A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED

Part 3: illustrative masterplan

Page 31 and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement 19. A Vision for Anfield and Breckfield

In which we describe the development of the masterplan based on the historical value of the site and its potential to fulfil the vision as set out by the partners in the introduction

As we described in the earlier part of this spaces and a mix of houses, shops and a loss of housing. However we document, Anfield was one of a band of local facilities. This vision can be broken have sought to maintain reasonable terraced neighbourhoods built around down into the following elements:- densities to ensure that the area as a reaction to the slums of remains active and there is enough previous generations. The area has been A range of housing: A diversifica- people to support local shops and a lively, successful urban neighbourhood tion of residential accommodation services. The scheme therefore for over 100 years and retains today a to broaden the housing choices in replaces the proposed 1,800 demo- strong and coherent community. the area. This includes larger family litions with 1,300 new homes. However change is required to homes, semi detached properties address the housing market weakness and apartments alongside the ter- A comprehensive green space that has developed in the area with the races in the area. strategy: It is clear that the lack of poor housing conditions and the lack of amenity space is one of the issues amentity space. This change is required Retail consolidation: The contrac- that most concerns local people, over large parts of inner Liverpool and tion of retailing units on Walton yet there is also fear that open HMR is an important opportunity to Breck Road and Oakfield Road by spaces attract young people and reshape these areas and in doing so to replacing outdated retail units with anti-social behaviour. At the heart of reshape the city of Liverpool. new mixed use facilities. the plan is therefore a open space In the last 20 years new housing network based on sinuous spaces, development in Liverpool has done lit- Community involvement: As overlooked by adjacent housing tle to grasp this opportunity. Too often described in the previous section, to give the neighbourhood a green urban housing has been replaced with the vision is a redevelopment for character of secure public realm cul-de-sacs and houses that turn their the existing community and de- backs on the streets. This may produce signed with their full involvement to This vision will see Anfield and Breck- desirable housing but it undermines the encourage the future growth of the field emerge as an attractive residential quality and diversity of the urban fabric area for current and new members location in Liverpool. Together with the creating streets and spaces that are not of the community. other HMR areas it will provide a model overlooked and so become a target for for the future redevelopment of the city, anti-social behaviour. Futureproofing: A masterplan that to improve housing conditions while The vision for Anfield and Breck- takes account of adjacent regen- maintaining the best of urban Liverpool. field is to create housing as attractive as eration schemes and development These new neighbourhoods will have recent suburban schemes in a layout that proposals (such as the football diverse housing and tenures to cater for builds on the best urban characteristics ground plans) but is not dependant people at different stages of life alongside of the area. A layout with a clear defini- on their delivery. a combination of local amenities and tion between public space at the front larger shopping facilities nearby. of houses and private space at the rear A critical mass of activity: Inevita- with attractive streets and generous open bly the redevelopment will involve

Page 32 A report for KeepmoatLiverpool Council Partnerships and Keepmoat by URBED Partnerships by URBED 20. The Illustrative Masterplan

In which we visually depict the principles that underpin the masterplan

As described in Part 2 of the report, exhibition. Common themes emerged the Masterplan was developed as an from the event and the final plan shown iterative community-led process where on this page is a combination of op- key community members were actively tions from the workshop that have involved in the evolution and problem been designed indicatively by URBED. solving process that occurs as part of This plan is discussed and described masterplanning. An initial workshop in more detail on the following pages. created ideas that were then tested This plan is not to scale. on the wider community through the

Page 33 Anfield and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement 21. Development Parameters Plan

In which we highlight the key areas and impacts on the site

The plan to the right is called a devel- opment parameters plan, it broadly highlights key features, uses and their distribution within the proposed scheme. The key is at the bottom of the page with the plan to the right. The plan is not to scale.

Page 34 A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED 22. The Numbered Block Plan

In which we assign blocks in the masterplan a number sequence for ease of description in later sections

The plan to the left is identical to the Development Parameters plan but has each urban block numbered so that particular issues pertinent to individual blocks or sections of the masterplan can be highlighted and discussed clearly and accurately in the following chapters. The plan is not to scale.

Page 35 Anfield and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement 23. Figure Ground Plan

In which we analyse the built form of the proposed masterplan

The illustrative masterplan has certain adjacent to the Granton area of the key features that can be unpacked and scheme. The masterplan also seeks to explained through urban design analy- retain a degree of legibility by echoing sis. the continous frontage form that is dis- tinctive to this richly historic Victorian Figure Ground Plan: On the left is area or - in the case of Robson Street the figure ground plan, a plan which - a result of proposed redevelopment highlights the built form of the area. in the area. Thus the major routes of The illustrative masterplanned area Oakfield Road and Walton Breck Road (signified in red) stands out from the and Robson Street have strong urban surrounding context since it maximises forms. The hatched areas are the Arena the amount of private space available Elderly Village, the existing Primary inside the urban blocks. This contrasts School and its site and the proposed against the tight terraced form that Red Cafe building, schemes that sit dominates the surrounding Big Trian- within the masterplan but are being led gle and Rockfield areas and the more by other key stakeholders in the area. suburban forms of the Grizedale estate

Blocks maximising internal space (left) and tight terraces that dominate Anfield and Breckfield (right) Page 36 A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED 24. Road Heirarchy

In which we discuss the heirarchy of the proposed masterplan

The street hierarchy that we have the green spines that Granton Street developed as part of the masterplan is intersects. based upon three types of streets: Tertiary Street (green): The remainder High streets (red): The most impor- of the streets will be designed with tant of these is Walton Breck/Oakfield home zone principles (except for the Road. This route has a large range of roads that run each side of the green facilities, is the natural neighbourhood spines which will be one way) where centre and has public transport links pedestrians have priority. These will to city centre and other areas. This, be narrower still (12m) and will be and the other high streets, take most intimate spaces with possible traffic of the through traffic for the neigh- treatments of shared surfaces, (rather bourhood. These streets are prone than pavements and kerbs) some street to congestion however and there are trees and on street parking. They will rat running problems that have led be used primarily for local access. to many amendments being made to Home zone principles are discussed in road access in the area. Future plans greater detail in a later section. should seek to keep traffic using these main thoroughfares and not encourage Parking strategy: The level of parking over use of the new housing environ- proposed as part of the masterplan ments as potential journey shortening seeks to strike a balance between the cut throughs. The design and width excesses of matchday with the needs of the high streets should also ensure for permeability. Residential parking is that traffic does not adversely affect provided at 100% across the scheme. adjacent buildings but allows ample This includes a combination of in-curti- opportunity for passing trade from lage parking within the ground floor motor bound traffic as well as local of town houses, on street and within pedestrian traffic. courtyards.

Secondary streets (yellow): The Elderly Village Access: The masterp- routes shown on the plan will carry lan indicates intended routes through traffic into each part of the site. These the scheme; a vehicular and pedestrian will therefore be designed as roads ca- route between Maritime lodge and the pable of accommodating a reasonable Arena scheme and an unbroken pedes- amount of traffic but will be narrower trian access route between (15m) than the high streets. Consider- Court and the Elderly Village. ing the proximity to a large football and future complex this road will have to be calmed accordingly along its length and specifically around

Page 37 Anfield and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement 25. Public Open Spaces Plan

In which we analyse the open spaces within the pro- posed masterplan

Open Spaces: The masterplan seeks dynamic views and promote pedestrian to maximise both the private and access and local uses ahead of traffic public open spaces through the use flowing through the area at peak times. of urban design. The internal spaces Each greeen space is a key feature of each block are secure by design that provides a focal point for each but communal spaces are key in the neighbourhood within the masterplan establishment of sustainable commu- area. The spaces help distinguish the nities, hence the provision within the surrounding housing and give unique Anfield and Breckfield masterplan. character with specific design and fa- The masterplan has a total of 1.8 cilities. This will create an overall image hectares of public open space pro- of Anfield and Breckfield as a green and posed which is evenly distributed lush area as opposed to a dense and across the entire scheme to ensure harsh one. an equality of access and to encour- The proposed public open spac- age eco-diversity within the area. The es, their play strategies and potential open space is designed to enhance planting are explored in further detail permeability and access through the in the Open Space Strategy on the next site and to strategically break with the pages. existing street grid of the area to create

Public open space in dense city areas (left) can feel as spacious and expansive as vast parks (right) Page 38 A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED 26. Open Space Strategy

In which we describe the aims of the open space strategy, the hierarchy of public and private spaces

In accordance with Liverpool City Coun- purple in the autumn. It is used in the for local people to use and enjoy. By the cil's Unitary Development Plan Chapters Acer campestre, common hedge maple, perfume industry, medicinally and com- age of 9 children are looking towards 7and 8 on ecology and biodiversity this has attractive shaped leaves of bright mercially as flavouring. more challenging opportunities than safe scheme desires to undertake landscap- green that turn yellow then red in autumn. equipped play areas can offer. Bored ing in an ecologically sensitive manner It is good for nesting birds and very well Sorbus aucuparia/aria or Rowan is a adolescents can be blamed for anti- and encourage the creation of wildlife suited to wildlife hedging. medium growing tree with white flowers social behaviour, vandalism, drug/drink corridors within the Anfield and Breckfield in the spring and dark green leaves turn- problems. For example, trim rails and area. Given the isolated urban location Ailanthus altissima, known as tree of ing yellow then red in autumn. Fruits are Zoom Zone Senior contains many pieces, and surrounding dominance of non-na- heaven or sumac can reach 80 feet edible bright orange red berries used in which appeals greatly to older children tive vegetation, it seems unnecessary to when mature and is good for nesting jam or preserves. because of the difficult, and challenging use only native species when considering birds. In late spring, clusters of small, elements they contain. Street furniture the 1.8 hectares of open space provided yellow-green flowers appear near the Hamamelis mollis or chinese witch hazel designed and created locally can cre- by the scheme. Of more importance is tips of branches. All parts of the tree, is a deciduous shrub with yellow and ate a sense of belonging. For example, the need to provide interest in colour and especially the flowers, have a strong orange leaves in winter. It has clusters of benches designed and made locally in form, structural diversity, food (berries odour like peanuts or cashews. large, fragrant, bright coppery flowers on Hulme by local artists and and nectar), nest sites and shelter for bare stems in December and January. craftspeople have suffered no vandal- wildlife. This can still be provided by us- Arbutus unedo or strawberry tree is good ism since their installation in 2000 in the ing horticultural varieties but they should for foraging and nesting birds. It has Consultation with local people is vital Hulme Park. be selected to provide berries and flowers shrubby evergreen leaves with red brown at an early stage in planning any tree over a long period. Selection of “double bark and glossy mid green leaves with planting. It’s not just a matter of ‘win- Another successful example of local in- flowered” varieties will be avoided, as small white flowers in pendant panicles. ning people over to your point of view’, volvement in the regeneration of housing insects are unable to access nectar in Its fruits are edible. but allowing locals to take a real part in and the collaboration of local artists is the these types of flowers. putting forward ideas, forming plans and ‘Sign of Life’ project in 1994 supported Crataegus monogyna, the hawthorn is taking a practical part in planting and by the North British Housing Association Planting good for over 150 of insect’s species. management. and North West Arts. Forty eight stone Normally, it is good practice to create The fruits called ‘haws’ provide winter carved panels where embedded into the layers of trees, shrubs and ground- food for many birds, including thrushes, Tree protection is an important part of walls of houses and flats along with two cover, but given the concerns raised by fieldfares and redwings. tree planting in many sites, and must be benches in an interior courtyard. Local residents regarding anti social behaviour planned carefully form the outset. Tree tenants selected two artists from Man- and possible vandalism, it seems prudent Fraxinus excelsior, the ash is native to protection materials are expensive and chester and Liverpool, one to design the to suggest that the planting will mostly Britain. It is one of the last trees to burst often cost more than the trees them- symbols to communicate to present and consist of trees. Careful selection of into leaf with dark green leaves turning selves. Proper public consultation and future generations something about the species should enhance the use of the yellow in autumn. Its seeds hang in appropriate planting design is likely to time in which it was created and another area by wildlife though, in what is now clusters and fall spinning down shaped be more effective than fencing or other artist to carve the ‘Signs of Life’ into an ecologically poor area according to like little leaves. protection against people. Portland stone using the old tradition of the research done by the consultants stone sculpture. All designs have been preparing the Environmental Scoping Liquidambar styraciflula, the sweetgum Play Provision chosen by the tenants to reflect thoughts report. Some examples of suitable tree tree has scented flowers and its leaves The other aspect of the open space will and ideas about new homes, new hopes species for this scheme would be: turn bright orange through to red and be the play provision that have facilities and new aspirations.

Page 39 Anfield and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement

• LEAPs: These are smaller Sensitive and participatory design can Local Equipped Areas of Play (LEAPs). help with the creation and maintenance These can be located in either of of attractive and useful open spaces the green spines or the pocket park within a community. Obviously one of configurated spaces. These will include the factors involved in the detailed de- equipped play areas but without games sign process should be the presence of areas. The location of these play areas Liverpool FC and thus all plans should has to allow the entire site being within present open space that will be designed 400m of an equipped play area. against overspill parking on matchdays for inbound traffic. • LAPs: There can also be Local Areas of Play (LAPs) throughout the At this stage specific facility and planting scheme positioned in any of the green placement remains flexible but the ma- spaces provided. These will include jority of the planned open spaces have some equipment but will be small and the necessary area to support a fully aimed at younger children. There is Open Space images equiped NEAP, LEAP or LAP. If it were also the potential to locate these in desirable then all open spaces proposed some of the wider home zones as well could have some play facilities that would as in the communal courtyards of the compliment and ecological endeavours larger blocks. to provide attractive open spaces that have facilities for local people to use and enjoy. The possibility for community empowered maintenance vehicles that involve residents in the design, creation and maintenance of these spaces would be a possible way to diffuse any tensions and concerns about maintenance etc. In conclusion the types of play mentioned above are explained below for clarity:

• NEAP: The main play area of a community – the Neighbourhood Equipped Area of Play or NEAP. This will include an equipped play space together with a multi-use games area. Most of the site will be within 800m of this play area.

Page 40 A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED 27. Home Zones In which we analyse the shared surface concepts of the home zone and its benefits

The principles of home zoning are key and where the car is a guest. in ensuring equality of access and • Vehicles should be moving ownership of the public spaces by the very slowly, typically between 10 and community they were designed for. 20mph. The images on this page highlight the • Only those living within the key features of home zones and their Homezone are likely to be using this benefit to public realm which are as type of street, it is not a short cut route follows: for cars in transit. • Traffic calming measures take • Shared area where neither cars, the form of street furniture and on pedestrians or any other road user has street parking that forces drivers to ac- priority. tively think about their route through the • Aim is to create a space that Homezone, rather than more traditional people want to use and pass through ‘engineering’ solutions.

Page 41 Anfield and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement 28. Urban Form and Features In which we highlight unique design features within the proposed illustrative Masterplan

The scheme has been designed as a grain, advertise the area's ongoing formal grid of streets based partially regeneration and interest in design on the existing network present in the excellence. Anfield and Breckfield area. Most of the roads in the scheme are straight • On Blocks 21, 34 and 35 there are giving long vistas into the site from the privacy distances that will need unique surrounding area. These can be used to housing design to create dwellings create dramatic views and our design that satisfy planning requirements. To seeks to enhance the ability of the area to the right are images showing different Peter Barber Architects work in built reality maximise these views through design of options of how new build on restricted the surrounding form. The majority of the sites can be acheived. URBED is not housing will be built using Keepmoat's advocating one design solution to the standard housetypes, but certain blocks problem but is confident of the number will require specific designs to overcome of resolutions available to housebuild- site constraints, the details of which are er's on sites of similar shallow depths. listed below: One such type is explored in Section 29. • Block 30 is a Flatiron shape that will be a dominant feature at the end • Blocks 33 and the Walton Breck of the Salisbury area. It will have to be frontage of block 25 will also require Peter Barber Architects work for the Accomodating Change project specifically designed and could even site specific design work to create be the subject of a design competition functioning dwellings within overall to increase the diversity of tenure and block constraints.

Keepmoat housetypes Work done in the Oldham/Rochdale Pathfinder to expand housing MVRDV Housing in Amsterdam that acknowledges site constraints

Page 42 A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED 29. Illustrative Sections In which we illustrate potential sections of the scheme

The masterplan is designed to create There are two exceptions to this. The first a unique place using a standard set is the flats that have been used on many of components - namely Keepmoat's of the corners. In these cases we have housetype range. This will allow effi- modified the standard flat block so that it ciencies of construction to be acheived can be used in non orthogonal corners. without the scheme appearing to be a We have also created a housetype unique standard or repititious product. to Anfield for sites with a substandard The illustrative plan explores these privacy distance. This is necessary on ideas and whilst we are not seeking those newbuild that are adjacent to ex- The Richmond consent for the design of the housing, isting terraces as highlighted in Section the illustrative plan shows how the 28. The housetype is 'L' shaped with masterplan can be populated mostly with windows looking into a courtyard rather the standard range. These housetypes than out of the rear elevation. include: The masterplan will be implemented in a series of phases over a number of The Aldwych: A two bedroom house with years. The designing of the houses will an open plan ground floor. evolve over that time and it will be impor- tant to create a variety of materials and The Normanby: Another two bedroom elevational treatment to create a richness dwelling. of character for the Anfield and Breckfield area. The elevations on this page are all The Westow: A three storey building which based on the Keepmoat standard types houses two bedroom apartments. and show the variety possible with a rela- tively small number of standard units. The Richmond: A three storey, four bedroom home designed with families in mind. The Westow

The Normanby or The Aldwych

Potential House Elevations

Page 43 Anfield and Breckfield Design Statement and Statement of Community Involvement 30. Proposed uses In which we describe the proposed uses shown on the Development Parameters Plan.

This vision has been developed into an the use of the area by wildlife in what ft so that there will be sufficient uses to illustrative masterplan for the site. We can is now an ecologically poor area. It create a retail diversity beneficial to the now discuss how different uses will be will allow for tiered play access where local community. Drastically reducing represented within the masterplanned appropriate and it will provide breathing the retail frontages will impair the local area:- space for the scheme to delineate the economy to expand and benefit from the regularity and uniformity of the existing regeneration work of the area and im- Industry (B2) uses: Since the scheme street layout. proved confidence that will come as the Amsterdam, active street with a mixture of use, activity encouraged Coin Street housing in , innovative new build will not be removing any industry and The tertiary streets will be treated area changes through redevelopment. is in a densely populated housing with homezones, other traffic calm- area, there is no plan to include any ing techniques can and shall be used Education and Health: The Breckfield Industrial uses within the Anfield and throughout the scheme to ensure that the Primary School has been Breckfield masterplan. area does not suffer from excessive con- retained in its existing building in the gestion at the peak periods of commuting heart of the new scheme. Whilst there Office/workshop (B1) uses: Market and of course on matchdays. However, is currently no facility for a Local assessments indicate that there is not a within this stance is the intention to keep Improvement Financial Trust shown on strong market for any office uses within a structured street network that encour- the plan, there is a need for improved the masterplanned area. However, units ages ease of movement for pedestrians, Health provision in the area and the on the active frontages of Walton Breck cyclists and those permeating the area Primary Care Trust is committed to the Road and Oakfield Road should remain by means other than vehicular. The mas- continued search for a site within the New build mixed tenure housing in Hulme, Manchester versatile if the demand evolves in terplan will be populated by new build masterplan for a health facility. light of other developments and future properties from the joint client developer proposals for the area. These areas are Keepmoat. This is shown on the plan with Elderly Care: The Arena scheme is marked on the Development Param- grey. in the heart of the community and eters plan with yellow and refered to as will provide a variety of services and retail led mixed uses. Retailing: We have concluded that accomodations. This scheme is being whilst there is some need for con- submitted separately by Arena but Residential development: Scoped at solidating the retail along the Walton URBED have worked with them to LIFT Scheme, the PCT are still committed to creating similar in Anfield and Breckfield 1300 units on the scheme in total, the Breck and Oakfield Road there is still a ensure the scheme fits within the mas- residential scheme works on a diverse need for retaining as many units as the terplan for the area and vice versa. housing mix and tenure type with a pre- market can support. Market appraisal dominantly 2 and 3 storey build height. has led to the conclusion that the area Within the development there are to be could support a large local conven- five distinct open space areas creating ience store up to 7,000 sq ft and a a total of 1.8 hectares of public realm general level of 25,000 sq ft for smaller that have play facilites and ecologi- units. This retail should be centred cal design where appropriate and in around, but not limited to, the proposed line with UDP Anfield Plaza to link into the footfall and Chapter 8, section OE7. The interface location. of regular open spaces throughout the Our scheme proposes a retail led scheme will encourage and enhance mixed use provision of up to 70,000 sq

Burton Road in Manchester, a functioning neighbourhood retail led centre Small scale workspaces for small businesses in Hoxton, London Page 44 A report for Keepmoat Partnerships by URBED

URBED 10 Little Lever St Manchester M1 1HR 0161 200 5500 www.urbed.com [email protected] Page 45