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Mem­ One searches in these fifty memoirs for evi­ America. Young Abraham Kohn from Fiirth orial Foundation for Jewish Culture, and the dence of antisemitism among the German went in 1842. He could not get a job in New Robert Bosch Stiftung). people, but there is surprisingly little of it. York—"Business is too bad", he writes, "and Who are the writers of those memoirs? They Among the middle and upper classes, the like all the other immigrants I had to shoulder are all largely unknown, and what they wrote "new" citizens were rarely made to feel un­ my pack, go to the country, and try to sell all was meant for family usage, not for publica­ welcome; it was obviously bad manners to be kinds of things there, whether I liked it or not. tions. Two dozen of the fifty or so writers nasty to them, though there was, of course, So this is the praised paradise of the Bavarian Were merchants or manufacturers, one third much resistance against that Jewish invasion immigrants", he continues. "Oh you blind Professional people such as doctors, lawyers, behind the scenes of the professional circles, fools, oh you people deluded by greed and teachers, and only a few could be classified the civil service, the right-wing political love of money! This is what you left your as "lower orders". The reason is that most parties. Yet the notorious antisemitism of the parents and relatives for, your friends and Jewish families rose during the nineteenth students seems to have begun only after the acquaintances, your homes and your father­ century from the pedlar's and small shop­ foundation of the German Empire — in 1848 land, your language and your customs, your keeper's class to that of the middle-class citi­ they were the standard-bearers of the demo­ faith and your religion—to sell a few things zens, and their very success in social life, says cratic revolution. What the memoir-writers here and there in America's wild steppes, in Pr Richarz, prompted many of them to write recall as Jew-baiting incidences happened lonely farmhouses, in little villages. ... Is it their reminiscences. Four had been weavers mostly at school and in the villages. worth all we've lost? Is this what you call who became textile manufacturers; one printer Ascher Lehmann from Franconia, for in­ freedom of thought and action when you have rose to the position of newspaper owner, and stance, was still a pedlar in the countryside to buy a licence for 100 dollars to do business one glove-maker ended up as the New York around 1800. Peasant lads ran after him, in one of the States? ... All right, you don't representative of a leading German glove shouting: "Jud, mach Moresl" and if he did hear the name 'Jew'. Why not? Because you factorj'. not respond by taking his hat off they would don't mention it. I wish I had never seen throw stones at him. But the Catholic fanners, this America". The population movement among the Jews and particularly their wives and daughters, in the last century is most interesting. Be­ would often say, "Oh you handsome man, what tween 1816 and 1871, the number of Jews in a pity that you'll go to Hell—get baptized!" Prussia grew from 124,000 to 325,000; in Another writer recalls that as a schoolboy he PRESERVATION OF JEWISH Saxony from 874 to 3,360; in Baden from heard only one antisemitic remark against him­ MONUMENTS 17,600 to 25,700. Only Bavaria lost 3,000 Jews self; he complained to the director, and the in that period, while Hamburg doubled their To work for the preservation of Jewish offender was punished, with the result that no Cultural Monuments in Europe, a "Rashi numbers. Another set of figures compares the other boy opened his mouth against the Jew. Association" has been founded in New York •Jewish population of the Prussian provinces However, there were some anti-Jewish riots. under the chairmanship of Professor Werner in 1825 with that in 1871: East Prussia, At Viernheim near Mannheim the peasants J. Cahnmann. The Committee in Formation Silesia, Pomerania, and the Rhineland show comprises more than 60 personalities who enormous rises, and so does of course Berlin— attacked the Jewish houses in 1822 and 1830; hold leading positions as scholars or com­ from 4,000 to 36,000 Jewish inhabitants; but furniture was smashed, feather-beds were munal workers in U.S.A. and Canada and Posen lost a few thousand. "emptied" in the street, but there were no many of whom are of Central European assaults on the Jews personally. A Catholic origin. Among them are Dr. Curt C. Silber­ Emancipation, which came in various stages priest offered them asylum and protection. A man and Prof. Herbert Strauss of the Ameri­ ^nd at different times in the Central Euro­ company of soldiers was called in to quell the can Federation of Jews from Central Europe riot, and the ring leaders were sent to prison and Rabbi Dr. Max Gruenewald and Dr. Fred pean principalities, meant more than just the Grul)el, president and secretary respectively Sranting of citizens' rights. It meant the des­ for a few years. The chronicler explains that of the New York Leo Baeck Institute. truction of the ghetto mentality by the Jews the reasons were the "desperate situation of themselves. "The Jews had been living out­ the peasants, who had become paupers through The first circular of the Association carries having to pay war taxes" and the general reports about the present condition of monu­ side society", says Dr Richarz, "not only be­ ments in various places, and reveals that cause of their religion and their legal status, hunger through crop failures; they had bor­ some of them have been restored whereas in nut their seclusion, especially in the cultural other cases negotiations with the German ^nd social sphere, had been of their own authorities in charge and the re-established J^olition. . . . Even where, as in most German CAMPS Jewish communities are still pending. Places towns, there was no enclosed ghetto, they set­ INTERNMENT—P.O.W.— to which the Association has paid special tled in a confined neighbourhood for religious FORCED LABOUR—KZ attention include Worms, Hechingen, Floss I wIsti to buy cards, envelopes and folded post­ (near the concentration camp site Flossen­ J'casons. This social separation was streng­ marked letters from all oampe of both world wore. burg), Augsburg, and the cemeteries of con­ thened by further isolating factors such as Ptease sef>d, registered mall, stating price, to: centration camp victims of Dachau. No inter­ clothes and language, by which a Jew could PETER C. RICKENBACK vention, the report states, was needed in ^t once be identified. The language of the 14 Roaalyn HIII, London, N.W.3 Berlin, Cologne and Braunschweig.

'•ix->-^^ 5i.'i'<-- Page 6 AJR INFORMATION May 1977 MARGARET JACOBY 95

"EIN WEISES HERZ" und lautet: Unsere Tage zaehlen lehre uns von uns hat sie anders als laechein gesehen, Herr, auf dass wir ein weises Herz gewinnen! laechelnd in diese Welt trotz aller Uebel, von Es gibt Menschen, die leiden furchtbare Jetzt gerade stehen wir am Ende der denen die Welt heute so voll ist. Not und koennen nicht erzaehlen, was in ihrem Herzen ist, und sie gehen einher, sogenannten Zaehlzeit, der Omerzeit, und nur Ein weises Herz gewuinen, das war und voll der Not. Kommt ihnen da einer ent­ wenige Stunden trennen uns von einem ist ihr Ziel, und mit diesem weisen Herzen gegen mit lachendem Angesicht er vermag grossen Fest, Chag haSchowaus, dem Fest der nimmt sie nicht nur jedes auch tmebe sie zu beleben mit seiner Freude. Und das Wochen. Aber wir zaehlen natuerlich auch Schicksal gelassen und gleichmuetig auf sich, ist kein geringes Ding: einen Menschen die Jahre und die Jahrzehnte. Gerade in jenem mit diesem Herzen wendet sie sich alien beleben. Psalm, von dem ich ausgegangen bin, steht Menschen zu in ihrer grossen Guete. Wir Worte des Rabbi Nachman das Wort: "Die Tage unseres Lebens waehren wissen, wenn wir sie sehen, wie gut sie es The smiling face springs to mind first when 70 Jahre imd wenn es hoch kommt, 80 Jahre, mit uns meint trotz unserer Fehler, trotz one thinks of Margaret Jacoby. Her smile en­ unserer Maengel. Sie sieht das Gute, weil chants and consoles, and more than most sie es mit weisem Herzen sieht. Und was "vermag sie zu beleben mit ihrer Freude", as von Mose steht, dem Hundertzwanzigjaehrigen, Rabbi Nachman describes it so movingly. dass sein Auge ungetruebt geblieben ist und Mrs. Jacoby's vitality belies her age. One can seine Wangen nicht eingefallen, das gilt ganz hardly believe that this remarkable woman ge'wiss auch von ihr. Bluehende Wangen, will be 95 on May 22. There is no need to strahlende Augen, ungetruebt. Wir koennen assure Mrs. Jacoby of the gratitude of the nur von ganzem Herzen wuenschen, dass diese members of "her" Club, whose lives have been strahlenden, ungetruebten Augen, diese blue­ enriched by her care. It is the care of a mother henden Wangen, dieses weise Herz ihr getreu for the well-being of her "children", who know bleiben zunaechst bis zu Moses Alter, bis 120." that she will help where she can and listen D.S. to their sorrows and joy. GRACE, ENERGY AND HUMOUR Mrs. Jacoby once said: When our dear friend, Mrs. Margaret Jacoby, "Sie wissen alle, das mein Herz an dem celebrated her 90th birthday five years ago, Club haengt, und ich weiss auch, dass Ihre the tributes published in AJR Information Herzen an mir haengen. Und das ist etwas, included a detailed description of her life, was ich in meinem Alter als etwas ganz Wunderbares empfinde, und dafuer moechte first in Germany and later in this country. ich Ihnen von ganzem Herzen danken." Since then, it has become an annual habit to convey to her our birthday wishes in these There is so much one would like to say on columns, repeating our admiration for her such a special day to a chairman who is unique indomitable youthfulness. Yet now, as another and so lovable. But words fail and it remains lustrum has passed and she is going to cele­ to express the heartfelt wish that Margaret brate her 95th birthday on May 22, a brief Jacoby will continue to lead the AJR Club reference just would not do. In any case, in good health and spirits with her inspiration, und was darueber ist, ist Muehsal und Nich­ our congratulations had to be accompanied by enthusiasm and dedication, certain of the love tigkeit". Was, das sagt Moses, Moses, der a new photo. There we had a wide choice and and admiration of its members. 120 Jahre geworden ist und von dem steht The son of one of the Club members, after am Ende unserer Torah, dass sein Auge nicht offering personal congratulations and thanks, getmebt war und seine Wangen nicht einge­ writes: fallen waren? Das sagt Moses, der gerade auch noch in den letzten 30, 40 Jahren seines "Congratulations ... on the enormous Lebens so viel getan und gewirkt hat fuer work done for the good of others, on the unser Volk? Ich glaube gamicht, dass dieser selfless devotion to your work. ... I find it Psalm von Moses stammt. Die Ueberschrift beyond words to thank you for the pro­ vision of a home from home for so many datiert wahrscheinlich aus einer viel spaeteren of my mother's and the preceding genera­ Zeit. tion. The rays of sunshine which you en­ Wenn wir ein Beispiel dafuer haben wollen, able to pierce their lives are truly appreci­ wie wenig Muehsal und Nichtigkeit die Jahre ated. Your constant cheerfulness, and even nach 80 sind, sehen wir auf unser liebes the well-ordered discipline you emanate, are greatly appreciated. You represent all that Geburtstagskind. "Unsere Tage zaehlen lehre was great in the Great Families of the by­ uns, Herr, auf dass wir ein weises Herz gone age. You make yourself the model for gewinnen". Ja, das hat sie wirklich sich us, of my generation; for we can respect gewonnen, ein weises Herz. Die Weisheit hat only the impretentious and sincere, and weniger mit Verstand und mit Vemunft als follow only the devoted and selfless . . ." mit dem Herzen zu tun und mit solch weisem (C.G.) Herzen blickt unser Geburtstagskind laengst were even in a predicament. For only a fe* um sich in einer Welt, die wahrhaftig nicht months ago, she sent her friends a photo Three years ago. Rabbi Dr. Georg Salzberger schoen und nicht erfreulich ist. Aber wer paid tribute to Mrs. Jacoby on her birthday. depicting her sitting on a motor bike. We can­ His words are as apt today as they were then, not resist the temptation to use it for this and as this year May 22 is also the beginning issue, not to pretend that she has obtained a of Shavuot, the address is fitting in more than driving licence, but to show our readers one one respect: Gorta Radiovision of the latest examples of her sense of humour- And yet, humour or—to use a more ade­ "Wenn ich ueber diese Feierstunde ein Wort Service quate term—charm is not her only quality- aus unserer Heiligen Schrift setzen soil, so ist wohl das schoenste und passendste das, das in 13 Frognal Parade, dem 90. Psalm, ueberschrieben Das Gebet BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNER Moses, des Knechtes Gottes, geschrieben steht Finchley Road, N.W.3 Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS SALES REPAIRS BELSiZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE Always interested in purchasing 51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.3 Special Offer Grandig Colour well-preserved instruments Our new communal hall Is available for Television 22 in. Remote Control cultural and social functions. For details £379 JAQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. apply to: Secretary, Synagogue Office. Tel.: 01-794 3949 (435 8635) 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Tel.: 723 8818/9 i-^-'-Y^T-j'-.-cr^M^

AJR INFORMATION May 1977 Page 7 JEWISH DEPUTY LIEUTENANT OF MARGARET JACOBY GREATER LONDON What makes her personality so outstanding is often than not the children and husbands were Mr. John Cohen, 56, deputy chairman of the rare balance between charm and creative­ able to follow. Thus many in our midst owe Burberry's was appointed deputy lieutenant ness. As chairman of the AJR Club she holds their lives to the untiring work of Margaret of Greater London. He is a member of the the reins in her hands. She copes with the Jacoby. Glovers' Company and city Liveryman. general problems of the day-to-day work with She and her husband left Germany only a the same efficiency with which she keeps few months before the outbreak of war. Like ENGLISH WRTTERS FOR ISRAEL personal contacts with the individual members. many of her background, she did not harp It sometimes happens that members who are Lord Ted Willis led the first-ever mission on her comfortable life in the past but adjusted of English writers to Israel. It included Iris ten or 20 years her junior—after all, they, too, herself to the changed circumstances. She took Murdoch, Fay Weldon, Beryl Bainbridge, Mel­ are over 70—just feel too frail for carrying up jobs in English hostels and other institu­ vyn Bragg and many others. out a small job, and then Mrs. Jacoby steps tions. In this way she could not only make use into the breach. of her experience as a social worker but also ALFRED KERR PRIZE Whenever there is a public function of the got a greater understanding of the English Club, she impresses the members by her people than those of us whose lives after The "Borsenblatt fUr den Deutschen Buch­ addresses and, even more, by her self-made their immigration have more or less centred handel", published by the Gennan Book Trade verses in which she uses her poetical talent around Hampstead. Yet, to our good fortune, Association, has initiated an Alfred Kerr Prize of DM 5,000 to be awarded annually to a and psychological insight to characterise in an she ultimately joined the Hampstead folk and, newspaper, periodical, radio or television amicable spirit those in her charge. Yet, she since its inception 21 years ago, she has been station for outstanding literary achievement. never considers the work for the AJR Club the chairman of the AJR Club. under a parochial aspect. She knows that the Though 21 years ago, she had already been PROFESSOR KURT SCHWERIN 75 Club has to fulfil a serious function which has in this world for a number of years, one some­ to be in keeping with present-day standards times feels that she is of the same age as the Professor Kurt Schwerin (Chicago) recently of social policy. Her reports at our annual Club. Assuming this fiction for a moment as celebrated his 75th birthday. Though officially Board meetings, to which all Board members a fact we may say that she has now come of retired, he is stiil active both as a lecturer are looking forward, testify to this approach. and as a research worker. Among other things, age. She combines the wisdom of her life-long he continues the publication of bibliographies All this is not surprising if we take her experience with the open-mindedness of a in the field of junsprudence. Conscious of his formative years and her own pre-war activities youthful woman. That she may remain as she German-Jewish heritage. Professor Schwerin into account. Her father, Geheimrat Orgler, is for a very, very long time to come is our is Chairman of the Chicago Chapter of the was the first Jewish lawyer in Posen and sincerest birthday wish. Leo Baeck Institute. We wish him many more a Freeman of the town. Her husband. W.R. years of undiminished health and creativity. Professor Martin Jacoby, was a distinguished EGL. pharmacologist and physiologist at the Berlin Moabit Hospital. She herself was active in the LADY AVON IN ISRAEL German Democratic Party. At the same time she always played a leading part in the PERSONALIA Lady Avon, the widow of the former Sir Juedischer Frauenbund. It is, therefore, no Anthony Eden, paid a private visit to Israel. It is the first time that she has visited the accident that it was her idea to name our NEW GERMAN AMBASSADOR Community Centre at Adamson Road after thc country. unforgettable professional head of the Frauen­ As successor to Herr Karl-Guenther von bund, Hannah Karminski. Her activities for the Hase, Dr. Hans Hellmuth Ruete has been IN MEMORY OF WERNER M. BEHR Prauenbund reached their peak when, after appointed Ambassador of the Federal Republic the November pogroms, the Berlin Frauenbund of Germany in London. Dr. Ruete was born in Tombstone Consecration on June 5 under her guidance organised the emigration Leningrad (then St. Petersburg) in 1914, the The memorial stone in memory of our past of women, mainly as domestic servants, to this son of a medical professor. Since 1972 Dr. chairman, Mr. Wemer M. Behr, O.B.E., will be country. Once the women were saved, more Ruete has been Ambassador in Warsaw — the consecrated at Bushey Cemetery on Sunday, first diplomat from the Federal Republic to June 5, at 11 a.m. hold this post.

The Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain LINA HALPER HONOURED reminds members and friends Professor Albert Neuberger, chairman of the that it loill hold its executive committee of the British Friends of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, announced that an honorary doctorate will be conferred Wiii GENERAL MEETING on Mrs. Lina Halper, 90, in July. Mrs. Halper on Tuesday, May 17, at 7.45 p.m. is an aunt of Mr. Abba Eban, Israel's former Foreign Minister and the widow of Dr. Benzion at Hannah Karminski House, Halper, editor of the Jewish Publication 9 Adamson Road, Swiss Cottage, N.W.3 Society of America. She has helped many refugees in this country and during the war (Side Entrance) started to arrange balls for Jewish charities. Since 1944 she has arranged the annual dinner I and ball for the Hebrew University. Professor Report on AJR Activities Neuberger said no one had worked longer or more devotedly for the cause. Treasurer's Report Discussion AWARD FOR "BARMTTZVAH BOY" Election of Executive and Board Jack Rosenthal, the Manchester-bom writer CORSETRY J^ The list of candidates submitted by the Executive of TV plays, mostly with a Jewish content, is published on page 10 received an award from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts which considered n his controversial "Barmitzvah Boy" the best single play of 1976. He received a further MELVYN CARLOWE award as best writer of 1976. Executive Director of the Jewish Welfare Board BURSARY FOR FRANK MARCUS' SON 4 Gladstone Road will speak on Paul Marcus, son of Berlin-bom playwright and critic Frank Marcus, has won a Thames (oK Queen's Road) NEW TRENDS IN SOCIAL WORK Television regional trainee director bursary which will take him to Salisbury Playhouse for Southall, Middlesex Non-members are not entitled to vote two years. At the moment he is running the but are welcome as guests at the meeting fringe theatre at the Rock Garden Cafe in Covent Garden. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION May 1977

Vor aUem aber stand sie den Mitgliedern des Club, dem sie fast seit seiner Gruendung ERICH WOLFSFELD EXHIBITION angehoerte, menschlich nahe, und ihr Hingang ist fuer sie ein schmerzlicher persoenlicher Belgrave Gallery, 17 Motcomb Street, S.W.l Verlust. Charakterisieren wir Grete Fischer ganz knapp, dann duerfen wir sagen: Sie war die personifizierte Wahrheitsliebe ihren Mitmen­ Professor of Painting and Etching at the driven towards the under-privileged, he went schen und sich selbst gegenueber. Wer sie Berlin Academy, winner of a Gold Medal in to North Africa where his heart went kannte, vmrd sie nie vergessen. Berlin, exhibited at the Royal Academy, out to the poorest Arabs and his palette also. London, Associate member of the Royal Innocent long forgotten times, when a Jewish H. G. ADLER Society of Painters, Etchers and Engravers, artist was able to embrace Jews and Arabs represented at the Tercentenary Exhibition with the same sympathy. of Jewish painters in England—and yet who How dignified those beggars and poor of my readers has ever heard of Erich peasants look, standing almost motionless like " FLOW OF WAR FILMS " Wolfsfeld (1885-1956)? The avalanche of new the proud statues of antiquity, evoking the At a recent conference in London organised movements and schools since the beginning canvasses of the brothers Le Nain, the French by the Anglo-German Association and attended of our century was roUing over and almost painters of the seventeenth century. by English and German delegates. Lord Ingle- burying the life work of this important and wood, chairman of the association, said that very likeable German-Jewish artist. Menzel But in addition Wolfsfeld was an outstand­ Anglo-German relations had shown "steady and and Leibl were his admired masters. As a ing draughtsman: We have only to look at continuing improvement". He drew, however, boy he had attended Menzel's funeral. Later his moving drawings of the First World War, attention of the conference to one special he himself showed in his own pictures that and he was a wonderful and superbly skilled point "which may seem small when seen etcher. As an example I mention the portrait against the larger picture ...: the interminable simple and austere way of painting so often fiow of war films, documentaries and reports found in painters and writers of the Mark of Professor Gerhards who looks like Karl on television and in other news media". Lord Brandenburg. Liebermann comes to mind. Hauptmann. There is also a masterly portrait Inglewood described as particularly harmful But his work is never brittle or dry. of his first wife. Ilia, now Mrs. Walter, in the war comics, "concentrating far too exclu­ London. sively on violence and atrocities, which are Whoever has known Wolfsfeld personally offered to our young in massive quantity". has experienced his warm-hearted personality, It would be invidious to single out any his deeply felt humanity. Thus we fully under­ individual picture, be it oriental, biblical or stand that more often than not his objects whatever. Go and see them for yourself. JAIL FILMS ON ISRAELI TV Although the ofBcial exhibition was held only are the poor and downtrodden and especially An 8 mm film, said to have been smuggled the Polish Jews before and during the First until April 19, and many works will have out of Russia and showing prisons and hos­ World War. He liked the Jews where they been sold, the Belgrave Gallery will keep the pitals allegedly used by Soiaet authorities to were just "Menschen", exposed to all the ills rest for a time and show examples of Erich imprison and torture Jewish dissidents, was of fate. To me this is one of his most en­ Wolfsfeld's works on request. shown on Israeli TV. Three former Jewisn dearing qualities. As he was so inexplicably activists, now in Israel, identified the build­ ALFONS ROSENBERG ings shown.

IN MEMORIAM GRETE FISCHER Mit Grete Fischer ist eine der eigenwiUigsten und am tiefsten veranlagten Persoeflich- keiten der juedischen Emigration aus Deutschland am 28. Maerz dahingegangen. In Prag am 6. Februar 1893 geboren, wurde sie DUNBEE-COMBEX-MARX zunaechst von dieser Stadt und ihrer unver­ gleichlichen deutsch-juedischen, altoesterreich- isch-boehmischen Geistigkeit gepraegt. Sie war LTD. einer ihrer letzten Vertreter. Hier begann sie zu dichten ,was sie zeitlebens tat, und Ger­ manistik zu studieren, was sie 1917 abge- brochen hat, als sie nach Berlin zog, um selbstaendig zu sein und Prag zu entfliehen, wie so "wele andere deutsch schaffende Schriftsteller. Berlin wurde die zweite sie formende Stadt. Zunaechst war sie Lektorin bei Paul Cassirer, dann bei Ullstein, wo sie besonders fuer den Propylaeen-Verlag arbeitete. Sie schrieb auch viel fuer Ullsteinzeitungen, namentlich Kritiken und vorzugsweise ueber Dunbee House Musik; sie selbst war eine gewandte Geigerin und Kammermusikerin. 1933 veriiess sie Ber­ lin und reiste nach Palaestina. Ein Ergebnis 117 Great Portland Street, dieses Besuches war ihr Buch "Das erlaubte Land". Seit 1933/34 bis zu ihrem Tod blieb London London, W.l ihr staendiger Wohnsitz. Sie widmete sich weiter der Literatur, schrieb auch englisch, so ihr famoses "Bananenbuch" fuer Kmder; wie zuvor uebersetzte sie aus dem Jiddischen und nun auch aus dem Englischen. Ihre deutschen Fassungen der Nonsensegedichte Edward Lears waren ihre Hauptleistung auf Tel: 01-636 8677 diesem Gebiet. Beruflich jedoch wendete sie sich, einer alten Neigung folgend, mit grossen Erfolgen der Erziehung hirngeschaedigter Jugendlicher zu. Aus der Spaetzeit stammen Grams: FLEXATEX LONDON, der Memoirenband "Dienstboten, Brecht und andere" (1966) und der Gedichtband "Die HOUSE OF HALLGARTEN Schuld der Gerechten" (1974),ihre zwei groess­ TELEX. ten und wahrscheinlich bleibenden Leistungen. 53/79 Highgate Road, London, NWS 1RR Im Gemeinschaftsleben der Einwanderer aus Mitteleuropa spielte sie als Vorstandsmit­ INT. TELEX 2-3540 glied des Club 1943 eine fuehrende RoUe. Sie nahm einen besonders taetigen Antetl an der Choose Hallgarten—Choose Fine Wines Programmgestaltung und hielt auch selbst haeufig Vortraege ueber literarische Themen. 'if»!?;»y^;T.'Mi!gg;pBra6 ?gi'awsn^B?y.v i

AJR INFORMATION May 1977 Page 8

Berbert Freeden (Jerusaleni) E. G. Lowenthal TO LIVE IN JERUSALEM... PUBLICATIONS ON GERMAN JEWRY When Golda Meir visited Liberia, the negro is not necessary to love each other in order state in Africa, her charming young com­ to live together in one city—all that is needed BERLIN panion from the Liberian Foreign Office told is mutual acceptance. her that her mother did not believe that A recently published essay by the art his­ Since the unification of the city in 1967, torian. Professor Dr. Peter Bloch (Director of there was a city of Jerusalem with streets and there have been crises and wars elsewhere, the Sculpture Gallery Preussischer Kultur­ houses, because for her Jerusalem was in but in Jerusalem people have co-operated with besitz) on "Grabmaeler in Berlin" (Berliner heaven. Golda Meir replied: "The heavenly each other. When there is a power-cut, Jewish Forum 9/76) also carries references to per­ thing about Jerusalem is that it still exists". and Arab houses alike are in the dark, when sonalities of Jewish origin who are buried in I live in Jerusalem. Can one live in Jeru­ there are fioods they cover Elastern and the St. Matthaeus Cemetery, Berlin-Schoene­ Western districts, and when there is a berg. Among them are the actor Ludwig salem as one lives in London, Paris, Frank­ Dessoir (originally Dessauer; 1810-1874), who furt or Zurich? In Jemsalem the question drought, Jews and Arabs are without water. was a member of the Berliner Schauspielhaus arises: Which Jerusalem do you mean? The People have many common interests, centred from 1849 to 1872; the writer David Kalisch spiritual or the secular Jerusalem, the reli­ on the city. The fact that the system works, (1820-1872) co-founder of the "Kladderadatsch": gious centre for Jews, Christians and Moslems, shows that—outside political ideology—two the architect Alfred Messel (1853-1909), well the capital of Israel, or the Arabian town? nations and three different religions have known by his creations in Berlin and Darm­ been able to live side by side in Jemsalem. stadt; and the "Railway King" Bethel Henry Its name means "Legacy of Peace", but there Strousberg (actually Bamch Hirsch Strauss- is no other city that has been so arduously I live in Jerusalem, and my fellow-citizens berg; 1823-1884), who went bankmpt m 1875. fought for. are priests and car-thieves, bricklayers and The latest volume of "Der Baer," the 25th For many years even its geographical posi­ scholars, beggars and firemen, monks and year book of the "Verein fiir die Geschichte tion was a subject of legend: it was looked shopkeepers, rabbis and road-sweepers, artists Berlins" carries an essay by Dr. Gerhard Upon as umbilicus mundi, the navel of the and public employees, leaders of industry and Kutzsch about "Second Men in the Berlin World. Its very existence contradicts all rules pensioners, professors and profiteers. Some­ Municipality of Berlin," i.e., former deputy times it is possible to forget that this city mayors of Berlin. They include Max Kirschner of geography. It is neither situated on a river (Freiburg/Schlesien 1842 - Berlin 1912), who nor near the sea, it is far away from the great is situated between the past and the present, later became Lord Mayor of the city, and Fritz militarj' reads of the past and the motor roads between the desert and the Promised Land Elsas (Stuttgart/Cannstadt 1890 - K.Z. Sachsen­ of the present, isolated on a mountain range and on hills near the sky. Recently the Jem­ hausen 1945). 800 metres above sea-level. Which sea? In salem police succeeded in arresting a gang The symposium "Berlinische Reminiszen­ fine weather the Mediterranean coast can be of young people who terrorised and black­ zen" (Haude und Spenersche Verlagsbuch­ seen in the West, and the banks of the Dead mailed the owners of discotheques and night­ handlung, Berlin 1975) carries an essay by Sea, linking it with the Red Sea and the clubs. There were Jews and Arabs among Max Mechow about "Die Ost- und West­ them: yet another indication of Jemsalem's preussen in Berlin". Among the first promi­ Indian Ocean, in the East. It is thus situated nent Jews who came to Beriin are the cham­ on a watershed between Europe and Asia. special situation. pion for Jewish emancipation and follower What is life like in Jerusalem? It is often There are some 230,000 Jews in the city, of Moses Mendelssohn, David Friedlaender the same as in other great cities: frustrating 73,000 Moslems and 11,000 Christians. It is (Koenigsberg 1740—Berlin 1834), and the the only city in the world with three days authoress Fanny Lewald (bom in Koenigs­ with wrong telephone connections and traffic berg 1811). Later arrivals include the politi­ jams. Yet people greet each other with of rest, Friday for the Moslems, Saturday for cian and High Court President Eduard von "Shalom"—peace—at all times. the Jews, and Sunday for the Christians, a Simson, the historian of medicine August city venerated by three religions and rooted Hirsch (Danzig 1817—Berlin 1894), the banker Jemsalem is 6,000 years old. 3,000 years in the history of mankind. Under its sky the Carl Fuerstenberg, also born in Danzig, and after its first beginnings. King David made idea of one single God was born, David's the lawyer and Socialist politician Hugo Haase it the capital of the Jewish State. He was cymbal resounded here, and Jesus and Moham­ (bom in Allenstein). The bookseller and pub­ followed by Babylonians and Persians and med walked on its pavements. lisher, Hugo Heimann, who was Social Demo­ I^omans and Arabs and crusaders, Turks and cratic member of the Berlin Municipal Tritons. The city has been burned to the Is it possible to live in Jemsalem unless Assembly and later of the Reichstag, was Sround and rebuilt, reduced to cinder and one is an angel or a saint or a prophet? It bom in Konitz in 1859; he died an emigrant re-erected—and it has always risen again from is much more difficult to be a mere human in New York in 1950. the ashes. being, and this does not only apply to Mechow also mentions the architect Erich Jerusalem. If I am asked how I spend my (Eric) Mendelsohn, who was brought up in Many nations fought for Jemsalem, but only life, I say that I work and rest, I meet friends Allenstein and died in San Francisco in 1853, '^ne, the Jews, wept for it. To this day, Jews and spend week-ends in the neighbouring hills. and the producer and director of the State all over the world fast on the anniversary I get annoyed about political issues and look Theatre, Leopold Jessner (Koenigsberg 1878— ^i the destruction of the Temple, and at forward to concerts. There is a lot of music Los Angeles 1945). Jewish weddings the groom must crush a about. Slass, remembering the splendour of the RHINELAND-PALATINATE Temple that was destroyed. Jemsalem is a city like many others, and yet totally different. I live in Jerusalem. And The sixth volume of the documentation of 1 live in Jerusalem myseK. During the day, I should not like to live anywhere else. the history of the regional Jewish population |nere is a lot of noise—cars and buses and (sponsored by the Landesarchiwerwaltung °arrow-boys joining in everywhere. At night, Rhineland-Palatinate) carries statistics about •however, there is silence. There is no other PLANS FOR JEWISH OLYMPICS the former geographical distribution of Jews ^% as silent as Jerusalem at night. Some­ In July, the Tenth Maccabiah Games—the in the territory. The figures reveal that in times there is a wind from the desert in the all-Jewish Olympiad—will be held in Israel. the course of the last quarter of the 19th East—dry, warm and full of sand-dust. It century the number of Jewish residents in They will be opened by President Katzir. about 200 smaller places constantly decreased, JiTitates everybody. Drivers become even more More than 2,500 athletes from 30 countries whereas their number in the towns remained 'mpolite, surgeons cancel operations, every- will compete in 25 sports. static or even grew. ~pdy is on edge. Eventually evening envelops "THE LAST OF THE POLISH JEWS" "^ city. A poet said once that the evening HAMBURG envelops Jerusalem like a dark cool blanket. A 70-minute documentary film "The Last of . Now and then a bomb is planted by terror­ the Polish Jews" which has Simon Wiesenthal In his latest biography of Hamburg person­ ists and explodes and people are killed and as narrator, was given its British premiere at alities of Jewish origin, Erich Lueth deals with "Maimed. But does this not also happen in the Thames Film Festival organised by the the Hamburg Mayor Ferdinand Haller (1805- National Union of Students. It shows the fate 1875). Haller was a member of the Senate j^ondon and Paris? Whatever history will of 25,000 JevfS and half-Jews who were forced from 1844 onwards and repeatedly held the emember of our present time, it is a fact to leave Poland in the wake of the Six-Day War. office of Mayor during the years between 1863 hat for a decade there has been some kind Many of them found refuge and new homes and 1873. He was particularly successful in ^f co-existence between the citizens of Jem- in Denmark. As most of the practising Jews the field of economics and also as a promoter 31ein, the Jews, the Mohammedans and the had been killed by the Nazis, those surviving of the City's social and technical developments. ^nristians, the Arabs and the Israelis. Jews were often scarcely aware of their Jewishness During his student days in Heidelberg, he was and wholly Polish in their loyalties. They did a close friend of Gabriel Riesser who was later .^t in Arab restaurants, Arabs consult Jewish not want to go to Israel, but their only escape to become one of the foremost champions for ^octors. The streets are swept for all citizens, from persecution was to apply for visas to the emancipation of the Jews. Haller himself ^^ the schools are open to all children. It Israel. had been baptised as a child.- Page 10 AJR INFORMATION May 1977 AJR GENERAL MEETING Letters to the Editor HISTORY OF GERMAN-JEWISH Tuesday, May 17 REFUGEES IN SCOTLAND As readers will have seen from the an­ Dr. F. E. Falk (Vice-chairman), Mr. L. Spiro Sir,—I am at present engaged in research nouncement published on page seven of this (Treasurer), Mrs S. Taussig (General Secre­ work on the history of German-Jewish refu­ issue, this year's Annual General Meeting will tary), Dr. W. Rosenstock (Director), Mrs. R. gees in Scotland, especially in the Glasgow be held on Tuesday, May 17, at 7.45 p.m. in Anderman, Mr. S. Bischheim (Trustee), Mr. area. I am therefore anxious to get in touch the Hall of Hannah Karminski House (side A. S. Dresel, Mr. C. F. Flesch, Mr. 0. E. Frank­ with any refugees through whose help I might entrance), 9 Adamson Road, Swiss Cottage, lyn (Trustee), Mr. E. K. Heyman, Dr. A. R. gain first hand knowledge of their experi­ Horwell (Tnistee), Dr. E. A. Lomnitz, Mr. ences. Their information will, of course, be N.W.3. treated with the strictest confidence. As in previous years, the business of the E. A. Sonnenberg. AGM will be followed by a talk on a subject It is also proposed to elect as new Executive I am attached to Heriot-Watt University, connected with the wider issues of our day-to­ members Mr. M. Kochmann and Dr. Laura Edinburgh, and to Heidelberg University. day activities. We are very pleased that the Stein. RAINER KOELMEL Executive Director of the Jewish Welfare 28 Scotland Street, Board: It is proposed to re-elect the follow­ Edinburgh EH3 6PX Board, Mr. Melyyn Carlowe has agreed to ing members of the present Board: Mrs. O. address the Meeting on "New Trends in Social (Mr Koelmel has repeatedly been in touch Albrecht, Mr. R. Apt, Miss M. Babington, with us in connection with our research on Work". The AJR has constantly co-operated Mrs. A. Berent, Mrs. R. Berlin, Dr. J. Bondi, with Mr. Carlowe and his colleagues on the Dr. W. Breslauer, Rabbi I. Broch, Mr. F. the general history of the Central European Welfare Board. The relationship has become Dannen, Dr. W. Dux, Dr. R. Elton, Dr. H. Feld, immigration to this country. The AJR en­ even closer since the establishment of the Dr. A. Fleiss, Mrs. A. Fleiss, Dr. H. G. dorses Mr Koelmel's scheme, because any Central Council for Jewish Social Services, of Francken, Mr. R. J. Friedmann, Mrs. Elisabeth monograph which deals in depth "with one which Mr. Carlowe is the Joint Secretary and Goldschmidt, Dr. Ema Goldschmidt, Mr. R. particular aspect of the vast subject is to be to which the AJR is affiliated. It is the object Graupner, Sir Ludwig Guttmann, Mr. S. F. welcomed.—The Ed.) of this Council to pool experience between the Hallgarten, Mrs. G. Hamburg, Mr. E. Hay­ various Jewish welfare organisations and to mann, Mr. Herbert M. Hirsch, Mrs. Susanne GLUECKEL VON HAMELIN MEMOIRS avoid duplication of work. In his talk, Mr. Horwell, Mrs. M. Jacoby, Dr. A. Kaufmann, Sir,—When David Kaufmann, in 1896, edited Carlowe will, among other things, deal with Mr. E. C. Kent, Mrs. F. Kochmann, Rabbi the famous Yiddish memoirs of Glueckel of problems of accommodation, ranging from Jakob J. Kokotek, Dr. H. Lawton, Miss J. Lee, Hamelin (Glikl Hamel, 1646-1724), he had sheltered flatlets to Homes for the Infirm. He Dr. Rita Lehmann, Dr. G. Leon, Dr. F. Levy, two handwritten copies of the memoirs at will also describe measures for the benefit of Mr. A. Lieberman, Dr. Julius Loeb, Mrs. Ilse Loewenthal, Dr. E. G. Lowenthal, Dr. E. his disposal. One of them, then in Eugen those who want to retain their independence Merzbacher's collection in Munich, is now t» in private accommodation and yet need care Magnus, Mrs. M. Mautner, Mr. H. C. Mayer, of one kind or another. In the administrative Mrs. Gabriele Meyer, Mrs. L. Meyer, Dr. L. the Stadtbibliothek Frankfurt/Main. The other, sphere there are also new trends with regard Nelken, Dr. H. Neufeld, Mr. E. Plaut, Mrs. M. formerly owned by Theodor Hecht, of Frank­ to the relationship between lay leaders and Pottlitzer, Mr. W. R. Powell, Dr. Eva Reich­ furt/Main, is now missing and badly needed professional welfare workers. Mr. Carlowe's mann, Dr. E. Reifenberg (Gabriele Tergit), for research work. talk and the ensuing discussion will certainly Mr. J. Sachs, Mrs. Charlotte Salzberger, We would therefore be grateful to any of make the Meeting an interesting function, and Mr. F. Samson, Dr. H. G. Sandheim, Mrs. Ruth your readers, who might be able to help^ we hope that we may welcome many of our Schneider, Mrs. D. Segall, Dr. W. Selig, in tracing either descendants/heirs of Theodor members on that occasion. Mr. P. E. Shields, O.B.E., Mr. Julius Strauss, Hecht or the missing manuscript itself or to Mr. G. Streat, Mr. G. L. Tietz. Dr. U. Tietz, give some information about the fate of the The talk by Mr. Carlowe will be preceded Mrs. Eva Trent, Dr. Valerie Wills, Dr. by reports on the activities and finances of the Charlotte Wittelshoefer, Mr. F. S. Worms, latter. „., AJR and the election of the AJR Executive Mr. H. Wreschner. Dr. GUENTER MARWEDEL and Board members. The following election Institut fuer die Geschichte der proposals are submitted by the Executive: It is proposed to elect as new Board mem­ Deutschen Juden Committee of Management (Executive): It bers Mrs. Berta Kanter and Mrs. Alice Schwab. Rothenbaumchaussee 7, is proposed to re-elect the following members The Board also includes representatives of 2 Hamburg 13, of the Executive: Mr. C. T. Marx (Chairman), the Provincial groups. German Federal Republic.

FAMILY EVENTS Landau. — Mrs. Charlotte Landau Miscellaneous INTELLIGENT YOUNG man, ^^ (nde Fuchs), widow of the late possible professional, 30-35, witn Entries in the column Family Leopold Landau (of Breslau), REVLON MANICURIST / PEDI- matrimony in mind, could mee^ CURIST. WUl visit your home. my friend, a very attractive bi­ Events are free of charge; any lately resident of Heinrich Stahl 01445 2915. House, passed away on March 22, lingual secretary. Box 657. voluntary donation would, how­ at the age of 83. Sadly missed by ever, be appreciated. Texts should GERMAN AND OTHER EURO­ YOUNG MAN, aged 29, above her son, daughter-in-law, grand­ PEAN pictures and prints wanted; average intelligence, non-Orthodox, be sent in by the 15th of the children and niece. nothing too small to be viewed. non-smoking, enjoys walking/clas­ month. Distance no object. Opinion freely sical music, wishes to meet simiwr, Landsberg. — Mrs. Martha Lands­ given. Box 658. slightly younger girl — preferably berg, of 1 Priory Court, 47 Shep­ London area. Box 656. Birth herds Hill, Highgate, N.6, died Accommodation Wanted Mars.—On March 17, at University peacefully in her 84th year on March 21. Sadly missed by her INFORMATION REQUIRED College Hospital, London, to Mike MIDDLE-AGED COUPLE would and Helen (n6e Gmndmann) a daughter, Ursel, son, John, and family and many friends. like the use of two rooms with Personal Enquiries son, Daniel Paul. First grandchild kitchen and bath for approx. one for Margaret and Ralph Grand- year as pied-a-terre, St. John's Leighton-Feblowicz. — Would any mann, of Elston, Newark, Notts. Porges. — Miss Edith Porges died Wood or Swiss Cottage area, and member of the family Leighton- in Osmond House on April 20. offer in exchange for same period Feblo'wicz, formerly of 22 Wolsej Deaths self-contained two-room fiat with Road, Moor Park, Northwooo. kitchen and bath in modem block please contact Mrs. B. Lowenberg Dukes.—Ilse Dukes passed away on CLASSIFIED near sea, in Brighton/Hove. Alter­ of 2 Amberden Avenue, London, N3 3BJ, for the return of some April 14 after a long illness bravely The charge in these columns is native renting of accommodation borne. Sadly missed by Irma and without exchange would be accept­ personal documents. Ernest Lindley and other friends. 25p for five words plus 20p for able.—Box 655. advertisements under a Box No. Ollendorff. — Any descendants ol Robert Ollendorff, who was born Gerber.—Mr. H. L. Gerber, chiro­ Personal in Rawicz in 1823 and died .^ podist, of 59 Paddock Road, Lon­ Situations Vacant Breslau in 1876, and of his wife don, N.W.2, much loved husband, WE ARE A SMALL FIRM of ATTRACTIVE LADY in early Seraphine (nde Bandmann), are father and papa, passed away importers and distributors, based forties would like to meet edu­ asked to get in touch with Gooar peacefully on March 24. in Acton, London, W3, and are cated gentleman between 40-50 win & Knipe, solicitors, 204 PoTto- currently expanding our section of years with view to friendship and bello Road, London, W.ll, in con; GIneck. — Mrs. Melitta Glueck industrial components. We seek a marriage. Widower or divorcd pre­ nection with the estate of the lai^ (bom Vienna), beloved mother, person with sound commercial and ferred. Box 654. Kate Becher (nee Ollendorff). passed away peacefully on March administrative experience, pre­ 16 in her 90th year. A founder- ferably with some engineering WIDOW in the 60s, independent, Szinberger. — Ilse Szinberger. member of the Ilford and District background, knowledge of German no relatives, comfortable home, daughter of owner of shoe sbov Wizo. Sadly missed by her two essential, to work closely with our would like to meet gentleman for Paga, Vienna, Taborstrasse, /f sons, Karl and Frangois, and many M.D. Salary negotiable. Apply with companionship. Please reply giv­ wanted by Blanca Fischer-Curtn" friends. C.V. Box 659. ing telephone number. Box 653. Phone 01-942 8079. AJR INFORMATION May 1977 Page 11

DR. FREDDY HIMMELWEIT OBITUARY Dr. Freddy Himmelweit, the eminent virolo­ gist and bacteriologist, has died, aged 74. He LIZA FUCHSOVA DR. STEFANIE FELSENBURG was bom in Hanover and studied bacteriology The Czech-bom pianist, Liza Fuchsova, died Dr. Stefanie Felsenburg who has died, at Berlin University. He came to Britain as a on Febmary 27 in London at the age of 63. aged 74, came to this country on a domestic refugee in 1933, gained a Ph.D. at London She frequently appeared on the concert plat­ permit m 1939. Two years later she went to University and afterwards the M.R.C.P. and form and for the BBC, being much in demand Bloomsbury as a consultant psychiatrist. She F.R.C.P. (membership and fellowship of the for her authentic performances of Smetana persuaded the Jewish Board of Guardians to Royal College of Physicians) at Edinburgh. and Dvorak. For some years she was pianist open three hostels for mentally disturbed He worked with Sir Almroth Wright, the in the Dumka trio and in later years she was borderline cases, mainly young people, and bacteriologist, and became director of virus also a highly appreciated teacher. She fre­ looked after them in addition to her profes­ research at the Wright-Fleming Institute, quently gave concerts in aid of Jewish good sional work at Friem Bamet Mental Hospital. St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. From 1966 causes. She also did voluntary work for "Alcoholics to 1973, after retirement, he was research Anonymous". After her retirement, she went fellow at the biochemistry department of MARTIN SOBOTKER to evening classes and took "A" levels in Imperial College of Science and Technology Martin Sobotker, who played an important French, German and English. and worked with Professor Sir Emst Chain, part in the German-Jewish youth movement the Nobel Prize-winner on the application of in Berlin, died in New York in his 78th year. MISS GRETE SONNENBERG Interferon to virus diseases. He pioneered the For many years, he was one of the most Miss Grete Sonnenberg recently died in her introduction of an influenza vaccine. From infiuential leaders of the Deutsch-Juedische 84th year. Her life story is typical of many 1942 to 1945 he was honorary bacteriologist of Jugend-Gemeinschaft (DJJG). He was also Jews from Germany who had found refuge in the Czechoslovak Red Cross, and after the war head of the Berlin Landesverband of Jewish Britain. Having worked as a secretary in he received a professorship at Frankfurt Uni­ youth organisation and, from 1933 onwards, her home town of Hanover, she was for many versity. To mark his 70th birthday, his family principal of the youth department of the years a domestic in this country. Later, endowed a scholarship in his name at the Berlin Jewish community. In New York, he she joined the staff of URO and of the AJR, was executive director of the congregation where she was in charge of the so-called Haifa Technion. His widow. Dr. Hilde Himmel­ "Habonim", founded by German-Jewish im­ Revolving Fund. After the settlement of her weit, professor of social psychology at the migrants. Though officially he retired from compensation claims she was granted a London School of Economics, whom he mar­ this position a few years ago, he continued carefree life in retirement. Her strong sense ried in 1940 (they were the first couple to be to look after the well-being of "his" congre­ of solidarity is refiected in her decision to married at Cambridge University Synagogue), gation. He will be remembered with particular leave part of her assets to the Belsize Square is widely known for a number of research pro­ gratitude by his numerous former comrades Synagogue and to the AJR. A modest and jects she has undertaken in recent years. His in the youth movement, now spread all over unassuming person, she will be remembered daughter, Susa, is lecturer of economics at the worid. with affection by all who knew her. Birkbeck College, London.

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BesztiOnK Magyarui N.W.II (next to Post Office) Security and continuity ef manaaement 17 Parsifal Road, London, 01-455 8673 assured bv N.W.6. Wy spreken Hollandsh Mrs. A. Wolff & Mrs. H. Wolff (Jnr) We also speak English 3 Hemstal Road, London, Tel.: 01-435 5856 & 8565 NW6 2AB. Tel.: 01-624 8521 EDGWARE NURSING THE DORICE HOME Continental Cuisine—Licensed COLDWELL RESIDENTIAL HAMPSTEAD HOUSE 36-38 Orchard Drive, Edgwarv, 169a Finchley Road, N.W.S 12 Lyndhurst Gardens, N.W.3 HOTEL MMdx. (624 6301) for the elderly, retired and slightly DIETS AND NURSING Registered with the Borough of PARTIES CATERED FOR handicapped. Luxurious accom­ SERVICES AVAILABLE Barnet and staffed In accordance modation, central heating through­ Lovely Large Terrace & Gardens with their regulations. Very Quiet Position. BELSIZE SQUARE GUEST out. H/c in all rooms, lift to all We provide full nursing care for floors, colour TV, lounge and North Finchley, near Woodhouse the sick elderiy and for the HOUSE Grammar School. 24 BELSIZE SQUARE, N.W.3 comfortable dining room, pleasant chronically ill of all ages. Tel.: 01-794 4307 or 01-435 2557 gardens. Kosher food. Modest MRS. COLDWELL Matron: Miss K. McAteer MODERN SELF-CATERING HOLIDAY terms. Enquiries: 11 Fenstanton Avenue, ROOMS. RESIDENT HOUSEKEEPER London, N.12 Tel: 01-958 8196 MODERATE TERMS. NEAR SWISS COTTAGE STATION 01-452 9768 or 01-794 6037 Tel.: 01-445 0061 SWISS COTTAGE HOTEL "AVENUE LODGE" GROSVENOR NURSING HOME THURLOW LODGE 4 Adamson Road, (Licensed by the London Borough of Licensed by the Borough of Camden London, N.W.3 Barnet) for the elderly, retired and slightly Luxurious and comfortable home. handicapped. Luxurious accom­ Tel. : 01-722 2281 Golders Green, N.W.II Retired, post-operative, convales­ modation. Centrally heated, hot Beautifully appointed—all modem NORTH-WEST LONDON'S EXCLUSIVE cent and medical patients cared and cold water in all rooms, lift comforts. HOME FOR THE ELDERLY AND for. Long or short term stays. to all floors, colour television 1 minute from Swiss Cottage Tube Station RETIRED Under supervision both day and lounge and comfortable dining i( Luxurious single and double rooms night by a qualified nursing team. room, kosher cuisine. Pleasant with tolephone. Well furnished single or double gardens. Resident S.R.N, in atten­ "k Principal rooins with bathroom en LUGGAGE HANDBAGS, UMBRELLAS AND suite. rooms. Lift to all floors. A spaci­ dance. 24 hours supervision. ous colour TV loungo and dining Single rooms from £40-00 p.w. ALL LEATHER GOODS * Lounge wltb colour TV. room, excellent kosher cuisine. "k Kosher cuisine. Ring for appointment: TRAVEL GOODS ^ Loveljr gardens—easy paridng. Please telephone Matron for full 01-794 7305 or 01-452 9768 H. FUCHS 267 West End Uns, N.W.S "k Day and night nursing. details. 01-203 2692/01-452 0515 11-12 Thuriow Road, Please telephone the Matron, 01-455 0800 85-87 Fordwych Road, N.W.2. London, N.W.S. Phone 435 2602 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION May 1977 THEATRE AND CULTURAL NEWS ISRAEL WOMEN'S PARTY IN ELECTIONS Twelve women were nominated as candidates Tel Aviv. Israel does not lag behind English- LQli Palmer has added a second volume to in the elections for the "Women's Party" speaking countries in staging contemporary her bestseller "Dicke Lilli, gutes Kind" founded by Marcia Freedman, an American plays; Slade's "Same time next year" (at the (which last year was issued in Britain under immigrant. Its programme pledges to help Bimot Theatre) was skilfully adapted to the title "Lobster Quadrille"). The new book, women achieve greater satisfaction and de­ Israeli conditions, "Equus" was praised for mands "essential service" for prostitutes and published by Droemer-Knaur Verlag, Munich, professional status, pensions and insurance for presenting the required stage nudity "in a is called "Der rote Rabe", and deals with housewives. It wants the army to cancel cos­ decent way", and "Moon Children" by the the years when the authoress lived and metics and home economics courses and extend American author Michael Weiler (dealing worked in London; it is well written, with a the compulsory service for women to the same with American student life) pulled many good measure of excellent, sometimes self- length as that of men. young people back into the auditorium of deriding humour. FLOWERS FOR EXPORT the living theatre. More than 170 million fresh flowers have Berlin. The 1977 German "Theatertreflen" Birthdays. Zarah Leander, bom in Sweden, already been sold this season to Europe and is to be held there from May 3 to 23. Among discovered in Vienna, from where her almost North America. They are picked late at night the productions selected for the occasion are legendary song "Gebimdene Haende" went and sold by florist abroad the following day. such old favourites as Ibsen's "Hedda Gabler" around Europe, has attained the age of 70. The United States and Canada alone have Wilhelm Borchert, member of the Berlin taken up over 3 million and by the end of the (Schauspielhaus Bochum under Peter Zadek), season, this export will have eamed nearly "Medea" (Schauspielhaus Frankfurt), and Schiller and Schlosspark Theater, and remem­ £15 million for Israel. bered for his most impressive portraying of "Faust I and 11" (Wuerttembergisches Staats­ MORE AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS theater, Stuttgart). Wallenstein, "Fuhrmann Henschel" and—later —Sauerbruch in the film of that name, In 1975 only 842 American Jews settled in Im Weissen Roessl (and elsewhere) at St. celebrated his 70th birthday and his SOth Israel, in 1976 their number rose to 2,334, i.e. Wolfgang, Upper Austria, a Robert Stolz year on the German stage. by 177 per cent. Festival will take place from May 2 to 18. PASSOVER TOURIST BOOM Obituary. Isy Geiger who died at the age El Al had to put on an extra 12 flights 50 Years ago was the aate when the first of 90, was amongst the best-known band­ to accommodate tourists from Britain who Jazz opera "Johnny spielt auf", by Ernst leaders of pre-war Austria, and one of the spent the Passover in Israel. Bookings were Krenek, appeared on the scene. After a world pioneers in the early 'Twenties when radio up 40 per cent on last year. premiere in Leipzig in 1927, the opera was concerts began at the Vienna Radio station PRAISE FOR ISRAELI TANK performed two years later at the Metropoli­ RAVAG. In London, he and his band be­ An American tank warfare expert, Mr. K. tan Opera House, New York, with Michael came very popular with the BBC for which S. Brower, wrote in the Washington "Armed Bohnen and Friedrich Schorr in the cast. he played for over 20 years, and his open Forces Joumal" that the new Israeli "Chariot" Schorr, Hungarian bom and, during the air concerts in Battersea Pleasure Gardens tank was the only true innovation in tank 'Twenties, considered one of the greatest were enjoyed by thousands. He was active design for decades. If such a tank was hit in Wagner baritones (Cologne, Prague, Berlin), battle, it would not be destroyed, but become until one month before his death in early stationary and could either be repaired in a was a member of the New York Met. until spring this year. few hours or act as a practically invulnerable 1943; he died in 1953 in Farmington, Con­ pillbox. Mr. Brower estimates that some 300- necticut. S.B. 400 such tanks are being produced per year.

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